港史文本 - HK In Texts: Sessional Papers

SESSIONAL PAPERS LAID BEFORE THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL OF HONG KONG 1929

Table of Contents

1. Clays

Geological Survey of the Colony. Report on Clays from Certain Districts

2. Estimates of Expenditure

Abstract Showing the Differences Between the approved Estimates of Expenditure for 1929 and the Estimates of Expenditure for 1930

3. Jurors

Jurors List for 1929

4. Kausing

Rescue Tug 'Kausing'

5. Motor Taxations

Report of Committee appointed to Consider and advise on the Taxation of Motor Vehicles

6. Mui-Tsai Question

Correspondence Relating to the Mui-Tsai Question

7. Opium

Memorandum on the Use of Opium in Hong Kong

8. River Steamers

Report of the River Steamers Commission 1928

9. Salaries

Report of the Salaries Commission

10. Shing Mun Valley Waterworks Scheme

Report By Mr.R.M.Hederson

11. Soils

Report of analysis of 16 Soils from Hong Kong

12. Stamp Duties

Report of the Stamp Duties Committee

}

HONG KONG

TO WIT.

NAME IN FULL.

35017 WITHDRAWN 10 DEC 1982 March 22nd.1934.

HK.S

25154

HONG KONG.

JURORS LIST FOR 1929.

I. SPECIAL JURORS.

OCCUPATION.

No.

1 1929

ADDRESS.

Alves, José Miguel Arnold, John

Beith, Benjamin David

Fleming..

Bell, William Henry Bellamy, Leonard Charles

Fenton.....

Bonnar, John Whyte Cooper... Brayfield, Thomas Henry

Gordon

Brown, Charles Bernard Brown, Neilage Sharp.. Cameron, Allan

Champkin, Cyril.....................

Cheng Shou Yan Churn, Samuel Macomber.. Compton, Albert Henry Davidson, Arthur Wellesley

Dyer, Robert Morton...

Ferguson, Archibald Hill .. Fleming, John

Goggin, William George Greig, Kenneth Edward Grimble, Charles Frederick

George

Hall, Frederick Charles. Hancock, Herbert Richard

Budd

Haslam, Gordon Fabian

Ho Kom-tong.

Joseph, Joseph Edgar Kan Tong-po...

Lammert, Herbert Alexander... Lauder, Paul

Lay Kam-fat

Lewis, Brian Lander

Merchaut, J. M. Alves & Co..... Secretary, H.K. C. & M. Steamboat Co.,

Ld.

Merchant, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld.. Merchant, Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld.

1 & 2 Minden Vill:s

On premises.

117 The Peak.

General Manager, HK. Tramways, Ld. ... 358 The Peak. Bill & Bullion Broker

Marine Surveyor, Carmichael & Clarke,

Ld.

Belvedere, The Peak.

Hong Kong Club.

Flywheel, Tai Po.

Chartered Accountant, Linstead & Davis 176 The Peak. Manager, Butterfield & Swire

Oriental Manager, Canadian Pacific S.S.,

Ld.

Bank Manager, P. & O. Banking Corpn.

Ld....

Manager, Bank of China..

Merchant, Union Trading Co., Ld. Manager, D. Sassoon & Co., Ld..... Marine Supt., Canadian Pacific S.S.

Co., Lil.

Chief Manager, H.K. & Whampoa Dock

Co., Ld.

Manager, Chartered Bank Chartered Accountant, Lowe, Bingham &

Matthews...

Manager, Bank Line, Ld. Manager, Taikoo Dockyard.

Ship Broker, George Grimble & Co. Merchant, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld...

Broker, Stewart Bros.

Manager, Imperial Chemical Industries

(China) Ld.....

Banker

Merchant, J. E. Joseph

Chief Manager, Bank of East Asia, Ld.... Stock Broker, Geo. & H. A. Lammiert General Manager, Union Ince. Socty, of

Canton, Ld.

Exchange Manager, Bank of Canton, Lu. Director, Reiss, Massey & Co., Ld.

350 The Peak.

262 The Peak.

Peninsula Hotel. 102 Robinson Road. 53 Conduit Road. Houg Kong Club.

9 Magazine Gap Road.

On premises.

Charter House, 17 Peak Road.

293 The Peak.

163 The Peak.

Quarry Bay.

10 Branksome Towers. On premises.

286 The Peak.

Repulse Bay.

7 Caine Road. Hong Kong Hotel. On premises. 170 The Peak.

On premises. 16 Mosque Street. 11 Peak Mansions.

NAME IN FULL.

OCCUPATION.

ADDRESS.

Little, Colbourne

Little, John Hargraves Logan, William

Mackie, Charles Gordon

Stewart

Marsh, Francis Richard..............

Miskin, Geoffrey

Parker, Philo Woodworth... Pattenden, Walter Leslie Pearce, Thomas Ernest... Perry, Frederick Arthur Plummer, John Archibald...... Pui Tso-yi (T. Y. Pei)... Rocha, João Maria da Rodgers, Robert..... Roza, Carlos Augusto da Russell, Donald Oscar Sandes, Charles Lancelot

Compton

Seth, John Hennessey

Sheppard, John Oram Shields, Andrew Lusk Silva-Netto, Antonio

Ferreira Batalha.... Sutherland, Robert

Taggart, James Harper... Templeton, David Tester, Percy....

Wong Kam-fuk.....

Wong Kwong-tin

Wong-Tape, Benjamin.........................

Principal, Little, Adams & Wood Assistant Manager, Butterfield & Swire... Broker, W. Logan & Co.

Resident Partner, Mackinnon &

Mackenzie

Electrical Engineer, H.K. Electric

Co., Ld.

Director, Gilman & Co., Ld. Gen. Manager, Standard Oil Co. Merchant, W. R. Loxley & Co. Merchant, J. D. Hutchison & Co.

5 Aighburth Hall, May Road. 183 The Peak.

Peak Hotel.

On premises.

253 The Peak. On premises. Altadena, The Peak. 107 The Peak.

299 The Peak.

515 The Peak. 9 Village Road.

Merchant, British American Tobacco Co. 250 The Peak. Merchant, Bradley & Co., Ld. Manager, Bank of China, Ld............. Merchant, J. M. da Rocha & Co. Exchange Broker.....

Exchange Broker, Roza Bros.............. Merchant, W. R. Loxley & Co.

Manager, Mercantile Bank of India, Ld. Incorporated Accountant, Percy Smith,

Seth & Fleming

Freight Assist., Canadian Pacific S.S., Ld. Merchant, Shewan, Tomes & Co...

Merchant, Silva-Netto & Co. Shipping Manager, Jardine, Matheson

& Co., Lử.

Managing Director, Hong Kong Hotel Manager, Taikoo Sugar Refinery Share Broker, Tester & Abraham Compradore, H.K. & K. W. & G. Co., Ld. Secretary, Kai Tak Land Investment

Co., Ld.....

Department Manager, Sun Life Insur-

ance Co., Ld.

3 Robinson Road. 137 The Peak.

7 Middle Road, Kowloon. On premises.

Galesend, 302 The Peak.

Deepdene, Deep Water Bay. 1A Hatton Road. 16 Peak Road.

32 Granville Road.

368 The Peak. On premises. On premises.

9 Stewart Terrace. 11 Arbuthnot Road.

38 Robinson Road.

Kia Ora Kowloon City.

NAME IN FULL.

II. COMMON JURORS.

OCCUPATION.

ADDRESS.

Abbas, Abbib

Abbas, Abdul Hamid

Abbas, Abdul Rahim..... Abbott, Albert Stanley Abesser, Peter

Ablong, Alfred Ernest Ablong, Arthur John............... Abraham, Albert

Abraham, Edgar Shooker.. Abraham, Ezra

Abraham, Jon Macoyer... Abraham, Reuben Adal, Mohammed Yafub Adam, James ..... Adams, Josiah Logan Adler, William Hastings. Ainslie, Ernest James

Akehurst, Herbert Farrant Alarakia, Ebrahim Mahomed. Alarakia, Ismail Mohamed Alexander, William Lodge

Allan, David Joseph.... Allen, Henry Alexander Allgood, Henry Patrick... Allison, Alfred

Allison, Alfred John Thomas.. Almeida, Apolinario Antonio d'

Almeida, Julio Hyndman Alves, Alberto Eduardo de

Selavisa Alves, Arthur Alvaro Alves, Braz

Alves, Carlos Francisco Xavier Alves, Darius Caesar Selavisa. Alves, Henrique Alberto Alves, John Antonio Selavisa. Amery, Samuel Chant Paddon Ammann, Hugo

Anderson, Charles Graham Anderson, David Anderson, George Anderson, John Edgar Anderson, William..

Andresen, Birger Owrum....... Andrews, Arthur Albert Angeles, Godofredo San Luis. Angus, George Ian

Annetts, Amos

Antonio, Ernesto

•

Antonio, Luiz Victor Archbutt, Geoffrey Samuel

Archibald, John Robinson.. Arculli, Omar el................ Armstrong, William Arnaulphy, Carlos. Arnold, Arther Edwin Arnold, George Henry Arnold, Thomas Arnott, Thomas..

Clerk, Lowe, Bingham and Matthews...... 216 Wanchai Road. Assistant Secretary, HK. Club

....

Ld.

216 Wanchai Road.

Repulse Bay Hotel.

4 Tung Hing Road, Kowloon. On premises.

49 Praya East, 2nd Floor. Gas Works, Hong Kong. 86в Nathan Road, Kowloon. 55 Granville Road, Kowloon. 5 Liberty Avenue.

Asst., HK. & K'loon W. & G. Co., Ld........ 10 Yiu Wah Street. Manager, Kelly & Walsh, Ld.... Accountant. Connell Bros. Co...... Assistant, Asiatic Petroleum Co, Overseer, HK. Electric Co., Ld.. Chief Clerk, HK. & China Gas Co. Exchange Broker, E. S. Abraham Broker, Tester & Abraham ..... Head Foreman, E. W. Blackmore Share Broker, Tester & Abraham Clerk, HK. Electric Co., Ld. Shipwright, HK. & Whampoa Dock Co... Civil Architect, Butterfield & Swire Salesman, Reiss, Massey & Co., Ld: Assistant, Lane, Crawford & Co. Electric Engr. HK. Electric Co., Ld.. Printer's Foreman, Labrum, Ld.. Clerk, Chartered Bank

Chartered Accountant, Percy Smith,

Seth & Fleming

Storekeeper, HK. & Whampoa Dock Co. Reception Clerk, HK. & S'hai Hotels, Ld. Assistant, Holt's Wharf

Clerk, HK. Electric Co., Ld., Assistant, Lane, Crawford, Ltd.. Assistant, Fumigating & Disinfecting

Bureau, Ld.......

Assistant, Standard Oil Co.........

Asst., Union Ince. Socty. of Canton, Ld... Asst., Union Ince. Socty. of Canton, Ld... Accountants Clerk, H. K. Engineering &

Construction Co., Ltd.. Clerk, HK. & Shanghai Bank Assistant, China Underwriters, Ld.. Assistant, J. D. Hutchison & Co.. Per pro., Hughes & Hough, Ld....... Foreman, Taikoo Dockyard...... Attorney, A. Goeke & Co. Manager, Assurance Franco-Asiaticque... Engineer, HK. & Whampoa Dock Co., Ld. Marine Surveyor, Anderson & Ashe Director, Anderson Music Co., Ld. Managing Director, Anderson Music Co.,

Ld.

Manager, Thoresen & Co., Ltd. Inspector, Peak Tramways, Ld. Assistant, Thoresen & Co., Ld. Assistant Engineer, China Light &

Power Co. (1918), Ld.

Asst. Supt., Jardine Matheson & Co., Ld. Clerk, Mercantile Bank of India, Ld. Clerk, H.K. & Shanghai Bank

... Fire Manager, Union Insurance Society

of Canton, Ld.

Assistant, Green Island Cement Co., Ld. Merchant, Arculli Bros.

Engineer, China Light & Power.... Merchant, Gerin, Drevard & Co..... Insce. Dept., Butterfield & Swire... Chief Accountant, Vacuum Oil Co. H.K. Canton & Macao Steamboat Co. Works Manager, Green Island Cement

Co., Ld.

8 Torres Buildings, Kowloon. 303 Praya East, 3rd floor. Kowloon Docks.

6 Branksome Towers, May Road. Seven Sisters, North Point.

14 Broadwood Road.

H. E. C. Qrs., 12 Causeway Hill. 29 Lee Garden Street, 2nd Floor. 21 Cochrane Street.

2 Humphreys Buildings. Kowloon Docks.

4 Percival Street, Hong Kong. Windsor Lodge, Austin Avenue. 71 Wong Nei Cheong Road. IB Armend Buildings.

Hulk Aldecoa, Yaumati Bay. 14 Salisbury Avenue, Kowloon.

On premises. Union Building.

13 Humphrey's Avenue. On premises.

13 Humphreys Avenue, Kowloon. 13 Humphreys Avenue, Kowloon. 13 Humphreys Avenue, Kowloon. Quarry Bay. 1 Bisney Villas. On premises. On premises. Hotel Savoy. Empress Lodge, Kowloon.

Kingsclere, Kowloon. Ocksen Cottage, Victoria Road. 15 Bowen Road. 578 Nathan Road.

80B Nathan Road.

4 Aimai Villas, Kowloon.

30 Granville Road, Kowloon. On premises.

Union Building.

Brick Works, Deep Water Bay. Ellenbud, Pokfulum.

On premises.

3 Felix Villas, Mount Davis Road. - On Premises.

4 Torres Building, Kowloon. On premises.

Cement Works.

←4

NAME IN FULL.

OCCUPATION.

ADDRESS.

A—Continued.

Arther, John David... Arthur, George Duncan

MacPherson

Arthur, Stewart Allan Ashworth, John Harwood...... Assis, Arsenio Feliciano Atkins, Albert Edwin Atkins, Valentine John......

Atkinson, Clark

Au Man Kwai

Austin, David

Austin, Frank

Banker, H.K. & Shanghai Bank

Marine Surveyor, Carmichael & Clarke Assistant, Gibb, Livingston & Co. Sub-Accountant, Chartered Bank.... Clerk, T. E. Griffith.....

Assistant, Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld. Assistant, Asiatic Petroleum Co.

(S.C.), Ld.

Shipwright, H.K. & Whampoa Dock

Co., Lt.

Broker, Chien Hsin Engineering Co.,Ltd. Engineer, Taikoo Sugar Refining Co....... Manager, S. J. David & Co., Ld................

On Premises.

88A Nathan Road, Kowloon. 103 Peak.

Ava House, May Road. 23 Jordan Road, 3rd floor. On premises.

On premises.

Kowloon Docks.

21 Wing Kut Street. On premises. On premises.

Babbidge, Henry George Backhouse, James Herbert Bailey, Henry Preston

Baker, Samuel

Banks, Stanley Caleb......... Bannerman, George Henry

Maclean

Baptista, Arthur Feliciano Baptista, Cezar Antonio

Octaviano Baptista, Joaquim Baptista, Marciano Francisco

de Paula

...

Baptista, Rodolfo Deogenes... Barbe, Jean Marie Gabriel Barclay, Thomas Charles Barker, Paul England Barnes, Francis Henry Barnes, John

Barradas, Arthur Oscar.. Barradas, Duarte Augusto. Barradas, Fernando Augusto... Barradas, Vasco Maria Barretto, Carlos Augusto

Barretto, Frederico Alberto

Maria

Barros, Antão Vasques Barrow, John Edward

Barry, Frederick Charles Barry, Thomas Andrew.... Barton, Alan Lawson Basa, Ricardo

Baskett, Paul Evelyn... Basto, Antonio Hermenegildo. Basto, Carlos Henrique... Basto, Luiz Eduardo Baxter, William..................

Beale, Ernest Charles

Beaumont, Richard Dudley. Beck, Ernest ....

Beck, Terrance Christopher

Thomas

Becker, Anicet

Taikoo Dockyard

Director, J. H. Backhouse, Ld.

Quarry Bay.

....5 Tregunter Mansions.

Electric Engineer, General Electric Co.

of China......

Chief Engineer, China Sugar Refining

Co., Ld.

Assistant, H.K. Electric Co., Ltd...

...

Electrical Engineer, Electric Co., Ld. Clerk, National City Bank of New York.

Clerk, H.K. & Shanghai Bank Assistant, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld...

Assistant, Green Island Cement Co., Ld... Clerk, H.K. & Shanghai Bank Sub-Manager, Messaries Maritimes. Engineer, Taikoo Sugar Refining Co., Ld. Gibb, Livingston & Co., Ld.

Peak Hotel.

On premises.

Kingsclere Hotel, Kowloon.

Peninsula Hotel.

8 Caine Road.

On premises.

5 St. Joseph's Terrace.

8 Caine Road. On premises. 3 Felix Villas. On premises. 103 The Peak.

3 Lycemoon Villas, Kowloon. H.E.C. Qrs., No. 3 North Point. On premises. On premises. ... On premises.

Chief Clerk, Singer Sewing Machine Co.. Engineer, H.K. Electric Co., Ltd.. Clerk, H.K. & Shanghai Bank Assistant, Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld. Assistant, Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld. Clerk, Nederlandsch Indische Handelsbank Clerk, Nederlandsch Indische

Handelsbank

Clerk, Nederlandsch Indische

Handelsbank

Bookkeeper, Bradley & Co., Ld.

Assistant Engineer, China Light & Power

Co., Ld.

Accountant, HK. & Shanghai Hotels, Ld. Act. Secretary, HK. Telephone Co., Ld... Assistant, Sassoon & Co., L.d...................... Merchant, R. Basa

Assistant, A. S. Watson & Co., Ld. Architect, Raven & Basto Principal, Little, Adams & Wood Chiropractor and Merchant, L. E. Basto... Consulting Engineer, D. A. Purves & Co. Assistant, H.K. & Shanghai Hotel, Ltd... Cashier, Mercantile Bank of India, Ltd... Packer, Taikoo Sugar Refinery

St. Joseph's Building, Block C.

90 Kowloon Tong, Kowloon.

90 Kowloon Tong, Kowloon. 2 Caine Road.

On premises. Peninsula Hotel.

26 West Terrace, Kowloon Docks. 515 The Peak.

587 Nathan Road.

Water Factory, North Point. 37 Kowloon Tong, Kowloon. 163 Kowloon Tong.

10 Queen's Road East, 1st Floor. On premises. Peninsula Hotel. 114 The Peak. On premises.

Assistant, T. E. Griffith & Co., Ld........ Fanling. Assistant, E. D. Sassoon & Co, Ld.

12 Yee Kwong Terrace.

NAME IN FULL.

OCCUPATION.

ADDRESS.

B-Continued.

Bell, Michael Robson..

Bell, Robert Barr

Bell, William

Bell, William Denny Beltrão, Manuel Roza Benson, Charles Henry.. Benson, Oscar Rowan Beutley, John.................. Bernardino, Pieira Berruex, Marcel.. Bertram, John William

Beveridge, William

Biggar, David MacDonald

Billimoria, M. F. Bird, George

Birkett, Henry Bitzer, Conrad Bitzer, Freidrich . Black, Colin Charters Black, Ernest David Blackburn, Leslie James

Blackley, John William Blackmore, Ernest Wilfrid Blackwell, Philip William.. Blair, Kenneth George Blaisse, Robbert Stephan Blake, William Frances... Blaker, Cedric

Bliss, Arthur William Bloomfield, John Arthur

Blansden, William James Blyth, Harry Henry Bollard, John Cyril.

Bolsius, Georges... Bond, Charles Bond, George Albert Bone, David

Bonenfant, Charles... Bonnar, James Leşlie............... Borrowman, Williaın -Botelho, Alfredo Apollonio

Botelho, Alvaro Alberto Botello, Antonio Alexandrino

Rosello

Botelho, Augusto Ceasar

Botelho, Eliseu Decio

Botelho, Noe Ulysses

Bough, Henry Charles

Bougon. Eloi Edouard

Bourne, John Philip Bourne, Water Hargreaves Bowes-Smith, Aubrey Maurice Boyd, Wilson Lowrie...... Bradbury, Bertram Walter...... Bradford, Thomas Fisher Braga, Clement Albert Braga, Noel

Brandel, N....

Braude, Arthur Nathaniel......

Brearley, Arthur.............

Draughtsman, HK. Whampoa Dock

Co., Ld.

Foreman, Taikoo Dockyard

Assistant, Butterfield & Swire..... Foreman, Taikoo Dockyard... Clerk, Messageries Maritimes General Manager, American Express Co. Principal, Carroll & Co........ Asst., Union Ince. Socty. of Canton, Ld. Accountant, Dodwell & Co....... Assistant, Ullmann & Co.

Assistant Engineer, China Light &

Power Co. (1918), Ld.

Kowloon Docks. Quarry Bay.

14 Stanley Terrace, Quarry Bay. Quarry Bay.

9 Nathan Road, Kowloon. On premises.

11 Jordan Road, Top floor. On premises.

104 Kowloon Tong.

On premises.

Manager, Equitable Eastern Banking

Corporation

On premises.

Assistant, HK. & Shanghai Bank

Secretary, Local Printing Press.. Watchman, Taikoo Dockyard

Broker, Moxon & Taylor........ Manager, Bitzer & Co... Partner, Bitzer & Co......

Steamship Agent, Furness (Far East), L. Assistant, HK. & Shanghai Bank Engineer and Manager, HK. & China

Gas Co.

Butcher, Dairy Farm I. & C. S: Co., Ld. Manager, E. W Blackmore Assistant, Butterfield & Swire. Merchant, Blair & Co. ....

Quarry Bay.

5 Branksome Tower, May Road. Ava Mansions, May Road.

Ava Mansion first floor, May Road. On premises.

On premises.

Marble Hall, Nathan Road. 5 Armend Buildings.

On premises. Hong Kong Club.

Shipping Clerk, Java-China-Japan Lijn.. 8 Peak Flats, The Peak.

Engineer, Taikoo Sugar Refinery Director, Gilman & Co.

Asst.. HK. & Whampoa Dock Co., Ld.... Merchant, British-American Tobacco Co.,

(China), Ld......

Baker, Lane, Crawford, Ld.... Engineer, H.K. Electric Co., Ltd.. Asst, Imperial Chemical Industries

(China). Ld.

Manager, Oriental Tobacco Manufactory. Manager, Gaude, Price & Co., Ld. Assistant, Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ltd. Draughtsman, Taikoo Dockyard... Cashier, Banque de L'Indo-Chine. Assistant, Union Iusce. Society of Canton Draughtsman. W. S. Bailey & Co., Ld.... Assistant, HK. Rope Mfg. Co., Ld. Assistant, Shewan, Tomes & Co.

Principal, Botelho Bros.

Secretary, Fumigating and Disinfecting

Bureau, Ld......

Clerk, HK. & Shanghai Bank.......... Assistant, Standard Oil Co. Assistant, Reuters, Ld. Assistant Agent, Charbonages Tonkins... Superintendent, H.K. & S'bai Hotels, Ld. Architect, W. H. Bourne....... Exchange Broker, A. M. Bowes-Smith...[ Sub-Acct., National City Bank of N.Y... Supt., Dairy Farm I. & C. S. Co., Ld. Wharf Engineer, Holt's Wharf Assistant, Reiss, Massey & Co. Secretary, China Light & Power Co.

(1918), Ld....

Secretary, Kino Bros. Ld. Engineer, H.K. Telephone Co., Ld.

Ld.

Engineer, H.K. & Shanghai Hotels, Ld.

On Premises. On premises. Kowloon Docks.

19 Peak Mansion.

132 Kennedy Road.

New Govt. Bldg., Connaught Rd. C.

On premises.

106 Kowloon Tong. On Premises. Quarry Bay. On Premises. Union Building.

Green Island Cement Co., Ld. 2 Salisbury Avenue. 11 Hart Avenue.

35 Granville Road, Kowloon.

93 Wong-nei-chong Road. On premises.

19 Mosque Street. 10 Peare Avenue. On premises. Hong Kong Hotel. Carlton Hotel. 516 Peak.

Repulse Bay Hotel.

I Braimar Terrace, Quarry Bay, Windsor Lodge, Austin Avenue. 12 Knutsford Terrace.

12 Knutsford Terrace. On premises.

21 Humphreys Buildings, Kowloon, Flywheel, Tai Po. Peninsula Hotel.

NAME IN FULL.

OCCUPATION.

ADDRESS.

B-Continued.

Bree, William George Brennan, Alfred Francis Brewin, Joseph Irvin Mark Brister, John Henry Broadberry, Ernest

Brook, Joshua

Brostedt, August Brown, Adolph .

Brown, Arthur James Brown, Charles Noel..... Brown, Charles William Brown, Edward Francis Brown, Capt. Frank Leader... Brown, Henry Davenport Brown, John Coghill..

Brown, Oliver Dufour

Brown, Patrick

Brown, William Joseph. Brown, Wilson

[

Bruggen Cate, Gerard Louisten

Bruyn, Cornelio de .... Bryan, Mervyn Joshua

Marshall.

Bryden, Eric McDonald

Buchanan, Jack.... Bulloch, James

Bungey, Alexander Philip Bunje, Henry Ferdinand Burling, William John Burn, George Andrew Burrel, William Walker

Burshall, Stephen Robert Bursley, Allan John Burson, Herbert

Burton, Arthur Louis Lovelace

Bush, James Daniel Butler, Edward

Butlin, Strathmore Tatham Bux, Shiek Elias

Bux, Sheik Omar

Buxton, Henry Thomas Bynen, Albert Van

Calman, Alexander Milne......

Cameron, Colin Shaw

Cameron, James.....

Cameron, John James Cameron, Ronald Vallance Campbell, Robert Armour.............. Campbell, Duncan MeInroy... Campos, Henrique Maria dos

Reys Canney, Joseph

Carlos, Cesar Villa...... Caron, Leonardus Johannes

Jacobus

Carroll, Anthony Henry

Assistant, Asiatic Petroleum Co............ Marketing Assistant, Texas Co., Ld....... Moulder, H.K. & Whampoa Dock Co., Ld. Merchant, Blair & Co....

Assistant, Wm. Powell, Ld..... Marine Representative, Vacuum Oil Co... Agent, Canadian National Railways Assistant, Lowe, Bingham & Matthews... Assistant, Gibb, Livingston & Co., Ld.... Cutter, Mackintosh & Co., Ld. Assistant Manager, Taikoo Dockyard Clerk, H.K. Electric Co., Ld. Engineer, H.K. Electric Co., Ld. Asst., Asiatic Petroleum Co. (S.C.), Ld.. Boilermaker, H.K. & Whampoa Dock

Co., Ld........

Sub-Acct., National City Bank of N. Y... Assistant, Loxley & Co.

Acet., China Light & Power Co., Ld................. Coppersmith Joiner, H.K. & Whampoa

Dock Co., Ld...

Sub-Accountant, Netherlandsch Handels

Maatschappy...

Manager, Java-China-Japan Lija

A.P.C. Installation, North Point. Y.M.C.A., Kowloon. On premises. Hong Kong Club. On premises.

135 Wong-nei-chong Road. Repulse Bay Hotel. 2 Minden Avenue.

335 Nathan Road, Kowloon. 2 Queen's Road Central, 2nd floor. Quarry Bay.

335 Nathan Road, 1st Floor. 17 Bowen Road, On premises.

Kowloon Docks. Repulse Bay Hotel. 27 Kai Tak Bund. Mignon, Price Edward Road.

On premises.

1 Stewart Terrace, The Peak.

Engineer, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld. . Y.M.C.A., Kowloon, Chartered Accountant, Lowe, Bingham &

Mathews

Secretary, Duro Motor Co., Ld.

1 Ava Mansions, May Road. On premises.

Assistant, Dairy Farm I. & C. S. Co., Ld.{ Pokfulam Road. Merchant, British American Tobacco Co. | 10 Peak Mansion. Assistant, Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld. ...On premises. Assistant, H.K. & Shanghai Hotels, Ld... Wharfinger, Taikoo Sugar Refinery District Manager, American Asiatic

Underwriters

Merchant, Calbeck, MacGregor & Co., Ld. Assistant, Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld. Assistant, Lane, Crawford & Co., Ld..... Wharfinger, 11.K. & Kowloon W. & G.

Co., Ld.

Manager, Yue Lee Yuen..... Supt. Engineer, Holt's Wharf.

Chartered Accountant, Linstead & Davis. Clerk, National City Bank of New York. Clerk, H.K. Electric Co., Ld........ Assistant, W. A. Hannibal & Co. Overseer, H.K. Excavation Co., Ld.

Shipbuilder, H.K. & Whampoa Dock Co.,

Ld.

Clerk, Taikoo Dockyard

Sub-Acct., Chartered Bank of I., A. & C. Engineer, Green Island Cement Co., Ld Marine Dept., Butterfield & Swire....... Asst., Asiatic Petroleum Co. (S.C.), Ld..| Marine Dept., Butterfield & Swier....

Clerk, Chartered Bank of I. A. & C. Pausman, Taikos Sugar Refinery Clerk, Far East Oxygen Co., Ld.

Sub-Accountant, Nederlandsche Handel

Maatschappij

Broker, Carroll Bros.

Peninsula Hotel, Kowloon. On premises.

2 Connaught Road Central. Peak Hotel.

On premises. Y.M.C.A., Kowloon.

1 Kings Park Buildings. On premises.

Glenthorn, Kimberley Road. 12 Tregunter Mansion. 43 Jardine's Bazaar.

55 Jardine's Bazaar, 1st Floor. Hong Kong Club. On premises.

On premises.

Quarry Bay,

103 The Peak.

On premises.

Peak Hotel.

A.P.C. Installation, North Point. 4 Hankow Road.

10 Salisbury Avenue, Kowloon. On premises.

162 Belchers Street, Kennedy Town

On premises.

16. Macdonnell Road,

NAME IN FULL.

OCCUPATION.

ADDRESS.

C- Continued.

Carroll, William Joseph Carson, Henry Laird Carvalho, Alvaro Eugenio Carvalho, Duarte Eduardo de Carvalho, Fernão Henrique de Carvalho, Guilherme Augusto Carvalho, Gustavo Adolpho de Carvalho, Marcus Antonio de Carvalho, Octavio Arthur de Cassidy, Philip Stanley..... Castle, Gordon

Castro, Alberto Eduardo

Henrickson Castro, Antoine Piu Castro, Carlos Victor.... Castro, Egydio Maria.... Castro, Henry Armand. Castro, Henry Oscar Castro, Inocencio Samson... Castro, José Maria d'Almada e Cave, Leonard James...... Caveney, Francis Thomas... Chalmers, James Calder Chaloner, Robert Minta....... Chambers, Arthur Harrington . Champeaux, Sovinien dé... Chan Chenk Chan Chi-mau

Chan Chiu-ting

Chan Chun-sang

Chan Hung-ching Chan Iu-key Chan Ki-soon Chan Kwai-ping... Chan Kwei-pun Chan Man-kai..................

