Directory_and_Chronicle_1925_Part_012

Rev. G. Rembry

Rev. Ceny

Rev. Dutilleul

Rev. Raaymaakers Rev. Flament

Rev. A. Hophey Rev. van Wagenberg Rev. P. O. G. Gorman

Rev. J. Mullins Rev. J. Feely Rev. J. Gasté

Rey. Ducarme Rev. Léfaki Rev. Castel Rev. Grégoire Rev. Vincent Rev. Garnier Rev. Clément

Rev. Angelloz

Rev. J. Huysinans

Rev. J. Kieffer

Rev. De Moerloose

Frère A. Maës

Frère van den Brandt

PROVINCIALE

MARISTES--Cha-la, near Peking

M. Nizier, provincial

Louis Michael, directeur général

Victorin, directeur normale

Joseph Gabriel.

Camille Leopold

Francois de Sales

堂慈仁 Jèn-tze Tang

SISTERS OF CHARITY, Orphan House---

Workrooms and School: North of

Jen-tse Tang Orphanage School Chinese Hospital, St. Vincent Pekin Hospital, St. Michel

Hsieh-ho-tao-hsuch-yuan

UNION BIBLE INSTITUTE - 50, Drum

Tower, West

Rev. C. H. Fenn, D.D., principal Rev. G. D. Wilder, D.D.

Rev. P. K. Li

MITSUI BUSSAN KAISHA, LTD. -Tsung Pu

Hutung; Tel, Ad: Mitsui

MOORE-BENNETT, A. J., Civil Engineer-

83, Chao Yang Men Da Chieh; Teleph.

965 (E.O.); Tel. Ad: Moorebenet; Codes:

Bentley's, A.B.C. 5th and 6th edns.

MOUTRIE & Co., LTD., Pianoforte and Organ Manufacturers, Repairers, Tuners

and Importers-rue Marco Polo; Teleph.

W. R. Hepburn, manager

Moyler, Powell & Co. (Legation

Stores), Drapers and Outfitters-14,

Morrison Street; Teleph. 663 (East);

Tel. Ad: Moyel

E. F. Moyler, partner

A. D. Moyler

Miss White I Miss Eason

MOYROUX, V., General Store, Insurance and Forwarding Agent-Legation St.; Teleph 662; Tel. Ad: Moyroux

V. Moyroux

J. Masson

Guardian Fire Insurance Co.

Ho-lan-yin-kung-szu

NEDERLANDSCH SYNDICAAT VOOR CHINA, Financial Enterprises, etc.-1, Tung Chang Tai Ping Hutung; Tel. Ad: Devos

Robert de Vos, managing director

Major K. L. Rozendeal, representative

NIELSEN & WINTHER, LTD. (Copenhagen), Manufacturers, Machine Tools, Hy- draulic Presses, Lathes, etc.-47, Nan Chili Tsz; Teleph. 1621 (East); Tel Ad: Niwi

W. G. Naumann, manager

H. K. Hansen |

A. Henriksen

家保 Pao-chai

NORTH CHINA INSURANCE CO., LTD-4,

Mei Chia Hutung; Teleph. 3955 (East);

Tel. Ad: Union

R. W. Paulden, manager

NYE & WINSTON, DRS., Dental Surgeons

-Grand Hotel des Wagons Lits

D. B. Nye

W. Winston

Fu-kung-szu

PEKIN SYNDICATE, LTD.-Hui Chang Buildings, Legation Quarter; Tel. Ad: Sindacato

PEKING ART GALLERY-15, Mei Cha

Hutung; Teleph. 3295 (East)

PEKING. CLUB.

President H.E. Sir Ronald Macleay Vice-President-H. C. Faxon Hon. Secretary-E. C. Mieville Manager-H. E. Lowther

***** Ying-wen-peking-jih-pao "PEKING DAILY NEWS" (Senior Morning

Paper published in English)-11, Nan

Ho Yen; Telephs. 270 and 1506 (East);

Tel. Ad. Endeavour

T. H. Shah, manager

H. K. Kwong, editor

PEKING DISPENSARY- Morrison Street;

Teleph. 1529 (East)

A. J. Skinn (absent)

T. P. Yü, manager

PEKING ELECTRIC Co. (1922), LTD., THE— Registered Office and Works: Legation Quarters; Teleph. €97 (East); Tel. Ad: Legationco

Wang Lingoh, director

Major A. Barker, D.S.o., M.C., director G. S. Cruickshank, M.I.M.E., managing-

director and engineer

C. Brondgeest, station engineer

PEKING INTERNATIONAL RECREATION AND

RACE CLUB (Nanyuan Race Club)

"PEKING LEADER, THE" (Chinese Owned Daily Paper published in English)-2, Mei Cha Hutung; Teleph. 1641 (East)

L. Chio-shui, managing director

Grover Clark, editor

E. de Long Mills, assist. editor

司公礦金古蒙京北

Pei-ching-meng-ku-chin-k'uang-kung-ss

MONGOLOR MINING Co.-Hui Chang Building; Tel. Ad: Penico

S. E. Lucas, president

I. V. Gillis, secretary and treasurer Mills & Manning Inc., con. engineers

PEKING RACE CLUB

Clerk of Course-A. C. Henning Committee E. Teichman, D. R. Mackenzie, D. Fraser, Col. L. M. Little, E. E. Mieville, Col. St. Clair Smallwood, J. Redelsperger Manager-H. E. Lowther

PEKING RADIATOR AND BOILER FACTORY, THE-59, Nan Chih Tsz; Teleph. 3033 (East)

Max M. Engel, C.E., partner W. Lewisohn,

"PEKING TIMES"

Dr. Mitchell C. L. Chang, proprietor

and editor

Pei-ching-hsieh-ho-i-hsüeh-hsiao

PEKING UNION MEDICAL COLLEGE

Dr. H. S. Houghton, director

H. J. Howard, prof. of ophthalmology A. S. Taylor, prof. of surgery D. Black, prof. of anatomy

J. P. Maxwell, prof. of obstetrics and

gynecology (absent)

A. M. Dunlap, prof. of otolaryngology O. H. Robertson, prof. of medicine A. H. Woods, prof. of neurology (abs.) C. T. Broeck, prof. of bacteriology T. D. Sloan, ex-officio (medical supt.)

(absent)

Robert Lim Kho-seng, visiting prof.

of physiology

M. R. Reid, visting prof. of surgery B. E. Read, associate professor of

pharmacology

E. W. H. Cruickshank, assoc. prof. of

physiology

J. B. Grant, assoc. prof. of hygiene

and public health

Liu J. Heng, assoc. prof. of surgery E. D. Congdon, assoc. prof of anatomy P. C. Hodges, do. roentgenology E. C. Faust, Li Tsing-meu, G. Harrop, C. W. Young, F. L. Meleney,

do. parasitology do. ophthalmology do. medicine do. do.

do. surgery (abs.)

H. E. Meleney, do. medicine (abs.)

Wu Hsien, associate prof. of physio-

logical chemistry

J. R. Cash, assoc. prof. of pathology

J. H. Korns,

medicine

H. J. Smyly, associate in medicine

G. W. V. Gorder, do. surgery

O. Willner,

J. P. Webster,

Liu Jui-hua,

Geo. Y. Char,

Lim Chong-eang, assoc. in bacteriology

medicine

do. otolaryngology

do. surgery

C. N. Frazier,

do. dermatology

J. W. Hammond,

pediatrics

B. G. Anderson,

C. L. Bartlett,

pathology

R. G. Birrell,

physiology

M. O. Pfister,

neurology

J. H. Bauer,

bacteriology

do. anatomy

P. H. Stevenson,

L. M. Miles, assoc. in obstetrics and

gynecology

Richard Sia Ho-'p'ing, associate in

medicine

R. A. Guy, assoc. in medicine

F. R. Dieuaide, do.

N. J. Eastman, assoc. in obstetrics and

gynecology

A. C. Willner, hon. lecturer in otolar-

yngology

Ma Wen-chao, assist. in anatomy Zau Zung-dau,

do. surgery Ernest Tso Shen-chih, do. pediatrics Pi Hua-teh, assist. in ophthalmology

(absent)

Shen Tsun-chi, assist. in medicine Ling Wen-ping,

do. ophthalmology

Woo Shu tai T., do. medicine Chen Foong kong, do. dermatology Cheer Sheo-nan,

do. medicine Wang Yung-kong, do. Chen Ko-kuei, Tsiang Sze-dau, Wong Jee-lum,

pathology

do. pharmacology do. roentgenology do. oral surgery

P. D. Hoffman, do obstetrics and

gynecology

Lee Chung-un, assist. in medicine A. A. Horvath, do.