Chan Ping Chan Ping-shu Chan Ping-fai Chan Ping-sau Chan Ping-tong Chan Shun-tsun Chan Sing Hong.... Chan Wai-chung Chan Wing Fook. Chan Wing To................... Chan Ying-hung

Chan Yiu-nam

Chan Yuk-in Chang Kin Cho Chang Sam-chong Chapman, James Brand.. Chappell, Richard Hope.. Chan Iu Niu Chau Yue-teng

Cheng Ching-po.

Cheng Fan

Cheng Kwong

Cheng Ling Cheng, Ramsey Cheng Wing-tai Cheong Fook Cheong Tat-chiu Cheong Tze Chuen: Cheung, Garch

هره

Broker, Carroll Bros.

Assistant, Davie, Boag & Co., Ld. Assistant, Dodwell & Co., Id........................ Assistant, Botelho Bros.

Shipping Clerk, Andersen, Meyer & Co... Assistant, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Lu. Assistant, Botelho Bros. Assistant, Botelho Bros. Clerk, H.K. & Shangbai Bank Merchant, J. D. Hutchison & Co. Assistant Cargo Supt., H K. & Kowloon

Wharf & Godown Co., Ld...

Asst., Nederlandsch Indische Maatschappy Assistant, Standard Oil Co....... Clerk, Mercantile Bank of India, Ld.. Assistant, H.K. Rope Factory... Assistant, J. M. da Rocha

14 Bowen Road. On premises.

27 Ashley Road. 6 Lyemoon Villas. 230 Kowloon Tong.

7 Austin Avenue, Kowloon. 589 Orient Building, Nathan Rd., K. 589 Orient Building, Nathan Rd., K. On premises.

30 The Peak.

Y.M.C.A., Kowloon,

On premises.

304 Nathan Road.

14 Granville Road, Kowloon. 563 Nathan Road.

2 Minden Avenue, Kowloon.

Assistant, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld... 23 Chatham Road, Kowloon.

Assistant, Thoresen & Co., Ld. Assistant, The Bank Line, L. Assistant, Mustard & Co., Ld. Assistant, Loxley & Co. Foreman, Taikoo Dockyard........ Assistaut, Butterfield & Swire.... Assistant, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld.. Accountant, Bunque de L'Indo-Chine... Assistant, Wallace Harper Clerk, American Express Co. Assistant, A. G. Pile

Asst., Union Ince. Socty. of Canton, Ld... Asst., Union Ince. Socty. of Canton, Ld... Clerk, Admiral Orient Line...................

Bookkeeper, American Express Co...... Clerk, H.K. Excavation Co.......... Asst., Union Ince. Socty. of Canton, Ld........| Assistant, China Light & Power Co.,

(1918), Ld.

Draughtsman, Palmer & Turner Clerk, Sun Life Assurance Co., Ld. Assist., Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld. Clerk, Mackinnon, Mackenzie & Co. Clerk, Chartered Bank...................

Assistant, China Underwriters, Ld... Architects' Assistant, A. G. Hewlitt Asst., Union Ince. Socty. of Canton, Ld.. Sharebroker, J. W. Kew & Co. Compradore, Thoresen & Co. Steno-typist, Kowloon Tong and New

Territories Development Co., Ld... Assistant, China Underwriters, Ld.. Assistant, Anderson, Meyer & Co., Ld.......... Assistant, Loxley & Co.

Acct., The Ault & Wiborg China Co.. Draughtsman, Taikoo Dockyard Assistant, H.K. & Shanghai Bank.. Asst., Raven & Basto

Managing Director, Cheong Wing S.S.

Co., Ld.

Asst., H.K. C. & M. Steamboat & Co. Clerk, Carl Bodiker & Co.

Assistant, Furness (Far East), L... Assistant, Bank of East Asia, Ld. Salesman, Texas Co..

Clerk, Chartered Bank....

Asst. Compradore, Wm. Meyerink & Co... Assistant, W. R., Loxley & Co. Compradore, Wm. Meyerink & Co. Accountant, Dragon Motor Car Co.

578 Nathan Road.

1 Lyeemoon Villas, Kowloon. 2 King's Terrace, Kowloon. Y.M.C.A., Salisbury Rd., Kowloon. Quarry Bay.

4 Branksome Towers, May Road. 8 The Peak.

On premises.

43A Jardine Bazaar, Wanchai.

On premises.

108 Queen's Road East. Union Building. On premises.

2 Parkes Street. On premises.

126 Kowloon Tong, Kowloon. Union Building,

On premises. Y.M.C.A. (Chinese). On premises.

33 Cooke Street, Hunghom. Un premises.

11 Star Street, 3rd Floor.

2 Fung Wang Terrace.

1 Sookunpoo Villas, Broadwood Rd, On premises.

55 Caine Road. 6 College View.

22 Connaught Road Central, 19 Parkes Street, 2nd Floor. I. Lan Kwai Fong, 2nd floor. 66 Pokfulam Road.

19 Shelly Street, 1st Floor. Quarry Bay.

On premises.

1 Hing Hon Road.

On premises.

Ou premises.

199 Temple Street.

66 Wellington Street. On premises.

11 Gordon Road, Causeway Bay. 16 Queen's Road East.

64 Pokfulum Road, 1st Floor. 27 Peel Street.

64 Pokfulum Road, 1st Floor. 25 Peel Street..

со

NAME IN FULL.

OCCUPATION.

ADDRESS.

·C-Continue l.

Cheung Kam Cheung Kam Sing.

Cheung Shu-chun Chichgar, Peshoton Rustom... Childe, Edgar Ronald Chin, George David. Ching King-sin

Chin Yee.... Cho Chih-san Choa, James

Choa Po Sien

Choa Po-yew

Choy Sai-pin

Christensen, Engelhardt Christie, Thomas Landale. Chui Chung..

Chui Jack-man.

Chu Po-yan...

Chubb, Stanford Frank.. Chung Chi-nam

Chung Kam Chuen Chung Lei

Chung Leungochuen

Chung Shau-ki

Chung Wai-lam

Chung Wing-cho Chung Ying-chiu

Clark, Albert Frederick

Clark, Douglas Edward. Clark, Frank

Clark, John Caer

Clark, Milton Ona Clark, Richard

Clark, Sidney Herbert Clark, Walter Charles Clark, William Stanley Clarke, Ernest Blears Clemo, Alfred Bertram Clemo, Frederick Charles

Clerk, Walter James

Clow, Donald ...

Coates, Alfred Edward

Cock, Edward.....................

Coelho, Alvaro José ..............

Coils, James Edward Runcie... Cole, Charles Walter Liddon... Cole, Walter William.... Coleman, Thomas

Collaço, Francisco Cecilio. Collaço, Maximiano

Collis, John Richard.. Comrie, Richard Conrad

Conant, Harold Abbott Rand. Connell, Herbert Cookes, Cyril Ian ....

Cooper, Dossabhoy Hormasjee Cooper, George William

Asst., E. D. Sassoon & Co., Ll. Passenger Clerk, Canadian Pacific S.S.,

Ld.

Clerk, Chartered Bank......

Manager, H.K. & Shanghai Hotels, Ld... Asst. Secrety.. China U derwriters, Ld... Assistant, Java-China-Japan Lijn Compradore, Carlowitz & Co.. Engineer, H.K. Excavation Co., Ld...... Clerk, P. & O. Banking Corporation. Asst., Compradore, Nederlandsch Indische

Handelsbank

Compradore, China Sugar Refining Co.,

Ld.

Compradore, Nederlandsch Indische

Handelsbank ..............

Assistant, China Underwriters, Ed. Merchant, American Flour Co. Sub-Accountant, Chartered Bank Asst., Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld. Assistant Compradore, Keller, Kern &

Co., Lư.

Assistant, A. C. Franklin

Asst. Superintendent, Peak Tramway Co. Compradore, H.K. Excavation, Pile

Driving & Construction Co., Ld. Clerk, Hong Kong & China Gas Co, Ld. Acet., Bank of East Asia, Ld.

Office Assistant, China Light & Power

Co. (1918), Lư.

Assistant, Carlowitz & Co.

Local Manager, American Asiatic

Underwriters

Compradore, Keller, Keru & Co., Ld. Clerk, Keller, Kern & Co., L‹l. Banker, H.K. & Shanghai Bank Merchant, J. D. Humphreys & Son Foreman, Taikoo Dockyard Architect, Clark & Iu

Attorney, Standard Oil Co. ..... Engineer, Taikoo Sugar Refinery Asst., Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld... Asst. Manager, H.K. Telephone Co., Ld.. Asst., Gibb, Livingston & Co., Ld.............. Secretary, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld... Assistant, China Light & Power Co...... Superintendent. China Light & Power

Co., Lư.

Banker, H.K. & Si anghai Bank...... Inspector, H.K. Tramways, Ld. Clerk, H.K. Tramways, Ld.

Assistant Manager, H.K. & Whampoa

Dock Co., Ld...

Clerk, H.K. Electric Co., Ld. Pansman, Taikoo Sugar Refinery Asst., H.K. & Whampoa Dock Co., Ld... Cashier, Davie, Boag & Co., Ld....................... Blacksmith, H.K. & Whampoa Dock

Co., Ld. :.

695 Shanghai Street, Kowloon.

14! Woosung Street.

28 Queen's Road East, 1st floor. Repulse Bay Hotel.

R. B. L. 159, Repulse Bay. 18 Mongkok Road, Kowloou. 4 Queen's Road Central.

122 Whitefield, Ground Floor. 1 Gresson Street.

95 Robinson Road.

5 Broadwood Road.

21. Seymour Road.

50 Queen's Road East, 1st Floor.

3 Kimberley Villas, Kowloon.

6 Tregunter Mansion.

19 Old Bailey Street, Ground Floor.

120 Praya East.

8 Arbuthnot Road. 50A The Peak.

34 Bonham Strand West.

| Gas Co., West Point.

On premises.

9 Cheong Lok Street. 13 Fung Shan Terrace.

On premises.

187 Queen's Road East. 27 Tai Wong Street. On premises. Alexandra Buildings. Quarry Bay. 4 The Albany. 8 May Road. On premises. On premises.. 118 The Peak. 103 The Peak. 304 The Peak. On premises.

On premises.

Ou premises.

153 Wanchai Road.

2 Yue Kwong Terrace.

Kowloon Docks.

19 Whitfield, Ground floor. On premises. Kowloon Docks.

3 Minden Villas.

Kowloon Docks. On premises.

583 Nathan Road, Kowloon.

163 The Peak.

114 The Peak.

...

P. & O. Building.

Clerk, H.K. & Shanghai Bank Interpreter, Thos. Cook & Son, Ld. Assistant, The Bank Line, Ld. Accountant, Standard Oil Co. Asst., Standard Oil Co., of New York General Manager, H. Connell & Co. Assistant, H.K. & Shanghai Bank..... Director, Arratoon V. Apcar & Co., Ld... 38 Queen's Road Central, Butcher, Dairy Farm I. & C. S. Co., Ld. | 52 Kennedy Road.

74 Queen's Road Central, 2nd Floor, On premises.

NAME IN FULL.

OCCUPATION.

ADDRESS.

C-Continued.

Cooper, Hugh Glen

Copley, Cecil Gordon Coppin, Alan Griffiths Cordeiro, Luiz Gonzaga Cordeiro, Procopio Antonio Cornaby, William Basil Cornell, William Arthur Corver, John Harry Cossart, Louis Auguste

Costa, Lourenço Antonio Costello, George Edward

Coulson, Ernest William

Coulthart, John

Courtney, Frank McDougal

Shipbuilder, H.K. & Whampoa Dock

Co., Ld.

Sub-Manager, Peninsula Hotel Exchange Broker ........

Clerk, H.K. & Shanghai Bank

Clerk, Palmer & Turner

Kowloon Docks.

On premises.

4A Des Voeux Road Central.

On premises.

317 Nathan Road.

Assistant, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld... 106 The Peak.

Architect, Palmer & Turner

Engineer, H.K. Excavation Co., Ld. Chief Accountant, Asiatic Petroleum

Co., Ld.

Assistant, Standard Oil Co.. .....General Agent, Canadian Pacific S.S.,

Ld.

Cousins, Ralph Hutchison. Coutts, Charles Hamilton......

Cox, Albert Rowland

Coxon, Raymond Ernest Craig, Archibald Craig, Robert Gilchrist

Craighead, Robert David Crapnell, Frederick Harry

Crichton, William Crofton, Christopher

Crookdake, Jonathan.....

Acct., Dairy Farm, I. & C. Storage Co.,

Ld.

Secretary, H.K. Rope Manufacturing Co. Manager, The National City Bank of

New York

.....Assistant Manager, Taikoo Dockyard.

Electrical Engineer, H.K. Electric

Co., Ld.

Croucher, Noel Victor Amor... Cruz, Florencio Maria da Cruz, Saturnino Maria da..

Electrical Engineer, H.K. Electric Co.,

Ld.

Repulse Bay Hotel.

1 Kimberley Villas.

On premises. 25 Ashley Road.

17 Humphrey's Building.

21 Humphrey's Buildings. Hong Kong Club.

408 Severn Road, Peak. Quarry Bay.

H.K.E.C. Quarters., No. 9.

Causeway Hill Quarters, No. 8.

Merchant, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld.. 351 The Peak. Foreman, Taikoo Dockyard... Chief Draughtsman, H.K. & Whampoa

Dock Co., Ld...

Sub-Acct., P. & O. Banking Corporation Secretary & Manager, H.K. & Kowloon

W. & G. Co., Ld......... Foreman, Taikoo Dockyard

Assistant Engineer, China Light & Power

Co., Ld.

Engineer, H.K. & Whampoa Dock

Co., Ld.

Sharebroker, Benjamin & Potts Assistant, H.K. & Shanghai Hotels, Ld.. Assistant, Fumigating & Disinfecting

Bureau, Ld.

Cruz, Saturnino Maria da, Jr.. Clerk, Nederlandsch Indisch Handelsbank Cullen, Fred.

Store-keeper, H.K. & Whampoa Dock

Co., Ld.

Cunha, Bernardino Maria

Cardoso da

Cunha, Frederico Nathalio da.. Cunningham, Albert Laing Cunningham, Bertram

Tweedale

Cunningham, William

Curreem, Abdul.............

Currie, Norman Meluroy

Asst., Union Ince. Socty. of Canton, Ld... Clerk, Chatered Bank of I., A. & China... Clerk, Canadian Pacific S.S., Ld.

Electrician, Taikoo Sugar Refinery Foreman, Taikoo Dockyard.

Assistant, Arculli & Sons

Quarry Bay.

On premises.

Kingsclere, Carnarvon Road.

Peninsula Hotel. Quarry Bay.

On premises.

Kowloon Docks.

P. & O. Building, Top Floor. On premises.

St. Joseph's Villa, Glenealy. St. Joseph's Villa, Hong Kong.

Kowloon Docks.

On premises. Bay View, Kowloon.

38 Robinson Road.

On premises.

Quarry Bay.

58 Kennedy Road.

General Manager, David Boag & Co., Ld. On premises.

Da Silva, Francisco Maria

Dallah, Abraham Rayman Dalziel, James McDonald Danby, Jas. Denison..... Danenberg, Reinaldo Silva-

Netto

Dang, Pierre ............ Dangerfield, Lewis Andrew...

Clerk, Nederlandsch Indische Handels-

bank......

Asst., Union Ince. Socty. of Canton, Ld... Engineer, H.K. Telephone Co., Ld Private Secretary, Butterfield & Swire....

Meter Assistant, China Light & Power

Co., Ld.

Clerk, Banque de l'Indo-Chine Accountant, P. M. Pinguet & Co.

23 Gordon Road. On premises.

7 Duddell Street, 2nd floor. 5 Thorpe Manor.

538 Nathan Road, 2nd floor. On premises.

211 Kowloon Tong.

NAME IN FULL.

OCCUPATION.

ADDRESS.

D—Continued.

D'Aquino, Eneas Goulartt

D'Aquino, Jose Goulartt Davidson, Alexander... Davies, Leonard John D'Assumpçao, Carlos.... D'Azevedo, Alexandre

Antonio

D'Azevedo, Victor Felix De Jesus, Arthur Gregorio Deacon, Stuart

Deacon, William........ Deans, William Duncan.. Decher, Harvey Leroy De Kent, Pieter Julius

Delgado, Agrippino Francisco..

Delgado, Alexander

De Rome, Louis

Deyble, Gerd

Dick, James Gold

Dick, John

Dickie, Frederick John Dimond, Aubrey Kieram Divett, Geoffrey Edward... Dixon, Philip Albert....... Docherty, Edward,..

104

Dodwell, Lewis Gordon Selwyn Donnithorne, James Henry Dora jee, William Dorster, Cornelis William

Otta van

Douglas, Robert Hinde Douglas, William Ewart Dowler, Reg. Hugh Dransfield, Albert

Draper, Thomas John

Dreyer, Holger

Clerk, Netherlandsche Indische

Commercial Bank

Clerk, C. E. Warren & Co., Ld. Draughtsman, Taikoo Dockyard Merchant, Gibb, Livingston & Co., Ld. Assistant, Botelho Bros.

Assistant, Nederlandsche Handel Maats-

chappij

Clerk, Canadian Pacific Steamship, Ld.... Stenographer, American Express Co., Ld. Electrical Engineer, H.K. Electric Co., Ld. Assistant, Wm. Powell, Ld. Assistant, Dairy Farm I. & C. S. Co., Ld.. Mechanic, H.K. & Shanghai Hotels, Ld.. Accountant, Netherlandsche Indische

Commercial Bank...... Assistant. Calbeck, MacGregor &

Co., Ld.

Assistant, H.K. Rope Manftg. Co., Ld.... Elect. Engineer, H.K. Electric Co., Ld... Clerk, Jebsen & Co........ Sawmiller, H.K. & Whampoa Dock

Co., Ld.

Assistant, Shewan, Tomes & Co. Assistant, T. E. Griffith, Ld. H.K. & Shanghai Hotels, Ld. Assistant, A. S. Watson & Co., Ld. Manager, T. E. Griffith, Ld. Shipwright, H.K. & Whampoa Dock

Co., Lư.

Merchant, Dodwell & Co., Ld.

3 Salisbury Avenue, Kowloon. 32 Natham Road, Kowloon. Quarry Bay.

364 The Peak.

5 Peace Avenue Homuntin.

Netherlands Trading Society. 38 Jordan Road, Kowloon. On premises.

Causeway Hill Quarters, No. 4. On premises.

Dairy Farm, Pokfulam. Happy Valley Garage, Stubbs Road.

On premises.

154 Belchers Street. 162 Kennedy Town.

H.E.C. Qrs., No. 1A Causeway Hill. On premises.

Kowloon Docks.

9 Cameron Road, Kowloon.

38 Humphrey's Building, Kowloon. On premises. Glenealy Hotel.

4 Lyeemoon Villas, Kowloon.

Kowloon Docks.

301 The Peak.

Manager, China Light & Power Co., Ld. On premises. Assistant, Union Trading Co.

Financial Manager, Netherlands Harbour

Works Co.

Marine Surveyor, Goddard & Douglas Assistant, Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld Assistant, Butterfield & Swire................ Timekeeper, Taikoo Sugar Refinery Assistant, Standard Oil Co....... Assistant, Shewan, Tomes & Co......

Driessen, Johanness Cornelis.... Sub-Accountant, Nederlandsche Handel

Drude, Robert..... Drummond, Neil...

Duckworth, Ferdinand Farrant Dugan, Keith Leroy.... Duggan, Edward Wilfred Dunbar, John Campion....... Dunbar, Lambert

Danbar, William Geddes

Loraine

Duncan, Llewellyn Arthur

Robert...

Duncan, Robert Kirkwood Dunlop, Robert Paterson...... Dunnett, Gordon Black....

Eager, Oscar.............

Earnshaw, Claude ...... Easterbrook, Frederick James Eastman, Alfred Leonard

George.....

Maatschappij......

Assistant, Standard Oil Co. Pansman, Taikoo Sugar Refinery Elect. Engineer, H.K. Electric Co., Ld.......... Sub-Acct., National City Bank of N.Y... Manager, American Express Co. Assistant, H.K. Electric Co., Ld.... Flour Broker, Dunbar Bros. Co., Ld..

Assistant, Mackinnon, Mackenzie & Co...

Assistant, Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld. Foreman, Taikoo Dockyard............... Electric Engineer, H.K. Electric Co., Ld. Banker, H.K. & Shanghai Bank

Assistant, Jardine, Matheson & Co., La... Manager, Palace Hotel........ Architect, H.K. Realty & Trust Co., Ld.

Assistant, H.K. & Kowloon Wharf &

Godown Co., Ld.........................

10 Mosque Street.

4 Granville Road, 1st Floor. Repulse Bay Hotel. On premises.

4 Tregunter Mansion. On premises. Peninsula Hotel. Taipo.

On premises.

92 Nathan Road, Kowloon, On premises.

Quarters, No. 2 N.P. Station. Peninsula Hotel. On premises.

1 Rutton Building, Duddell Street. 2 May Road, Kowloon.

On premises.

On premises. Quarry Bay.

Causeway Hill Quarters, No. 2. On premises.

Kingsclere Hotel, Kowloon. Palace Hotel, Kowloon, On premises.

1 Carnarvon Building.

материа

•

NAME IN FULL.

OCCUPATION.

ADDRESS.

E-Continued.

Eastman, Alfred William Eça, José Maria ....... Edgar, Aubrey Jacob Edgar, Joseph Jacob... Edie, Archie Walker Hay. Edwards, Frank Edwards, George Richard... Eldridge, Cecil Hubert Eldridge, William James Ellams, George Ernest Ellis, Arthur Cecil.... Ellis, Felix Maurice

Ellis, Nathaniel Solomon.. Elms, Paul Andrew Eu Chok Lam...... Evans, James......

Everett, Arthur George. Ewin, Hugh Lionel Frederick.. Ezra, Edward

Acct., Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld. Assistant, H.K. & Shanghai Bank...... Broker, Ellis & Co.

Assistant, D. Sassoon & Co., Ld. Assistant, Mackinnon, Mackenzie & Co... Engineer, Taikoo Sugar Refining Co., Ld. Secretary, United Asbestos Co., Ld. H.K. & Shanghai Bank

Storekeeper, Taikoo Dockyard Acct., H.K. C. & M. Steamboat Co., Ld.. Assistant, Reiss, Massey & Co., Id. Stockbroker, Ellis & Co.

Assistant, Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld. Assistant, Loxley & Co.

Clerk, Chartered Bank of I. A. & China.. Engineer, H.K. Electric Co., Ld..... Electric Engineer, H.K. Electric Co., Ld. Assistant, Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld...... Sub-Manager, D. Sassoon & Co., Ld.....

1 Carnarvon Building, Kowloon. On premises.

4A Armend Building, Kowloon. 4 Armend Building. On premises. On premises.

24 Humphrey's Buildings. On premises. Quarry Bay. On premises. Peninsula Hotel.

455 Barker Road, The Peak. On premises.

22 Robinson Road. 17 Old Bailey Street.

7 Ying Wah Terrace, West Point. H.E.C. Quarters, No. 1 Duddell St. On premises.

7 Humphreys Avenue, Kowloon.

Fan Kwok-hong.. Fantham, Henry Harold..

Faria, Francisco Xavier

Lobato da

Farid, Mohamed.. Farne, Francis Henry Farrell, Albert Edward Farrell, Robert Emmet Feimann, Hermann..... Felshow, William Charles. Ferdes, Victor Ferguson, John

Fergusson, James Carson ... Fergusson, Thomas....

Fernandes, Francisco Ernesto

Carajota Fernandez, Menino...... Ferreira, Alberto Francisco Fiddes-Wilson, Walter Dunbar Field, William Valentine....... Fielder, Bertil Ernest.. Figueiredo, Eduardo José Figueiredo, Eduardo José, Jr.. Figueiredo, Guilherme Alges... Figueiredo,Henrique Alberto de Figueiredo, Henrique Joao

Melchiodes

Figueiredo, Manuel Augusto... Fincher, Edward Charles Fincher, Ernest Francis......................... Finnie, John

Flavell, Leonard Jabez Fleming, William Nicholson... Fonseca, José Maria Foraita, Walter

Forbes, Alexander Rodger......

Forbes, Duncan Douglas

Forbes, Donald

Assistant, Donrelly & Whyte Wharfinger, H.K. & Kowloon Wharf &

Godown Co., Ld..........

Clerk, H.K. & Shanghai Bank Asst., Union Ince. Socty, of Canton, Ld... Asst., Union Ince. Soety. of Canton, Ld... Assistant, Butterfield & Swire Engineer, H.K. Telephone Co., Ld. Accountant, Dodwell & Co., Ld.......... Architect, Little, Adams & Wood Clerk, Banque de l'Indo-Chine Foreman, Taikoo Sugar Refinery Clerk, Taikoo Dockyard

Cargo Supt., H.K. & Kowloon Wharf &

Godown Co., Ld...................

Book-keeper, Dollar S.S. Co. Share Broker, M. Fernandez Clerk, H.K. Electric Co., Ld.. Assistant, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld.. Caretaker, H.K. & Shanghai Hotels, Ld. Assistant, Butterfield & Swire Manager, Hughes & Hough, Ld..... Assistant, Hughes & Hough, Ld.. Engineer, Siemens China Co. Assistant, China Underwriters, Ld.

Assistant, Hughes & Hough, Ld.

35 Po Kwong Street.

Marble Hall, Kowloon.

On premises. On premises. Union Building. Peak Hotel. 3 Peak Road. 180 The Peak. 235 Nathan Road. On premises. On premises. Quarry Bay.

15 Knutsford Terrace.

154 Belcher Street, Kennedy Town. Fernandez Bungalow, K'loon Tong. 317 Nathan Road, 1st floor. The Bungalow, East Point. Peninsula Hotel, Kowloon.. 4 The Peak.

5 Kowloon Tong. 9 Kowloon Tong. 227 Nathan Boad.

5 Liberty Avenue, Kowloon.

3 Liberty Avenue, Kowloon.

On premises.

Bookkeeper, Green Island Cement Co. ... 1 Peace Avenue, Ho Mun Tin.. Employee, Gilman & Co., Ld........ Assistant, Gilman & Co., Ld. Draughtsman, Taikoo Dockyard

On premises. Quarry Bay.

Assistant, H.K. & Shanghai Hotels, Ld... Peninsula Hotel.

Manager, Davie Boag & Co. Assistant, Standard Oil Co........ Employee, A. Goeke & Co...

Chief Foreman, China Sugar Refining

Co., Lư.

Manager, Andersen, Meyer & Co., Ld. Assistant, Bank Line, Ld.

Ford, William Falconer, Jr. ... Assistant, H.K. & Whampoa Dock

Forder, George

Peak Hotel.

3 St. Joseph's Mansion.

On premises.

East Point Terrace.

Peninsula Hotel, Kowloon. Station Hotel.

Hong Kong Office.

Co., Ld.

Assistant, Whiteaway, Laidlaw & Co.

...

On premises.

NAME IN FULL.

OCCUPATION.

ADDRESS:

F-Cont nued.

Forsyth, William Rennie. Fountain, Herbert John.... Fowle, Churchhill Tucker.. Fox, Henry Leslie....... Fox, Samuel John Henry Franco, Francisco Maria, Jr. Franco, Viriato

Franklin, Arthur Cawte Fraser, Archibald Dick Fraser, Joseph

Frost, Richard Yarworth Fuertes, Pedro Nolasco....

Fulcher, Charles Augustine Fung Chik Man............. Fung Fook-tien Fung Ho-po ...

Fung Iu-cheung

Fung Kai Leung. Fung Pak-ngok Fung Piu-ying Fung Shin-wah

Fung Tsun

Fung Yun-chi..

Furnya, Iwas

Assistant, Vacuum Oil Co.

Piano Tuner, Anderson Music Co., Ld. Assistant Manager, Vacuum Oil Co. Assistant, H. Skott & Co. Banker, H.K. & Shanghai Bank. Clerk, Messageries Maritimes Clerk, H.K. Electric Co., Ld. Analyst, A. C. Franklin............ Foreman, Taikoo Dockyard..

Shop Foreman, W. S. Bailey & Co., Ld... Asst., Asiatic Petroleum Co. (S.C.), Ld. Clerk, Nederlandsch Indische Handels-

bank

Clerk, Moxon & Taylor

Mercantile Asst., Shewan, Tomes & Co... Managing Director, Kwong Sang Hong... Assistant Accountant, Texas Co. Sub Accountant, Bank of Canton, Ld.. Clerk, Java-China-Japan Lijn................. Compradore, Reiss, Massey & Co.

Assistant, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld... Compradore, H. Skott & Co. Draughtsman, Palmer & Turner

4 Inverness Terrace, Kowloon. Y.M.C.A., Kowloon.

524 The Peak.

4 Leighton Hill Road. On premises.

222 Kowloon Tong.

9 Morrison Hill Road.

21 Cheung Chau Road Quarry Bay.

56в Nathan Road, Kowloon. On premises.

49 Haiphong Road, Kowloon. Station Hotel, Kowloon.

9 Old Bailey Street, 1st Floor. On premises.

14 Kwong Ming Street, Wanchai. 3 Third Street.

44 Square Street.

7 Man Chung Tong.

228 Third Street, West Point. 22 Stubbs Road.

23 Granville Road,

Assistant, Reuter. Brockelmann & Co..... 30 Front Row. Assistant, Bank of Taiwan

On premises.

Gaan, Martin Jose..... Gabagan, Cyril Edwin Gardiner, Ernest William Garcia, Jr. Flavio Maria

Garcia, Francisco Maria Gardner, John Gardner, John Gardner, Joseph.. Gardner, William Frederick Garner, Leigh... Garrett, Guy Watkins Gascon, Antonio... Geall, William James Geare, Iltyd Henry Gee, Charles Mcqueen Gerrard, George........ Gillespie, James.

Gilmore, David James Girardot, Marcel Gittins, Henry Gittins, William Minto Glendinning, Walter Scott Glover, Francis Harry

Goeke, Alwin....... Goetz, Carl Henry Goldenberg, Charles Archibald Goldenberg, Harry. Goldenberg, Isaac Levy Goldenberg, William

Goldman, Laurence

Golecki, Anton

Gomes, Antonio dos Santos

Gomes, Francis

Gomes, Francisco Xavier

Gomes, José

Acet., British-American Tobacco Co., Ld. Electric Engineer, H.K. Electric Co., Ld. Wharfinger, Holt's Wharf

Clerk, Nederlandsch Indische Handels-

bank

Bookeeper, Dollar S.S. Co. Foreman, Taikoo Dockyard. Asst., Assiatic Petroleum Co., Ld. Asst., Union Ince. Socty. of Canton, Ld... Asst., Union Ince. Socty. of Canton, Ld... Asst., Union Ince, Socty, of Canton, Ld... Banker, H.K. & Shanghai Bank............. .... Merchant, Gascon Motor Co.

Engineer, H.K. Telephone Co., Ld. General Manager, Vacuum Oil Co...... Manager, National Aniline & Chemical Co. Clerk, Taikoo Dockyard ........... Shipwright, H.K. & Whampoa Dock

Co., Ltd.

Sub-Accountant, Chartered Bank Manager, Pathe Orient

Assistant, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld.. Electrical Engineer, W. Jack & Co., Ld.. Outside Supt., H.K. Tramways, Ld....... Asst. General Manager, H.K. Tramways,

Ld.

Principal, A. Goeke & Co.

Garage Engineer, Alex, Ross & Co. Assistant, N. S. Moses & Co., Ld........... Assistant, N. S. Moses & Co. Assistant, Standard Oil Co....... Merchant, N. S. Moses & Co. Assistant, Gilman & Co., Ld. Clerk, Jebsen & Co.

Asst., Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld. Assistant, Nippon Yusen Kaisha Clerk, Banque de l'Indo-Chine Clerk, H.K. Electric Co., Ld.............. Assistant, E. D. Sassoon & Co., Ld.

6 Gordon Terrace Kowloon. Causeway Hill Quarters, No. 12. On premises.

23 Jordan Road, Top floor, Kowloon. 536 Nathan Road, Kowloon. Quarry Bay.

On premises. Union Building. Union Building. Union Building. On premises. 575 Nathan Road. 8 Peak Road. Peninsula Hotel. On premises. Quarry Bay.

Kowloon Docks.

Branksome Towers, May Road. 239 Nathan Road, Kowloon. 14 Ashley Road, Kowloon. 14 Ashley Road, Kowloon. 12 East Point Terrace.

359 The Peak. Bisney Villas, No. 1. On premises.

2 Observatory Villas. 4 Cameron Road.

2 Observatory Villas.

94 Nathan Road.

On premises.

492 Nathan Road, Kowloon, 93 Robinson Road.

On premises.

57 Queen's Road East, 1st floor. 79 Wong-nei-chong Road.

NAME IN FULL.

OCCUPATION.

ADDRESS.

G-Continued.

Gomes, José Hyppolito Gomes, Joseph Vicente..

Gomes, Luiz Braz Gomes, Luiz Maria...... Gomes, Maximiano Antonio... Gonella, Ugo

Goncalves, Julio Augusto. Gonsalves, Verissimo.. Gonzales, Joseph Angél Goodeno, Jack Miller Goodall, Donald MacGregor... Goodman, Reginald James

Goodwin, David Alexander Goodwin, Frauk.............

Gordon, Alan Grant ... Gordon, James Miller Gordon, Robert

Gordon, Lyner Reginald Gourdin, Frederick O'Driscoll. Gow, David Grimmond .............

Graça, José Athanasio

Maria de

Grady, John

Grant, Ian Fargnharson Grant, Walter John Graves, Harold

Gray, Herbert Castell Gray, Robert Gray, Samuel....

Greaves, Alfred Philip Green, Douglas Samuel Green, Robert Anthony. Greensmith, Reginald Eustace. Greenway, Albert Edward Gregory, Denys William Gregory, Haik Matthews

Gregory, Harry Arraloon

Gregory, Stanley Oswald Grey, George Willis... Grieve, Ronald James

Douglas Clerk

Griffin, William George Griffiths, Eric Arthur

Grimble, Eric George Norton..

Groome, Eric Leslie

Grose, John Francis Grossart, Armin..... Grossett, Henry Edmund

Groundwater, Richard Gerrie..

Gualardi, Daniel

Guerreiro, Joao Fernandes Guimgam, James Cecil........ Gundesen, Jakob Christian

Anker

Gutierres, Luis Augustus... Gutierrez, Alvaro Eugenio.... Gutierrez, João Baptista Gutierrez, Joao Maria Gutierrez, João Jose:....... Gutierrez, Reginaldo Maria

Asst., H.K. & Whampoa Dock Co., Ld... Kowloon Docks. Storekeeper, H.K. & Whampoa Dock

Co., Ld.

Accountant, William C. Jack & Co., Ld... Clerk, H.K. Electric Co., Ld. .. Assistant, Shewan, Tomes & Co... Architect, Hazeland & Gonella Assistant, Botelho Bros. Assistant, D. Sassoon & Co., Ld. ... Overseer, H.K. Electric Co., Ld... Attorney, Standard Oil Co.

Cafe Manager, Lane, Crawford, Ld.. Storekeeper, H.K. & Whampoa Dock

Co., Ld.

Asst. Manager, W. S. Bailey & Co., Ld.. Assistant Engineer, Kowloon Branch,

H.K. & China Gas Co., Ld. Assistant, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld... Assistant, Furness (Far East), Ed. Merchant, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld... Secretariat Asst., H.K. Tramways, Ld. Assistant, Bank Line, Ld................ Chief Clerk, H.K. & Whampoa Dock

Co., Ld.

Assistant, Lammert, Bros.

Asst. Engineer, China Light & Power

Co. (1918), Lư.

Assistant, Butterfield & Swire Assistant, L. E. Basto...

Accountant, Mercantile Bank of India, Ld. Asst., Union Ince. Socty. of Canton, Ld... Foreman, Taikoo Dockyard

Engineer, H.K. & Whampoa Dock

Co., Ld.

Broker, A. P. Greaves...

Asst., Asiatic Petroleum Co. (S.C.), Ld.. Assistant, H.K. & Shanghai Bank..... Exchange Broker, E. S. Abraham Clerk of Works, H.K. K. W. & G. Co.... Asst., Lane, Crawford, Ld........ Manager, T. M. Gregory & Co. Assistant, Dairy Farm, I. & C. Storage

Co., Ld.

Bookseller, Kelly & Walsh, Ld. Architect, Grey & Hawker

Assistant, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld.. Engineer, H.K. Telephone Co., Ld.

Kowloon Docks.

8 Humphreys Avenue, Kowloon. 48 Haiphong Road, Kowloon, 6 Ashley Road, Kowloon. 209 Wanchai Road.

12 Granville Road, Kowloon. 27 Jordan Road, Kowloon. 48 Praya East, 2nd Floor. Peninsula Hotel. On premises.

Kowloon Docks. Kowloon Hotel.

On premises. 8 The Peak. Lauriston.

354 The Peak. Peak Hotel.

60A Nathan Road, Kowloon.

Kowloon Docks.

12 Lochiel Terrace, Kowloon.

On premises.

184 The Peak.

17 Whitfield Road, 2nd Floor, 269 The Peak. Union Building. Quarry Bay.

Kowloon Docks.

8 Queen's Road Central.

On premises.

108 The Peak.

19c Cameron Road, Kowloon. Y.M.C.A., Kowloon.

3 Humphreys Building, Kowloon.

74в Nathan Road. 13A McDonnell Road. Exchange Building.

The Peak.

3 Cambay Building, Kowloon.

Accountant, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld. 8 The Peak. Grimble & Co. ....................

Assistant, Gibb, Livingston & Co., Ld. Sharebroker, J. F. Gröse Assistant, Bodiker & Co..

Shipwright & Diver, H.K. & Whampoa

Dock Co., Ld....

Master Mariner, H.K. & Whampoa Dock

Co., Ld.

Acct, Equitable Eastern Banking Corpn. Clerk, H.K. Electric Co., Ld....... Assistant, E. D. Sassoon & Co., Ld.

Manager, Netherlands Harbour Works Co. Asst., Union Ince. Socty, of Canton, Ld... Asst., H.K. & Whampoa Dock Co., Ld... Clerk, W. A. Hannibal & Co. Assistant, H. M. H. Nemazee Bookkeeper, The Bank Line, Ld.

On premises.

103 The l'eak.

55 Conduit Road.

Ellenbad Villa, Sassoon Road.

Kowloon Docks.

Kowloon Docks. On premises.

37 Granville Road, Kowloon. 15 Morrison Gap.

533 The Peak. Union Building. Kowloon Docks.

1 Saifee Terrace, Kowloon. 32 Pilkem Street. 110 Kowloon Tong:

Asst., H.K. & Whampoa Dock Co., Ld... Kowloon Docks.

NAME IN FULL.

OCCUPATION.

ADDRESS.

Hailey, Guy

Hale, William Eric

Hall, Frederick Winsloe

Hall, George Albert Victor Hall, James

Hall, William

Hallgren, Johorn Haimer

Gideon

Ham, Charles Rutherford

Chun

Ham, William Goon Chun Hamblin, Frederick

Hammond, Herbert William Hampton, Horatio Hamson, Arthur Bird Hanlon, Edwin Hannan, Robert

Hannibal, Walter Albert Hansen, James Ernest Hansen, Wallace John Harber, Stanley Harneik, Ernst-August.. Harper, Wallace.......... Harris, Richard Victorio Harris, William Douglas Harrison, Cyril George Harrop, Joseph Harteam. Hasim... Hartridge, Sydney Horace Harvey, David

Harvey, David

Hassan, Ali.....

Hassan, Dollup

Hassan, Ishaat

Hassan, Moosa Hast, Victor Hatt, Charles Hausammann, Ernest.. Hawke, William Roy. Hawker, James Bentley Hawker, Walter John....

....

Hayes, George Brine. Hayes, Sidney George Hazeland, Ernest Manning Heard, Augustine John Purcell Heckkel, Otto......

Hedley, George Pattinson.... Hedley, William Pattinson Hemsworth, Garrett Henderson, George Henderson, John Melville.

Hendriksen, Hendrikus

Martinus

Henrikssen, Haakon Jebsen Henry, James Edward Hepburn, Robert Kirke,

Heron, Arthur William

Herridge, Frank Gordon Hevey, Arthur...

Hewlitt, Arthur George Hickling, Clement Chinery

Electric Engineer, H.K. Electric Co., Ld. Assistant, China Underwriters, Ld. Asst. Manager, South British Insurance

Co., Ld.

Architect, Hall & Hall

Assistant, H.K. & Shanghai Bank.... Architect, Hall & Hall...

Manager, Swedish Trading Co.

Assistant, Williamson & Co.... Clerk, Williamson & Co.

District Engineer, China Light & Power

Co. (1918), L

Ld.

Traffic Supt., H.K. Tramways, Ld. Assistant, Lane, Crawford, Ld. Assistant, H. Scott & Co.

Engineer, Dairy Farm I. & C. S. Co., Ld. Meter Inspector, China Light & Power

Co. (1918), Ld.

Merchant, W. A. Hannibal & Co. Foreman, Taikoo Dockyard......... Merchant, John Manners & Co., Ld....... Asst., Asiatic Petroleum Co. (S.C.), Ld.. Clerk, Jebsen & Co........

Managing Director, Wallace Harper & Co. Assistant, Mackinnon, Mackenzie & Co... Sub-Acct., National City Bank of N.Y... Assistant, S. Moutrie & Co....... Assistant, James H. Blackhouse, Ld....... Clerk, National City Bank of New York. Inspector, H.K. Tramways, Ld... Assistant, United Asbestos Oriental

Agency Ld.

Assistant, John Manners & Co., Ld. Clerk. H.K. Electric Co., Ld. Assistant, H. Wicking & Co. Clerk, H.K. Electric Co., Ld. Clerk, H.K. Electric Co., Ld.

Asst., H.K. & Whampoa Dock Co., Ld... Tel. Engineer, H.K. Telephone Co., Ld... Merchant, Keller, Kern & Co., Ld... Asst., H.K. & Shanghai Hotels, Ld. Architect, Grey & Hawker Managing Director, H.K. & Shanghai

Hotels, Ld

Assistant, Dairy Farm I. & C. S. Co., Ld. Manager, Dunlop Rubber Co., Ld. Architect, E. M. Hazeland & Gonella Assistant, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld. Manager, G. E. Huygen Assistant, Central Agency, Ld. Assistant, H.K. & W'poa Dock Co., Ld....... Agent, Canadian National Railways...... Carpenter, H.K. & W'poa Dock Co., Ld. Passenger Agent, Canadian Pacific

S.S. Co.......

Clerk, Oriental Tobacco Manufactory Assistant, Wallem & Co...................... Manager, Reuters, Ld..

Manager, Commercial Union Assurance

Co., Ld.

Craft Supt., H.K. & Kowloon W. & G.

Co., La.

Assistant, W. R. Loxley & Co. Assistant, Fitting Department, H.K. &

China Gas Co., Ld.

Architect, A. G. Hewlitt... Assistant, Butterfield & Swire

Causeway Hill Quarters, No. 1. 7/9 Cameron Road.

On premises.

45 Conduit Road. On premises.

27 Robinson Road.

On premises.

35 Kowloon Tong.

308 Nathan Road, 2nd Floor.

Yaumati Sub-Station.

2 Fung Fai Terrace, Top Floor. Y.M.C.A.

4 Leighton Hill Road. East Point Works.

4 Hankow Road, Repulse Bay Hotel. Quarry Bay. On premises.

A.P.C. Installation North Point. On premises. Ou premises. On premises. 10 Peak Road.

1 Kimberly Villas, Kowloon. 15 Macdonnell Road.

13 Fung Wong Terrace. 11 East Point Terrace.

la Armend Building.

On premises.

20 Russell Street, 1st Floor. Nanking Street,

39 Sharp Street East, Ground floor, 39 Sharp Street East, Ground floor. On premises.

la Banoo Building. Hotel Metropole. Peninsula Hotel. On premises.

Peak Hotel.

| Dairy Farm, Pokfulum...

2 Cambay Building.

1 Robinson Road On premises. 18 Felix Villas.

2 Waverley Terrace. Kowloon Docks. Repulse Bay Hotel. Kowloon Docks.

Peninsula Hotel.

On premises. 13 Bowen Road. Hotel Metropole.

294 Peak.

29 Humphreys Buildings.

42 Humphreys Buildings, Kowloon.

On premises.

Mount View, Sassoon Rd., Pokfulum 3 Branksome Towers.

NAME IN FULL.

OCCUPATION.

H-Continued.

ADDRESS.

Highet, Lan Hugh Campbell.. Banker, H.K. & Shanghai Bank.... Hille, Max Felix

Merchant, China Export-Import &

Hillier, Wilfred Samuel......... Hills, Herbert Stuart.. Hinton, John Reginald Hirst, William Walter Ho Chung-chow... Ho lu

Ho Kei

Ho Kwong

Ho Leung

Ho Ming-hin,

Ho Shiugné.... Ho Tze Koon

Ho Wing...

•

Hoare, Charles Hector. Hoare, John

Hoare, Robert Edward ..... Hodge, Lewis Edwin Sotheron Holland, Edward Lester Holm, Julius

Holmes, Charles Ellwood Hope, Stewart

Horder, Arnold Morley Horidge, George Redvers

Hosie, Edward Lumsden Howard, Henry John Howard, Herbert George

Howard, William James Howell, Arthur Humphreys, Alfred David. Humphreys, John David Hung Hing-fat

Hunter, Henry James Hunt, John Herbert

Hunter, James

Hunter, Robert

Bank Co.......

Assistaut, Lane, Crawford & Co., Ld.............. Exchange Broker, Layton & Co... Assistant, Butterfield & Swire Manager, Steam Laundry Co., Ld. Clerk, National City Bank of New York. Merchant, Mercantile Bank of India Merchant, E. D. Sassoon & Co., Ld............... Merchant, E. D. Sassoon & Co., Ld..... Merchant, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld........ Assistant, Pathé Orient Assistant, Wallen & Co.

Compradore, Banner & Co.. Ld..... Merchant, Hong Kong Bank Assistant, Dragon Motor Car Co, Ld. Office Gunner, Mackinnon, Mackenzie

& Co.

Engineer, H.K. & W'poa Dock Co., Ld... Asst, H.K. Tug & Lighter Co., Ld. Works Supt., H.K. & China Gas Co....... Asst., Union Ince. Socty. of Canton, Ld... Acct., Dodwell & Co.

Draughtsman, Taikoo Dockyard. Manager, Connell Bros.

Assistant, Imperial Chemical Industries

(China), Ld.

Secrety., H.K. & Whampoa Dock Co., Ld. Assistant, Standard Oil Co.

Acct., H.K. & Kowloon Wharf &

Godown Co., Ld...........................

On premises.

6 Felix Villas, Mount Davis Road,

Pokfulum.

Y.M.C.A. Kowloon. Ou premises. On premises.

3 Observatory Villas, Kowloon. 5 Cadogan Street. On premises.. French Building. French Building, On premises.

8 Pilkem Street, 1st Floor.

2 Morrison Hill Road.

55 Des Voeux Road Central. On premises.

6 Koon Ma Terrace.

On premises. Kowloon Docks. On premises. On premises. Union Building. Metropole Hotel. Quarry Bay.

13A Macdonnell Road.

On premises. Kowloon Docks.

4 Village Road.

Kingsclere Hotel, Kowloon.

Freight Clerk, Canadian Pacific S.S. Co... 66 Parkes Street, Kowloon.

Secretary, Wm. Powell, Ld.

Assistant, Dodwell & Co., Ld...

Merchant, J. D. Humphreys & Son

Assistant Compradore, H.K. & Kowloon

W. & G. Co., Ld.

Engineer, Bradley & Co., Ld. Secretary, Y.M.C.A. Kowloon

Supt. Fittings Dept., H.K. & China Gas

Co., L.

Engineer, MacDonald & Hunter..

Hyndman, Henrique Antonio Clerk, Mercantile Bank of India

On premises.

17 Connaught Road.

On premises.

2 Prospect Place, Boubam Road.

2 Queen's Road Central,

On premises.

12 Humphrey's Buildings.

209 Wanchai Road.

Im Pak-hai..................

Ingram, Archibald Willtam

Ip Fook Ling

Ip Hang Fong

Ip Hin Fong

Ip Kau-ko..

Ireland, Alexander... Ireland, Hubert Upshon Ismail, Abdul Somath . Ismail, Omar

Ismail, Sheik Dawood Ismail, Sheik Hassan.... Ismail, Sheik Rumjahn. Iu Nim-sik

Ju Tak-chung..

Compradore, G. E. Huygen

Assistant Secretary, Y.M.C.A. Kowloon Clerk, Lane, Crawford, Ld...... Agent's Manager, Compagnie Optorg Asst., Compagnie Optorg Clerk, Bank of Canton, Ld. Engineer, H.K. Telephone Co., Ld. Asst., Butterfield & Swire Clerk, H.K. Electric Co., Ld.

14 Wellington Street. On premises.

10 On Wo Lane. 20 Lan Kwai Fong. 20 Lan Kwai Fong.

269 Wanchai Road, 2nd Floor.. Metropole Hotel.

3 Branksome Towers. 6 Hau Fung Terrace. 43 Sharp Street East. Moreton Terrace.

Clerk, National City Bank of New York. Assistant, Andersen, Meyer & Co., Ld.... Clerk, National City Bank of New York. 1 Po Sien Street, 2nd Floor. Asst., H.K. & K'loon W. & G. Co., Ld... 3 Moreton Terrace. Clerk, National City Bank of New York. 44A Lyndhurst Terrace. Civil Engineer, J. Caer Clark.....

11 Kennedy Street.

NAME IN FULL.

OCCUPATION.

ADDRESS.

Jack, Lawrence

Jackson, William

Jaeger, Hermann

James, Frederick William.. Jan Shiu Tse

Jeffreys, Arthur Charles Jenkins, John Rees Jenner, Frederick James Henry

Jennings, Percival John Jeu, Tien Liang...... Johannessen, Reidar Johnson, John

......

Johnson, Marcus Theodore Johnston, William Jackson Johnston, William Murray...

Johnstone, James Robert

Jones, Henry Stephen Jorge, Heitor Telles Jue, Dune

June, James Kim Fook:

Juster, Andrew William

Assistant, Standard Oil Co... Secretary, Kowloon Tong & N. T.

Development Co., Ld.

Clerk, A. Goeke & Co.

Marine Dept., Butterfield & Swire Asst., Imperial Chemical Industries

(China), Ld.

Engineer, H.K. Telephone Co., Ld... HK. Amusements, Ld........ Boatswain, H.K. & Whampoa Dock

Co., Lư....

Acct., Vacuum Oil Co. Engineer, H.K. Electric Co., Ld.. Manager, Wallen & Co. Store-keeper, Taikoo Dockyard .... Per Pro., Mackinnon, Mackenzie & Co.... Store-keeper, Taikoo Dockyard Head Time-keeper, H.K. & Whampoa

Dock Co., Ld.....

Asst., Imperial Chemical Industries

(China), Lit.

Accountant, H.K. Electric Co., Ld. Asst., Reuter, Brockelmanu & Co. Clerk, Bank of Canton, Ld.

Y.M.C.A.,

Kowloon.

On premises. On premises. 6 The Peak.

On premises.

2 King's Park Building.

1 Duddell Street.

Kowloon Docks.

No. 1 1.0.D, Block, Kennedy Town. 38B Bonham Road. Repulse Bay Hotel. Quarry Bay. On premises. Quarry Bay.

Kowloon Docks.

Un premises.

11 Carnarvon Building, Kowloon.

2 Saifee Terrace.

5 Aberdeen Street.

Asst., H.K. & Kloon W. & G. Co., Ld... 2 & 3 Ashley Road, Kowloon. Clerk, Taikoo Dockyard

Quarry Bay.

Kader, Abdoul Rahim Kailey, William Kastmann, Karl

Keeley, Bernard James Keith, Allan

Keith, David Luckie...

Keller, Harry Kelly, George....

Kempton, John

Kendrew, John Antony Ernest Kennedy, Arthur Cecil

Keown, Richard McArthur Kerley, Victor George Kern, Ernest ...

Kerr, William.....

Kew, Artbur James

Kew,

Cecil

Kew, Henry

Keyser, Jan Hendrik. Khai Tiong-yap......... Khau, Juman

Kinchin, Albert Victor...

King, James

King, Marion Bailey Kinloch, David Robertson.... Kinnaird, John Daniel

Kirkwood, Robert

Knauff, Ernest ...... Knight, John Stephen Knight, Thomas Leonard Knopp, Joseph..... Ko Yau-cheong

Ko Yuen-heung

Clerk, Chartered Bank..

Assistant, Standard Oil Co. ............. Assistant, John Manuers & Co. ...

...12 Davis Street, Kennedy Town.

Laichikok Installation

Asst., Asiatic Petroleum Co. (S.C.), Ld.. Secretary, Green Island Cement Co. Shipwright, H.K. & Whampoa Dock

Co., Ld.

Merchant, Keller, Kern & Co., Ld................. Stenographer, Freight Department,

Canadian Pacific Steamships, Ld....... Electrician, H.K. & W'poa Dock Co., Ld. Asst., Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld. Marine Superintendent, Jardine,

Matheson & Co., Ld. Draughtsman, Taikoo Dockyard Electrical Engineer, H.K. Electric Co., Ld. Merchant, Keller, Kern & Co., Ld..... Foreman, Taikoo Dockyard

Assistant, Andersen, Meyer & Co., Ld.... Assistant, American Express Co. Secretary, Rudolf Wolff & Kew, Ld. Acct., Java-China-Japan Lijn.... Clerk, Mercantile Bank of India... Assistant, H.K. & K. W. & G. Co., Ed... Stables Manager, H.K. Jockey Club

Stables...

7 Queen's Road Central. A.P.C. Installation, Taikoktsui. On premises.

Kowloon Docks. Hong Kong Hotel.

20 Staunton Street. Kowloon Docks. 8 The Peak.

Peak Hotel. Quarry Bay.

1 Duddell Street. Peninsula Hotel. Quarry Bay.

64 Kowloon Tong. On premises.

8 Castle Road.

13 Knutsford Terrace.

3 Po Yuen Lane.

1 & 2 Ashley Road, Kowloon.

On 'premises.

2 Aimai Villas, Kowloon.

... 6 Koon Ma Terrace, Happy Valley.

376 The Peak.

H.K. & K. W. & G. Co., Ld. Director, Dragon Motor Car Co., \Ed. Accountant, Chartered Bank Manager, Davie Boag Co., Ld. Engineer, H.K. Telephone Co., Ld.. Secretary, Oriental Tobacco Manufactory. Transhipping Clerk, Dollar S.S. Co....... Assistant, American Express Co. Engineer, H.K. Excavation Co., Ed. ..... Stenographer, Reiss, Massey & 'Co... Assistant, P. & O. Banking Corporation.

12 Broadwood Road.

21 Humphreys Building. On premises.

38c Robinson Road. On premises. Kowloon Hotel.

20 Mosque Street, 1st Floor. 53 Elgin Street.

NAME IN FULL.

OCCUPATION.

ADDRESS.

K—Continued.

Kristofersen, Proitz Kwok Chau-kwan Kwong Loong

Kwok, Peter Kingson Kwong Yin Pun

Kylling, William Henry

Assistant, Thoresen & Co., Lu, Accountant, Bank of East Asia, Ld.. Clerk, Mackinnon, Mackenzie & Co. Director, Fook On Wing, L........... Clerk, P. & O. Banking Corpn., Ld. Assistant, Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld.

Empress Lodge. On premises. On premises. On premises.

8 Luen Fat Street. On premises.

Labrum, Victor Charles....... Lacon, Bernard John....... Lafleur, Franciscus Hucertus Joseph Alphonsus

Lai Im-to

Lai Im-tong

Lai Sin-chau Lai Yat Chuen Lai Yim

Lai Yun-kau Laidlaw, Errington Laing, John

Lam Cinen Sang Lam Hew-cho.. Lam Hing-sang Lam Kai-chi

Lam Kwong-sik Lam Mau-chi Lam Tit-hong

Lam Wai-man.....

Lam Woo

Lamb, Harry James Lamb, William Graham.. Lambelet, Adrien

Lamburn, John Battersby

Cromption

Lammert, Alfred Herbert Lammert, Lionel Eugene Landolt, Harry Richard... Landolt, John..........

Landolt, Joseph Savage.. Landsbert, Albert Leslie

Lane, Alfred James Lanepart, Herbert Edward

Lang, Kenyon James........ Langston, Arthur Golden

Lanyon, John Burrill.... Lapsley, Robert ..... Larcina, Angelo Maria Large, Milford Henry Larsen, Christian Andrew. Lasham, Hubert Hope Lasonder, Nicoloas Willem

Laughton, Arthur.... Lau Fook-ki .

Lau Shiu-chuen Lau Tat-ting ... Laurel, Francisco Lauritsen, Christen

.....

Master Printer, Labrun, Ld.

49A Nathan Road.

Engineer, Jardine Engineering Corpn, Ld. 12 Felix Villas.

Acting Manager, Holland China

Trading Co......

8 Granville Road, Kowloon. 209 Kowloon Tong, Kowloon.

141 Queen's Road West. On premises.

Manager, Oriental Commercial Co. Asst.. Union Ince. Socty, of Canton, Ld....Union Building. Clerk, National City Bank of New York. Compradore, Robertson, Wilson & Co., Ld. Clerk, H.K. & Shanghai Hotels, Ld....... Clerk, H.K. Telephone Co., Ld..... Assistant, Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld. Foreman, Taikoo Dockyard Clerk, Goeke & Co.....

Assistant, Union Trading Co., Ld. Asst., Union Ince. Socty, of Canton, Ld... Clerk, H.K. Tramways, L.

Clerk, Mackinnon, Mackenzie & Co. Asst., Union Ince. Socty. of Canton, Ld... Clerk, Sun Life Assurance Co. Book-keeper, Kowloon Tong and New

Territories Development Co., Ld...... Principal, Lam Woo & Co.

Manager, Arthur & Co. (Export), Ld. Assistant, Butterfield & Swire............. Cashier, Equitable Eastern Banking

Corporation..

Assistant, Butterfield & Swire..... Clerk, John Manners Co., Ld.............................. Auctioneer & Surveyor, Lammert Bros.... Assistant, Pathe Orient

Clerk, Sander, Wieler & Co.

| Stenographer, Canadian Pacific S.S., Ld...

Electrical Engineer, Reiss, Massey

& Co.

Architect, A. J. Lane

Assistant, Dairy Farm Ice & Cold

Storage Co., Ld.....

Assistant, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld.. Electrical Engineer, H.K. Electric

Co., Ld.

Assistant, Butterfield & Swire.... Asst., H.K. & Whampoa Dock Co., Ld.... Assistant, Gibb, Livingston & Co. Manager, Duro Motor Co.

Sub-Acct., National City Bank of N.Y.... Engineer, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld... Asst., Nederlandsch Indische Handels-

bank

Assistant, James H. Backhouse, Ld. Salesman, General Electric Co. of

China, Ld.

Asst. Manager, Hong Kong Trading Co. Clerk, Mackinnon, Mackenzie & Co. Assistant, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld... Managing Director, Dragon Motor Car

Co., Ld.

Hong Kong Hotel.

1 On Hing Terrace, 2nd Floor. A.P.C. Installation N. Point. Quarry Bay. On premises. 87. High Street. Union Building.

21 Western Street, 3rd Floor. On premises. On premises.

On premises.

723 Nathan Road. On premises.

15A Macdonnell Road. 184 The Peak.

On premises.

On premises. On premises.

6 Granville Road, Kowloon, 583 Nathan Road.

583 Orient Buildings, Nathan Road. 581 Orient Building, Kowloon.

17 Jordan Road, Kowloon. On premises.

10 Bowring Street, Kowloon. 4 Jubilee Street, Top Floor.

287 The Peak. 15 Cameron Road. Kowloon Docks,

10 Granville Road, Kowloon. On premises. 18 Peak Road. Peninsula Hotel, Kowloon.

4 Carnarvon Building. Y.M.C.A., Kowloon.

6 Lamont Lane, Top Floor. On premises. On premises.

579 Nathan Road, Kowloon.

18 Macdonnell Road.

NAME IN FULL.

OCCUPATION.

ADDRESS.

L-Continued.

Laver, Hubert Norman.... Law, Robert Colville................ Lawrence, Edward Daniel.. Lawrence, George Alfred

Lay, Shuk Chuen. Leach, Arthur

Leckie, William Fletcher Lecot, Alphons

Lee Chin-fen

Lee, Francis.....

Lee, George

Lee Hau-shing Lee, Johnson.... Lee, Joseph William.. Lee, Koon Kang Lee Lam Ping

Lee, Rodney

Lee Shiu-kai.

Lee Wa-chue

Lee Wai-cheong.

Lee Yuk-quan.. Leem Ping-lee

Lees, Egbert Anthony Leitao, Eduardo Ignacio Read. Leite, Louis Augustus Pitter Lennox, Henry Hutchison Leon, Cezar Augusto.... Leon, Luiz Francisco.. Leong, Ernest.....

Leong Hing-kee, Augusto..... Leong Hing-kee, Peter Lesdos, Lucien Jean Armand.. Leung Chin-tong Leung Hew-fung

Leung Pong-im

Leung Po-shan

Leung Sik-kai...........

Leung Tsai.

Leung Yau-cheung..

Leur, Dirk Laurens de

Asst.. Union Ince. Socty. of Canton, Ld... Assistant, Butterfield & Swire Assistant, Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld................ Manager, S. W. Factory, A. S. Watson

& Co..