R. M. Svensson, do. parasitology Lin Kuo-hoa, assist. in physiological

chemistry

H. Stone, assist. in otolaryngology Hu Chen-hsiang, do. pathology Wang Ho-shan, do. roentgenology Hu Ying-teh, do. medicine M. V. S. McCoy, technician in clinical laboratory, dept. of medicine (abs.) L. A. Sweet, assist. and nurse, dept.

of roentgenology (absent)

H. M. V. Sant, laboratory assist., dept.

of medicine

Kao Shih-en, assist. in otolaryngology King Tze,

do. Feng Chih-tung, do. pharmacology R. E. Carson, technician, central pa-

thological laboratory

Daisy Yen, assist. in physiological

chemistry

Lee Tan-piew, assist. in ophthalmology H. H. Loucks, do. surgery

Lai Tsung-yao, do. ophthalmology Chung Mon-fah, do. neurology Yang Ta-chun,

do. surgery

Liu Pao-yung, do. medicine T'ang Fei-fang, do. bacteriology Ting Yung-hao, do. otolaryngology Chang Hsiao-ch'ien, assist. in medicine Liu Ju-ch'iang, assist. in pharma-

Irma R. Edmiston, technician in clinical laboratory, dept. of medicine H. Barchett, assist. to the director Mrs. T. D. Macmillan, registrar M. E. Campbell, librarian

Department of Religious and Social Work

Y: Y. Tsu, secretary of religious and

social work

Ch'en Kuo-liang, assist. do.

The Hospital

T. D. Sloan, medical supt. (absent) Liu J. Heng, acting medical supt. Wang Sih-tze, assist. to the med. supt J. Cameron, supervr. of the pharmacy Hsu Yin-ta, assist. pharmacist

E. G. McCullough, dietitian (absent) E. Pauline Richardson, assist. dietitian Huang Kwe-pau,

H. Lynch,

B. W. Hammett,

Mrs. E. C. Huang, matron M. E. Tom, admitting officer H. M. Holland, anaesthetist

I. Pruitt, medical social worker E. M. Akerman, physiotherapist Stepehen Wang, custodian of records

House Staff

Medicine

Cheer Sheo-nan, resident

Ch'ien Mu-han, assist. resident

Hou Hsiang-ch'uan, do.

Hsü Kang-liang,

David V. Hudson,

George Y. C. Lu,

Harold H. Lucks, resident

Harold E. Crowe, assist. resident Kwan Sung-t'ao,

Amos Wong,

Yang Ta-chun,

Obstetrics and Gynecology

Marion Yang, resident

James S. Chu, assist. resident Ruth M. A. Tait,

Ophthalmology

Chang Tsu-Feng, assist. resident Otolaryngolgy

Ting Yung-hao, assist. resident Hu Mao-lien,

Neurology

Chung Mon-fah, resident Wei Yü-lin, assist. resident Roentgenology

C. K. Hsieh, assist. resident Internes

Chen K. Tsui-chen A. W. Hardy Ho Fu ch'üan L. M. Knox Lin Feng-san Liu Hsi-lin Liu Hwa-yang Liu Shih-hao Liu Shu-wan

C. S. McGill

Mu Jui-wu P'an Ming-tzu T. Chen-lang Wang Hsi Woo Ming-shu Wu Fa-yü Yao Hsun-yüan Yen Hui-ching

School of Nursing and Nursing

Administration

A. D. Wolf, dean of the school of nursing and supt. of nurses (abs.) R. I. Ingrain, actg. dean of the school of nursing and actg. supt. of nurses

M. L. Beaty, instructor in anatomy and physiology, history of nursing and materia medica (absent) M. S. Purcell, 1st assist. supt. of nurses V. Harrell, night supt.

L. M. Dalrymple, instructor in the

theory and practice of nursing I. M. Downs, instructor in anatomy and physiology, history of nursing and materia medica

E. Robinson, actg. second assist. supt.

of nurses

K. Caulfield, head nurse, obstetrical

ward (absent)

F. Whiteside, head nurse, operating

G. Banfield, head nurse, out-patient

M. Mooney, head nurse, men's medical

Mrs. Chiu Ding-ying, head nurse,

woman's ward,

Lo Yü-lin, actg. head nurse, admission

Tai Zing-ling, assist. night supt.

Anna Loh, head nurse, isolation ward Mrs. E. Mitchell, head nurse, surgical

Supply Room

M. Rinell, acting head nurse, semi-

private ward

E. MacAlpine, acting head nurse,

private ward

E. Rinell, acting head nurse, children's

Jen Hsin-kuo, acting head

head nurse, men's surgical ward

Pai Teh-i, acting head nurse, men's

mixed ward

Staff Nurses

A. Colver

E. Filandino W. Godard L. Griswold G. Lemon

L. G. King

H. McIvor

Mrs. I. MacKenzie N. Reid

A. L. King L. Vance

The Pre-medical School

S. D. Wilson, dean and assist. prof.

of chemistry

C. H. Corbett, assist. prof. of physics A. E. Severinghaus, do. biology Ma Chi-ming, instructor in Chinese B. R. Stephenson, do. physics (abs.) H. R. Downes,

do. chemistry

E. T. Murray, instructor in modern

European languages

E. M. Wolf, instructor in biology

do. chemistry

E. C. Scott,

J. Kessell,

do. biology

L. R. Severighaus, instructor in

modern European languages

C. H. Bovell, hon. instr. in physics

T'ang Ning-kang, assist. in chemistry

F. M. Exner,

Yu Ching-mei,

Yu I-feng,

Huang Hui-kuang, do. David Kinn Yang, do. L. R. Schmertz,

physics Chinese

chemistry

physics do. English

E. Tily, assist. in modern European.

language

Nelson S. Ch'en, assist. in biology

The Physical Plant and Business

Administration

J. S. Hogg, comptroller

W. W. Sigler, accountant

H. C. Mao, assist. in accountant dept. E. A. Schaumloeffel, supervisor of

employment

E. P. Watson, chief engineer

C. H. Bovell, do. electrical engr.

J. F. Tessar, do. mechanic

G. G. Wilson, supt. of buildings and

V. F. Bradfield, supt. of purchases

學大京燕 Yen-ching Ta Hsueh

PEKING UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF-Kuei

Chia Chang

Officers of Administration

J. L. Stuart, president

H. W. Luce, vice-president

O. J. Krause, treasurer

T. T. Lew, dean, School of Theology Mrs. M. S. Frame, dean, College of

Arts and Sciences for Women Wm. Hung, dean, College of Arts and

Sciences for Men

T. H. Ch'en, associate dean, College of

Arts and Sciences for Men

J. M. Gibb, dir., construction bureau T. M. Barker, co-dir.,

T. T. Hsu, librarian

D. G. Tewksbury, registrar, College of

Arts and Sciences for Men

H. V. Harris, assist. treasurer (abs.) B. M. Wiant, acting

T. M. Pai, medical officer

H. H. Chuan, bursar

Hilda L. Hague, secy. to the presdt. C. Sargent, assist. treasurer, registrar and secretary, College of Arts and Sciences for Women

K. Plumb, secretary, College of Arts

and Sciences for Men

M. Cookingham, secy., constn. bureau E. Witcomb, secretary, dept. of leather

P. L. Hsueh, secy. to the dean of Col- lege of Arts and Sciences for Men The School of Theology

T. T. Lew, dean

Department of Old Testament

J. F. Li, assoc. professor and head

Department of New Testament

T. M. Barker, assistant professor

and acting head (absent)