Managing Director, Lay & Co. Sales Manager, Vacuum Oil Co. Asst., Union Ince. Socty. of Canton, Ld... Manager, Banque de l'Indo-Chine Asst., H.K. & K'loon W. & G. Co., Ld... Clerk, Java-China-Japan Liju Assistant, Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld. Asst., Union Ince. Socty, of Canton, Ld... Sub-Accountant, Bank of Canton, Ld. Clerk, Java-China-Japan Liju Sub-Accountant, Bank of East Asia Assistant, A. J. Lane.

Assistant, Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld. Merchant, R. H. Kotewall & Co. Assistant, Shewan, Tomes & Co. Clerk, J. D. Humphreys & Son Chinese Agent, Canadian Pacific S S., Ld. Assistant, A. J. Lane

Asst., Union Ince. Soety. of Canton, Ld... Assistant, China Underwriters, Ld. Assistant, Dairy Farm I. & C. S. Co., Ld. Accountant, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld. Clerk, H.K. & Shanghai Bank... Clerk, H.K. & Shanghai Bank............. Clerk, National City Bank of New York.. Proprietor, Hing Kee & Co. Proprietor, Hing Kee & Co. Manager, Messageries Maritimes.... Clerk, Carl Bodiker & Co. Clerk, Anders & Ashe..... Clerk, James H. Backhouse, Ld. Clerk, Lane, Crawford, Ld..

Asst., Union Ince. Socty. of Canton, Ld... Manager, Banker & Co., Ld.

Asst., Union Ince. Socty, of Canton, Ld... Sub-Accountant, Nederlandsche Handel

Maatschappy

Levcovich, Basil Ivanovitch... Engineer, H.K. Excavation Co.

Li Chiu-lung

Li Fook-shun

Li Hoi-tung

Li Jow-son Li Pao-liu

Li Shu-fong

Li Sui-wing

Li Tse-fong..

Li Tung

Li Wan-kum

Lin Tienmu K.

Linenen, Frederick.. Ling Man-lai

Litton, John Letablere

Lo Chan-ting

Lo Chung-wan

Lo Fen-jong

Lo Ho-yeung

Lo Kan.

Lo Kim-san.

Lo Kwan-wai

Lo Man-pan

Lo Po-yin

Clerk, Mackinnon, Mackenzie & Co. .... Clerk, P. & O. Banking Corporation Managing Director, Banker & Co., Ld.... Director, A. B. Moulder & Co., Ld. Sub-Manager, Industrial and Commercial

Bank, Ld.

Sub-Accountant, Bank of Canton, Ld. Compradore, Davie, Boag & Co., Ld.... Manager, Bank of East Asia, Ld. Sub-Accountant, Bank of East Asia, Ld. Secretary, A. B. Moulder & Co., Ld.. General Manager, Industrial and

Commercial Bank, Ld.

Union Building. On premises. On premises.

Aerated Water Factory, North Point. On premises. Peninsula Hotel. Union Building. On premises.

4 & 5 Ashley Road, Kowloon. 16 Morrison Gap. On premises. On premises.

182 Woosung Street.

24 Tung Hing Road, Kowloon, On premises.

On premises.

13 Babington Path.

12 Bowing Street, 2nd floor, K'loon. On premises.

569 Orient Buildings, Kowloon. 32 Gage Street, 2nd Floor. On premises.

267 Kowloon Tong.

3 ~aifee Terrace, Kowloon.

194 Sassoon Road, Pokfulum. On premises. On premises.

4 Prospect Place.

Ou premises.

Ou premises

9 Felix Villas.

23 Potting Street.

13 Staunton Street, 1st Floor.

3 Chi Wo Street, 1st Floor, Yaumati.

61 Praya East.

Union Building.

18 Li Yuen Street West. Union Building.

Netherlands Trading Society. 568 Nathan Road. On premises.

21 Graham Street. 17 Babington Path. 105 Austin Road, Kowloon.

On premises.

2 Tramway Path. 13 Irving Street.

On premises. On premises.

50 Tainan Street.

45 Kowloon Tong.

Asst., Dairy Farm I. & C. Storage Co., Ld. Sailors Home, West Point.

Per Pro, Bank of East Asia, Ld.

Assistant, Benjamin & Potts....

Broker, A. Goeke & Co.

Compradore, Nederlandsche Handel

Maatschappy

Clerk. China Light and Power Co.

(1918), Ld

On premises.

239 Nathan Road, Kowloon. On premises.

Netherlands Trading Society.

51 Parkes Street, 2nd Floor.

Assistant, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld...] 20 Eastern Street, West Point.

H.K. Amusements, Ld.

Compradore, Carl Bodiker & Co.

Assistant, Lane, Crawford, Ld.

Share Broker, M. P. Lo

Business Manager, Bank of China, Ld.

On premises.

56 Queen's Road West. 222 Queen's Road East.

81 Robinson Road.

57 Pokfulum Road.

NAME IN FULL.

Occupation,

ADDRESS.

L—Continued.

Lo Yuk-tong Lobel, Frank

Logan, Colin Roberts Lommen, Franz Hubert

Friedrich Marie

Longfield, Stuart Loo Jen Ming......

Look Poong-shan Lopes, Carlos Augusto Lopes, Dellano Vicente.. Lopes, Dinarte Ferrer Lopes, Secondino Antonio.............. Loureiro, Francisco José da

Silva

Loureiro, Francisco Alpoim Love, Herbert Jack Lowcock, Henry Low, George Low, Victor Thomas Low, William Cecil

Lowrie, John

......

Lowy, Frank Lionel Lubeseder, Hans

Lucey, Ambrose Noel Lui Chung-sun Luke, Owen....

Lukyao, Heury

Lunny, James Francis Luz, Alvaro Augusto da

Luz, Edwardo Guilherme da

Luz, Frederico Gustavo da Luz, Jose Alberto da.........

Managing Director, Bakilly & Co., Ltd... Assistant, E. D. Sassoon & Co., Ld. Asst., H.K. & Whampoa Dock Co., Ld...

Nederlandsch Indische Handelsbank Electrical Engineer, Electric Co., Ld.. Assistant Manager, Industrial and

Commercial Bank, Ld.

Chief Manager, Bank of Canton, Ld. Assistant, Bank Line, L. Clerk, H.K. & Shanghai Bank Assistant, Standard Oil Co. Chief Clerk, H.K. Tramways, Ld.

Book-keeper, H.K. & Shanghai Bank.. Clerk, H.K. & Shanghai Bank Wireless Instructor, Butterfield & Swire. Assistant, Kotewall & Co. Assistant, Shewan, Tomes & Co. Engineer, Palmer & Turner Assistant, T. E. Griffith, Ld.

Office Gunner, Mackinnon, Mackenzie

& Co.

19 Kennedy Road. 176 The Peak. Cosmopolitan Docks.

4 Carnarvon Building, Kowloon. H.E.C. Quarters, Duddell Street.

On premises.

6 Western Terrace, Caine Road. 9 Hankow Road, Kowloon. On premises.

10 Ashley Road.

53 Granville Road, Kowloon.

H. & S. B. C.

On premises.

Y.M.C.A., Kowloon.

On premises.

30 Jordan Road, Top Floor. The Kowloon Dairy, Kowloon. H. K. B. S. Headquarters, Lower

Albert Road.

On premises. ... On premises.

Assistant, Asiatic Petroluem Co., Ld. Assistant, China Export and Import and

Bank, Co., Ld.

Civil Engineer. H.K. Electric Co., Ld.... Assistant, J. M. Alves & Co. Chinese Ince. Manager, Reiss, Massey

& Co.

Mechanic, HI.K. Engineering & Con-

struction Co., Ld.

Engineer, H.K. Electric Co., Ld. Clerk, H.K. & Shanghai Bank

Asst., Union Ince. Socty, of Canton, Ld.. Clerk, P. & O. Banking Corporation Assistant, Nederlandsche Handel

Maatschappy

Luz, José Maria de Lourdes... Assistant, Standard Oil Co..............

Lyle, David.....

Foreman, Taikoo Dockyard...

6 Felix Villas. Hong Kong Club.

47 Caine Road, 2ad floor.

8 Arbuthnot Road.

12 Tung Hing Street, Mongkok. Causeway Hill Quarters, No. 6. On premises.

On premises.

2 Peace Avenue, Homuntin.

On premises.

4 Saifee Terrace. Quarry Bay.

Ma Fung-shu

Ma Wai-lum

Maas, Martin Mortimer.. Macadam, David James MacArthur, Andrew

MacArthur, Neil.......

Macaskill, Kenneth Roderick.. Macaulay, Alastair Murray Macfarlane, Alexander

Macfarlane, William

MacIndoe, Andrew...

Mackay, Charles

Mackenzie, Alexander

Mackenzie, Allan

Surveyor, Kowloon Tong & New Terri-

tories Development Co., Ld...

Secretary, A. B. Moulder & Co., Ld.................] Assistant, Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld. Assistant, Central Agency, Ld. Clerk, Taikoo Dockyard.... Foreman, Taikoo Dockyard......

Asst., H.K. & Whampoa Dock Co., Ld... Assistant, Butterfield & Swire Engineer, Dairy Farm I. & C. Storage

Co., Ld.

Engineer, Dairy Farm I. & C. Storage

Co., Lủ.

Draughtsman, Tafkoo Dockyard.

Timekeeper, Taikoo Dockyard Assistant, Standard Oil Co..................

Asst., Dairy Farm I. & C. Storage Co., Ld.

Mackenzie, Andrew Neilson... Assistant Engineer, H.K. & Kowloon

Mackenzie, David.....

Wharf & Godown Co., Ld. Engineer, H.K. & Kowloon Wharf &

Godown Co., Ld..............................

Lee Yuen Street. 54 Centre Street. On premises. 20 Peak Road. Quarry Bay. Quarry Bay.

Kowloon Docks.

5 Prat Buildings, Kowloon.

East Point Works.

31 Humphreys Building. Quarry Bay. Quarry Bay.

11 Jordan Road. Canton Road, Kowloon,

32 Humphreys Building.

NAME IN FULL.

OCCUPATION..

ADDRESS.

、,。

M-Continued.

Mackenzie, John Murdo

Mackichan, Alexander

Somerled.....

Mackintosh, Frederick Alexander ... MacKnight, John MacLean, David Laing Mac Monroe, Sheldon Madar, Ahmad Hussain.. Madar, Ahmed Osman Maher, Antonio Paulo

Maher, Antonio Sebastiao.....

Maitre, Camille Le.. Major, Harry Richard Mak Kam-chau

Mak Kam-fat

Mak Kam-yuk

Mak Siu-kai

Mak Yuet-sang Mancini, C....

.....

Manners, Charles Manners

Manners, John Manning, Ernest.....

Mansfield, William Robert de

Courcy Stanley Manton, Alfred Joseph Manuk, Malcolm

Marçal, Henrique Oscar.

Marcel, Charles Patrick... Mark Kei-chan Markar, Cassim Gaful

Marques, Francisco Luiz Marques, José Daniel Marriott, Henry

Marshall, Alexander Gray Marshall, Herbert Marshall

Marshall, Walter Basil Martin, Alfred Edgcombe...... Martin, Alfred John James Martin, Thomas Archdale. Massey, Brian Phillips Matchin, William James

Matthews, Charles Matthews, Lt.-Col. Ernest

Dudley

Mattos, Eduardo Augusto... Mattos, Jose de Oliveira Maurice, Matthew Stephen Maxwell, John Jex

May, Jur. George Thomas.. May, Oscar..... Mayes, Stanley Maurice

McAvoy, Dennis George McCartney, Andrew Earle...... McCormack, John McEachran, James Sutherland McGregor, Robert McHutchon, James Maitland... McIntosh, James Stuart

Steno.. Marine Dept., Canadian Pacific

S.S. Co., Ld.

Civil Engineer, Leigh & Orange

Manager, Mackintosh & Co., Ld. Manager, Mustard & Co., Ld...... Pansman, Taikoo Sugar Refinery Sub-Acct., National City Bank of N.Y. Assistant, Arculli Bros.

151 Kowloon Tong.

On premises.

270 The Peak.

70B Nathan Road, Kowloon. On premises.

18 Peak Road.

58 Kennedy Road.

13 Sau Wa Fong, Top Floor.

Asst., H.K. & Kowloon W. & G. Co., Ld. Ic Sharp Street. Clerk, H.K. Electric Co., Ld. Store-keeper, H.K. & Whampoa Dock

Co., Ld.

Sub-Manager, Banque de l'Indo Chine... Asst., Union Ince. Soety. of Canton, Ld... Clerk, Chartered Bank Clerk, Chartered Bank

Clerk, National City Bank of New York. Clerk, National City Bank of New York. Clerk, H.K. & China Gas Co., Ld...................... General Manager, Far East, Lyddon Co

Ld.

Asst. Manager, H.K. Kowloon Wharf &

Godown Co., L‹.

Merchant, John Manners & Co., Ld. Assistant, J. D. Hutchison & Co.

Asst., Union Ince. Socty. of Canton, Ld... Traffic Inspector, H.K. Tramways, Ld.... Secretary, Dairy Farm I. & C. S. Co., Ld. Clerk, Netherlandsche Indische

Commercial Bank Merchant, Pentreath & Co. Clerk, P. & O. Banking Corporation Clerk, Holland-China Trading Co.....

Asst., Union Ince. Socty. of Canton, Ld... Asst., H.K. & Whampoa Dock Co., Ld.... Sergt. of Police, H.K. & Whampoa Dock

Co., Ltd.

Clerk, Lane, Crawford, Ld. Showroom Salesman, H.K. Electric

Co., L.

Assistant, Butterfield & Swire

Assistant, Mackinnon, Mackenzie & Co... Accountant, Lowe, Bingham & Matthews Assistant, E. D. Sassoon, Ld. Banker, H.K. & Shanghai Bank... Engineer, H.K. & Whampoa Dock

Co., Ld.

Draughtsman, Taikoo Sugar Refinery

...

Secretary, Royal Golf Club....... Assistant, H.K. & Shanghai Bank Asst, Asiatic Petroleum Co. (S.C.), Ld. Clerk, American Express Co.

Asst., H.K. & K'loon W. & G. Co., Ld.... Assistant, Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld. Merchant, Carl Bodiker & Co. Merchant, British-American Tobacco

Co., Ld.

Assistant, Asiatic Petroleum Cos, Ld. Sub-Acet., P. & O. Banking Corporation Clerk, Taikoo Dockyard Sub-Manager, Chartered Bank Assistant, Butterfield & Swire Assistant, Butterfield & Swire Chief Draughtsman, HK. & Whampoa

Duck Co., Ld...

Kowloon Docks. On premises. On premises.

29 First Street, 2nd Floor. 29 Second Street, 2nd Floor. 7 Fuk Sau Lane, 1st Floor. 4 Po Hing Fong, 3rd Floor. Gas Co., West Point.

On premises.

4A Armend Building, Kowloon. 7 Queen's Road Central. 19 Babington Path.

Union Building.

Leighton Hill Road. Hotel Savoy.

558 Nathan Road, Kowloon. 175 Peak.

4 Tung Hing Road, Mongkok. 3 & 4 Bowrington Canal East,

Top Floor. On premises. Kowloon Docks.

On premises.

15 & 17 Bowrington Canal Road,

St. George's Hotel. 193 The Peak. On premises.

64A Nathan Road.

7 Branksome Towers. On premises.

Kowloon Docks.

On premises.

1 Ashley Road, Kowloon.

On premises.

Ellembad Villa, Sassoon Road.

1 Felix Villas. On premises. 664 Nathan Road. Quarry Bay.

360 The Peak. Peninsula Hotel. 523 The Peak.

Kowloon Docks.

NAME IN FULL.

OCCUPATION.

ADDRESS.

M-Continued.

McIntyre, Kenneth.... McIntyre, Robert Williams McKechnie, Hugh McKelvie, John..

McLaggan, James Ormiston..

McLennan, Kenneth Campbell. McLeod, George.... McNeillie, David McPherson, John Livingston.. McWhirter, Andrew Mead, George Denis Meffan, Norman Dunn Mehal, Ilaq Nawaz. Mebal, Wali Mohammed Melchers, Carl Gerhard..... Melchers, Christiaan Adrianus

Melchior, Hans Mellis, George Mende, Eugene

Merry, Frank Albert..... Meyer, Joseph George Meyer, Clarence Earle Middleton, Henry Miles, Charles Harry..

Millar, Andrew William Millard, Cyril Edwin.............

Miller, Horace Morgan Miller, John Finlay Miller, William Leslie Ernest.. Mills, Michael Edward Henry

Gray

Minu, Abdul Karim Mitchell, Alan Stephens Mitchell, George Edward Mitchell, George Nicol

Mitchell, John

Marine Dept., Butterfield & Swire

62A Nathan Road,

Kowloon.

Passenger Dept., Butterfield & Swire...... On premises. Engineer, Taikoo Sugar Refinery Boilermaker, H.K. & Whampoa Dock

Co., Ld.

Draughtsman, H.K. & Whampoa Dock

Co., Ld.

Draughtsman, Taikoo Dockyard. Foreman, Taikoo Dockyard. Foreman, Taikoo Dockyard Secretary, Chinese Y.M.C.A. Assistant, aikoo Sugar Refinery. Banker, H.K. & Shanghai Bank Foreman, Taikoo Dockyard..... Clerk, H.K. Electric Co., Ld. Clerk, Banque de l'Indo-Chine Partner, Melchers & Co. Assistant, Nederlandsch Indische

Handelsbank

Clerk, Carlowitz & Co. Jeweller, Falconer & Co., Ld. Building Supt., H.K. Land Investment

& Agency Co., Ld........

Merchant, John Dickinson & Co., Ld. Assistant, Mackintosh & Co. Attorney, Standard Oil Co........ Manager, China Sugar Refining Co. ...... Inspector, China Light & Power Co.

(1918), Ld.

Clerk of Works, Leigh & Orange Store-keeper, H.K. & Whampoa Dock

Co., Lư.

Wharfinger, H.K. & Kowloon W. & G. Co. Engineer, Bradley & Co... Assistant, Butterfield & Swire

•

Banker, H.K. & Shanghai Bank.. Clerk, H.K. Electric Co., Ld. Asst., Union Ince. Socty. of Canton, Ld... Insurance Dept., Butterfield & Swire.. Engineer, H.K. & Whampoa Dock

Co., Ld.

Assistant, Taikoo Sugar Refinery

Mitchell, Thomas Mordey..... Assistant Engineer, China Light &

Moe, Joseph Krogh

Mohammed, Abdul Gunni.

Mok Ching-um

Mok Wai Leung.

Mok Yew-cho.......

Monaghan, Thomas

Christopher Monie, Edgar Neil. Montargis, Maurice Jean

Baptiste..... Montalto de Jesus, Diniz Alecto Monteiro, Francisco Xavier... Moodie, Robert Park.

Moon, Henry William-

Mooney, Philip

Moor, Oswold..

Power Co. (1918), Ld.

Captain, Thoresen & Co., Ld... Clerk, H.K. Electric Co., Ld. Assistant Compradore, Holts Wharf Compradore, A. Goeke & Co.......... Asst., Union Ince. Soety of Canton, Ld...

Catering Supt., Canadian Pacific S.S., Ld. Sub-Manager, National City Bank of N.Y.

Exchange Broker

Clerk, Dollar S. S. Co. Assistant, Botelho Bros.

Assistant, H.K. & Shanghai Bank..

Assistant, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld. Assistant, J. D. Hutchison & Co. Assistant, Butterfield & Swire...

Moore, Brinsley John de Beez. Assistant, Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld.

Moore, Edward

Moraes, John

Morris, Joseph Wheeler

Morris, Walter James

Morrison, George

Morrison, Malcolm

Morrison, Peter

Foreman, Taikoo Dockyard

Architect, China Building

On premises.

Kowloon Docks.

Quarry Bay.

Quarry Bay. Ou premises.

Taikoo Sugar Refinery. On premises. Quarry Bay.

7 Chi Wo Street, Kowloon. On premises. On premises.

Peninsula Hotel, Kowloon. Cameron Road.

15A Macdonnell Road.

Metropole Hotel. Peak Hotel.

1 Albion Terrace, Kowloon. 18 Peak Road. On premises.

4 Hankow Road. Ou premises.

Kowloon Docks.

21 Cameron Road, Kowloon. Peak Hotel.

Empress Lodge, Kowloon.

On premises.

8 Lamonts Lane, 2nd Floor. Union Building.

176 The Peak.

On premises.

Ou premises.

On premises.

Peak Hotel.

204 Praya East.

8 Queen's Road Central, 2nd Floor. On premises. Union Building.

292 The Peak.

Bungalow No. 1, Repulse Bay.

French Building.

1 The Albany.

5 Nanking Street.

On premises.

507 The Peak.

324 Nathan Road, Kowloon.

4 Tregunter Mansion.

...

On premises.

Quarry Bay.

Asst. Pass. Agent, Admiral Orient Line... Overseer, H.K. Land Investment &

Agency Co., Ld........

Foreman, Taikoo Dockyard.

Foreman, Taikoo Dockyard..

Asst., Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld.

On premises.

21 Humphreys Building, Kowloon.

42 Western Street.

Quarry Bay.

8 The Peak.

NAME IN FULL.

OCCUPATION.

ADDRESS.

M-Continued.

Morrison, Robert

Morton, Howard.

Mose, Charles........

Mow Fung, Edward Muir, David

Munro, Donald

Munton, Douglas William..

Munze, Anton.... Murdoch, Arthur Murdock, William Nugent

Harman

Murphy, Edward Owen.... Murray, George Comyn. Murray, Gilbert Ramsay

Murray, Ian Norman

Murray,

Robert

Boilermaker, H.K. & Whampoa Dock

Co., Ld.

Time-keeper, Taikoo Dockyard Assistant, Dodwell & Co., Ld.... Merchant, Der A. Wing & Co. Assistant, Fitting Dept., Gas Co. Draughtsman, Taikoo Dockyard... Electrical Engineer, China Light &

Power Co., (1918), Ld.. Master Mariner, Anderson & Ashe...... Assistant, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld..|

Assistant, Gibb, Livingston & Co......... Clerk, Lowe, Bingham & Matthews. Banker, H.K. & Shanghai Bank Meter Foreman, China Light & Power

Co. (1918), Ld.

Mains Dept., China Light & Power Co.

(1918), Ld. ........ Clerk, Douglas S. S. Co.

Muskett, William Herbert Basil Clerk, H.K. Electric Co., Ld.

On premises. Quarry Bay.

7 Aimai Villas. 40 Russell Street. Gas Works. Quarry Bay.

On premises. 66 Caine Road. 192 The Peak.

Kingsclere, Kowloon. Empress Lodge, Kowloon. On premises.

On premises.

Yaumati Sub-Station. 11 Carnarvon Building. Homeville, Wanchai Road.

Nair, Kurugeedil Govind Nairn, Harry John........ Nazarin, Razee Neave, Cecil

Nelson, Charles Cowley Nemazee, Mohamed Neves, Florindo José.. Neves, George Alberto Neves, João Maria da Neves, Martin Vicente. Neves, Virgilio Antonio..... Newbigging, David Locke...... Newman, Henry Edmund Newman, Percy Ingham Ngan Fook

Ng, James Ernest..

Ng Keng Tsin....

Ng Pak-king Ng Yuk Kwan

Nijhoff, Herman..

Nisbet, George Nish, Hugh..... Nissim, Archibald

Nolthenius De Man George

Emile........

Normington, Fred.................. Noronha, Guilherme Antonio... Noronha, Jose Eduardo... Noronha, José Maria

Noronha, Libanio Joaquim...... Norrie, James Marshall... Norton, Robert

Nowers, William Arthur Nunes, Victor Maria

Nuttall, Edward.................. Nyew Choon-chiaw

Clerk, Keller, Kern & Co., Ld. Acct. Dept. Butterfield & Swire Assistant, Harry Wicking & Co. Assist., H.K. & Whampoa Dock Co., Ld. Engine Works Manager, Taikoo Dockyard. Merchant, H. M. H. Nemazee Clerk, Canadian Pacific Steamships, Ld.. Clerk, H.K. Electric Co., Ld. Clerk, Chartered Bank..... Clerk, H.K. Electric Co., Ld. Clerk, H.K. Electric Co., Ld..... Asst. Acct., Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld. Accountant, Admiral Oriental Line Manager, H.K. & Shanghai Hotels, Ld...] Asst., Union Ince. Socty, of Canton, Ld... Accountant, Williamson & Co... Compradore, N. S. Moses & Co., Ld. Clerk, South British Ince. Co., Ld.... Asst. Compradore, N. S. Moses & Co., Ld. Sub-Acct., Nederlandsche Handels-

Maatschappij

Storekeeper, Taikoo Dockyard Assistant Official Measurer Partner, Moxon & Taylor

Accountant, Nederlandsche Indische

Handelsbank

Engineer, H.K. Electric Co., Ld................ Clerk, Lowe, Bingham & Matthews.. Assistant, H.K. Amusements, Ld............. Secretary, Crédit Foncier d'Extrême-

Orient

Clerk, Gibb, Livingston & Co., Ld....................... Sub-Acct., Chartered Bank of I., A. & C. Engineer, Taikoo Sugar Refining Co., Ld. Assistant, Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld Clerk, Nederlandsche Indische

Handelsbank

Clerk, Wm. Meyerink & Co.

On premises.

13 Matheson Street. Kowloon Docks. Quarry Bay.

On premises.

5 St. Joseph's Building. 48 Praya East, 3rd Floor. 319 Nathan Road.

18 West Terrace, Kowloon Dock. 319 Nathan Road. On premises.

Y.M.C.A., Kowloon. Hong Kong Hotel. Union Building.

235 Nathan Road, Kowloon.

12 Chancery Lane.

On premises

12 Chancery Lane.

On premises.

Quarry Bay.

5A Armend Buildings, Kowloon. On premises.

16 Conduit Road.

Causeway Hill Quarters, No. 10. 4 Knutsford Terrace.

23 Ashley Road, Kowloon.

9 Morrison Hill Road.

Ava House, May Road. On premises.

On premises.

558 Nathan Road..

24 Praya East,

Clerk, Equitable Eastern Banking Corpn. 25 Sand Street, Kennedy Town.

NAME IN FULL.

OCCUPATION.

ADDRESS.

O'Brien, John Henry...... Ogley, Wilfred Clarence O'Hoy, Kim Louey O'Hoy, Sheow Louey.... Olaes, Alberto Ambrosio Olesen, Marcus Peter ............... Oliveira, Oscar Mirandolino

dos Santos

Oliver, Roland Edward Henry Omar, Rumjahn Mahomed.... Omar, Usuff Mohomed Orchard, William Edwin Ormiston, James Ortlepp, Frederic Osborne, Alfred Richard Osborne, Patrick William Osmund, Alberto José Osmund, Arthur Frederick Osmund, Cesar Henry Osinund, Eruest Edgar Osmund, Luiz Augusto. Oswald, William Robert Overy, Hubert Owen, James Colin

Oyen, Willem Gerard van..

O'Young, Jung Ozorio, Duarte Diniz Ozorio, Eurico Maria... Ozorio, José de Graça

Assistant, J. M. Rocha & Co....... Assistant, Lane, Crawford, Ld.. Compradore, Admiral Line Accountant, L. Everett İnce.

40 Kowloon Tong, Kowloon. 87 Austin Road.

39 Sand Street, Kennedy Town. 3 Sand Street.

Assistant, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld.. 32 Ice House Street. District Acct, Texas Co.

...

Clerk, Green Island Cement Co., Ld...... Merchaut, Caldbeck, MacGregor & Co.... Assistant, Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld. Clerk, H.K. & Shanghai Hotels, Ld. Electrician, H.K. Electric Co., Ld.. Engineer, Reiss, Massey & Co. Merchaut, Bornemann & Co.. Timekeeper, Taikoo Dockyard Typist, Osaka Shosen Kaisha.. Assistant, Standard Oil Co... Assistant, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld... Assistant, Green Island Cement Co., Ld. Assistant, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld... Asst., Union Ince. Socty. of Canton, Ld... Draughtsman, Taikoo Dockyard Assistant, Wm. Powell, Ld. Asst., H.K. & Whampoa Dock Co., Ld... Accountant, Nederlandsche Handel

Maatschapij

Assistant, P. & O. Banking Corporation..... Book Keeper, Reiss, Massey & Co. Clerk, Chartered Bank....

Asst., H.K. & Whampoa Dock Co., Ld...

St. George's Hotel, Kennedy Road.

19 Ashley Road, Kowloon. 457 The Peak.

A.P.C. Installation, North Point. 141 Wong-nei-chung Road. On premises.

15 Humphrey Buildings. 180 The Peak. Quarry Bay.

On premises.

3 St. Joseph's Mansion. 1 Liberty Avenue, Kowloon. 564 Nathan Road, Kowloon. 1 Liberty Avenue, Homuntin. Union Building. Quarry Bay. Powell's Building. Kowloon Docks.

On premises.

6 Luen Fat Street. St. Joseph's Building. 4 St. Joseph's Mansion. Kowloon Docks.

Paau Kam Kee.......

Page, Harry William........

Palmer, Henry Thomas.... Panizzi, Joseph Vincent Pang Kok-sui Pang Pan-sang Parker, Lewis Arthur Parren, Joseph Lee Parsons, Thomas Riddle

Pasco, Boris

Paterson, Thomas Garner. Patten, Philip Kenneth Major Paul, Alfred Frank..... Pearson, Alfred Edward.........

Peers, William Edgar

Pendergast, William John...... Penn, Arthur Harry Peoples, David

Pereira, Carlos José Maria Pereira, Carlos Roza Pereira, Fermino Maria.. Pereira, João Patricio Pereira, Thomas Maria Peres, Luiz Antonio Perrin, Norman James Perry, David Henry. Perry, Silas Shalome.. Pestonji, Rustom......

Shroff, Nestle & Anglo-Swiss Condensed

Milk Co

Shipping Supt., Dairy Farm I. & C. S.

Co., Ld.

Store-keeper, Taikoo Dock Yard Asst., Whiteaway, Laidlaw & Co., Ld. Ship Broker, George, Grimble & Co. Clerk, South British Ince. Co., Ld. Technical Manager, Vacuum Oil Co....... Assistant, Standard Oil Co.................... Garage Manager, H.K. & Shangbai

Hotels, Ld.

Bookseller, Brewer & Co., Ld.. Consulting Engineer, Anderson & Ashe... Assistant, Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld...... Electrical Engineer, H.K. Electric Co., Ld. Draughtsman, H.K. & Whampoa Dock

Co., Ld.

Electrical Engineer, H.K. Electric

Co., Ld.

Foreman, Taikoo Dockyard. Sub-Manager, The Bank Line, Ld..... Foreman, Taikoo Dockyard........ Assistant, Caldbeck, MacGregor & Co. Clerk, National City Bank of New York. Assistant, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld... Mercantile Asst., Shewan, Tomes & Co... Clerk, National City Bank of New York Clerk, H.K. Electric Co., Ld.

Manager, Thos. Cook & Son, Ld. Asst., Asiatic Petroleum Co. (S.C.), Ld... Bill & Exchange Broker, S. S. Perry Share Broker, Benjamin & Potts

115 Connaught Road West.

24A Nathan Road. Quarry Bay. On premises.

13 Wong-nei-chung Road. Princes Building. Peak Hotel.

18 Broadwood Road.

Happy Valley Garage. 16A, Macdonnell Road. 18 Conduit Road. On premises.

Causeway Hill Quarters, No. 3.

On premises.

H.E.C. Qrs., No. 9 Causeway Hill. Quarry Bay.

Peak Hotel. Quarry Bay.

2 Rednaxela Terrace. 23 Cameron Road.

3 Jordan Road, Kowloon. 1 Rednaxela Terrace. 2 Granville Road.

10 Tung Hing Rd., K'loon, 1st Floor. Kingsclere, Kowloon.

A.P.C. Installation, North Point. 7 The Peak..

8 Humphreys Building, Kowloon.

NAME IN FULL.

OCCUPATION.

ADDRESS.

P-Continued.

Peters, William Henry Pethick, Harry Hathaway Peuster, Paul Oscar Philips, Alexander Roy

Henderson

Pilgrim, Arthur James Piankoff, Misha... Piercy, Arthur

Pile, Arthur George Pinguet, Ernest Lewis Pinguet, Paul Maurice Pinna, Carlos Luiz.................

Pinna, Germano Augusto de...

Pinna, José Mathias Pinna, Luiz Gonzaga. Pinna, Sebastião Francisco de Pintos, Cecilio Paulo...... Pittendrigh, William McKenzie Placé, Abelardo Antonio Plummer, George Arthur

Lawrence

Plummer, John Archibald

Hugh

Polson, John Callander Polson, Peter Pomeroy, Henry William Pomeroy, John Bernard Poon, Heury

Poon Ping-kong Pow Man-chenk Priestley, Horace Hugh

Hepworth Prockter, Norman Henry Prossor, Harold Kemp Proulx, Benjamin Charles

Albert..... Provan, James Doig Pryce, Charles Puncheon, James

Pun Ho-king

Pun Lui-chee

Pun Yun-hoi..

Stenographer, Canadian Pacific S.S., Ld. 44 Kowloon Tong.

Attorney, Standard Oil Co. Assistant, John Manners & Co.

Chemist, Taikoo Sugar Refinery.. Principal, Pilgrim & Co.

Confectioner, Lane, Crawford, Ld....

Assistant, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld... Manager, A. G. Pile.......

Assistant, P. M. Pinguet & Co.

Merchant, P. M. Pinguet & Co.

458 The Peak.

7 Queen's Road Central.

On premises.

120 Whitfield Road. 369 The Peak.

521 Nathan Road.

213 Kowloon Tong.

328 Kowloon Tong.

Clerk, Chartered Bank of I., A. & C..............' 317 Nathan Road, Kowloon, Clerk, Nederlandsche Handel

Maatschapij

Clerk, Chartered Bank.

Asst., Asiatic Petroleum Co. (S.C.), Ld... Assistant, Harry Wicking & Co. Clerk, Holland-China Trading Co... Merchant, Pittendrigh & Co. Storekeeper, H.K. Whampoa Dock Co....

Asst., Union Insurance Society of

Canton Ld.

....

Assistant, Bradley & Co., Ld.... Foreman, Taikoo Dockyard.......... Asst., Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld. Clerk, Percy Smith, Seth & Fleming.... Assistant, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld... Bookkeeper, H.K. Amusements, Ld....... Asst., Union Ince. Socty. of Canton, Ld... Clerk, Bank of East Asia, Ld.

Manager, E. D. Sassoon & Co. Banker, Hong Hong & Shanghai Bank Asst., Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld.

Asst. Passenger Agent, Dollar S. S. Co.. Engineer, H.K. & Whampoa Dock Co., Ld. Accountant, Canadian Pacific S.S., Ld.... Shipbuilder, H.K. & W'poa Dock Co., Ld. Clerk, Hong Kong Telephone Co., Ld.... Chief Clerk, H.K. Telephone Co., Ld. Office Assistant, China Light & Power

Co. (1918), La

On premises.

25 Jordan Road, Kowloon. On premises.

29 Jordan Road, Kowloon. 3 Jordan Road, Kowloon. 505 The Peak. Kowloon Docks.

Union Building.

Peak Hotel. Quarry Bay.

A. P. C. Installation N. Point. 13 Morrison Hill Gap. Sincere Terrrace "A" Taipo Road. 18 Tung Hing Road. Union Building. On premises.

5 Macdonnell Road. On Premises. On Premises.

Bowen Road,

Kowloon Docks. Basilea, 2 Lyttelton Road. Kowloon Docks.

8 Anton St. 2nd floor.

51 Elgin Street.

16 Bowring Street, 1st Floor.

Quan Shu John Quie, Joseph Leslie

Chief Accountant, Bank of Canton, Ld. Clerk, Peak Tramway Co. ...

65 Caine Road, 2nd Floor. 122 Kennedy Road,

Rafeek, Mohomed Rahumed, Abdul Kadir Raikes, John Hutchins Railton, Norman Leonard

Howard

Ramsay, Alfred William Ramsay, Allen Barrie Ramsay, Robert Albert Ramsay, Thomas

Ramsay, William Lysaught

Assistant, Osaka Shosen Kaisha Clerk, H.K. Electric Co., Ld. Banker, H.K. & Shanghai Bank...

Assistant, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld.. Asst., Asiatic Petroleum Co. (S.C.), Ld... Foreman, Taikoo Dockyard...... Engineer, H.K. Whampoa Dock Co.. Director, Williamson Co....... Asst., Lane, Crawford Ld.

118 Hollywood Road.

118 Hollywood Road, 1st Floor. On premises.

106 The Peak. On premises.- Quarry Bay.

Kowloon Docks.

9 Humphreys Building. 11 Kowloon Tong.

NAME IN FULL.

OCCUPATION.

ADDRESS.

R-Continued.

Randall, Benjamin Cutler Jr... Randall, Herbert Wells.... Rankin, Garnet

Rapley, Frederick Louis Rapp, George Gustav

Raven, Arthur Robert Fenton Raven, Oscar Boultbee Raworth, Arthur Basil

Assistant, Benjamin & Ports Assistant, Lane, Crawford, Ld. Assistant, Little, Adams & Wood Asst. Acct., H.K. & China Gas Co., Ld. Secretary, J. D. Humphreys & Son Architect, Raven & Basto Architect, Raven & Basto

Electrical Engineer, General Electric

Co. of China, Ld.

Raymond, Edward Maurice ... Broker, Exchange Building. Razack, Mohammed Usuf

Abdul

Read, Alfred Leonard Sydney Reading, Edward Reid, Allan....

Reis, José Maniret.

Remedios, Augusto Antonio

dos

Remedios, Alberto Maria

Otavio

Remedios, Alfredo Frederico

dos

Remedios, Arthur Reginaldo.. Remédios, Augusto Antonio

dos

Remedios, Carlos Antonio

Ribeiro

Remedios, Carlos Augusto dos Remedios, Carlos Henrique

Viera. Remedios, Edmundo Alberto

dos

Remedios, Eduardo Manuel dos Remedios, Evaristo Euzebio

dos

Remedios, Fernando Eduardo

d'Almada

Remedios, Francisco Xavier

d'Almada....

Clerk, Hong Kong Electric Co, Ld. Assistant, Davie. Boag & Co., Ld. Theatr Manager, H.K. Amusements, L. Sub-Acct.. Chartered Bank of I., A. & C. Clerk, H.K. & Shanghai Bank

Clerk, P. & O. Banking Corporation.....

Clerk, H.K. & Shanghai Bank

Clerk, H.K. & Shanghai Bank Clerk, 11.K. & Shanghai Bank

67 Robinson Road. On premises.

4 Humphrey's Buildings. On premises.

3A Hatton Road. North View Bungalow. Y.M.C.A.

861 The Peak.

R.B.L. 172, Repulse Bay.

53 Lee Garden Street, ground floor. 6 Minden Avenue, Kowloon, 3 Banoo Buildings.

Ava House, May Road. On premises.

22 Granville Road, Kowloon,

On premises.

Assistant, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld... 2 Victory Road, Homuntin.

Clerk, H.K. & Shanghai Bank Clerk, General Electric Co. of China

Clerk, H.K. & Shanghai Bank

Book-keeper, Kelly & Walsh, Ld..... Assistant, H.K. & Whampoa Dock Co....

Assistant, Reiss, Massey & Co.

Assistant, Union Trading Co...

Acct., General Electric Co. of China.....

Remedios, Francisco Xavier dos Clerk, H.K. & Shanghai Bank

Remedios, João Joaquim

Vandenberg....

Remedios, Jorge Maria

Ozorio dos

Remedios, José Julita dos Remedios, José Maria

Vandenberg... Remedios, José Vietor Remedios, Luiz Atanasio dos... Remedios, Luiz Eugenio Remedios, Luiz Gonzaga Remedios, Maximiano

Antonio dos

Remedios, Oscar Peter

...

Remedios, Vasco Luiz dos...... Remington, Harold Rupert Resker, Herbert Charles Revie, John

Rew, Tommy James

Reynolds, Arthur

Ribeiro, Angelo Cecilio Vieira. Ribeiro, Antao Emmanuel...... Ribeiro, Augusto Henrique ... Ribeiro, Augusto Illidio Ribeiro, Carlos Alberto de

Jesus Vieira

On premises.

312 Nathan Road, Kowloon.

On premises.

On premises. Kowloon Docks.

17 Nanking Street, Kowloon.

6 Peace Avenue.

6 Peace Avenue, Homuntin. On premises.

Clerk, National City Bank of New York. The Hut, Upper Castle Road.

Chief Clerk, Mercantile Bank of India, Ld. 6 St. Joseph's Mansion. Clerk, H.K. & Shanghai Bank

Asst., H.K. & Whampoa Dock Co., Ld... Clerk, P. & O. Banking Corporation Clerk, H.K. & Shanghai Bank Clerk, Banque Franco-Chinoise Assistant, Standard Oil Co.

Book-keeper, A. Goeke & Co.

Office Assistant, China Light & Power

Co. (1918), Lư.

Asst., Union Ince. Socty. of Canton, Ld... Assistant, Harry Wicking & Co. Sub-Manager, Taikoo Sugar Refinery ... Asst., H.K. & Whampoa Dock Co., Ld... Clerk, Mercantile Bank of India Constructional Dept., China Light &

Power Co., Ld.

Assistant, Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld...... Assistant, Standard Oil Co....... Assistant, Lane, Crawford & Co... Clerk, H.K. Electric Co., Ld.

On premises.

Kowloon Docks.

1 Victory Avenue, Homuntin. On premises.

St. Joseph's Building, B Block.

7 Liberty Avenue.

On premises.

On premises. On premises. Peak Hotel. On premises. On premises. 89 Praya East.

Ma Tau Kok. On premises.

20 Granville Road.

Seymour Road, Substation.

Assistant, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld... 13 Granville Road, Kowloon.

NAME IN FULL.

OCCUPATION.

ADDRESS.

R-Continued..

Ribeiro, Carlos de Monte

Carmelo da Costa Vieira Ribeiro, Constantino Filomeno

Vieira

Ribeiro, Fernando Alfredo

Vieira

Ribeiro, Francisco Vicente

Vieira

Ribeiro, Francisco Xavier

Viera

Ribeiro, Frederico Francisco... Ribeiro, João Chrysostomo

Viera

Ribeiro, João Francisco Viera. Ribeiro, Jorge Alberto Vieira Ribeiro, José Maria Vieira Ribeiro, Julio Carmo Vieira Ribeiro, Lucio Maria Vieira... Ribeiro, Luiz Antonio Vieira...

Ribeiro, Luiz Gonzaga Ribeiro, Oscar Francisco, Jr... Ribeiro, Vicente Rogerio Vieira Rickett, Cedric Arthur Lacy... Riecken, Julius Riedler, Vincent... Riggs, Charles Butler Ritchie, Archibald

Robarts, Christino Arthur............. Robarts, Roberto Maria...

Roberts, Charles Collingwood.. Roberts, William John

Drummond

Robertson, John

Robertson, William Robson, Thomas John Rocha, Alvaro Gustavo da Rocha, Antonio José Cruz da Rocha, Claudio Lisola Rocha, Ignacio Loyola da.... Rocha, José Estevão da........ Rocha, Luiz Antonio da Rocha, Ruy Marcos da

Rocha, Vicente Caetano da Rodger, George Sinclair

Rodger, John....

Rodgers, Herbert Austin Rodrigues, Alberto Antonio

Maria Rodrigues, Antonio José Rodrigues, Frederico Joao

Maria.

Rodrigues, Vicente Pompeia... Rosa, Crispiniano Ignacio da. Rosario, Antonio Manuel da

Silva Rosario, Emerico Izedoro de... Rosario, Luiz Gonsaga Rosario, José Maria da Silva... Rosario, Luiz Alberto Rosario, Polycarpo Antonio... Ross, Cecil Philip Ross, Frederick White

Thomson

Assistant, Standard Oil Co....

6 Carnarvon Villas.

Bookkeeper, H.K. & Shanghai Hotels, Ld. On premises.

Assistant, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld... 12 Salisbury Avenue, Kowloon.

Asst., Asiatic Petroleum Co. (S.C.), Ld.....] On premises.

Asst., Asiatic Petroleum Co. (S.C.), Ld.....| On premises. Chief Clerk, Mustard & Co., Ld.

Clerk, H.K. & Shanghai Bank Clerk, H.K. & Shanghai Bank Merchant, Maxim & Co.. Clerk, Alex. Ross & Co, Ld. Merchant, Maxim & Co. Clerk, Mercantile Bank of India Ld. Accountant, Nestlé & Anglo-Swiss

Condensed Milk Co.

Assistant, J. M. da Rocha & Co....... Assistant, Lane, Crawford & Co., Ld. :.. Asst., Union Ince. Socty. of Canton, Ld... Assistant, Mackinnon, Mackenzie & Co... Partner, Jebsen & Co.....

Manager, Reuter, Brockelmann & Co. Wharf Manager, Holt's Wharf Chartered Accountant, Lowe, Bingham

& Matthews.

Assistant, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld. Asst. Supt. Engineer, Jardine, Matheson

& Co., Là.

Asst., Butterfield and Swire

Asst., Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld. Assistant, Hong Kong & Kowloon

W. & G. Co., Ld

Accountant, American Express Co., Ld. Engineer, Taikoo Sugar Refinery Auctioneer, A. G. da Rocha

| Assistant, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld... Assistant, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld... Clerk, British-American Tobacco Co., Ld. Clerk, British-American Tobacco Co., Ld. Book-keeper, J. M. da Rocha & Co. Manager, J. M. da Rocha & Co. Asst., Union Ince. Socty, of Canton, Ld... Assistant, Car Shed Superintendent,

H.K. Tramways, Ld.........

Asst., Central Agency Ld.

Accountant, H.K. Land Investment Co....

14 Granville Road, Kowloon.

On premises. On premises.

1 Gordon Terrace, Kowloon. 50 Morrison Hill Road.

4 Gordon Terrace, Kowloon. 121 Kowloon Tong.

3 Bungalow, Repulse Bay. 7 Gordon Terrace, Kowloon. 6 Knutsford Terrace. Union Building. On premises.

On Premises.

18 Conduit Road.

Highlands, Austin Avenue, K'loon.

261 The Peak.

488 Nathan Road, Kowloon.

488 Nathan Road. On premises.

On premises.

Kingsclere Hotel. On premises. On premises. 8 Glenealy.

10 Shing Wong Street. 32 Ice House Street.

2 Granville Road, Kowloon. 2 Granville Road, Kowloon. 3 Robinson Road.

3 Robinson Road. On premises.

1 Russell Street. 2 Cannaught Road. The Lookout, Taipo.

Asst., Union Ince. Socty. of Canton, Ld... Union Building. Assistant, Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld......] On premises.

Clerk, Nederlandsch Indische

Handelsbank Clerk, Mercantile Bank Clerk, Dodwell & Co., Ld.

Assistant, J. M. da Rocha & Co. Clerk, H.K. & Shanghai Bank Claim Agent, Dollar S. S. Accountant, Bradley & Co., Ld.. Assistant, Gibb, Livingston & Co.. Assistant, Union Trading Co. Assistant, Mackinnon, Mackenzie & Co...

Jeweller, Falconer & Co.........

St. Joseph's Villa.

11 Ashley Road.

339 Nathan Road, Kowloon.

4 Austin Avenue, Kowloon. On premises.

101 Austin Road, Kowloon. 12 Austin Avenue, Kowloon. 1 Leighton Hill Road. St. Joseph's Building. On premises.

2 Aimai Villas, Kowloon..

275

NAME IN FULL.

OCCUPATION.

ADDRESS

R-Continued.

Ross, Ian Alastair Ross, John Kennedy Ross, Sydney Hampden...

Rosselet, Charles Simon......... Roza, Alfred William da Roza, Carlos Vicenti Ferrer da Roza, Edmundo Duarte.........

Roza, Gregorio Francisco da... Roza, Gustavo Uriel da......... Roza, Julio Henrique da Rozario, Arthur Cornelio Rozario, Daniel Anthero

Stores Dept., Butterfield & Swire Merchant, Alex. Ross & Co. ........... Chartered Accountant, Percy Smith,

Seth & Fleming

Secretary, H.K. Amusements, Ld Exchange Broker, Roza Bros... Clerk, Chartered Bank...................... Incorporated Accountant, Lowe,

Bingham & Matthews Clerk, Chartered Bank of I., A; & C..... Assistant, J. M. da Rocha & Co........ Clerk, Chartered Bank of I., A. & C...............] Clerk, National City Bank of New York.. Assistant, Botelho Bros.

Rozario, Eduardo Jose Maria do Assistant, Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld......

Rozario, Joao Francisco

Esteves

Rozario, Pedro Tangap Rumjahn, Dawood ... Rumjahn, Sirdar Ahmet Russakoff, Victor Basil

Russell, Harry Gordon Russell, John ...

Russell, William Douglas

Ruttonjee, Jehangir Hormusjee Ryan, Lionel Ernest Norwood

Clerk, H.K. Electric Co., Ld........ Clerk, S. J. David & Co...... Book-keeper, Gande, Price & Co., La. Asst., Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld. Overseer, H.K. Excavation Pile Driving

& Construction Co., Ld... Assistant, H.K. & Shangbai Bank. Foreman, ikoo Dockyard... Chartered Accountant, Lowe, Bingham

& Matthews

Merchant, H. Kuttonjee & Son Agent, Canadian Pacific S.S., Ld.

184 The Peak. Kowloon Hotel.

Shek O

5 Village Road.

51 Granville Road.

7 Ladder Street, Upper Terrace...

285 Kowloon Tong.

138 Caine Road.. 3 Robinson Road. 138 Caine Road... 5 Chatham Road.

St. Joseph's Building, Block C. On premises.

221 Wanchai Road, Top Floor.

16 Victory Avenue, Homunting: 9 Leighton Hill Road, 2nd Floor. On premises.

568 Nathan Road, Kowloon On premises. Quarry Bay.

Ava Mansions, May Road. 7 Duddell Street.

Hồng Kông Club.

Saenger, William Sahmet, Ernest

Sample, Edmund Frederick

Ronald

Samy, Abdul Rhaman

Mahomet

Samy, Arthur

Sander, Roland

Sanderson, William

Sanger, Richard

Santos, Guilherme Faustino

dos

Santos, Vicente Paulo Sauerbeck, Helmut

Saunders, William

Savard, Remedios Carlos...... Sayce, Kelly.... Schmidt, Richard. Schramm, Ernest

Schultz, Henry Louis

Schulz, Alexander Wladislav. Schwob, Rudolf Hugo Scott, Douglas Stewart Scott, Henry Hodge... Scott, Leonard Gordon Scott, Malcolm Douglas Seriven, Henry Ernest Seath, William Petrie Segrest, Robert Taylor- Senton-Winton, Balcombe

Langridge

Assistant, Keller, Kern & Co., Ld.......... Correspondence Clerk, H.K. Engineer-

ing & Construction Co., Ld. ......

Architect, Denison, Ram & Gibbs ......

Meter Foreman, China Light & Power

Co., Ld.

Assistant, Shewan, Tómes & Co... Sander Wieler & Co.

Marine Engineer, Jardine, Matheson

& Co., Ld.

Assistant, Standard Oil Co.

Clerk, Gibb Livingstone & Co. Clerk, Linstead & Davis

Asst., Oriental Tobacco Manufactory. Asst., Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld. Asst., Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld. Asst., Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld...... Book-seller, Sayce & Kelly Manager, Carlowitz & Co...... Partner, Wm. Meyerink & Co. Asst. General Manager. Standard Oil

Co. of N.Y.

...

Cashier, American Express Co. Branch Manager, Siemens China Co....... District Manager, Texas Co....................... Engineer, H.K. Whampoa Dock Co. Superintendent, Peak Tramway Co., Ld. Banker, H.K. & Shanghai Bank. Assistant, Lane, Crawford, Ld. ......... Foreman, Taikoo Sugar Refinery... Sub-Acet., National City Bank of N.Y..

Manager, S. J. David & Co.

211 Kowloon Tong.

118 Hollywood Road,

Peak Hotel.

1 Warren Street.

88 Bonham Road.

39 Humphreys Building.

884 Nathan Road, Kowloon. 375 Parker Road.

2B Wanchai Road. 27 Mosque Street. On premises. On premises.

9 Humphreys Avenue. 12 Ice House Street: Caulon, Pokfulum Road. 532 Stubbs. Road.

1 May Road. On premises.

40 Humphrey's Buildings. R. B. L. 250 Pokfulum. Kowloon Docks. 50 The Peak. On premises. 3 Aimai Villas. On premises. 18 Peak Road.

Peninsula Hotel, Kowloon.

NAME IN FULL.”

OCCUPATION.

S-Continued.

ADDRESS.

Sequeira, Augusto Dario Sequeira, Carlos Maria Sequeira, Pedro Nolasco Sewell, Edwin George Sewell, George William Shank, Carl Bradley

Shank, Charles Le Roy

Shank, Edward Dean

Shao Fan Tan Shaw, John Archibald Shaw, Joseph Hilton

Shea, Edward

Assistant, Standard Oil Co.

...

Assistant, Standard Oil Co.

Assistant, Standard Oil Co. ...

Assistant, Lane, Crawford, Ld..

Sheepshanks, Richard David

William

Sheik, Abdul Hamid Shek Pui-ki

Sherry, John Patrick Shervell, Frederick John Shewan, Douglas Ernest Shewan, Ian Winchester Shi Kam-kwai Shi Yu-man Short, Richard Habberfield.. Shrubsole, Henry Christopher

Siem, Gustav

Silkstone, Albert Edmund..... Silva, Alberto Augusto Silva, Ambrosio Cesar Silva, Armando Maria da Silva, Arnaldo Heitor Silva, Arthur Luiz .Silva, Francisco Britto

Peres da

Silva, Francisco Xavier

Maria da

Silva, Frederico Eugenio Silva, George Honorio da

Silva, Joao Maria da Silva, Jose Filomeno Eca da... Silva, Ladislau da

Silva, Lucas Leonardo da ... Silva, Marciano Antonio da... Silva, Reginaldo Maria

Gomes da Silva, Renaldo Alberto da..... Silva, Ricardo Crescencio. Simmonds, Ernest William...

Simmons, Benjamin William... Simmons, John Henry Simmons, Robert

Simmons, William Frederick Simões, Manuel Augusto. Simon, Edwin Alexander Simpson, Andrew Macfarlane

Simpson, Walter Alfred...

20 Kowloon Tong.

7 Mosque Junction.

144 & 146 Kennedy Town.

11 Carnarvon Building.

Merchant, Robertson, Wilson & Co., Ld.. 67-69 Des Voeux Road Central.

Manager, H.K. Excavation, Pile

Driving & Construction Co., Ld. ... Superintendent, H.K. Excavation, Pile

Driving & Construction Co., Ld. Architect, H. K. Excavation Pile

Driving & Construction Co., Ld.... Compradore, Pittendrigh & Co. Assistant, Standard Oil Co. Asst. Foreman, China Light & Power

Co., Ld........

Steno-typist, H.K. Excavation Co., Ld.

Repulse Bay Hotel.

Peninsula Hotel.

323-4 Kowloon Tong. 121 Caine Road. Peninsula Hotel.

234 Nathan Road.

27 Kai Tack Bund, Kowloon,

184 The Peak.

55 Lee Garden Street. On premises. 119 The Peak.

Quarry Bay.

A. P. C. Installation N. Pt. Hong Kong Club.

Gas Works West Point. 5 Seymour Terrace. ... 24 Ashley Road.

Asst., Butterfield & Swire Clerk, Dollar S.S. Line .... Assistant, Bank of East Asia, Ld Manager, H.K. Telephone Co., Ld. Shipyard Manager, Taikoo Dockyard... Asst., Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld. Mercantile Asst., Shewan Tomes & Co. Clerk, H.K. & China Gas Co., Ld. Inspector, Benjamin & Potts Assistant, Canadian Pacific S.S. Co. Manager, Nestlé Anglo Swiss

Condensed Milk Co. Clerk, Sander, Wieler & Co. Manager, Moutrie & Co. Ld. Asst., Union Ince. Socty. of Canton, Ld. Asst., Jardine Matheson & Co., Ld..... Asst., Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld. Clerk, Linstead & Davis

Clerk, Mercantile Bank of I. & A.

Clerk, H.K. & Shanghai Bank............

Assistant, Nederlandsche Indische

Handels Bank

Assistant, Green Island Cement Co. Engineer, Electric Light Co., Ld.

Clerk, Banque Franco-Chinoise Ageut, China Underwriters, Ld.. Clerk, Banque de l'Indo-Chine Clerk, H.K. & Shanghai Bank... Asst., Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld......

Asst., Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld. Asst., Botelho Bros

...

Asst., Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld. Asstistant, Fitting Supt., H.K. & China

Gas Co., Ld...

Engineer, H.K. Telephone Co., Ld....... Traffic Inspector, H.K. Tramways, Ld. General Works Manager, H.K. Engineer-

ing & Construction Co. Secretary, H.K. Tramways, Ld. Assistant, Standard Oil Co. Engineer, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ld. Shipbuilder, H.K. & Whampoa Dock

Co., Ld......

Asst., Nestle & Anglo-Swiss Condensed

Milk Co...

Peninsula Hotel.

14 Knutsford Terrace. 13 Humphreys Building. On premises.

17 Jordan Road, Kowloon. 23 Jordan Road, Kowloon.

3 Duddell Street, 1st Floor.

13 Salisbury Avenue, Kowloon.

On premises. *

On premises.

315 Nathan Road.

24 Ashley Road, Kowloon, Ground

floor.

27 Cameron Road.

9 Austin Avenue.

On premises.

5 Ashley Road, Kowloon.

9 Liberty Avenue.

3 Gordon Terrace, Kowloon. On Premises.

On premises. Empress Louge, Kowloon. 77-79 Cheong On Street.

4 Century Crescent, Kennedy Road. Peak Hotel.

4 Saifee Terrace, Kowloon. 8 The Peak,

Kowloon Docks.

42 Humphreys Building.

NAME IN FULL.

OCCUPATION.

ADDRESS.

S-Continued.

Singer, Vinzenz ...

Skinner, Donald.........

Sloan, James....... Smerdon, John Roy Smith, Arthur

Smith, Arthur William

Smith, Albert James Victor...

Smith, Eric Grant Smith, Frank

Smith. Frederick Stanley

Winfield ..........

Smith, George John Smith, John Sanderson

Smith, Kenneth

Smith, Octavius Arthur Smith, Raymond Walter..... Smith, William Forsythe

Smith, William Lithgow Soltau, Bernhard Soares, Charles Maria.. Soares, Francisco Xavier Soares, Joannes Alves de

Vasconcelos

Soares, Joaquim Rocque.. Sokall, Walter Francis Solomon, Beverley Erle... Sommerfelt, Allister Soo Lo-yan Sorby, Vincent Dare

...

Sousa, Satyro Estevas Sousa, Wilhelmino Inno Jose, Soutar, Francis

Souza, Casimiro Marcelino de Souza, Eduardo Paulo.........

Souza, Eusebio João de Deuz Souza, José Francisco de Souza, Lino Vincente de

Souza, Luiz Carlos de Rozario Souza, Marcus Antonio Rozario

Speirs, Duncan Campbell Spicer, Henry

Staindz, Vernon William

Lomond

Stalker, Archibald Stanesby, Sydney John

Cleave

Stanton, William Tellinghast Stanton, John Reginald

Leslie.......

Per. Pro., Chien Hsin Engineering Co.,

Ld.

•

Asst. Marine Supt., Jardine Matheson

& Co., Lử.

Assistant, Taikoo Sugar Refinery Acc., Dodwell & Co., Ld.

Meter Inspector, China Light & Power

Co. (1918), L.

Purchasing Manager, H.K. & Shanghai

Hotels, Ld.

District Engineer, China Light &

Power Co. (1918), Ld... Assistant, Dodwell & Co., Ld. Assistant, Union Trading Co., Ld..

Acct., Dodwell & Co. Watchman, Taikoo Dockyard Asst., Keller, Kern & Co., LI. Per pro. Michael & Co. Manager, Whiteaway, Laidlaw & Co.... Engineer, H.K. Electric Co., Ld. ...... Asst. Engineer, China Light & Power

Co. (1918), Lil.

Assistant, Jardine Matheson & Co., Ld. Assistant, Carl Bodiker & Co.

Clerk, Percy Smith, Seth & Fleming. Clerk, H.K. & Shanghai Bank.

Assistant, Roza Bros.

Clerk, Dodwell & Co., Ld. Chief Clerk, Dollar S. S. Co. Acct., Standard Oil Co.

...

Chartered Acct., Linstead & Davis Clerk, Java-China-Japan Lijn.... ........ Electrical Engineer, H.K. Electric Co.,

Ld.

Nederlandsche Indische Handels Bank Clerk, H.K. Electric Co., Ld. Clerk, Taikoo Dockyard

On Premises.

"Harbour View" Kowloon. On premises. Metropole Hotel.

Yaumati Substation.

263 Kowloon Tong.

On premises.

Hong Kong Club. 116 Wellington Street.

2 Humphrey's Buildings, Kowloon. Quarry Bay. Station Hotel. On premises. On premises.

H. E. Quarters, No. 1 N.P. Station.

Hok Un Works.

8 The Peak.

12 Kowloon Tong.

27 Jordon Road, Kowloon. On premises.

2 Liberty Avenue, Kowloon. 26 Ashley Road, Kowloon. 35 Humphrey's Building. Peak Hotel.

114 Peak.

271 Portland Street, 1st Floor.

530 The Peak-

3 Minden Avenue, Kowloon. 23 Praya East, Ground floor.

Quarry Bay.