J. L. Stuart, professor

F. C. Porter, visiting prof. (abs.) O. H, Bronson, hon. lecturer Department of Church History

P. de Vargas, associate prof. and head Wm. Hung, assist. professor Department of Christian Theology

T. C. Chao, associate professor and

acting head (absent)

Dept. of Sociology & Christian Ethics J. B. Burgess, assoc. prof. and head Y. Y. Tsu, hon, assist. professor R. M. Cross, hon. instructor Dept. of Histy. & Philosophy of Relig. T.Y.W. Jen, assist. prof. & actg, head Y. Ch'en, lecturer

Dept. of Religious Education and

Psychology of Religion

T. T. Lew, professor and head Mrs. G. B. Barbour, hon. assist. prof. R. C. Sailer, instructor

Dept. of Worship and Preaching

E. J. Bentley, assist. professor and

acting head

G. D. Wilder, hon. professor Dept. of Church Admin. and Polity (temporarily in charge of the Dean) G. D. Wilder | O. H. Bronson Department of Sacred Music

B. M. Wiant, instructor & actg. head The Colleges of Arts and Sciences

Mrs. M. S. Frame, dean, College of

Arts and Sciences for Women Wm. Hung, dean, College of Arts and

Sciences for Men

T. H. Ch'en, associate dean, College

of Arts and Sciences for Men

I.—Language and Literature Group

Department of Chinese

Committee on reorganization-- President Stuart (chairman), Dean Lew, Dean Hung, Ch'en Che-fu and Chou Tso-jen

Ch'en Che-fu,

Chou Tso-jen,

assoc. prof.

Shen Yin-mo,

lecturer

Shen Shih-yuan,

Ch’en Chih-cheng, do.

Kao Yueh-ts'ai,

Yu Ming-ch'ien,

Department of English

T. E. Breece, assoc. prof. and head G. M. Boynton, do.

L. Chase, lecturer

(absent)

Mrs. T. C. Breece, hon. instructor

Mrs. C. Zwemer, instructor

A. James,

R. M. Bartlett,

A. Stryker, instructor Mrs. C. J. Pao, associate M. Chamberlain do. Mrs. H. B. Elliston, do. Miss E. Holgate, do. E. Murphy,

J. Reid,

Department of European Languages

L. E. Wolferz, assoc. prof. and head Mrs. Ph. de Vargas, honorary

assistant professor

D. Demierre, instructor II.--Natural & Physical Sciences Group

Department of Biology

A. M. Boring, visiting professor and

acting head

E. Severinghaus, honorary professor (assist. prof. P.U.M.C.) F. Harmon, instructor

T. Y. Ch'en,

J. F. Kessel, hon. instructor (ins-

tructor, P.U.M.C.)

E. Wolf, hon. instructor (instructor,

P.U.M.C.)

S. Y. Chu, hon. instructor (Central

Hospital)

Department of Chemistry

S. D. Wilson, honorary associate professor and head (dean, Pre- medical School, P.U.M.C.)

J. M. Gibb, associate professor

(director, construction bureau) E. O. Wilson, assistant professor E. Anderson, assistant professor

language study)

H. H. Downes, honorary instructor

(instructor, P.U.M.C.)

C. P. Ts'ao, instructor

T. C. Wang, do. (absent)

I.F. Yu, hon.assist. (assist., P. U.M.C.) N. K. Tang, do.

Y. H. Chang, grad. student assist. Lo Shih-lin,

Dept. of Geography and Geology

W. W. Davis, assoc. prof. & head (abs.) G. B. Barbour, do.

Dept. of Mathematics and Astronomy

T. H. Ch'en, professor and head E. L. Kenantz, assoc. professor E. M. Hancock, assist. prof.

Hau Shou-tang, honorary lecturer

(in pre-engineering)

Department of Physics

C. H. Corbett, assoc. prof. and head Y. M. Hsieh, instructor (absent) D. K. Yang, honorary instructor

(assistant, P.U.M.C.)

P. H. Wang, assistant

Dept. of Hygiene and Physical Educ.

T. M. Pai, instr. and actg. head C. Morrison, instructor

A. B. Coole, instr. (language study)

III.-Social Sciences Group Department of Economics

J. B. Tayler, prof. and head (abs.) B. H. Li, instructor and acting head Department of Political Science

Hsu Shu Hsi, associate professor

and acting head (absent). Department of History

Wm. Hung, assist. prof. and head Mrs. M. S. Frame, assoc. professor Ph. de Vargas,

E. Kendall, hon. lecturer (professor

Emeritus, Wellesley College) L. Booth, instructor

Y. K. Chàng, do..

T. E. Ennis, associate Department of Philosophy

L. C. Porter, professor and head P. C. Hsu, lecturer

Department of Sociology

J. S. Burgess, assoc. prof. and head J. Dickinson, assist. prof. (abs.) E. Durfee, hon. assist. prof. (secy.,

Y.W.C.A.)

Leonard S. Hsu, lecturer

C. C. Chu, hon. do.

T. C. Blaisdell, jr., instructor

L. Morrow, hon. instructor (secy.,

Y.W.C.A.)

L. Hinckley, do.

L. Sweet,

R. J. Forbes, do.

Department of Psychology

T. T. Lew, professor and head T. C. Van, instructor

K. C. Sailer,

Department of Religion and Ethics

J. L. Stuart, prof. and acting head T. C. Chao, assoc. prof. (absent)

T. M. Barker, assist. prof. do.

T. Y. W. Jen, do.

O. H. Bronson, hon. lecturer

M. Wood,

(L.M.S.)

L. C. Wu, L. Egbert, instr. (language study) (also other teachers offering courses in the School of Theology open to college students) IV.-Fine and Applied Arts Group

Department of Music

R. Stahl, instructor and head H. L. Gunderson, instructor

B. M. Wiant,

Department of Drawing and Painting

F. E. Starr, instructor

Department of Home Economics

C. Mills, instructor and head

Department of Education

Ĥ. S. Galt, professor and head Mrs. T. T. Lew, hon. assoc. prof. Ruth K. Y. Cheng, assist. do. (abs.) E. L. Terman, assistant professor Miss Wang Sui,

C. H. Li,

instructor D. G. Tewksbury, do. Miss K. M. Ch'en, do.

E. Hobart, hon. instr. (M.E.M.) C. Wannamaker, do. (A.B.C.F.M.) Department of Journalism

R. S. Britton, instr. and actg, head V. Nash, instructor

Department of Business Training

C.G. Ruby, assist. prof. and actg. head H. T. Ti, assistant Department of Agriculture

W. E. Chamberlain, associate pro-

fessor and head

P. H. Dorsett, hon. lecturer (U.S.A.

Dept. of Agriculture)

B. Eubank, instructor H. C. Etter,

C. C. Yu, assistant Department of Leather Tanning

H. S. Vincent, professor and head Ts'ai Liu-sheng, assistant

Pharmacie Nouvelle, Chemists and

Perfumers-Grand Hotel de Pekin

P. Meynard, proprietor

PHILLIPS, DR. MARGARET-13, Nan Wan!TM

Tze; Teleph. 3136 (East)

Peh-ching-yu-wu-kuan-li-chü

POST OFFICE--Hu-pu-chieh (near West End

of Legation Street); Telephs. 4441 ta

4443 (Tung Chu); Tel. Ad: Postos

Postal Commissioner-F. A. Nixon

Actg. Deputy do. -F, R. Myers

District Accountant-W. G. Lebedof Assistants-Arthur Hon Lee

Mechanical Supervisor-A. T. K. Lin

I in * Chiao-tung-pu

KB Yu-cheng-tsung-chü

POSTS, DIRECTORATE-General or Telephs 1370, 910 and 10 (Hsi-chu); Tel. Ad Postral

Director-General-Liou Fou Tcheng Co- do. -H. Picard-Destelar Chief Secretariat

Chief Secy.-J.M.C.Rousse-Lacordaire Audit Department

Acting Assist. Secretary in charge

temporarily-H. S. Kierkegaard Assistants-O. Nordquist, W. D Murray, Leung Kam Shing and Chir Chen-chiang