Clerk, Chartered Bank of I., A. & C.... 6 Ashley Road, Kowloon. Clerk, Netherlandsch Indische

Handelsbank

Timekeeper, H.K. & Whampoa Dock Co. Assistant, Shewan, Tomes & Co.......... Meter Inspector, China Light & Power

Co. (1918), Ld.

Clerk, H.K. & Shanghai Bank Assistant, Union Insurance Society of

Canton, Ld...................

Foreman, Taikoo Dockyard..... Assistant, Butterfield & Swire..

Asst., Imperial Chemical Industries

(China) Ld.......

Clerk, Taikoo Dockyard

Confidential Clerk, H.K. Electric Co.,

Ld.

Flour Broker, Dunbar & Co., Ld...

Assistant, China Underwriters, Ld....... Staple, Kenneth Kingsley...... Assistant, Filgrim & Co. Star, Van der Willem Johannes

Assistant, Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld.... Stark, Charles Crawford...... Local Manager, Vacuum Oil Co.

25 Jordan Road, Top floor, K'loon. Kowloon Docks.

34 Ice House Street.

On premises. On premises.

Union Building. Quarry Bay. 294 The Peak.

On premises. Quarry Bay.

On premises. Jardines Bungalow.

12 Tregunter Mansions, May Rɔal On premises.

On premises. 274 The Peak.

Starling, Robert Archibald... Elect. Engineer, H.K. Electric Co., Ld. Peninsula Hotel, Kowloon. Steenstra, Onne

Stendahl, Bjarne.....

Stevenson, Allan

Manager, Nederlandsche Handel

Maatschappij

Assistant, Thoresen & Co., Ld.

On premises. Peninsula Hotel.

Manager, Dairy Farm I. & C. S. Co., Ld. Domum, Sassoon Road.

NAME IN FULL.

OCCUPATION.

ADDRESS.

S-Continued.

Stewart, Allan Brown. Stewart, Charles Edward Stewart, Donald........... Stewart, Gilbert Hugh Stewart, James..... Stewart, John Henry Stewart, William Alfred. Stigter, Cornelis...

Stone, Edward

Stone, Frederick Stoneham, Herbert Frederick.. Stopani-Thomson, George

Gordon

Strafford, Cecil....

Stuart, Robert Alexander.............. Sturgeon, James Bassindale...

Sturt, Herbert Rothsay Suckling, Percy Herbert......

Sue, Thomas.

Suffiad, Abdul Gaffoor Sullivan, Charles Daniel..... Sum Pak Ming Summers, Alexander William Summers, John Adam. Sun Tze-ying Swan, Thomas

Sweeney, James Napier

Sze, Harry Kue-ling Sze Hon Fai

Merchant, Jardine, Matheson & Co. Assistant, H.K. Whampoa Dock Co. Assistant, Gilman & Co., Ld............. Foreman, Taikoo Dockyard Clerk, Taikoo Dockyard Foreman, Taikoo Dockyard Assistant Manager, Davie, Boag Co. Manager, Nederlandsch Indische Handels

Bank

General Passenger Agent, Canadian

Pacific S.S. Line

Assistant, S. Moutrie & Co., Ld. Clerk, Holts Wharf........

H.K. Electric Co., Ld...................... Assistant Works Manager, China Light

& Power Co., Ld.. Banker, H.K. & Shanghai Bank Draughtsman, H.K. & Whampoa Dock

Co., Là.

Manager, China Underwriters, Ld. General Manager, H.K. & Shanghai

Hotels, Ld.

351 The Peak. Kowloon Docks. On premises. Quarry Bay. Quarry Bay. Quarry Bay.

2 Humphreys' Buildings.

Aigburth Hall, Flat 7.

Repulse Bay Hotel. Victoria Hotel, Kowloon. Victoria Hotel, Kowloon.

On premises.

16 Knutsford Terrace. On premises.

On premises. 512 The Peak.

Repulse Bay Hotel.

Acct., Anderson, Meyer & Co., Ld. ..............' 12 Landale Street. Clerk, British-American TobaccoCo.,Ld. Foreman, Taikoo Sugar Refinery........ Boremann & Co.

Assistant, Thos. Cook & Son, Ld. Sub.-Acct.. Chartered Bank

Clerk, William C. Jack & Co., Ld. Foreman, Taikoo Dockyard Shipbuilder, H.K. & Whampoa Dock

Co., La........

Assistant, The Union Trading Co., Ld.... Assistant, Loxley & Co.

4 Bowlo Buildings. On premises.

On premises.

Ngau Shiu Wan, Kowloon City.

Ava House" May Road.

3 Perfection Terrace.

Quarry Bay.

Ou premises. 26 Jordan Road.

35A Wellington Street (top floor).

Tait, William Ker

Tam, John Baptiste. Tam Pak-shiu.... Tam Wing-kwong Tanaka, Masachika... Tan Keng-hoon Tan Soo Beng Tang Shiu Lam..

Tansley, William Arthur.. Tarbuck, Alfred Peter.. Tarrant, George James Tarrant, John Arthur Tavares, Alberto Eduardo...... Tavares, Alfredo Augusto...

Tavares, Arthur Richard...... Tavares, Augusto Maria Tavares, Carlos Eugenio. Tavares, Fernando José Tavares, José Filippe Taylor, Frank Harold Taylor, Robert

Taylor, William

Teale, Henry .... Telfer, William Frederick

Kimberley......

Tetzel, Charles Thayer, John.........

Chartered Accountant, Dodwell & Co. Clerk, Banque de l'Indo-Chine Compradore, Alex Ross & (China) Ld. Manager, Ip Tak & Co.

Assistant, Bank of Taiwan, Ld. Manager, The Ault & Wiborg China Co. Manager, Oriental Commercial Co......... Clerk, Mackinnon Mackenzie & Co...... Engineer, Reiss Massey & Co., Ltd. Time-keeper, H.K. Electric Co., Ld. Engineer, H.K. Telephone Co., Ld. Secretary, A. S. Watson & Co., Ld....... Clerk, Alex Ross & Co. (China) Ld. Assistant, Nederlandsche Handels

Maatschappy....

Clerk, Dodwell & Co., Ld.... Assistant, Bradley & Co, Ld. ..... Clerk, Holland China Trading Co...... Asst., H.K. Rope Manufacturing Co., Ld. Accountant, Reiss, Massey & Co....... Assistant, Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld.... Chief Engineer, Green Island Cement

Co., Ld......

Assistant Engineer, China Light &

Power Co., Ld..... Wharfinger, Holts Wharf

Assistant, Butterfield & Swire ....... Clerk, National City Bank of New York. Assistant, Butterfield & Swire

Repulse Bay Hotel. On premises. 22 Caine Road. On premises. On premises.

19 Shelly Street, Top Floor. 153 Kowloon Tong. On premises.

On premises.

Ming Yuen Quarters, North Point. Repulse Bay Hotel.

8 Aimai Villas, Kowloon. 4 Caine Road.

Netherlands Trading Society.

3 Minden Avenue.

4 Caine Road. 4 Caine Road. 48 Caine Road.

4 Hart Avenue, Kowloon. North Point A. P. C. Installation.

On premises.

4 Minden Avenue, Kowloon.

5 Pratt Building.

7 Warren Street. 294 The Peak.

NAME IN FULL.

OCCUPATION.

ADDRESS.

T-Continued.

Thirlwell, James Thomas Thomas, Reginald Dowsett.... Thomas, William Henry.. Thomason, Frederick Thompson, Daniel Thompson, Douglas Thompson, Edgar Thompson, George Ernest

Forster Thomson, George Bowman

Smith

Thomson, George Gordon Thomson, James Downie......

Thwaites, Charles.........

Tillery, William Campbell... Tinson, Arthur Cecil

Tod, Peter....

Todd, Francis Charles Tollan, Duncan..

Toppin, James

Towns, George Ernest

Tracey, Fred Dillingham

Truong Dai Bang

Tsai Shing Wu

...

Tug Master, Taikoo Dockyard Supt., H.K. Tug & Lighter Co., Ld. ..... Port Captain, Dollar S.S. Co. Asst., H.K. C. & M. Steamboat Co., Ld. Assistant. II.K. & Shanghai Hotels, Ld.. Asst., Dairy Farm I. & C. Storage Co., Ld. Elect. Engineer, H.K. Electric Co. Ld...

Acct., H.K. & China Gas Co., Ld.

Acct., H.K. & Kowloon W. & G. Co... Elect. Engineer, H.K. Electric Co., Ld.. Assistant Secretary, Dairy Farmı

I. & C. S. Co., Ld. Oriental Auditor, Canadian Pacific

S.S. Ld.

Engineer, H.K. & Whampoa Dock Co... Assistant Engineer, China Light &

Power Co., (1918), Ld..... Assistant, Jardine, Matheson & Co. Ld. Assistant, A. S. Watson & Co., Ld....... Telephone Engineer, H.K. Telephone

Co., Ld.......

Asst., H.K. Rope Manufacturing Co., Ld. Banker, H.K. & Shanghai Bank... Attorney, Standard Oil Co.

Store Keeper, Far East Oxygen &

Acetylene Co., Ld........

Assistant General Manager, Industrial

& Commercial Bank, Ld.

Tsang, Stephen Kwong Luk Manager, Hanping Trading Co.

Tsang Yung-fook

Tse Tsan Tai......

Tsü Ho-tseung

Tso Chak Wan

Tsoi Kai

Tully, John

Turner, William..

Tye, James.....

Merchant, Orien ́al Commercial Co. Mercantile Asst, Shewan Tomes & Co....] Clerk, Gande, Price & Co., Ld.

Chief Clerk, China Sugar Refining Co.,

I d.

Clerk, Pentreath & Co.

Assistant, Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld.... Asst., Standard Oil Co.

Office Assistant, China Light & Power

Co. (1918). Ld.

Tytler, George Edward Bruce Banker, Hong Kong & Shanghai Bank...

U Ikwai U Shun-tsoi Ulderup, Jonney Un Hew-fan Ung Yu-sang

Clerk, Chartered Bank of I. A. & C. .............. Clerk, Hong Kong & China Gas Co., Ld.. Engineer, Jebsen & Co.

Secretary, Bank of Canton, Ld. Clerk, Bank of Canton, Ld.

Quarry Bay. On premises. 1 Kimberly Villas. On premises. Peninsula Hotel. 52 Kennedy Road. Causeway Hill Quarters, No. 5.

On premises.

18 Humphreys Building. H. E. L. Qrs. No. 1 Duddell Street.

Sassoon Villas, Sassoon Road.

Flat No. 3 Thorpe Manor, May Road. Kowloon Docks.

On premises. | 303 The Peak.

66A Nathan Road, Kowloon.

11 Cameron Road.

7 Peace Avenue, Ho Mun Tin. On premises.

21 Peak Mansions.

1 Kowloon City Road.

On premises.

125 Main St. Shaukiwan. 37 Queen's Road East.

32 Sau Wa Fong, 2nd Floor.

On premises.

51. Queen's Road East, On premises.

Laichikok Installation.

143 Tung Choi Street, 2nd Floor. On premises.

70 High Street. Gas Co. West Point. On premises.

215 Kowloon Tong. Chinese Y.M.C.A.

Valkoff, Nicolas.....

Van Heurn, Lodewijk Willem

Ernest

.....

Vas, Eduardo Leonel...

Vas, George Augusto

Vickars, Percy

Victor, Joao Thome Vieira, Bomfilho Maria. Vieira, Dionysio Maria Vieira, Henrique Emilio Von Ehren, Guenther Von Haenisch......................

Asst., Standard Oil Co.

Accountant, Java-China-Japan Lijn Clerk, P. & O. Banking Corporation Assistant, Yokohama Specie Bank, Ld.

Sanitary Engineer, Reiss, Massey &

Co., Ld....

Clerk, H.K. & Shanghai Bank Assistant, H.K. Electric Co., Ld... Clerk, Robertson Wilson & Co. Clerk, H.K. Electric Co., Ld. Clerk, Jebsen & Co.

Clerk, Jebsen & Co.....

Laichikok Installation.

17 Cameron Road.

St. Joseph's Building. 313 Nathan Road, Kowloon Top

Floor.

Empress Lodge, Kowloon. On premises.

32 Ice House St. 1st Floor. 67/69 Des Vœux Road Central. 17 Nanking Street, 3rd Floor. On premises. On premises.

Vries, Johannes Theodorus de. Export Dept., Holland China Trading Co. No. 3 Steward Terrace,

NAME IN FULL.

OCCUPATION.

ADDRESS.

Waddington, William

Janson

Wade, Rowland Henry Dennis. Wahab, Yahaya Abdul Wai Man-wei

Waid, John

Walch, Leon David

Wales, Charles Douglas Walker, Vernon

Wallace, Charles Walmsley, David Couper Wan Wai-in

Warnock, William Oliver Warren, Leslie Beal Wat Lun

Watkins, Henry

Way, Harry

Way, John Roy.

Way, William Kenneth

Webster, Arthur

Weble, Karl

Wei Wing-chak

Weight, William Alfred Weill, Leo Weir, Walter West, Edward Robert West, Sydney Maurice Westley, Ralph Adrian Wetton, George Ernest Wheeler, Allan..... White, Athelstan Holt White, Claude Elsworth White, Ernest Percival.

White, George Henry

White, Hermon John Henry...

White, Horace Tourney White, John Paul

White, Nowell Bernard

White, Owen England.

Whitehead, Charles Cecil John Whiteley, William Henry Whyte, James Jardine....... Whyte, Lionel Mountstuart. Wilkinson, Arthur Charles Wilkinson, William Robert.. Williams, William George Williamson, Stuart Taylor ... Wilson, Ernest..... Wilson, Gordon Harold Wilson, Herbert

Wilson, Joseph Elward Wilson, Thomas Burlington ... Witchell, George Bernard Witchell, James Henry Wolf, Ernest Wong, Charles.

Wong, Charles Clarence Wong, Charles Pingiu Wong Cheuk-kwong Wong Chiu-kit... Wong Chor-leeng

Acct., P. & O. Banking Corpn. Banker, Hong Kong & Shanghai Clerk, H.K. Electric Co., Ld. Cashier, H.K. Telephone Co., Ld. Pansman, Taikoo Sugar Refinery Manager, J. Ullmann & Co...

Bank...

Kingsclere Hotel.

On premises.

13 Percival Street, 1st Floor. 23 Man Chung Fong.

On premises.

Asst., Union Ince. Socty. of Canton, Ld. On premises. Workshop Supt., H.K. Tramway

Co., Ld.

Manager, Ceutral Agency Co., Ld. Draughtsman, Taikoo Dockyard Clerk, Chartered Bank Foreman, Taikoo Dockyard Merchant, Warren & Co., Lal.......... Clerk, South British Insce. Co., Ld.

Assistant, Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld.... Architect, Hall & Hall

Clerk, H.K. Electric Co., Ld.

Assistant Passenger Agent, Admiral

Oriental Line

Electrical Engineer, H.K. Electric

Co., Ld.

Sander Wieler & Co.

Mercantile Asst., Shewan Tomes & Co. Cashier, Thos. Cook & Son, Ld. Jeweller, Sennet Freres Clerk, Taikoo Dockyard

Cashier Accountant, Mercantile Bank Asst., Harry Wicking & Co. Assistant, Dodwell & Co., Ld. Manager, H. Skott & Co. Chief Clerk, Thos. Cook & Son Merchant, Douglas S.S. Co.

4 Broadwood Road.

194 The Peak. Quarry Bay.

14 Shelley Street, 2nd Floor. Quarry Bay.

19 Broadwood Road.

On premises.

35 Bonham Road.

Kingsclere Hotel, Kowloon.

35 Bonham Road.

Causeway Hill Quarters, No. 1.

39 Humphreys Buildings, K'loon. 4 Gage Street.

Baker Road, The Peak.

R. B. L. 218 Pokfulam.

Quarry Bay.

2 Humphreys Building, Kowloon. Y. M. C. A. Kowloon.

56A Nathan Road, Kowloon.

3 Cheung Chow.

Beaconsfield Arcade.

Prince's Building.

Salesman, H.K. & Shanghai Hotels, Ld. 8 Salisbury Avenue, Kowloon.

Mechanic, Hong Kong & Shanghai

Hotels Ld.

Draughtsman, H.K. & Whampoa

Dock Co.

Manager, Kowloon Hotel

Freight Dept., Admiral Oriental Line... Time Keeper, Hong Kong. & Whampoa

Dock Co., Ld.

Theatre Manager, H.K. Amusements, Ld. Acting Wireless Inspector, Butterfield

& Swire.....

Electrician, General Electric Co. of China Assistant, Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld. ... Timekeeper, Taikoo Dockyard.... Wine Merchant, Donnelly & Whyte Assistant, Lane, Crawford & Co., Ld. Clerk, H.K. Land Investment Co., Ld... Assistant, American Express Co..... Principal, Williamson & Co... Clerk, Taikoo Dockyard Merchant, Robertson Wilson & Co. Timekeeper, Taikoo Sugar Refinery Asst., Kelley & Walsh, Ld... General Agent, Dollar S.S. Co. Engineer, W. S. Bailey & Co., Ld.... Hotel Manager, King Edward Hotel Asst., Keller, Kern & Co., Ld.

Happy Valley Garage, Stubbs Road

Kowloon Docks.

On premises. 27 Ashley Road.

On premises. St. George Hotel.

4 Hankow Road, Kowloon. Y. M. C. A. Kowloon. On premises. Quarry Bay. Hong Kong Club.

42 Humphreys Building. 9 Yu Kwong Terrace. On premises.

53 The Peak.

Quarry Bay.

67-69 Des Voeux R.oad Central. ... On premises.

Clerk, National City Bank of New York. Clerk, Dollar S.S. Line

Stores Dept., Butterfield & Swire Asst., Union Ince. Socty. of Canton, Ld. Clerk, Chartered Bank

Clerk, National City Bank of New York.

Y. M. C. A. Kowloon.

On premises.

2 Armend Building. On premises. Station Hotel.

13 Fung Wong Terrace. 15 Po Kwong Road.

4 Liberty Ave, Kowloon. Union Building.

2 Alveston Terrace. 59 High Street.

NAME IN FULL.

OCCUPATION.

ADDRESS.

W-Continued.

Wong, Herbert Charles Percy Electrician, China Light & Power Co.

Wong Hok Yun..............

Wong, James Chang Ling Wong, James N.

Wong, Joseph Mou-lam alias

Wong Mau-lam

Wong Ka-yee Wong Kei-kwong Wong King-ko......

Wong Kwok-king Wong Min....

Wong Oi-kut........ Wong, Parkin.. Wong, Peter Wong Tại Cho Wong, Thomas. Wong Un-fong Wong, William Wong Wing-fong.. Wong Yik-chee... Wong Yin-nin Woo Ting-chang

Wood, Albert

Wood, Gerald George Woodhouse, Cyril John Wotherspoon, William Wright, William.......... Wu Wing Hsin

Wuthrich, Ferdinand Fredrich

Wyliek, Gabriel Van...........

Wyllie, Archibald..

(1918), Ld.

Compradore, Loxley & Co. Asst. Engineer, Holts Wharf Assistant Cashier, Bank of East Asia

Manager, Chinese Department, A. S.

Watson & Co., Ld.

...

Assistant, Jardine, Matheson & Co., Lil. Clerk, Bank of East Asia Broker, Nestle & Anglo-Swiss

Condensed Milk Co.

Clerk, H.K. Land Investment Co. Chief Clerk, China Light & Power Co.,

Ld........

Director, A. B. Moulder & Co., Ld.. American Express Co., Inc.

A. S. Watson & Co., Ld.

Architect, Denison, Ram & Gibbs Assistant, W. R. Loxley & Co................ Clerk, Mackinnon, Mackenzie & Co.. Assistant, A. S. Watson & Co., Ld. Clerk, Mackinnon, Mackenzie & Co Storekeeper, General Electric Co., Ld... Assistant, Bank of East Asia, Ld........ Canvasser, Nestle & Anglo Swiss Milk

Co.....

Accts Dept., Butterfield & Swire Civil Engineer, Leigh & Orange Assistant, Dodwell & Co., Ld. Clerk, Taikoo Dockyard Asst., Dodwell & Co.

Overseer, H. K. Excavation Co., Ld. Sub-Acct., Nederlandsch Indische

Handelbank

Architect, Credit Foncier D'Extreme-

Orient

Farm Asst., Dairy Farm I. & C. Storage

Co., Lá.....

Hok Un Works.

118 Caine Road.

66 Bonham Road.

On premises.

Luguan Villa, Matauwei, Gr. Floor. 4 Tai Ning Street, Shaukiwan West. On premises.

28 Davis Street

2 Landale Street, 1st Floor.

475 Nathan Road. 27 Seymour Road. On Premises. 38A Bonham Road. 5 Kennedy Street. 39 Kai Yan Road. On premises.

50 Whitfield, North Point. On premises. On premises. On premises.

4 Mallory Street.

549 Mt. C meron, The Peak. Tai Po.

15 Bowen Road. Quarry Pay..

9 Tregunter Mansions. 7 Fung Fai Terrace.

Peninsula Hotel.

9 Peak Mansions.

On premises..

Xavier, Alberto Eduardo Xavier, Antonio José

Francisco Nogueira Mendes.

Xavier, Antonio Maria Xavier, Antonio Francisco... Xavier, Carlos Eugenio

Favacho.... Xavier, Domingos Xavier, Epiphanio Maria Xavier, Faustino Antonio Xavier, Francisco Maria Xavier, Frederico Antonio Xavier, Gregorio Maria Xavier, Hermenegildo Maria. Xavier, Hymocrates Hermipo Xavier, Hypolito Maria

Favacho

Xavier, Jose Xavier, José Paulino Xavier, Leonardo Francisco Xavier, Luiz Augusto Xavier, Luiz Gonzaga..

Clerk, H.K. & Shanghai Bank

Assistant, H.K. & Whampoa Dock

Co., Ld.

Clerk, P. & O. Banking Corporation Clerk, Goddard & Douglas

Clerk, H.K. & Shanghai Bank... Chief Tallyman, Dollar S.S. Line Clerk, Banque de l'Indo-Chine Merchant, Xavier Bros., Ld. Clerk, National City Bank of New York. Merchant, Xavier Bros., Ld......................... Clerk, H.K. & China Gas Co... Clerk, H.K. Tramway Co., Ld. Assistant, Reiss, Massey & Co.

Clerk, Chartered Bank.. Merchant, Xavier Bros., Ld Chief Clerk, Chartered Bank Asst., Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld. Clerk, Gibb, Livingston & Co., Ld. Clerk, Banque de l'Indo-Chine

On premises.

312A Nathan Road.

2 Peking Road, Kowloon.

On premises. 35 Mosque Junction. On premises.

16 Macdonnell Road. 2 St. Joseph's Mansion. 16 Macdonnell Road. Gas Works.

22 Praya East.

14 Granville Road.

21 Jordan Road, Kowloon. 16 Macdonnell Road.

6 Cameron Road, Kowloon. On Premises.

54 Queen's Road East. On premises.

NAME IN FULL.

OCCUPATION.

ADDRESS.

X-Continued.

Xavier, Luiz Maria

Xavier, Michael Antony Xavier, Paulo Maria Xavier, Pedro Nolasco..

Xavier, Vasco da Gama Maria

Clerk, Netherlandsch Indische Handels

Bank

Architect, M. A. Xavier Clerk, C. E. Warren & Co., Ld Assistant, H.K. Rope Manufacturing Co. Assistant, H.K. & Shanghai Bank

2 St. Joseph's Mansion, 16 Macdonnell Road.

29 Ashley Road, Kowloon. St. Joseph's Building, 2nd Floor. On premises.

Yates, Leonard.

Yeung Hon

Yeung Tin-cheong

Yik Tat-ting....

Young, Benjamin Alfred Young, Cyril Roe Muston...... Young, David Young Fuk-lam Young, George Nelson Young, Kenneth Philip Young, Robert

Younghusband, l'ercy

Young, Thomas

Yn Tze-bing

Yuen Chan-fai

Yung Chak-cheong

Yung Kwong-cheong

Yvanovich, Philippe Antonio.

Manager, Furness (Far East), Ld. Clerk, Canadian Pacific Stea mship, Ld. Clerk, Chartered Bank

Clerk, H.K. Excavation, Pile Driving

& Construction Co., Ld..... Assistant, J. M. Alves & Co. Works Dept., Butterfield & Swire Storekeeper, Taikoo Dockyard... Clerk, Java-China-Japan Liju Dollar S. S. Line

Assistant, J. M. Alves & Co. Assistant, Asiatic Petroleum Co Sworn or Official Measurer, Official

Measurer's Office

.......

Foreman, Taikoo Dockyard Clerk, H.K. Telephone Co., La...............

Repulse Bay Hotel.

8 Chancery Lane. 44 Wyndham Street.

2 Kui In Fong.

14 Jordan Road, Kowloon, 2nd Fl.

549 Mt. Cameron, The Peak. Quarry Bay.

4 Sau Wah Fong, 2nd Floor. 34 Elgin Street.

7 Po Hing Fong, Top Floor. On premises.

3 Pratt Buildings. Quarry Bay.

12 Chi Ma Terrace.

Assistant, Asiatic Petroleum Co., Ld. ... On premises.

Clerk, Chartered Bank

Book keeper, J. D. Hutchison & Co.

24 Wyndham Street, Top Floor.

7 Queen's Road.

9 Hankow Road, Kowloon.

Zimmeru, Andrew

Zimmern, William Alfred

Assistant, Benjamin & Potts Sub-Manager, Peninsula Hotel

Registry, Supreme Court, Hong Kong, 1st February, 1929.

5 Seymour Terrace. On premises.

C. D. MELBOURNE, Registrar.

HONG KONG.

RESCUE TUG KAUSING".

No. 1929

At a Legislative Council Meeting held on the 7th March, 1929, the Hon. Sir H. E. Pollock, Kt., K.C., asked the following question :-

"Will the Government obtain a report for the information of this Council, from the Honourable the Harbour Master with reference to:-

(i) the feasibility of, and

(ii) the cost (after giving credit for the estimated sale-value of her

present engines) of

substituting motor-engines for the present engines of the "Kau Sing"?

The Government undertook to obtain the report asked for and the report by the Harbour Master is printed below :-

Hon. Colonial Secretary,

1. Before discussing the feasibility of undertaking the alterations to the "Kausing' suggested in Sir Henry Pollock's question in the Legislative Council on Thursday, 7th March, 1929, I would review the conditions and circumstances under which "Kausing" was built.

Arising from the Typhoon that struck this Colony on the 18th August, 1923, the Harbour Master (Commander C. W. Beck with) addressed a letter to the Colonial Secretary proposing that Government should build a powerful Rescue Tug for the purpose of rendering assistance generally in the Harbour to all craft and making certain recom- mendations as to the requirements of such tug, one of which was:-

"5. (c) Twin screw engines making her more easily manoeuvred and with less. chance of getting foul and put out of action."

This letter was referred to the Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce by letter dated 26th September, 1923 and a reply thereto was received dated 31st October, 1923 forwarding an extract from minutes of a joint meeting of the General Committee and Shipping Sub-Committee, Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce, held on the 4th September, 1923, to discuss with the Colonial Secretary on various matters.

On the 23rd of November, 1923, the Colonial Secretary again wrote to the Chamber of Commerce forwarding an amended plan of the proposed tug stating, "Water Tube boilers are suggested with oil fuel for steaming which would enable steam to be generated quickly in typhoon weather".

On the 4th January, 1924 the Secretary, Chamber of Commerce, replied that the plans of the proposed Rescue Tug had been referred to a Special Sub-Committee of Ex- perts. On the 15th February, 1924 the Secretary to the General Chamber of Commerce again wrote to the Colonial Secretary stating that the plans had been considered in detail by the Special Sub-Committee of Experts and enclosing the minutes of their proceedings and stating that it was hoped that the notes therein would make it possible for Govern- ment to invite plans, specifications, and tenders for this vessel.

The following is an extract from the minutes of the meeting of this Special Com- mittee appointed to consider the design of the Rescue Tug to be acquired by the Hong

Kong Government held at the Chamber Room, Chartered Bank Building, on Tuesday, 22nd January, 1924 at 4 p.m. :-

"PRESENT.

Messrs. R. Sutherland, (Chairman), R. M. Dyer, J. Reid, Captain W.

Captain W. Davidson, Captain T. Arthur, Mr. W. Lang, Secretary (Mr. D. K. Blair), and the Assistant Secretary, (Mr. M. F. Key).

(3)-SINGLE OR TWIN SCREW.

The merits of single and twin screws were considered and it was unanimously agreed to recommend the former.

(4)-BOILERS.

The meeting was unanimous on the desirability of installing Scotch boilers adapt- able either for oil or coal fuel i.e. forced draught boilers developing about 1200 H.P. (triple expansion engines).

It was generally considered that it would be quite feasible to have steam on one boiler with typhoon weather in the vicinity and that no difficulty would be ex- perienced in raising the necessary full head of steam by the time the vessel came into commission.

In connection with the Water Tube boilers the meeting were unanimous that they were not desirable."

Government accepted the recommendations of the Committee in principle with slight modifications put forward at a further meeting of this Committee of Experts which was attended by the Acting Harbour Master (Lt. Comdr. Conway Hake R.N.R.,) and Mr. L. H. King the Government Electrical Engineer.

These modifications were adopted and tenders were called for bv Government Notification No. S. 208 dated 25th July, 1924 and the tender put forward by the Taikoo Dockyard and Engineering Co., Ltd., of Hong Kong was accepted and the tug was accordingly built with Scotch boilers and single screw.

2. It has been now found from practical experience of the "Kausing" that :-

(a) owing to having only a single screw she is practically unmanageable in

typhoon weather when attempting to manoeuvre alongside a ship,

(b) from cold boilers it takes 12 hours to raise steam and that even with fires banked in one boiler it is not considered safe to send her outside Harbour Limits until such time as steam has been raised in the second boiler.

3. The question of converting the "Kausing" to motor engines has been carefully gone into and I forward herewith a memorandum by the Government Marine Surveyor on the subject.

As all the machinery in the "Kausing" is at present steam driven it necessarily follows that if the present boilers and engines are removed to make way for motor engines all the present auxiliary machines (Capstan, steering engine etc.,) must be removed also, and electrical machinery fitted in lieu thereof together with a large dynamo to supply the necessary power. The estimated market value of the present machinery is about $25.000 and the estimated cost of the alterations $330,000 leaving a Debit Balance of $355,000.

As this tug, fitted with only a single screw, is very difficult to manage in typhoon weather and cannot be considered a success for the purpose for which she was provided and as the building cost in the first instance was only $250,000, I am unable to recom- mend a further expenditure of $355,000 on her, for which sum the sole gain would be that of being able to get under weigh at quarter of an hour's notice.

The only procedure that I could recommend would be the selling of the "Kausing" complete as she stands at present and the building of a new tug with twin screws.

G. F. HOLE,

25th March, 1929.

Harbour Master.

MEMORANDUM BY THE GOVERNMENT MARINE SURVEYOR.

Hon. Harbour Master,

With reference to your minute of the 7th inst. :—

(1) Conversion of "Kau Sing" from steam single screw to motor single screw is possible, but it is considered that the cost of new machinery and the struc- tural alterations necessary, would be prohibitive.

(2) The estimated cost of the change over would be approximately $350,000 to

$400,000 the lowest estimate being as follows:

Cost of motor main engines (approximately)

electric auxiliary machinery (approximately) structural alterations involved (approximately)

Total

Less estimated market value of present machinery

The probable structural alterations involved would be as follows :—

$200,000

90.000

90,000

$380.000

$ 25,000

$355,000

(1) Dispensing with the present double bottom tank beneath the engines.

(2) Building new seating for the Diesel engines, and stiffening hull in way thereof. (3) Removing strong beam, and stiffening elsewhere to compensate for same.

(4) Extensive alterations to the present casings.

(5) Removing and rebuilding seatings for all auxiliary machinery.

(6) Fitting new shaft and thrust stools.

The trim and stability of the vessel would not be greatly affected, the Diesel engines weighing approximately 20% less than steam engines, it being possible to ballast the vessel to compensate for this.

Estimates of the total cost of making the conversion have been called for and the cost is estimated at about $370,000.

These are of course only approximate, but serve to indicate the probable expense in- volved should the change over be decided upon.

Hong Kong, 20th March, 1929.

WILLIAM RUSSELL,

Govt. Marine Surveyor.

C.S.O. No. 4080/26.

No.

3 1929

HONG KONG.

REPORT OF COMMITTEE APPOINTED TO CONSIDER AND ADVISE ON THE TAXATION OF MOTOR VEHICLES.

The Committee recommend that the Taxation on motor vehicles be as follows:-

1. A duty of 10 cents per gallon on light oils as defined by the Home Regulations. No rebates to be allowed on such oils used for purposes other than fuel for motor vehicles.

2. In addition to the above :-

(a) Private motor cars and motor cycles,

$2 for each unit or part of a unit of horse-power. Such horse power to be calculated in the same way as in England. Side cars to motor cycles $5 in addition.

(b) Hackney motors (vehicles standing or plying for hire, buses, etc.),

Per seating capacity for each seat excluding the driver's seat "$10.

for the conveyance of goods in the course of trade,

Weight unladen.

Not exceeding 12 cwt.

Exceeding 12 cwt. but not exceeding 1 ton

1 ton

11⁄2 tons

For each additional

ton or part

Annual Licence.

$24

The above annual licence fees are for vehicles fitted with pneumatic tyres. The licence fees for vehicles fitted with solid tyres shall be 100% in addition to the above for each pair of wheels so fitted.

3. It is also recommended that Registration discs be carried on the vehicles them- selves similar to the discs in use in Great Britain. This is an easy method to check that licence fees have been duly paid.

4. This is on similar lines to the Motor Taxation in England which is set forth below:-

(i) A duty of 4d. a gallon on all light oils. No rebate..

(ii) In addition to the above:

(a) Private Motor Cars.

£1 for each unit or part of a unit of horse-power with a minimum

of £6.

*See Annexures I and II.

(b) Motor Bicycles.

Not exceeding 200 lbs. Exceeding 200 lbs.

Side car, Extra

Seating Capacity

(Excluding the driver)

Seating not more than 6 persons

More than 6, not more than 14

14,

20,

26,

32.

£1.10.0

3. 0.0

1. 0.0

In Metropolitan In all other

Police Area.

districts.

£15 30

£12

وو

(d) Commercial Goods Vehicles.

Weight unladen.

Not exceeding 12 cwt.

Exceeding 12 cwt. but not exceeding 1 ton

Annual Licence..

£10

1 ton

22.

2 tons

وو

دو

5. As regards a Petrol Tax, it is now generally considered that a Petrol Tax is the fairest method of taxation for motor vehicles as by this means the tax is proportional to the use made of roads. In Great Britain the tax has now been re-introduced. Objec- tions to a petrol tax are any question of rebates where petrol is used for other purposes, or for cars used for particular purposes i.e. doctors cars. In Great Britain there are now no rebates given and the only satisfactory principle is not to grant any rebates. Another difficulty was definition, this is now got over by the definition of light oils introduced into the English Finance Act of 1928. A local difficulty might be smuggling. But as the article is bulky this difficulty, which means smuggling from Canton, would not be real un- less the tax were made much higher, say 40 cents a gallon. The duty on importation to China is considerably more than that proposed for Hong Kong.

There are only about three large firms who import petrol into Hong Kong. It should be easy to license such firms for wholesale dealing and duty collected from these firms on returns periodically given to the revenue authorities, such returns being checked by the difference between Exports and Imports and amount in storage.

6. As it is not advisable to put too great a tax on petrol it becomes necessary to increase the tax on motor vehicles by other means and it is recommended that the system in force in Great Britain be adopted. That is in addition to the Petrol Tax there should be a horse power tax on private vehicles. A seating tax on Hackney vehicles and a weight tax on commercial vehicles i.e. lorries. It is further proposed to treble the last mentioned tax in the case of solid tyred lorries owing to the great damage done to roads 'by such vehicles.

An extract from the Law Reports for 1928 concerning the recent Petrol Tax is at- tached. (See Annexure II.)

- 41

7. The Committee were of the opinion that solid tyred vehicles could not be prohi- bited, and in order to discourage their use have suggested increased licence fees for such vehicles.

J. OWEN HUGHES,

HAROLD T. CREASY,

Director of Public Works.

E. D. C. WOLFE,

Captain Superintendent of Police.

C. McI. MESSER,

Colonial Treasurer.

Note: The Amount Spent in 1928 on maintenance of roads open to Motor Traffic is shown in

Annexure III.

Annexure I.

Petroleum Consolidation Act, 1928 Cap. 32.

S. 23. "Petroleum includes crude petroleum, oil made from petroleum, or from coal, shale, peat, or other bituminous substances, and other products, of petroleum”.

"Petroleum spirit means such petroleum as when tested in the manner set forth in Part II of the Second Schedule to this Act gives off an inflammable vapour at a tempera- ture of less than 73° Fahrenheit.

Schedule I Fees (5/- to £5) for licences to keep petroleum in different quantities.

Schedule II. Part I. Specification for Test Apparatus for purposes of Act.

Part II. Manner of testing for ditto.

Annexure II.

Extract From Law Reports, 1928, 18 and 19 Geo. V, Cap. 17, Finance Act.

S. 2 (1).-

-A customs duty at 4d. per gallon on all imported hydrocarbon oils.

(2) An excise duty at 4d. per gallon on all petroleum oils in United Kingdom at date (in excess of quantities of 10,000 gallons per owner.)

(3) A rebate of 4d. per gallon on (1) and (2) duties on "delivery for home consump- tion of any goods other than light oils".

"Light Oils" means "hydrocarbon oils of which not less than 50% by volume distils at a temperature not exceeding 185° C., or of which not less than 95% by volume distils at a temperature not exceeding 240° C., or which gives off an inflammable vapour at a temperature of less than 22.8° C. when tested in manner prescribed by the Acts relating to petroleum".

The method of testing oils for the purpose of ascertaining as above (re distillation and inflammable vapour) shall be such as the Commissioners prescribe.

(9) In this Act "hydrocarbon oils" means petroleum oils, coal tar, and oils pro- duced from coal, shale, peat, or any other bituminous substance, and all liquid hydro-

.carbons.

Annexure III.

The amount spent in 1928, on maintenance of roads open to Motor Traffic was as follows:

Maintenance of Roads and Bridges in City

Maintenance of Roads and Bridges outside City Maintenance of Roads and Bridges in Kowloon Maintenance of Roads and Bridges in New Kowloon Maintenance of Roads and Bridges in New Territories

TOTAL

$ 70,615.06

99,098.90

65,674.32

18,429.21

63,921.89

$317,739.38

The amount collected in Motor Licence fees, in 1928, was as follows:

Motor Car Licences

Motor Drivers' Licences

TOTAL

$ 91,704.00

25,430.75

$117,134.75

HONG KONG

Shing Mun Valley Waterworks Scheme

No. 4

1929.

C. S. O. 8 in 3245/22.

HONG KONG

Shing Mun Valley Waterworks Scheme.

No. 4

1929.

The Honourable The Colonial Secretary,

I have the honour to forward a report by Mr. Henderson on 8. 4, 24. the Shing Mun Valley Scheme.

2. The report shows that by the full development of the existing water supply of the Hong Kong and Kowloon Waterworks an approx- imate yield during the dry weather period of 11 million gallons per day for Hong Kong and 4 million gallons per day for Kowloon would be available, whilst with the completion of the works now under construction it is estimated that 9 million gallons and 21 million gallons per day respectively will be available during the dry weather period.

3. The graph attached to the report indicates that with an unrestricted supply the demand is rapidly approaching the total dry weather supply that will be available.

4. Under the circumstances, owing to the abnormal development of Kowloon, it becomes a matter of some urgency that early steps should be taken to augment the water supply on the Mainland.

5. The full development of the Shing Mun Valley Scheme will not be necessary for some years, but a commencement with a portion of the 1st Section of the Scheme should be made as a precaution against a shortage in the Water Supply during a possible drought during the next two or three years.

6. If immediate sanction could be obtained for this portion of the 1st Section of the Scheme, and the work were commenced at once, it could not be completed before June of 1926. I would therefore urge that this part of the Scheme may be let on Tender undertaken at once pending the consideration of the whole Scheme.

The approximate estimate for the full development of the Shing Mun Valley Scheme is $17,000,000.00.

8. The Low Level Sections of the Scheme estimated to cost $6,500,000.00 might well be deferred for the present, and the Gravit- ation Sections alone could be considered and proceeded with in due course. The Gravity Sections are estimated to cost approximately $10,250,000.00.

9. The portion of the 1st Section of the works recommended to be undertaken without delay is estimated to cost $2,000,000.00 and consists of:-

Access Road-Pineapple Pass

Intake Dam & temporary Conduit

North Conduit

North & South Tunnels

South Conduit, &c.

Smugglers' Pass Reservoir & Pipe Line

Reception Reservoir.

10. With the completion of these works, the water supply for Kowloon would be in a position to meet any demand, which might be created by a drought during the next few years, whilst without such augmentation of the present supply the position might become serious.

11. The requirements of Hong Kong Island itself during a year of average rainfall will for the present be satisfactorily met on the completion of the works in hand, though during a drought only a res- tricted supply can be made available. It will be noted that a portion of the 1st Section of the Shing Mun Scheme provides for the augmen- tation of the Hong Kong Island Supply by a trunk main through the Kowloon Peninsula and across the Harbour, but this portion of the Scheme is dependent upon the 1st portion of the 1st Section of the Scheme, which, it is hoped, may be undertaken early so as to permit of the whole of the 1st Section being completed within the next few years,

Harold T. Creasy

D. P. W.

15. 4. 24.

Report on the Shing Mun Valley Waterworks

Scheme by Mr. R. M. Henderson,

M. Inst. C. E., Chartered Civil Engineer.

Owing to disturbances in Canton and the Province of Kwong Tung, Increase in Population Hong Kong has become a sanctuary for many thousands of refugees. Many of these refugees return to their homes, but quite a large pro- portion find the conditions in Hong Kong so much to their liking that they remain and make their permanent homes here, with the result that the populations of Victoria and Kowloon have increased at an abnormal rate, and restriction of water supply has had to be resorted to.

Supplies

The present calculated capacities of the Hong Kong and Kowloon Existing Water Works during the minimun recorded dry period are roughly 8 million gallons and 13 million gallons per day respectively, and works now under construction will raise these quantities to roughly 9 million gallons and 24 million gallons per day respectively. The full develop- ment of the Island Catchment Areas will only yield barely another 2 million gallons per day, making a total of not quite 11 million gallons per day as their ultimate capacity. The full development of the exis- ting Kowloon Catchment Areas can only raise the existing supply to roughly 4 million gallons per day.

It will be seen from the accompanying graph of consumption that, Consumption without restriction, the normal consumption during 1924 for Hong Kong might be estimated at fully 10 million gallons per day and for Kowloon about 3 million gallons per day - figures which nearly ap- proach the ultimate capacities of our existing Catchment Areas when fully developed.

Investiga

In 1921 investigations of new sources of supply were commenced Preliminary and in 1922 a short Report was submitted making original proposals, tions which included the complete development of the Shing Mun River Valley and Southern Slopes of Taimoshan Mountain. These rough proposals were approved by Executive Council and in July 1923 after further surveys had been completed a further detailed report was sub- mitted (when it was decided to proceed with the work.)

Description

The Scheme consists of the complete development of the Shing General Mun Valley from Lead Mine Pass to the sea and the Southern and Eastern Slopes of Taimoshan, a mountain 3,130 ft. in height. It will include nine storage reservoirs varying in capacity from 55 million gallons to 1,700 million gallons, aggregating a total storage of 4,500 million gallons and draining approximately 13 sq. miles of catchment area, a large proportion of which is included by means of catch waters. The water will be conveyed by means of gravity tunnels and conduits to the filter beds situated in the lower Sheklaipui Valley and from there by pipe lines to Kowloon and Hong Kong.

The scheme as outlined is estimated to give a daily supply of 17 million gallons per day during the driest known period.

Dam No. 1, T. W. L. 710 O. D., which will have a length of 890 Dam No. 1 ft. and a height of 145 ft. above the stream bed, impounding 900 mil- lion gallons, will have a direct catchment area of 2,130 acres, but, by means of catchwaters discharging through Lead Mine Pass, an extra 514 acres will be obtained. The total Catchment Area of 2,644 acres will be sufficient to fill this reservoir with 15 inches effective rainfall.

Dam No. 2,

Pineapple

Pass Catch-

water

Dam No. 2 A

Dams Nos. 3 & 4

North Conduit

Smugglers'

Ridge or

Dam No. 2, T. W. L. 560 O. D., which will have a maximun length. of 440 L. Ft. and a depth to stream bed of 162 ft., will impound 900 million gallons. It will have a direct catchment area of 765 acres, but by means of catch waters running along the whole Southern face of Taimoshan and discharging through Pineapple Pass, an additional Catchment Area of 2,575 acres will be obtained. The total Catchment Area of 3,340 acres will be sufficient to fill this reservoir with 12 inches of effective rainfall.

Inside the direct Catchment Area of Dam No. 2, Dam No. 2A, 250 ft, long and 100 ft. in depth to stream bed, impounding 185 mil- lion gallons, will be constructed.

On the Southern Slopes of Taimoshan inside the Indirect Catch- ment Area of Dam No. 2, there are sites for two small reservoirs, Dams No. 3 & No. 4 at levels of 1,025 O. D. and 1,000 O. D. and impounding 200 million gallons and 137 million gallons respectively. These reser- voirs, as well as providing economical storage, will act as rainfall- equalising reservoirs and will allow of considerable reduction in the carrying capacity and thereby in the cost of the long catchwater dis- charging through Pineapple Pass.

From Dam No. 2 an open conduit approx. 2,800 L. Ft. long at a level of 485 A. O. D. will be constructed along the Western side of the Valley to the North Tunnel Gauge Basin.

The North Tunnel approx. 2,160 L. Ft. in length will pierce Smug- North Tunnel glers' Ridge and emerge in the valley above Gin Drinkers' Bay, dis-

charging into the South Conduit.

South Conduit

Golden Hill

or South Tunnel

Reception Reservoir

Filter Beds & Service Reservoir

Trunk Mains

to Kowloon

The South Conduit which will be approx. 2,000 ft. in length will connect the South end of the North Tunnel and the North end of the South Tunnel.

The South Tunnel approx. 4,680 L. Ft. in length will pierce the Golden Hill and discharge into a Reception Reservoir situated in the lower Sheklaipui Valley immediately above the Filter Beds and Service Reservoir sites.

Between the Filter Beds Site and the end of the South Tunnel a Reception Reservoir will be formed with an overflow into the Proposed Kowloon Byewash Reservoir thereby making the Shing Mun water available through the existing works.

As the Shing Mun Water is of a high standard of initial purity and there is not sufficient area to install slow sand filter beds, the water will be dealt with by fast gravity or pressure filters and will discharge into a Concrete Service Reservoir of approx, 5 million gallons capacity.

Trunk mains will run by way of one of the back streets of the & Hong Kong Shamshuipo Reclamation, Coronation and Nathan Roads to Tsim Sha Tsui feeding a new Service Reservoir at Pipers' Hill on the way. From Tsim Sha Tsui the pipes will cross the Harbour to Jackson Road and then by way of Jackson Road, Parade Ground and Garden Road will reach the Public Gardens where a Service Reservoir with approx. T. W.L. of 300 O. D. will be constructed. Considerable alteration will then be required in the City Distribution System.

Gravity Section of Scheme

The foregoing or Gravity section of the Scheme will give an aver- age supply of approx. 11 million gallons per day throughout the driest known period and, when this consumption is reached, the low level reservoirs will require to be put in hand.

Dam No. 5, T. W. L. 250 O. D., having a length of 502 L. Ft. and Dam No. 5 a depth to stream bed of 100 ft. will impound 400 million gallons. With a catchment area of 502 acres it will take 35 inches of effective rainfall to fill it without overflow from the upper reservoirs, but, if thought necessary, this area can be nearly doubled by means of a small catchwater.

Dam No. 6 will be situated immediately on the up stream site of Dam No. 6 Tai Wai Village and will have a top water level of approx. 100 A. O. 1. It will be 1,740 L. Ft. in length with a total depth to stream bed of 85 ft. and will impound approx. 1,700 million gallons. The direct catchment area available for this reservoir is 1,203 acres, but by means of catchwaters a further 816 acres is made available, making 2,019 acres in all. Approx. 37 effective inches of rainfall are necessary to fill this reservoir without any overflow from the upper reservoirs.

The Pumping Station will be situated below Dam No. 6 and the Rising or Pumping Mains will follow the Access Road along the South side of the valley to the gauge basin at the tunnel mouth, a distance of approx. 23 miles.

Pumping ing Mains

Station & Ris-

Bay

In the Gin Drinkers' Bay Valley there are two possible sites for Gin Drinkers a very large reservoir, but surface indications do not promise well for Reservoir foundations at a reasonable depth. If however either site on investi- gation should prove feasible, storage of between two and three thou- sand million gallons could be obtained in a position easily accessible to the main scheme. The water from this reservoir would be pumped to the South Conduit between the tunnels.

The

An Access Road 16 ft. wide having a maximum gradient of 1 in Access Road 16 will run from the Castle Peak Road at Tsun Wan to Pineapple Pass then down the Shing Mun Valley to join the Taipo Road above Shatin with a branch running North from Pineapple Pass to Dam No. 1. portion of the road from Dam No. 6 to Dam No. 2 will serve a double pur- pose, as the pumping mains will be laid along it. The total length of this road when completed will be 6 miles,

The foregoing gives the broad outlines of the Scheme with ap- proximate areas and storage capacities as far as they can be ascertained from the information now available. It is however certain that as the work proceeds and further information is obtained considerable modi- fication will require to be made.

The works will be constructed in the following order:-

Order of Construction

1st. Section. Access Road to Pineapple Pass approx. two miles 1st. Section. in length, small intake dam on Shing Mun River with temporary pipe- line, North Conduit, Smugglers' Ridge or North Tunnel, South Con- duit between tunnels, Golden Hill or South Tunnel, Reception Reser- voir, 1st. section of filter beds, service reservoir, trunk main through Kowloon Peninsula across harbour to Public Gardens, and Service Reservoirs in Public Gardens, Hong Kong, and Pipers' Hill, Kowloon.

2nd. Section. Continuation of Access Road to Dams 2nd Section. Nos. 1 and 2, construction of Dam Nos. 1, 2, and 2A, Catchwaters discharging through Lead Mine Pass, 2nd section of Filter Beds, and Second Trunk Main to Kowloon &c.

3rd. Section Catchwaters draining areas A, B, C, D, & E, on 3rd Section. the Southern Slopes of Taimoshan discharging through Pineapple Pass, Dams Nos. 3 & 4 & 3rd. Section of Filter Beds.

4th Section.

5th Section.

Available Supplies.

Gravity Section

Low Level Section

Gin Drinkers' Bay Reservoir

Estimated Cost

4th. Section. Access Road, Tai Wai Village to tunnel mouth, Low Level Dams Nos. 5 &6, catchwaters draining the Eastern slopes of Needle Hill and Grassy Hill, Pumping Station at Tai Wai Village and rising or pumping mains to tunnel mouth and third trunk main to Kowloon etc.

5th. Section (very doubtful). Reservoir in Gin Drinkers' Bay, pumping station and pumping mains to conduit between tunnels.

The 1st Section will produce an average of nearly three million gallons a day in the driest known years, whilst with the 2nd Section added the average available supply will rise to 7 million gallons a day.

The 3rd. Section will add another 4 million gallons a day, making 11 million gallons a day in all, which is the limit of the gravity section of the Scheme.

The 4th. Section or development of the low level areas will make a further 6 million gallons a day available, or a total for the whole scheme, both gravity and pumping, of approx. 17 million gallons per day in the driest known period.

The Gin Drinkers' Bay Reservoir is too problematical to be included in the Scheme, but, should such a Reservoir be possible, about 5 million gallons per day might be expected from it.

The foundations of the proposed dams have not yet been thor- oughly explored, so that it is impossible to give an accurate estimate of cost, but the following is a rough estimate based on current prices :-

1st. Section

2nd.

$3,500,000 $4,750,000

3rd. 4th.

$2,000,000

$6,500,000

Procedure

Work in hand

Lay-out Plan

$16,750,000

As prices are steadily rising, it is most probable that the above figure will be exceeded.

It is proposed to proceed with the work in the different sections as the water is required, and the First Section is now in hand.

The 1st. Section of the Access Road from Tsun Wan to Pineapple Pass about two miles in length is now under construction, while tenders have been called for the North and South Tunnels and South Conduit. Further Contracts for Pipers' Hill Service Reservoir and the Raw Water Reception Reservoir will be let before the end of the year.

The accompanying small scale General Lay-out Plan shows the General Outline of the Scheme, whilst the Consumption Graph attached indicates the abnormal rise in consumption during the last ten years.

R. M. Henderson.

A. M. Inst. C. E.

Engineer. 8. 4. 1924.

Sir,

DOWNING STREET.

13 JUNE, 1924.

I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your

despatch No. 163 of the 16th April, on the subject of the Shing Mun

Valley Waterworks Scheme, and to confirm my telegram of the 29th

of May, in which I informed you that I approved of the first part of

the scheme being proceeded with.

2. I am advised that it would not be wise to adopt the

complete scheme without first obtaining the best technical advice, and

that in view of the magnitude of the scheme it is desirable that a

consulting engineer should be sent out from this country to report on it.

I should be glad to learn your views on this suggestion.

GOVERNOR,

SIR, R. E STUBBS, K. C. M. G.

&c., &c., &c.

I have etc.

(Sd.) J. H. Thomas.

Sir,

GOVERNMENT HOUSE.

HONG KONG 16th APRIL. 1924.

With reference to your telegram of April 5th, I have the honour to transmit to you a copy of a report by the Water Works Engineer on the Shing Mun Valley Scheme together with a copy of a covering minute by the Director of Public Works.

2. The water supply from existing sources is barely suffici- ent for the needs of the present population in the most favourable circumstances: a spell of dry weather of any duration involves the restriction of the supply of water, and a prolonged drought such as occurred last year gives cause for very considerable anxiety.

3. The population of the Colony is increasing very rapidly and it is in my opinion essential that steps should be taken as soon as possible to provide for adequate supplies of water in the future. The Scheme now proposed will provide for our needs for many years

to come.

It is admittedly expensive but the expense is unavoidable and, as the cost of labour and materials is continuously increasing, it will only be increased by delay in beginning the works. I would urge therefore that the first part of the scheme should be completed without loss of time and I should be very glad to receive by telegraph your approval of this scheme.

THE RIGHT HONOURABLE

J. H. THOMAS, M. P.

&c., &c., &c.

I have etc.

(Sd.) R. E. Stubbs.

Governor, &c.

Sir,

GOVERNMENT HOUSE.

HONG KONG, 2nd SEPTEMBER, 1924.

With reference to your despatch No. 181 of the 13th June,

1924, I have the honour to inform you that all the details of the

subsequent sections of the Shing Mun Valley Water Works Scheme

are not yet completed but when these are obtained, the question of

referring them to a Consulting Engineer for confirmation and approval

will be duly considered.

THE RIGHT HONOURABLE

J II THOMAS, M, P,

&c,

&c.

I have etc.

Sd.) R. E. Stubbs.

Governor, &c.

Extract from

in C.S.O. 3864/1925

From Secretary of State.

To Governor, Hong Kong.

Telegram of 19 th October 1928.

With reference to your telegram of 6th October on the

subject of water supply.

With reference to the Shing Mun Scheme second section, I

agree to the details being worked out immediately, as it is obvious

that this will be required before long in any case.

2000

1500

2000

414 ACRES

T. W. L. 1025

DAM No. 3

580 ACRES

200 MILL GALL

1000

DAM NOA

T. W. L. 1000 187 MILL GALL

500

506 ACRES

500

1000

2000

2500

2000

ΤΑΙ ΜΟΙ SHAN A(3130

772 ACRES,

2500

HONG

2000

303 ACRES

HONG KONG WATER WORKS

SHING MUN VALLEY SCHEME.

2000

1000

262/ACRES

2000

1500

J2130 ACRES

146 ACRES

1500

1000

LEAD MINE PASS

DAM No. 1 T W. L. 710

900 MILL GALI

GALL

1000

803 MOKES

488 ACRES

TEMPORARY GNTAKE

1007

TEMPORARY

CONDUN

DAM No.2 T. W. L 560

277 ACRES

DAM No. 2A T. W. L. 109

185 MILE GALL

MILE

1500

900 MILL GALL/

1000

106 ACRES

1203

1800

2000

97 ACRES

1000

03 ACRES

450 ACRES

143 ACR

こ

ATER WORKS

LEY SCHEME.

IINE PASS

GALL

06 ACRES

1000

7 ACRES

AM No. 2A/ W. L. 709 35 MILE GAL

1500

ぐる

2000

1300

97 ACRES

450 ACRES

1000

₤208

1203 ACRES

1000

GRAVITATION SCHEME SHEWN IN RED.

PUMPING SCHEME SHEWN IN BLUE.

EXISTING SCHEMES AND PROPOSED

EXTENSIONS SHEWN IN BROWN.

143 ACRES

500

100

SHA/TIM STATION YARD

STA

CHUNG

HUE

ISLAND

500

1000

110.

T. W. L. 1000

187 MILL GALL

500

506 ACRES

100

1000

772 ACRES

500

CATCHWATER

ROSSIBLE SITES FOR RESERVOIR CAPACITY.

2000-3000 MILL GALL

100

303 ACRES

ACCESS ROAD

500

100

sov TUN

500-RECEPTION RESERVO

T. W. L. 480 36 MILL GALL

RAPID GRAVITY F

UCERES

SERVICE

100

یہاتی

CRES

500

CATCHWATER

LE SITES FOR

OIR CAPACITY O MILL GALL

500

100

303 ACRES

488 ACRES

TEMPORARY INTAKE

1001

TEMPORARY, CONDUK

ACCESS ROADS

500

1000

277 ACRES

DAM No. 2A T. W. L. 709

185 MILE GALL

MILE

1500

DAM No.

T. W. L560

900 MILL GALL

1000

1203 ACRES

NORTH

CONDUIT

502 ACRES

DAM No. 51

T. WALL. 240

400 MILL GALE

GALES

DAM No. 6 TW.. 100 1700 MILL GALL

50 ACRES

NORTH TUNNEL

SOUTH SCONDUIT

AC.

82 ACRES

ACCESS ROAD

& PUMPING MAINS

500

SOUTH TUNNEL

1000

ACRES

1000

*82 ACRES

134 JACRES

CRES

72 ACRES

RESERVOIR

T. W. L. 850

55 MILL GALL

385 ACRES

SHEK LI PUI RESERVOIR

T. W. L. 645

117 MIAL GAL

500

RECEPTION RESERVO

RECEPTION

T. W. L. 480

36 MILL GALL

RAPID GRAVE

RAPID GRAVITY FILTERS

SERVICE RESERVOIR

100

ORES

KOWLOON RESERVOIR

T. W L. 448

352 MILL GALL?

ACRES

用

FILTER

BEDS

PROPOSED BYEWASH DAM

100

100 MILL GALL

500

PIPERS HILL

SERVICE RESERVOIR

500

ACRES/

CATCH

BEACON HILLS

1000

STEEL M

1000

ORES

No. 2A

L. 109 ILF

GALL

1500

•

1000

143 ACRES

1000

1203 ACRES

No. 51

L. 240

ILL GALL

GALE

DAM No. 6 T W. L. 100

1700 MIDL GALL

100

CCESS ROAD

› PUMPING MAINS

500

ACRES/

USITE FOR

PUMPING STATION

ACRES

-ALL

ESERVOIR

500

OWLOON RESERVOIR

WK L. 448

352 MILL GALL

EWASH DAM

GALL

CATCHWATER

BEACON HILLS

1000

500

SHA TIM STATION YARD

100

500

375 ACRES

1000

371 AOREN

UNNEI

STEE

STEEL MAIN

100

تر

1000

500

GREEN ISLAND

500

100

STONE CUTTERS

ISLAND

V I

WEST P

OLD

STONE CUTTERS

ISLAND

MONG KOK TSUI

000 0006

VICTORI

WEST POINT .

500

1000

1500

SERVICE-

RESERVOIR

TYPHOON

ANCHORAGE

0000

侃

NAVAL

YARD

100

YAUMATI

STEEL MAIN

TSIM SHA TSUI

100

FRONTIER,

KOWLO

ANTON RAILWAY

LIMIT OF MAN OF WAR ANCHORAG

-0.

KELI

སྣ

EAST J

L MAIN

100

FRONTIER/

KOWLOON

CANTON RAILWAY

A TSUI

OF MAN OF WAR A

_ANCHORAGE

}

KELLET. I

EAST POINT:

HOM

-NORTH POINT

500

KOWLOON

༔་

BAY

1000

500

GREEN ISLAND

100

STONE CUTTERS

ISLAND

100 [

›NE CUTTERS

FSLAND

MONG KOK TSUN

TYPHOON

ANCHORAGE

100.00.

10000

הספר

VICTORI

WEST POINT.

500

1000

1600

VIDA

SERVICE-

RESERVOIR

YAUMATI

TSIM SHA TSUI

KOWLOON

CANTON RAILWAY

LIMIT OF MAN OF WAR,

ANCHORAGE

ས ཁམས ཁ

ARBOUR PÌPE LINE

HARBOU

KELLET I.