Chinese Department

Secretary L. C. Arlington

Deputy Commissioner-Wên Hsün Assistant-Chow Zung Sung

Domestic Development Department

Secretary-F. B. Tolliday

Assistant Secretary-G. Tudhope

軍世救 Chiu Shin Chun

Actg. Deputy Commr.-Li Wên Yüan Acting Service Buildings Surveyor,

temporarily G. McGarva Financial Department

Acting Secretary-A. Eyde Actg. Assist, Secy. ad interim-E. Roth Deputy Commissioners-Têng Wei-

ping and Huang Nai-shu Assistants-A. R. Powell, Fong Kung

Sung and Chang Chen Tse General Correspondence Department

Secretary Chief Secretary in charge Assistant Secretary-H. Kirkhope Assists.- Kan Wêu-shêng, Li Chin-lu

Private Secretariat and Service Move-

ments Department

Private Secretary-E. Caretti Actg. Assist. do. -C. E. Molland Assist. Secy.-G. M. R. de Sercey Union Department

Secretary-H. V. Poullain (on leave) Acting Assistant Secretary in charge

temporarily-P. C. Leblanc

Assistants-Li Wên-hoei, E. J.

Vanderlieb and K. Komatsu- Detached for Duty at Stamp Printing

Actg. Dep. Commissioner-P. Manners Assistant Tseng I-chen

Post Office Savings Bank Department

Secretary-E. D. de Sigalas

Acting Assist. Secy.-Tong Hon-sing Assistant-A. G. Washbrook

RAILWAYS-(See Chinese Eastern Railway

and Chinese Government Railways)

司公限有報電透路

Lu-to-tien-pao-yo-hsien-kung-sze

REUTERS, LTD.-Tung Chang An-Chieh;

Teleph. 1412(E); Tel. Ad: Reuter,

Major A. E. Wearne, M.C., assist. gen. nigr. for Far East and mgr. at Peking

thROCKY POINT ASSOCIATION-Peitaiho

Committee-R. C. A. Stanley (pre- sident), P. M. Hersey (hon. secy.), Dr. Ethel Leonard, R. D. Goodrich, Dr. Jesse Baldwin and A. C. Grines

OSTA NEWS AGENCY, Telegraphic Agency of the Union of Soviet Socialist

Republics-Culty Chambers; Teleph. 2014 (East); Tel. Ad: Rosta

## Tao-sheng-yin-hang

USSO-ASIATIC BANK-Legation Street;

Teleph. 1423; Tel. Ad: Sinorusse

SALVATION ARMY, THE-North China Ter- ritorial Headquarters: 71, Morrison St.;

Teleph. 2922 (E.O.); Tel. Ad: Salvation Army

Territorial Commander Comdr.

Francis W. Pearce and wife

Chief Secretary-Lieut. Col. A. H.

Barnett and wife

Field Secretary-Brigadier Robert E.

Chard and wife

Regional Officer-Major William D.

Pennick and wife

Secretary for Printing-Staff Captain

Arthur Ludbrook and wife

Training College Principal-Adjutant

Anton Cedervall and wife

Acct.-Staff Capt. J. Sansom and wife

Adjutant L. Stranks and wife

Do. W. Bexton do.

A Shing Hua-kung-ssu

SCHMIDT & Co., Importers of Educational

Laboratory and Hospital Supplies-1,

Hsi-tang-tze Hutung; Teleph. 3133 (E.);

Tel. Ad: Schmidtco

R. Schick, signs per pro.

W. Schulze -

SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES

CUSTOMS COLLEGE

Dr. C. S. Chen, president

Guy Acheson, vice do. and dean

W. T. Price

E. H. Cartwright | L. O. Bevan

T. Nagamochi

W. P. Panking

H.W. Bradley

C.Vassilevsky

Mrs. T.Cartwright | A. E. Newland

ECOLE ST. MICHEL-Hatamen Street

Fr. Lambert, director Fr. Pierre

FRENCH COLLEGE Nan-T'ang

Bro. J. Alfred, directeur

JEFFERSON ACADEMY (for Men)-Tung-

H. S. Martin, M.A., B.D., principal

J. A. Hunter, B.A., B.D.

L. E. Fleak Miss E. Ingram

Ching-tu-mu-chcn-hsueh-hsiao

MARY PORTER GAMEWELL

(Methodist Episcopal Mission)

Miss M. Jaquet, principal

Miss D. Fearon Miss Mary Watrous Miss Louise Hobart Miss Tipzah Stahl..

NORTH CHINA AMERICAN SCHOOL-

Tunghsien, Peking

Leonard Menzi, principal

W. P. Fenn

J. C. Breakey J. A. P. Lund Miss Mary Beard Miss E. Burgess

Miss I. Cummings Miss G. Young Miss E. Nowlin

Mrs. M. R. Newell

NORTH CHINA UNION LANGUAGE SCHOOL —Teleph. 1633 (E.); Tel. Ad: Language

W. B. Pettus, principal Mrs. M. Anderson Mrs. R. L. Collins

Miss K. P. Crane

Miss A. Pojoff

A. W. Hummel

Miss K. U. Williams

NORTH CHINA UNION MEDICAL COLLEGE

FOR WOMEN

PEKING NATIONAL NORMAL UNIVERSITY

-Liu Li Ch'ang; Teleph. 840

TSING HUA COLLEGE-Tsing Hua Yuan; Teleph. 3900 (East) and 85 (Hsi Yuen); Tel. Ad: Bureduc

Y. S. Tsao, B.A., president

MELINE Hsi-men-tsu-tien-chi-chang SIEMENS CHINA CO.,

Co., Electrical and Mechanical Engineers and Contractors -41, Teng Shih Kou; Tel. Ad: Motor

O. Müller-Dubrow, chief engr.and mgr. J. H. D. Rabe, commercial manager

D. Drenckhahn, H.

H. Freischütz, Fr. Engels, Joh. Hansen, engineers R. Weise and W. Schläger, assistants P. Meyer, Miss Wollmann and F.

Modde, stenographers

SINO-GERMAN TELEGRAM Co.-15, Yen-yao Street, East City; Teleph. 399 (East); Tel. Ad: Sinogerman

Mitchell C. Z. Chang, mang. dir.

司公理管業實法中

SOCIETE FRANCAISE DE GERANCE DE LA

BANQUE INDUSTRIELE DE CHINE (Eta-

blissement Franco-Chinois),

Anonyme au capital de Fr. 10,000,000

P. Sellier, gen. agent for the Far East

A. L. Seitert, manager

A. L. Brusset, signs per pro.

R. Leger,

J. Bardac

Mdlle. A. Andrieux

Mdlle. M. Ebele Mdlle. Gandry

SKIOTIS, BROS. & Co., Successors to Galatis Tobacco Association-11, Hatamen St.; Teleph. 3309 (East); Tel. Ad: Skiotis

SLIGH & Co., J., Tailors and Outfitters-

Morrison Street; Teleph. 953 (East)

R. W. Munro-Smith, signs per prò.

STANDARD OIL CO. OF NEW YORK-Tungtan Pilow Ertiao Hutung; Telephs. 1528 and 1580 (Tung Chü); Tel. Ad: Socony

R. C. Jackson

Miss E. Cartmel

SULLIVAN & Co., J., Auctioneers, Valuers and Commission Agents-Morrison St.; Teleph. 1226

J. Sullivan

K. C. Chen

SUN LIFE ASSURANCE Co. OF CANADA-- 40, Teng Shih Kau; Teleph. 2290 (East)i Tel. Ad: Sunbeam

Tipper & Co., general agents Alexander Rainsay, agent

TALATI & Co., JAMES, Furniture Manufac- turers, General Merchants and Commis- sion Agents-Teleph. 1068 (East); Tel. Ad: Talati

J. M. Talati

THOMSON & Co., Chartered Accountants- 5, Tung Tsung Hutung: Tel. Ad: Scru- tiny; Code: A.B.C. 5th edn.

Č. H. Bell, A.C.A.

R. C. B. Fennell, A C.A. E. S. Wilkinson, A.C.A. Leslie Stedman, A.C.A.

J. W. Cook, F.A.A., local representative

TIENTS IN PRESS, LTD., Stationers, Book- binders, etc.-rue Marco Polo; Teleph. 1832 (East); Tel. Ad: Press

TIPPER & Co., Insurance Agents-131, Wang-fu-ching-ta-chieh; Teleph. 624(E.); Tel. Ad: Adanac; Codes: A.B.C. 5th edn.

H. F. Henningsen

Agencies

China Mutual Life Insurance Co. South British Insurance Co.

Sun Life Assurance Co. of Canada

Ocean Accident & Guarantee Corpn.

文利烏 U.li-man

ULLMANN & Co., J., Jewellers, Diamond

Merchants, Watchmakers - Regine's

Buildings, Legation Street West; Teleph.

1471; Tel. Ad: Ullmann

R. Dreyfus, manager

安保 Pao-an

UNION INSURANCE SOCIETY

PEKING-TIENTSIN

OF CANTON,

LTD.-4, Mei Chia Hutung; Teleph. 3955

(East); Tel. Ad: Union

R. W. Paulden, branch manager

G. W. Frodsham & Co., Ld.

UNITED STATES STEEL PRODUCTS Co.-22,

Wu Liang Ta Jen Hutung; Teleph. 3805

(East); Tel. Ad: Steelyard

T. W. Stedman, manager

E. J. Hayes

Vickers, Limited, Builders of all Types of Naval and Merchant Vessels and Machinery, Aircraft, Manufacturers of all descriptions of Electrical Plant and Equipments, Diesel Engines, Machine Tools, Motor Vehicles, Cement Plants, Low Temperature Carbonisation Plants, Sporting Guns and Rifles, etc.-Tel. Ad: Vickers. Head Office: Vickers' House, Broadway, Westminster, London, S.W. 1.

R. D. Coath, A.M.I.C.E., representative

VARALDA & Co., Exchange, Stock, Share

and General Brokers-98, Morrison St.;

Teleph. 1522 (East); Tel. Ad: Varalda

Heng Pin Cheng Chin Yin Hang

YOKOHAMA SPECIE BANK, LTD.-Legation

Street; Tel. Ad: Shokin

W. Takeuchi, manager

T. Tanaka, sub-do. H. Kano, sub-do. Y. Mishima, p.p. do.

T. Kikuchi Y. Kurata

M. Morita

S Kitagawa

H. Tomoda

T. Itoli S. Uchiki N. Imamiya R. Kawasaki 1 I. Ota

YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION-

Hatamen Street; Teleph. 954 (East); Tel. Ad: Nassau; Codes used: Mission and Western Union

YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION -

12, Ma Ta Jen Hutung

Dr. Louise Morrow

Miss L. Hinkley | Miss R. M. White Miss E. Kitchin Miss M. E. Durfee

TIENTSIN

Tien-tsin

Tientsin-or the Ford of Heaven, according to the Chinese meaning of its name- may now well be called the commercial capital of North China. Situated at the junction of the Grand Canal and the Pei Ho in Lat. 39 deg. 4 min. N., Long. 117 deg. 4 min. E. (approx.), it is some 80 miles distant from Peking by road and somewhat further by river. Railway connection with the capital was established in 1897. A road between the two places, 94 miles long, was completed towards the end of 1922, and communica- tion was further facilitated by the inauguration of a wireless telephone service on March 7th of that year. The expeditions of the Allies in 1858-61 greatly enhanced the importance of the city, as it then proved to be the military key of the capital and an excellent base. It was here on June 26th, 1858, that Lord Elgin signed the treaty which was to conclude the war, but which unhappily led to its prolongation. The famous temple in which the treaty was signed, about a mile distant from the West gate, was destroyed by British shells in July, 1900.

Tientsin owes its early importance to its location at the northern terminus of the Grand Canal, and its later development is mainly due to the opening up of North China to foreign trade, to improved railway communications with the Interior, and to the deepening of the Bar and the Hai Ho by the Hai Ho Conservancy Board. Before the advent of steamers, however, Tientsin had become a flourishing centre for junk traffic, and when the tribute rice no longer followed the Grand Canal route-owing

TIENTSIN

to the shoaling of this ancient and celebrated waterway-it was sent to Tientsin in sea-going junks until comparatively recent years. It may be mentioned here that a Commission, composed of Chinese and foreign engineers, has been estab- lished to draw up plans for the improvement of the Grand Canal, and hopes are entertained that this waterway will ultimately be restored to something like its former usefulness. While it is improbable that it will ever again be used for through traffic from the Yangtsze it will doubtless serve a very useful purpose as a means of com- munication between many busy trading centres in this Province and Tientsin. The natural expansion of trade to be expected from Tientsin's unique position as the distributing centre of North China has been arrested from time to time by the defective communications with the sea; both the Hai Ho and the Taku Bar have stood in the way of development and limited the carrying trade of the port to light-draught coasting steamers. It would be difficult indeed to find another city in the world of equal com- mercial importance, or serving so rich and extensive and so densely populated a hinterland, with so poor shipping facilities. A river improvement scheme of some importance was inaugurated in 1898 under the direction of Mr. de Linde, a local engineer who had studied conservancy matters here over a number of years, and later on raking operations on the Bar on a plan devised by Mr. T. T. Ferguson, of the Maritime Customs, resulted in deepening the channel and facilitating navigation for the time being. But it remained for the Hai Ho Conservancy Board, established by the Peace Protocol, to prosecute the work of improving the navigational interests of the port and thus render great services to shipping by successfully overcoming some of the chief difficulties. Four important cuttings have been effected in the river, for example, which have not only facilitated the movement of the flood tide but have shortened the distance to the sea by some 20 miles by the removal of some corkscrew windings and dangerous bends; and powerful dredgers have been acquired for work on the Bar.

Early in September, 1917, the Hunho was in flood, and, finally, the Grand Canal burst its banks a few miles west of Tientsin, carrying away the main line of the Tientsin-Pukow Railway, which resulted in the Concessions being flooded before much warning of the impending danger could be given. The Municipal authorities of the various Concessions dealt with the problem in a prompt and public-spirited manner, and it was ultimately decided to enclose the submerged Concessions with a dyke and pump out the flood waters therefrom. The lengths of the various dykes in miles were approximately as follows:-Chinese (ex-German) 0.47; British, 1.40; French and British, 0.87; French, 0.32; Japanese, 2.27; total, 5.33 miles. Powerful pumps were then erected, and the whole undertaking for the British and French Concessions was successfully and expeditiously completed in a fortnight. It took longer to clear the Japanese Concession, however, where the water was from 7 to 10 feet deep in places.. It is estimated that over 15,000 square miles.of the most populous part of the Chihli province between Paotingfu and Tientsin were flooded, and it has been calculated that crops to the value of $100,000,000 were utterly lost, and that 80,000 groups of dwellings, ranging from hamlets to large villages, were destroyed.

In 1924 unprecedentedly heavy rains in the hinterland caused a very severe flood in the district between Paotingfu, Peking and Tientsin, though fortunately both these latter towns escaped. About the iniddle of July it was evident that an immense volume of water was moving down from the interior and threatening Tientsin. That Tientsin was not flooded was due to several causes. Principally, the comparatively recent improvements in the Haiho, ie., the construction of a new and straight channel through Tombs bend cutting which, eliminating the previous sharp bends in the river at this point, allowed a free and uninterrupted passage for the water; and, secondly, to the eleventh-hour precautions of strengthening the dykes. These were not only confined to the outer defences of Tientsin, which took the form of raising the Haikuanssu and Weitze Creek dykes; but, also, the British Concession Water Works and Electric Power stations were admirably protected by surrounding dykes, and the French Council raised a wall 3 or 4 feet high at the rear of the French Concession. A two-feet dyke was also raised on the bund along the front of the Concessions. However, the danger was not expected from the south, where there were three lines of defences--the outer dyke, Haikuanssu dyke and Weitze Creek dyke; but from the north-west of the Chinese City. Tientsin, being situated at the confluence of the Peiho, Yungtingho, Hsiho and Yunho or Grand Canal, was in an awkward position as the flood water, unable to escape through Mach'ang on the Yunho, and so along the south of Tientsin to the sea, filled in the depression between the rivers above-named and endeavoured later to force an outlet over the banks of the Yünho into Tientsin fromn

KOETJOMA.

YARORLAYY.

PLAN OF THE

FOREIGN CONCESSIONS

TIENTSIN

Scale of Half a Mile

Hsiao-wanky

Hsiao-liu - ch

CIAL AREA

Hsiao-ho-th

Ho-chia - loun

Tung loại

Asiao-wang-

John Bartholomew & Son Ltd Edin

KU-LOU - TUNG TA

BUT LOU-PET YA CHIEN

CRUELOU NAN

Sluice Gate)

122 SPECIAL AREA!

Paq-t'ai-ch

LEHAKKO RD

French Range

Italian Range

VIA RAXY

HANAZO NO

"MATSUSHIMA RO

SAGERIES OVERTA

JAPANESE

Mud Wall

Lao-hsi-kai

BRISTOW ROAD

BUE SAINT LOUIS.

300 0 0 0 0.

CONSULAR AD

Reservoir

WANG SAU

BAIKAL ROAD

COUNCIL H

Drawn and Engraved for the Directory & Chronicle

COUSINS KALAN ANE

ALEXANDRA

ROSLAOMA - ROAD

YABOATAY.

NOT SPECIAL AREA

Cemetery

PLAN OF THE

FOREIGN CONCESSIONS

TIENTSIN

Scale of Batť a Mile

Hsiao-wang,

Hsiao-hu ch

Hsiao-ho

Ho-chia- lou go

Tung-loi

Asiao-wang-

John Bartholomew & Sold Elliot

TIENTSIN

the west. Meanwhile, the discharging capacity of the Haiho or lower Peiho was being strained to its utmost by the immense volume of water from the Hsiho, Yungtingho and Yunho debouching into it just above Tientsin. At times the volume of water discharged from the Haiho was 55,000 cubic feet per second and the speed of the current over 5 feet per second. The river naturally rose to abnormal heights and at one time topped its banks in the German Concession but caused no damage. On Saturday, August 2nd, the Red Bridge which stood at the north-west corner of Tientsin, collapsed as a result of the water encroaching on the banks behind the abutments. It was feared that this bridge lying on the river bed might cause a silting up and a consequent raising of the river level at this point. So far, however, no such effect has been noticeable. On Tuesday, August 5th, the Bridge of Boats collapsed and was swept down by the current on to the Austrian Bridge, and, as the water was too high to allow the released boats' passage under this bridge, they had to be destroyed with all possible speed to prevent destruction of the Austrian Bridge. On August 14th, a portion of the stone bunding outside the Imperial Hotel just above the International Bridge collapsed and caused the authorities anxious moments until the gap was filled in with rubble and bags filled with sand. A few days later a hole appeared in the road at the southern extremity of the International Bridge into which thousands of bags of sand and rubble had to be thrown before the cavity was finally filled. This, too, caused no little apprehension, as it was feared that the current had washed round the foundations of the abutments of this bridge. There were anxious moments when the water in the Grand Canal reached the level of its banks, and frantic efforts were made to raise the dykes. It was found, also, that seepage had occurred in the banks of the Yunho, near the Pei Yang Match Factory, which, were it allowed to continue, would cause their undermining and consequent destruction. They had to be strengthened and pumps were brought into action to force back the water into the canal. During the flood the Peking-Tientsin Railway Service was not interrupted, although the water was in some places several feet deep against the railway track.

The question of conserving the waterways of the Chihli province, with a view to preventing a recurrence of the disasters experienced in the past and safeguarding the trade and shipping interests of Tientsin, has occupied attention for some years past, and various conservancy engineers have individually issued reports on the subject; but no co-ordinated scheme on broad lines and acceptable to all interests has so far been adopted. A proposal was brought forward in the autumn of 1917 by the Commissioner of Custoins in connection with the appointment of a "joint-commission" composed of representatives of the Chinese Government and of the Haiho Conservancy Board, etc., to study the general question and submit recommendations for the considera- tion and acceptance of the Government. The following extract from the Board's Annual Report for 1917 outlines the nature of the action thus taken, which, it is hoped, will prove effective :-"In view of the conflict of opinion between the Board's technical advisers and the National Conservancy Bureau on the general question of the prevention of floods in the Chihli province, the conservation of the waterways of the hinterland, and more especially the measures which should be adopted in regard to the Peiyünho and the Yungtingho (better known as the Hunho), Mr. Maze urged the necessity of appointing, without further delay, a joint Coinmission composed of three representatives of the Chinese Government and three persons nominated by the Board-viz., Mr. T. Pincione, Mr. H. von Heidenstam (Engineer-in-Chief, Whangpoo Conservancy Board), and Mr. W. F. Tyler (Coast Inspector) to study the important and far-reaching questions nvolved, which are of vital importance to the vast and growing trade of North China, the shipping interests of Tientsin, and the welfare and prosperity of the gricultural communities in the plains, and, ultimately, to submit recommendations or the information and acceptance of the Chinese Government. The Board, at a meeting on the 14th September, agreed to this proposal. The senior Consul, herefore, was addressed accordingly and requested to make representations on the ubject to the Diplomatic Body with a view to obtaining the acquiescence of the Chinese Government. Early in October the Board realised that it was essential in he general interests of trade, Chinese and foreign, to cause strong representations be made to the Chinese Government forthwith regarding the restoration of the Peiyünho, etc., and it was decided, therefore, as a preliminary measure and before he appointment of the joint Commission referred to above, to invite Mr. von Meidenstam and Mr. van der Veen, Adviser to the National Conservancy Bureau, come to Tientsin and confer with Mr. Pincione on the subject. A report was

TIENTSIN

issued by them, which was subsequently laid before the Chinese authorities concerned in Peking by the doyen of the Diplomatic Body, who supported the views and advice contained therein. The Chinese Government have definitely consented to the Board's original proposal as regards the appointment of a joint Commission, but various other matters in connection therewith --- notably the constitution of the survey party and the Niumutun Cutting, etc. are still under discussion and have not yet been decided. The Board have reason to believe, however, that all the recom- mendations outlined in the Engineer's report dated 12th October, 1917, will ultimately receive the concurrence of the Chinese authorities and will be acted upon,'

"The new Board, or Committee of Engineers, thus established has since been styled the "Commission for the Improvement of the River System of Chihli." His Excellency Hsiung Hsi-ling was appointed President of the Commission by the Govern- inent, and the following gentlemen have been nominated to serve-Admiral Woo Yu-ling, Mr. Yang Pao-ling, Mr. H. van der Veen, Mr. T. Pincione, Mr. H. von Heidenstam, and Captain W. F. Tyler. The inaugural meeting took place here on the 20th March, 1918, and congratulatory telegrams were received from President Feng Kuo-chang, the Dean of the Diplomatic Body, and the Inspector-General of Customs. The preliminary functions of the Commission comprise a comprehensive survey of the province, and the execution of the Niumutun Cutting, etc. When the first of these is completed there will be sufficient data at hand to enable the Grand Scheme to be formulated. The interests which the successful conservation of the waterways of the province would serve are of immense importance-the inhabitants of the plains would secure immunity from floods, and agriculture would be promoted by improved methods of irrigation; communications would cease to suffer periodical interruption, and the vast trade of North China would be safeguarded and fostered; while the immediate welfare of Tientsin would be protected and the navigability of the Haiho improved. The financial and administrative difficulties which will probably arise are admittedly serious, but it is hoped that these will be overcome and that the sanguine anticipations entertained of ultimate success will be realised at some future date. It would be well, of course, if arrangements could be made to fix the constitution of the Commission on a permanent basis with a recognised official status, and with provision for continuity of policy and ultimate expansion on broad lines. Referring to the development and progress of this Commission, the Customs Trade Report for 1919, which dealt exhaustively with Tientsin Conservancy affairs, states that the two previous Reports referred to the Commission for the Improvement of the River System of Chihli and the circumstances which led up to its establishment, adding that its preliminary functions comprised a comprehensive survey of the province and the execution of the Niumutun Cutting, etc. The main function of the Commission, of course, is the investigation of the river system of the province with a view to the formulation of the so-called Grand Scheme. Topographical and Hydrometrical Survey Departments were therefore organised, and their activities began in the summer of 1918. During 1920, the surveys of the rivers to the northward of Tientsin were completed, and a topographic survey of the country lying between the Yungtingho and Peiho was approaching completion. Towards the south, river surveys of the Weiho, Tangho, Shaho, and Tzeho were completed, in addition to topographical surveys of several localities. The total area surveyed during the year amounted to 11,419 square kilometres. As regards the actual construction of works, two schemes of a flood-protective nature were put in hand, viz., the outer Tientsin South Dike and the Machang Canal escape channel. In i the former case the construction and cost of the earthwork were undertaken by a syndi- cate of local gentry, the Commission on its part being responsible for the necessary masonry works. It was hoped to make the railway embankment serve as an effective dike in continuation of the new portion of dike now constructed by heightening its formation level, but the railway authorities refused to sanction this proposal. Assent, however, was accorded in 1922 to a proposal for extending the Tientsin dike to the south of the railway, but this will cost considerably more. The new outlet | channel for the Machang Canal, commenced in October, 1920, has been completed. The Upper Tombs Bend cutting was commenced in June, 1921, and was completed in the autumn of 1923. This cutting shortens the Haiho river by 6,000 feet and does away with four bad bends. In May, 1922, at the request of the Board, the engineer-in- chief presented a report on the future of the Haiho and its approaches, advocating the adoption of important further improvement measures, particularly in regard to the Taku Bar Channel. The Board decided, in addition to consulting the former chief engineer, Mr. de Linde, to obtain further expert opinion on the proposals before taking

TIENTSIN

action on them. Mr. Louis Perrier was accordingly invited to come to Tientsin to study the subject and give his opinion. Mr. Perrier supports entirely the engineer-in- chief's proposals and is confident that in the not distant future it will be possible, if those proposals are adopted, for vessels with a draught of 26 feet to come to Tangku and for vessels with a draught of 20 feet to come to Tientsin Bund. It is satisfactory to record that in 1920 the financial position of the Commission was considerably im- proved by the guarantee of a monthly grant of Tls. 30,000, which is sufficient to cover the ordinary recurring expenditure.

Mention was made in the report of the Commissioner of Customs for 1920 of the Peiho reversion scheme and of the advisability of concentrating energies and resources on the diversion of the Yungtingho. A scheme for the latter was worked out at an estimated cost of $17,500,000, to which a further sum, varying from $2,000,000 to $10,000,000, may have to be added if it is finally decided to construct a protective sea-dike to prevent deterioration of the Haiho channel, regarding the necessity of which opinions are divided. At meetings which took place in July and August, 1921, the members of the Commission came to the conclusion that in the present financial state of China it would be impossible to procure the funds necessary to finance either the total Peiho reversion or Yungtingho diversion schemes, both of which they considered were essential for a radical solution of improvement of the system of the rivers in the northern portion of the province. They, therefore, decided to recommend a scheme for the partial reversion of the Peiho, estimated to cost $2,500,000, of which the Commission had in hand about $2,250,000, as this would ensure fulfilment of all the conditions requir- ed by the Haiho Conservancy Board and would materially improve the navigation for boat traffic between Tientsin and Tungchow. It was recognised, however, that the flooding of the Paotihsien and adjoining districts would not be fully provided against, although the effect of floods would be reduced by the amount of water drawn off by the Peiho. The Chinese Government has been approached by the President of the Commission for sanction to carry out the partial diversion scheme, which, it now seems probable, will be taken in hand at an early date. Thanks to the efforts of Admiral Woo Yu Ling in his capacity as Director- General of River Affairs of the Eastern Metropolitan Area, over 80 per cent. of the land required for the excavation of a channel for reverting the supply has been acquired. Tenders have been called for and received for the construction of the new International Bridge from the continuation of Rue de France, in the French Concession, to Laptiev Road, in the Russian Concession.

Before closing these remarks upon the conservancy interests of Tientsin, it is fitting to refer to a very important scheme recently brought forward by Mr. Maze, the Commissioner of Customs there, viz., his proposal to establish a deep- water port at the river entrance below the town of Taku. The construction of certain training works by the Haiho Conservancy Board in the vicinity for the purpose of preventing further encroachment on the fairway of the North Bank, and of maintaining the new line of direction of the Bar Channel, seemed to him a favourable opportunity for suggesting that reclamation works to the north of the training works should be undertaken in order to secure sufficient ground for the construction of steamer-wharves, godowns, coal-yards and railway- sidings on land reclaimed between the North Fort and the inner end of the Deep Hole. The Engineer-in-Chief of the Haiho Conservancy Board advises that from an engineering standpoint the scheme is quite feasible and would not be unduly expensive, and that the position concerned-situated, as it is, at the actual mouth of the river-is, for a variety of reasons, the most suitable site avail- ble. The first reach of the river is straight, is about 1,000 feet broad, and is deep, thus possessing obvious advantages for the accommodation of shipping. It is uperior in this and every other respect to sites a little further up stream, which are not only much more limited in extent but do not possess such favourable advan- ages as regards breadth of river or depth of water. If facilities for deeper draught teamers are provided on the above lines, it is no exaggeration to state that the hipping interests of the port would be revolutionized and that the trade of Tientsin nd North China would greatly benefit. A deep-water port below Taku, for example, vould form a convenient shipping centre for the coal business; similarly, the oil ompanies trading there would probably find it advantageous to erect installations t the river entrance and provided sufficient depth of water can be secured in 4he future-bring ocean-going steamers alongside and discharge direct. In the dast, the Tientsin steamer traffic has necessarily been restricted to coasting vessels

TIENTSIN

only, which impeded the general expansion of trade. It is impossible, however, that the future needs of the port can be indefinitely met by such means, and if this important trade centre is to maintain and improve its present influential position it is essential that facilities for ocean-going shipping be provided on modern lines.

Turning to the civil administration of the city, it is well known that during the long satrapy of Li the trade and importance of the city developed exceedingly. Li, by the vigour of his rule, soon quelled the rowdyism for which the Tientsinese were notorious throughout the empire, and, as he made the city his chief residence and the centre of his many experiments in military and naval education, it came to be regarded as the focus of the new learning and national reform. The foreign affairs of China were practically directed from Tientsin during the two decades 1874-94.

The city will ever be infamous to Europeans from the massacre of the French Sisters of Mercy and other foreigners on June 21st, 1870, in which the most appalling brutality was exhibited; as usual, the political agitators who instigated the riot got off. The Roman Catholic Cathedral, which was destroyed on that occasion, was rebuilt, and the new building was consecrated in 1897, only again to fall a victim to Boxer fury in 1909. The building occupied a commanding site on the river bank. All the missions and many of the foreign hongs had agencies in the city prior to the debacle of 1900.

The population is reputed to be close upon 2,000,000, but there is no reliable statistical evidence to justify those figures. The city walls were quadrate and extended about 4,000 feet in the direction of each cardinal point; during the year 1901 they were entirely demolished and replaced by fine open boulevards under the orders of the Foreign Military Provisional Government. This body has further bunded the whole of the Hai Ho (Pei-ho) and effected numberless other urban improvements. The advent of foreigners has caused a great increase in the value of real estate all over Tientsin, and, as new industries are introduced every year, the tendency is still upward.

Li Hung-chang authorised Mr. Tong King-seng to sink a coal shaft at Tong Shan (60 miles N.E. of Tientsin) in the 'seventies; this was done and proved the precur- sor of a railway, which was later extended to Shanhaikwan for military purposes, and from thence round the Gulf of Liautung to Kinchow; 1900 saw this line pushed on to Newchwang. In 1897 the line to Peking was opened, and proved such a success that the line had to be doubled in 1898-9. A side station for the Tientsin i City was opened in 1904, and in 1905 the station was built of white sandstone bricks? made at Huangsue by an Italian called Marzoli, who had opened a brick factory on a large scale. From Feng-tai, about 7 miles from the capital, the trans-continental line to Hankow branches off. This line was completed and opened to traffic in November, 1905. In 1900 the violence of the Boxers was chiefly directed against the railways, all of which were more or less destroyed, but under British, French, and Russian military administration they were afterwards all restored to their former efficiency. As usual, the railway has brought all sorts of foreseen and unforeseen contingencies with it. Farmers up near Shanhaikwan are supplying fruit and vegetables to Tientsin. An. enormous trade in pea-nuts (with Canton) lias been created. Coal has come extensively! into Chinese household use; the foreign residents are developing a first-rate watering place at Pei-tai-ho on the Gulf of Pe-chi-li, and all the various industries of the city, have been stimulated. Brick buildings are springing up in all directions and the depressing-looking adobe (mud) huts are diminishing.

Foreigners formerly lived in three concessions-British, French, and German- which fringed the river below the city and covered an area of less than 500 acres. Japanese took up a concession in accordance with the terms of the Treaty of Shimonoseki. They filled in land, laid out new streets and built a large number of houses in foreign style. During 1901 Russia, Belgium, Italy, and Austro-Hungary all appropriated large areas on the left bank of the Hai-ho as future Settlements, while the existing concessions extended their boundaries very considerably. These developments have thrown all present and future landing facilities for direct sea-going traffic into foreign hands. The concessions have excellent and well-lighted roads, with an electric tramway system. The British Municipality has a handsome Town Hall, completed in 1889; adjoining there is a well-kept public garden, opened in the year of Jubilee and styled Victoria Park. An excellent recreation ground of 10 acres has been developed, in which tennis-courts, etc., have been laid out. The extra- mural area of the British Concession is very low-lying and is being reclaimed

TIENTSIN

and filled in by the mud dredged from the bottom of the river in the Harbour and discharged through pipes to the required place. The various British areas-known as the British Concession, British Extension, and the Extra-Mural Area-have been amalgamated to form one Municipal Area under a Council elected on a broad franchise. New land regulations have come into force, and it is stipulated therein that the new Council consist of nine members, of whom five shall be British subjects. Candidates must be nominated by two electors and all electors are eligible to serve on the Council. Voting is to be on a sliding scale; the minimum qualification for a foreign voter being the payment of Tls. 20 per annum in respect of land-tax or the occupation of premises of an assessed value of Tls. 480 per annum, and for Chinese the payment of Tls. 240 per annum in respect of land-tax or the occupation of premises of an assessed rental of Tls. 3,000 per annum--the discrimination between foreign and Chinese electors being intended apparently to prevent the possibility of the foreign vote being completely swamped in an area set apart primarily for foreign residence and trade. The development of the various concessions continues to advance at a great rate; but the question of the terms required for the extension of Crown leases in the (original) British Concession-which expire in 1960-is agitating the holders of property there, for, until the actual terms are settled, the development of the area is, and will continue to be, retarded, to the advantage of the other concessions. The terms announced by the British Government in March, 1922, were more onerous than had been expected, and as the result of two public meetings a petition has been presented asking for their amelioration.

the entry of Cliina into the Great War in 1917 the Chinese Authorities took over the German and Austrian Concessions on the 16th March of that year, and these have since been administered by the Chinese Police Bureau, but authority has been received from the Central Government to form an advisory committee of local residents. In the autumn of 1920 the local Chinese authorities assumed charge of Russian Consular functions and the policing of the Russian Concession, leaving the Municipal Council, however, to continue to function in minor municipal affairs. The nationalities of the owners of land in the Russian Concession,. based on the assessed value, is in the following proportion:-American, 13.95 per cent.; British. 41.52: Chinese, 10.92; Japanese, 23.58; Russian, 8.19; other nationalities, 1.84 per cent, The following buildings and institutions were formally inaugurated during 1922:— Messrs. Jardine, Matheson & Co.'s new offices, the Bank of Agriculture and Commerce, the Kailan Mining Administration's new head offices, the new market in the French Concession, the Banque Belge pour l'Etranger's new building, a new Empire Theatre to hold 800 people, the Italian Catholic Hospital and the Pasteur Institute.

A feature of Tientsin which arrests the attention of visitors is the open-air storage of cargo on the British and French Bunds, which have thus become in effect a "general godown." A great deal of confusion and congestion formerly existed from this practice, but the British Municipality has recently elaborated an excellent scheme whereby the Bund is divided into numbered steamer-sections and storage-spaces, and the roadway is now kept clear of cargo. The result has more than justified expecta- tions, and the orderly storage of goods in marked-off spaces not only allows a proper control to be kept over all such cargo but has facilitated communications by keeping the carriage-way clear of obstructions. The congestion at the wharves on the right bank of the river has assumed a serious aspect. This will be considerably relieved by the construction of a thousand feet of sloping shore protection with eleven piers for the mooring of steamers on the Russian Bund just below the International Bridge. Steamers discharging at those wharves will enjoy the facility of railway sidings right up to the berths. Arrangements have been made for the repair of the bund on the ex-German Concession.

The Racecourse is situated about 3 miles to the west of the Gordon Hall and comprises a very valuable property to which about 350 mow of land have recently been added. New betting buildings of reinforced concrete, which surpass anything of the lescription in the Far East, were constructed in 1921. Grand-stands for the members and for the general public are to replace the existing stand, and the course is to be widened and lengthened. It is proposed, also, to lay out a 9-hole golf course.

Distilling is one of the largest local industries; it is chiefly from kowliang sorghum) or millet. Although a spirit, it is called "wine," and is exported to the south n large quantities. The manufacture of coarse unrefined salt by the evaporation of sea water is also carried on near Taku; the produce is stacked some distance down iver at the first cutting, where all the salt junks now go. The trade in salt is a Govern- ent monopoly. It is estimated that 200,000 piculs of raw cotton grown in the

TIENTSIN

neighbourhood are absorbed by the local spinning mills. Of these there were six in Tientsin and vicinity in 1922, with an aggregate capital of $12,000,000 and a total of 190,000 spindles. Five more mills, with 122,000 spindles, were in course of construction. The yarn produced is of 14, 16, and 20 counts. Carpets, shoes, glass, coarse earthenware, and fireworks are also made in large quantities in the city, but Tientsin is at present essentially a centre for distribution and collection rather than for manufacture. The exports include coal, wool (from Kokonor, Kansulı, etc.), bristles, straw braid, goat skins, furs, wine, and carpets (of which 3,321,541 square feet were exported-chiefly to the U.S.A.-in 1923, valued at Hk. Tls. 2,900,841). The export trade is a creation only some 15 or 20 years old, and is largely due to foreign initiative. Wool cleaning and braid and bristle sorting are the cliief industries in the foreign hongs except those of the Russians, who are exclusively engaged in the transit of tea. The imports are of the usual miscellaneous nature: armis, tea for the Desert and Siberia, mineral oil, matches, and needles figure next to piece-goods. The fine arts are unknown to the Tientsinese except in the shape of cleverly-made mud-figures; these are painted and make really admirable statuettes, but are difficult to carry away, being remarkably brittle.

Tientsin is the principal sea outlet for the entire trade of the provinces of Chihli,' Shansi, Shensi, Kansuh, and part of Honan, with a population not far short of 100,000,000. Following are the comparative trade statistics for the ycars 1921, 1922 and 1923:-

Imports:

Foreign (net)

Native (net)

Value of trade of Port

1921 Hk. Tls.

113,791,298

1922 Hk. Tls.

1923 Hk. Tls.

122,440,039

102,341,339

47,369,373

47,014,868

49,646,387

63,618,531

75,061,425

86,420,212

224,779,202 244,516,332 238,407,938