NAVAL

YARD

Zá

EAST POINT

HONG

100

1000

SCALE 221⁄2 INCHES 1 MILE

KONG

1000 500 0

1000 2000

3000

4000

5000 6000 7000 8000

9000

10000

11000 12000 13000 140

HUNG

KOWLOON

SHA TSUI

CANTON RAILWAY

IIT OF MAN OF WAR ANCHORAGE

KELLET I.

EAST POINT

KONG

100

HÙNG HOM

1000 10000

11000

12000 13000 14000 15000 FT.

王

-NORTH POINT

500

1000

500

PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT

WATER WORKS OFFICE

HONG KONG

3000

2500

2000

SNOTTYD 10 SNOITTIN

GRAPH SHOWING VARIATION OF ANNUAL WATER CONSUMPTION

HONG KONG

น

1500

CONSTANT SUPPLY-

·RESTRICTED SUPPLY-

·CONSTANT supply-

RESTRICTED SUPPLY-

1000

500

KOWLOON (Including water BOAT STATION)

CONSTANT SUPPLY-

RESTRICTED SUPPLY-

1913

1914

1915

1916:

1917

1918

1919

1920

1921

1922

1923

Corrigenda

Sessional Paper No. 5 of 1929 is amended as

follows:-

Page 3, paragraph 7 (f) () line 2 For "24" read "7 (d) (iii)".

Page 4, paragraph 10 (a) line 2

For "13" read "7 (b) (ii)”.

Page 4, paragraph 10 (b)

For "14" read “7 (b) (iii)”.

Page 8, Appendix III

For the footnote. officers referred to in "These are the three para. 7 (a) (iv)".

"These are the three para. II" substitute officers referred to in

C.S.Q. 3533/28.

+53

HONG KONG.

REPORT OF THE RIVER STEAMERS COMMISSION 1928.

No. 1929

ว

Introductory

The Commission was appointed in accordance with the terms of the proclamation contained in the Government Gazette of 9th November, 1928, to consider :-

(a). The status of River Trade, certificates as Master and Mate issued by the

Hong Kong Government.

(b). The agreements made between owners and master and master and crew and

the notice to be given to terminate these agreements.

(c). The system of engagement and discharge and payment of wages of native

seamen.

(d). The method of measurement of River Steamers, for passenger certificates. (e). The carriage of large numbers of free passengers as commission agents. (ƒ). The system of embarkation of passengers and loading of cargo.

(g). The employment of uncertificated pilots.

2. The first meeting was held on Wednesday November 28th, 1928, and at 6 subse- quent meetings the evidence of 13 witnesses, was taken.

3. The report presented herewith was discussed and decided upon at a meeting of the Commission held on 7th March, 1929.

The Origin of the Inquiry.

4. The total number of British River Steamers sailing from Hong Kong for riverine ports on 27th November, 1928, was 28. Of these, 8 were trading to Canton and 14 to West River ports and Macao, whilst 6 were laid up. (vide Appendix I).

5. During the years 1927 and 1928 no fewer than 7 Marine Courts were held in con- nnection with River Steamers, and, of these, two were serious casualties resulting in the sinking of ships. This compares with two Marine Courts held in connection with ocean going steamers during, the same period (vide Appendix II).

In addition, 8 Summary convictions against owners or masters were recorded.

6. The irregularities referred to indicated that the standards of these ships, and more particularly the smaller ships running to Wuchow and Kong Moon, might be inferior to those usually obtaining in British ships and various peculiarities of this trade required in- vestigation.

7. The terms of reference will now be dealt with seriatim.

(a). The status of River Trade certificates as Master or Mate.

(i). These are local certificates and their validity is limited to River Steamers plying in the waters and delta adjacent to Hong Kong. They are issued subject to local regulations made in 1913. The qualifications for obtaining either of these certificates are much inferior to those required for a foreign going certificate as 2nd Mate.

(ii). Evidence as to the origin of, or necessity for, these certificates was not obtainable, but it is apparent that there is no present or prospective shortage of officers, and, should this eventuality arise, it is considered that the better qualified officers with foreign go- ing certificates of any grade could more ably fill any deficiency. (iii). It is noted that there are no corresponding river trade certificates

for engineers.

(iv). We recommend the abolition of River Trade Certificates without prejudice however to the present holders, of whom only 3 are likely to seek employment. (vide Appendix III).

(b). The agreements made between owners and master and the master and crew

and the notice to be given to terminate these agreements.

(i). Masters are frequently engaged on an agreement terminable at 24 hours notice and the Commissioners are of the opinion that such casual occupation does not always attract a good type of officer, and that the fear of dismissal frequently restricts any ac- tion which a master may consider necessary when the interests of a ship are opposed to those of the owners. It may be noted

however that the evidence of masters was not unanimous in con- demning this practice.

(ii). The Hon. Attorney General was consulted with regard to the pos- sibility of introducing legislation to ensure the employment of masters on more reasonable terms but his opinion was unfavour- able, mainly on the grounds of interference with the freedom of contract.

(iii). The co-operation of H.B.M. Consul General, Canton through the medium of the Canton Consular District Regulations 1915 (amended if necessary) would be of material assistance in en- couraging owners to select suitable masters and we suggest this channel be further investigated.

(iv.) Agreements between the master and crew are referred to later.

(c). The system of engagement and discharge and payment of wages of native

seamen.

(i). No objection is seen to the continued use of the form of agree- ment provided by the Merchant Shipping Act (usually known as the Articles) to include such terms as may be mutually agreed upon between the Master and the crew.

(ii). It is apparent that the Articles are generally incorrectly kept and that, owing to the prevalence of the system of substitution, the names on the articles give little indication of the identity of the men actually on board.

(iii). To obviate this and to induce the engagement of capable seamen it is considered that discharges should be insisted on in accord- ance with Ordinance No. 10 of 1899, section 5 (9). Discharges should be continuous and should include a method of identifica- tion of the persons to whom they are issued. This system is in force in India and has been adopted on their own initiative by a number of the more prominent shipping Companies in Hong Kong and we see no reason why it should not be adopted officially.

(iv). It is considered that the Master would have more control over a more permanent crew and that various irregularities would there- by be lessened.

(v). The fact was elicited that the crew is generally largely in excess of the number for whom accommodation is provided and we re- commend that the crew signed on should be limited to the number for which crew

space is certified, any other persons carried being technically "passengers".

(vi). The Merchant Shipping Ordinance requires amendment to permit of the engagement and discharge of, and payment of wages to, seamen in the form and manner provided by the Merchant Ship- ping Acts.

(d). The method of measurement of River Steamers for passenger certificates.

(i). River steamers are measured for passenger accommodation in accordance with Ordinance No. 10 of 1899, section 38, which authorises the issue of a "special licence" under the regulations contained in Table F. This

This "special licence" is in all essentials a passenger certificate.

(i). The existing Hong Kong regulations are far too brief to be of any real value and difficulty is experienced in applying Board of Trade regulations as these are not designed to cater for ships carrying large numbers of Asiatic passengers on short runs. (iii). A comparison was made of the numbers of passengers that would be allowed under the existing Hong Kong regulations, the Board of Trade regulations for St. 4. ships and proposed regula- tions drawn up by officers of the Government Marine Surveyor's Sub-Department. (vide Appendix IV). A memorandum has been prepared embodying the essentials of each method of measure- ment which it is suggested should be adopted in the revision of Table F. (vide Appendix V).

(e). The carriage of large numbers of free passengers as commission agents:

(2). These people are principally carried in the smaller West River steamers with the cognisance of the owners. The majority of them act as touts for passengers and cargo whilst others are live stock coolies, hawkers etc. They pay no fare and invariably carry a small amount of cargo (sometimes dutiable) for their own account. Provided that their number does not result in an excess of the number of passengers allowed by the ship's passenger cer- tificate and their activities are profitable to the owners, we are unable to recommend any effective method of regulating the car- riage of such passengers; though it is considered that, from an administrative point of view, their elimination would be desirable.

(f). The system of embarkation of passengers and loading of cargo.

(i). Passengers are embarked at any time the ship is alongside and no system is maitained in the majority of river steamers but, with inadequate pier accommodation and easy access from sam- pans, supervision is difficult, passengers and cargo being embark- ed at the same time. Difficulty is experienced in handling and stowing cargo under these conditions and ships frequently leave with passengers and cargo indiscriminately on the main decks and in the holds.

(ii). This could be obviated by the introduction of the regulations sug- gested in paragraph 24 of this report in Ordinance No. 10 of 1899, Table F, making the carriage of passengers on the main deck conditional on the hatches being battened down and cargo only allowed on the main deck when properly secured.

(g). The employment of uncertificated pilots.

(i). Two pilots are generally carried and are usually men who have acquired some experience in piloting ships in the rivers. They have however no other qualifications and are not sufficiently re- liable to be regarded as officers a position they have often been known to assume.

(i). The extent of their authority depends upon the master and, whilst it might be desirable to accord official recognition to such

of them as are able to pilot a ship efficiently, the issue of a licence as pilot is not practical for the following reasons :—

(a). The pilots are Chinese and are employed almost entirely in foreign waters. If licences are required the Chinese Maritime Customs would appear to be the appropriate authority for their issue.

(b). 'Unless a River Inspectorate were established it is difficult to know where a competent examiner could be found to ́examine candidates in seamanship and a comprehensive knowledge of the rivers of the Canton delta.

(c). It is felt that this Commission cannot encroach upon the maritime responsibilities of another power, whatever its opinion on the subject may be.

'General.

8. The Commissioners are of the opinion that the irregularities which exist in a certain class of River Steamer are the direct result of the employment of unsuitable mas- ters and there is no doubt but that, in certain cases, the employment of such masters is advantageous to both parties.

9. It is apparent (though direct evidence was, for obvious reasons, difficult to ob- tain) that owners exist who prefer a master who, whilst holding the qualifications required by law, will countenance any irregularity that increases the earnings of the ship. At the same time masters are obtainable who, through age, misfortune, or other causes are "compelled to accept whatever terms may be offered them.

Masters in these circumstances are probably required to refund a considerable por- tion of the agreed salary and such a practice can only be attractive to an undesirable type of master.

-10. To find a remedy for this state of affairs is clearly no easy matter and, since neither party can be expected to co-operate, some form of coercion would appear to be necessary.

Three possible lines were considered :—

(a). Legislation with regard to the engagement of masters (Ruled out as imprac-

ticable, vide para. 13)

(b). Action by H.B.M: Consul General, Canton (vide para. 14).

(c). The possibility of action by the China Coast Officers Guild.

The last suggestion opens up large questions outside our terms of reference. nevertheless consider that, were the guild in a better position to exercise its influence, this particular difficulty could readily be overcome.

11. It is considered that the further supervision of ships and the determined co- operation of Masters and officers themselves would eventually eliminate undesirable offi- cers and establish the appointment of those who would insist on equitable terms of employ-

ment.

་་

12. We are of the opinion, based on our personal inspection of River Steamers, that every River Steamer should be inspected immediately prior to sailing. To give effect to this proposal we recommend the temporary appointment of two additional Boarding Officers, one of whom should, if possible, have some experience as a Marine Surveyor. It is thought that the nett cost of these appointments would not be considerable and would at least ensure that those owners whose ships are run in accordance with the best tradi- tions of the Mercantile Marine would not be penalised by the unfair competition of other badly found ships.

•

Name of Vessel.

Appendix I.

BRITISH RIVER STEAMERS.

Registered

Tonnage.

Run and Ports of Call.

Remarks.

Kin Shan

1678

Hong Kong to Canton.

Tai Shan

1904

Do.

Lung Shan

1898

Do.

Fat Shan

1959

Do.

Kwong Tung

757

Do.

Kwong Sai

817

Do.

Sai On

1194

Do.

Tung On

· 1194

Do.

Paul Beau

1054

Do.

Charles Hardouin

1054

Do.

Sui Tai

Sui An

Under Repairs, Tai-

koo Dock. Laid up at Po Tak

Wharf.

1005

Hong Kong to Macao.

Being reconstructed.

1047

Do.

750

Do.

....

670

Do.

Wing On

Cheun Chow

Sanning

582

Tai Lee

869

On Lee

622

Kwong Fook Cheung.

538

Kochow

350

Hong Kong to Kong Moon

via Wang Mun.

Do.

Hong Kong to Wuchow Under repairs.

via Wang Moon, Kuan

Chuk, Kai Kong, Sham Shui, Shui Hing, Tak Hing

and Dosing.

Anjou

354

Do.

Fook On

560

Do.

Tai Ming

403

Do.

This vessel also calls at Nam Kwan Hoc.

Tai Hing

633

Do.

Chung On

727

Do.

Kwong Ying

424

Do.

Under

repairs

Yaumati

Kong Ning

658

Do.

Kong So

482

Do.

....

Wing Hung

528

Do.

Laid up at Yaumati.

13. In conclusion, we do not wish to imply that the conditions obtaining in all River Steamers are open to criticism but the fact, that in some cases irregularities do exist, must be recognised.

We have endeavoured to effect an improvement by suggesting the general applica- tion of a standard such as might be expected in any British ship.

J. B. NEWILL,

L. J. PITCAIRN-JONES,

T. T. LAURENSON,

J. EVANS,

T. G. WEALL,

T. N. CHAU.

Appendix II.

MARINE COURTS OF INQUIRY.

No.

Date Held.

1 of 1927

March 14th

2 of 1927 .....

May 3rd

3 of 1927

May 18th

1 of 1928

January 4th

2 of 1928

April 4th and 5th

3 of 1928

June 26th and July 3rd

4 of 1928

October 18th and 19th

5 of 1928

December 6th

Particulars.

To enquire into a charge of misconduct against Mr. G. A. Carter, 1st Mate s.s. "Kwong Fook Cheong".

Circumstances attending the collision be- tween the British s.s. "Anjou" and the British s.s. "Wing On".

Circumstances attending the collision be-

tween the British s.s. "Moonshine' and the Chinese s.s. "Leung Kwong".

Circumstances attending the collision be- tween the British s.s. "Kwong Fook Cheong" and s.s. "On Lee".

Circumstances attending the collision be- tween the British s.s. "Taming" and the Lighter "Vermont" No. 3468V.

Circumstances attending the stranding and

sinking of the British s.s. "Kochow' Official No. 137695 of Hong Kong.

Circumstances attending the stranding of the s.s. "Borneo". Official No. 153537 Hong Kong.

To enquire into a charge of misconduct against Mr. P. Scully, 1st Mate of the British s.s. "Chuen Chow".

Appendix III.

LIST OF CANDIDATES HOLDING CERTIFICATES AS MASTER OR MATE

RIVER TRADE, ISSUED SINCE 1916.

Date of Passing. Certificate Issued.

Where Employed.

Frederick Wittans

Thomas Spafford

18.6.17.

10.7.17.

1st Mate.

Not in Hong Kong.

William George Sherman.

18.9.18.

Do.

Master.

Deceased.

Not in Hong Kong.

William Richard Elders

11.6.19.

1st Mate.

Do.*

Walter Harrison Lane

19.5.19.

Master..

Retired and left for Aus-

tralia 1923.

*William Claude Becks

24.9.19.

1st Mate.

Mate s.s. "Kochow".

John Thomas Inch

12.12.19.

Do.

Not in Hong Kong.

Herbert Henry Polderson.

2.2.20.

Do.

1921 left the Colony for

England.

Robert Paul McKeeham .

26.7.20.

Do.

Charles Hansen

22.11.20.

Master,

Clide Frank Fisher

30.9.20.

1st Mate

Frederick Elliot Arm-

strong Martin

13.5.21.

*Aldroaldo Fernandes

24.11.21

Do.

Master.

Not in Hong Kong.

Deceased.

Not in Hong Kong.

Deceased.

Unemployed.

Loud Honsanh

9.1.22.

Do.

In business ashore.

Cecil Smart

*Patrick Scully

William John Pendergast.

22.5.23.

2.6.25.

29.9.25.

1st Mate.

Not in Hong Kong.

Master.

Do.

Frederick Arthur Hudson.

13.10.25.

1st Mate.

Walter James Morris

20.10.25.

Do.

Albert Tarbuck

30.11.25.

. Do..

Standing by S.S.

"Cheungchow". Employed as Bos' in Tai-

koo Dockyard Co. Not in Hong Kong.

Do.

Shore Employment.

* These are the three Officers referred to in para. 11.

Appendix IV.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF THE NUMBERS OF PASSENGERS WHICH WOULD be

ALLOWED UNDER VARIOUS SCHEMES OF MEASUREMENT.

Table F. M.S.O., 1899.

Board Proposed

Percentages.

Actual

Ship.

Strict numbers

Trade St. 4.

per Memo.

legal allowed measure for

(C)

ment.

various

(B).

(C).

(B).

(A) 2.

reasons.

(A) 1. (A) 2.

TUNG ON (225′ B.P.).

Boat Deck

343

106

Superstructure Deck

711

297

711

297

Main Deck

1039

TOTAL

1740

1404

2093.

1442

68.9

102.7

TAI LEE (209′ B.P.).

Boat Deck

297

Superstructure Deck

554

296

Main Deck

836

TOTAL

1490

1424

1687

1158

68.6.

81.3

TYPICAL (178' B.P.).

Boat Deck

162

Superstructure Deck

423

135

423

135

Main Deck

667

TOTAL

1090

834

1252

834

66.6

100.00

ON LEE (168' B.P.).

Boat Deck

194

Superstructure Deck ....

479

400

134

Main Deck

596

596.

TOTAL

1075

1190

753

63.3

70.1

These figures are based on the erroneous assumption that stairways, ventilators, lavatory accommodation, lifesaving appliances, etc. comply with British Board of Trade re-

quirements.

Columns A, B and C are approximate.

Appendix V.

PASSENGER MEASUREMENT OF RIVER STEAMERS.

Saloon and First Class Chinese Passengers. (Boat and Superstructure Decks).

The numbers of person, adults, (two children under 12 years to count as one adult) "to be allowed in cabins, saloons or public rooms should be determined by the number of berths or settees 6 feet long provided in the cabins, or by the seating accommodation at the rate of 18 inches per person or 15 square feet of floor area, whichever is the smaller number, within the public rooms. In order to prevent the abuse of this regulation a limi- tation for the provision of at least 120 cubic feet of space per person should be imposed. In addition, ample provision should be made for Saloon and First Class airing space at a minimum rate of 6 square feet per person.

2nd and 3rd Class Chinese Passengers. (Boat and Superstructure Decks).

The numbers allowed to be determined as for First Class passengers, but the cabin capacity limitation in this case to be 90 cubic feet, or 12 square feet of floor area, and the airing space a minimum of 3 square feet per person.

4th Class Passengers. (Main Deck).

The main deck only should be measured for this class and the number of persons allowed should be determined by the clear area of the deck measurement from the inside of the waterway to the inside of the waterway, and as far forward and aft as, in the opinion of the Government Marine Surveyor, is suitable for the carriage of passengers. The area per person to remain as at present, viz. :-6 sq. feet. The clear area employ- ed in arriving at this figure should be obtained from the gross area by deducting all ob- structions, and for this purpose an obstruction to be defined as an obstacle over which less than 6 feet of head room exists.

A separate compartment should be provided for 4th Class unaccompanied female

passengers.

General Notes.

The decks on which passengers are carried should be covered in all cases with wood or an approved deck covering, made watertight, and further, the carriage of passengers on the main deck should be conditional on the hatches being in position and securely bat- tened down. Waterways should be fitted to the main deck and effectively scuppered, and the carriage of cargo on this deck should be limited, when passengers are carried, to such cargo as is not of an obnoxious nature, and in all cases clear passageways (at least 2 ft. 6 inches wide) should be left for access to the stairways.

•

Main deck cargo should be properly secured to prevent shifting. A deduction of one passenger for every 6 square feet occupied by cattle or cargo in main deck spaces should be made. Main deck spaces occupied by passengers should be effectively ventilated by cowl or other approved type ventilators carried up to an exposed deck, the area of such ventilators to be at the rate of 2 square inches for each person carried, these areas be- ing exclusive of any other opening such as hatches, windows, etc., which may be closed. Independent ventilation to be provided for all galleys, lavatories, etc. Proper provision should be made for giving natural light to the main deck, and in addition, electric lights of about 32 candle power each should be provided, one for every 400 square feet of deck area. These requirements are to be considered a minimum and in the case of the saloon 1st and 2nd Class accommodation should be exceeded. For the boat and superstructure decks windows which open may be considered as suitable means of ventilation for cabin. Provision should be made for the proper egress for the main deck by permanent stairways having a beadth of at least 2 inches for every 5 persons carried within this space. The positions for the stairways to be so arranged as to give effective service in an emergency. Within the 'tween deck two notices should be exhibited, stating in English and in Chinese

the area of the space and the number of passengers it is certified for.

Lavatories of the European type should be provided for the Saloon, 1st, 2nd and 3rd Class passengers at the rate of one for every 50 persons, and for 4th Class passengers, lavatories of the Asiatic type at the rate of one for every eighty persons. The lavatories should be properly constructed of steel, should be gastight, and have effective flushing arrangements. A minimum of two. to be provided in all cases for the joint use of Saloon and 1st Class passengers, two for 2nd Class, two for 3rd Class, and two for 4th Class, one for males and one for females in each category. The position and arrangement of lavatories should in all cases be subject to the approval of the Government Marine Sur- veyor.

The main fore and aft passageways on the superstructure deck for working the ship should not be measured, as they should at all times be kept clear for emergency use, (these passageways to be a minimum width of 2' 6"). Spaces alongside the engine and boiler casings, and galleys, etc. where fitted, which are subject to considerable heat should only be measured for passengers if they are suitably insulated.

Decks which are measured for passengers must be enclosed by guard rails at the ship's side, in the way of deck openings, etc., at least 3 feet 6 inches high from the top of the deck, clear of waterways, to the top of the rail, the intermediate rails being spaced not more than 9 inches apart or, if spaced more than this distance, have substantial wire netting or expanded metal fitted.

For airing purposes only such decks should be measured as are of substantial con- struction and capable of carrying with safety the number of persons who are likely to find access to them. No deck area should be allowed as airing space for passengers unless covered by a suitable arrangement of awnings.

A sufficient quantity of drinking water should be carried on all River Steamers and be available for passengers.

The number of passengers allowed should be finally limited by consideration of the vessel's stability, and the provision of adequate lifesaving appliances.

No alteration should be made to any space on board a River Steamer without the approval of the Government Marine Surveyor, who should have wide discretionary powers in the interpretation of these rules.

C.S.O. 13 in 3752/19.

HONG KONG.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE COLONY.

REPORT ON CLAYS FROM CERTAIN DISTRICTS.

No. 1929

Clay and Kaolin from Hong Kong.

The samples which are the subject of this report were sent to the Imperial Institute by His Excellency the Governor, Hong Kong, and referred to in his letter of the 8th December 1927.

It was required that the materials, which had been forwarded at the request of Dr. R. W. Brock, Dean of the Faculty of Applied Science, University of British Columbia, should be tested as to their suitability for higher-grade clay products and wares.

Results of Examination.

White Clay.

The sample consisted of 31 lb. of a fairly soft whitish clay, in the form of small lumps. It was of rather poor plasticity when mixed with water.

Pottery trials.

Unwashed clay. For use in these trials a quantity of the clay was ground to pass a sieve containing 120 meshes per linear inch. It was noticed that the material was easy to grind and that no clogging of the mill took place. An attempt to mould thin-walled vessels from the ground clay proved unsuccessful, the clay being only slightly plastic and having practically no binding power. The formation of pieces of a less fragile nature by pressing the moist clay in plaster moulds was somewhat easier, but the unfired ware was extremely weak and very difficult to handle. It was thought that finer grinding might pos- sibly improve the working properties of the clay, and a further quantity of the sample was therefore ground to pass a sieve having 180 meshes per linear inch. Trials with this finer material showed that, although a certain amount of improvement was effected by this treatment, the clay was still deficient in plasticity and would not be adapted for moulding by the usual methods.

Washed clay.A quantity of the raw clay was roughly crushed to about 1′′ mesh, and then blunged in a laboratory washing mill with about five times its weight of water. On account of the comparatively fine nature of the impurities contained in the raw clay, it was found necessary, in order to ensure that the impurities were thoroughly freed from clay, to reduce the rate of flow of the clay and water entering the blunger below that which could be successfully employed when washing a crude kaolin. After leaving the blunger the slip was allowed to settle and the separation of clay from the impurities was thereby effected. It was found that this separation was somewhat difficult on account of the fine state of division of the non-clayey particles.

The results obtained from this test showed that the crude material yielded 56.6 per cent of clay, and 43.4 per cent of residue.

The washed clay was of a fairly-good texture and colour, though not dead white: It worked well in all the tests to which it was submitted. The residue consisted mainly of kaolinized felspar and a little quartz.

Partial analyses of the washed and unwashed clay are appended.

Washed.

Unwashed.

per cent.

Silica

Si02

46.06

47.68

Alumina and Ferric Oxide.

A1203

37.90

36.13

Fe203

Lime

·Ca0

trace

Magnesia

Mg0

trace

Loss on ignition

14.73

14.06

It will be seen that there is little difference in chemical composition between the washed and unwashed materials, but there was a considerable difference in their physical characteristics, the washed material being very much more plastic.

Vessels made from the neat washed clay, after being fired to a temperature of 1060°C. for 6 hours, were strong and of a fairly good colour and free from "iron spots". Some of the test pieces, however, had cracked badly, and in all cases there was a strong tendency to warp.

Earthenware Mixtures.

A number of test pieces were made from each of the earthenware mixtures tabu- lated below. The unwashed clay used in these experiments was ground before use to pass a sieve having 120 meshes per linear inch.

Unwashed clay Washed clay

Flint

Cornish stone

Ball clay

A per cent.

B per cent.

C per cent.

D per cent.

: 45

18991

745

21939

91991

These mixtures after firing should give earthenware bodies of approximately the fol- lowing compositions:

A per cent.

per cent.

C per cent.

per cent.

Silica

SiO2

76.2

76.4

76.5

Ferric oxide,

Fe 203

19.2°

19.2

18.7

Alumina

..A1203

Bases

Ca0, Mg01

4.3

4.4

4.6

4.7

K20, Na20

The percentage of bases would probably be somewhat higher than indicated in the above table, as the amounts of soda and potash in the washed and unwashed lay were not determined.

The mixtures made with the washed clay worked well on the wheel and gave good results when pressed in plaster moulds.

Those made from the unwashed elay were somewhat less plastic and more care in moulding was necessary than when the washed clay was employed. It was found that the addition of the ball clay, as shown in table above, gave a great improvement to the work- ing properties of the mixtures.

The conditions of firing and the results of the tests carried out are tabulated as follows:-

(

Raw.

Washed. Mixture A. Mixture B. Mixture C. Mixture D.

Firing temperature

(Max.)

°C.

1100

1060

1100

1100.

1100

Duration at maxi-

mum temperature.

Hours

Drying

shrinkage

(linear)

per cent.

6.3

7.5

4.1

5.0

4.3

5.0

Firing shrinkage

(linear)

5.8

7.5

4.9

3.1

5.0

2.5

Total shrinkage

(linear)

12.1

15.0

9.0

8.1

9.3

7.5

Porosity

Warpage

44.6

36.1

34.5

32.9

36.8

32.9

Tendency

nil

to warp.

Cracked

rather

badly.

Colour

White with iron spots.

White White

White

White with few

iron spots. iron spots.

The fired ware was strong and hard, with the exception of that made from mixture C. Increasing the firing temperature of test pieces made from that mixture gave no im- provement in strength, but on the contrary a tendency of the ware to crack was obser- ved.

Glazing Tests on Earthenware. Biscuit were made from mixtures A, B, and D was glazed with both opaque and transparent felspathic and lead glazes.

No difficulty was experienced in the application of the glazes, which adhered well to the biscuit. An attempt to glaze biscuit made from mixture C was less successful, as the application of any glaze tended to weaken the body.

Stoneware

Impermeable pottery, similar to stoneware, was produced from mixtures A and B. by increasing the firing temperature to 1250°C. The total shrinkages of 11.2 per cent. and 11.8 per cent. respectively were not excessive for a semi-vitreous body of this nature. The ware was strong and a felspathic glaze maturing at a high temperature could be satisfactorily applied.

China Mixtures

The following bone-china mixtures were made, the unwashed clay used in the ex- periments being ground to 120 mesh as in the case of the material used for the earthen- ware trials.

Washed clay

Unwashed clay

Bone ash

Cornish stone

Ball clay

Mixture E

Mixture F

Mixture G

Mixture H

per cent.

81381

18891

Test Pieces made from the above mixtures, and after drying fired at 1120°C. showed the following properties :-

Mix-

ture E.

ture F.

ture G.

ture H.

Firing temperature

°C.

1120

1120 ...

Duration at maximum tempera-

ture

hours

Drying shrinkage (Linear)

per cent.

2.8

7.0

3.1

8.0

Firing shrinkage (Linear)

1.2

3.0

2.7

1.5

Total shrinkage (Linear)

5.0

10.0

5.8

9.5

Porosity

37.3

33.9

36.9

31.9

Warpage

nil

nil*

nil

Colour

white

white whitet

whitet

* A slight tendency to crack.

+ Ware somewhat "iron spotted".

All mixtures with the exception of G could be moulded easily and after firing yielded good hard biscuit-ware. Mixture G was not of a very plastic nature and a con- siderable amount of care was necessary in moulding, whilst the unfired ware was weak and somewhat difficult to handle without breakage. The fired test pieces made from this mixture were rather weak, and in some cases a number of fine surface cracks were pro- duced. Applications of lead and felspathic glazes to biscuits made from mixtures É, F and H were in all cases satisfactory.

Red clay

This sample consisted of 59 lb. of a moderately hard, reddish-brown mottled clay, only slightly plastic when mixed with water.

A preliminary washing test of the red clay showed that it contained about 25 per cent. of clay and 75 per cent. of residue, the latter apparently consisting of indurated clay, generally of a pink colour. In view of the small amount of plastic clay contained in this sample, and of the comparatively low price of terra cotta ware, it was not consider-

ed that it would be economically practicable to refine the red clay by washing. No tests were therefore carried out with the washed material obtainable from this clay. The colour of the clay, moreover, renders it unsuitable for use in good quality earthenware or china mixtures, and for that reason also no tests were carried out in this direction.

Pottery trials.

The clay used in the tests was ground to pass a sieve containing 60 meshes per linear inch, but attempts to mould this material by means of the jigger and jolley machine were unsuccessful, the clay being practically devoid of plasticity and possessing very little hinding power. In order to determine whether finer grinding would improve the pro- perties of the clay a further quantity of the material was ground to pass a 100-mesh sieve.

It was found, however, that although a considerable improvement in the working properties of the clay had been effected it was still lacking in plasticity and difficult to work, but with care it was possible to produce fairly good pressed pieces.

Further trials were then made with a mixture of 99 per cent. clay +10 per cent. ball clay, both clays being previously ground to pass a 100-mesh sieve. The addition of ball clay effected a great improvement, and this mixture worked well on the wheel, it being possible to mould small thin-walled vessels with ease.

results-

Test pieces made from this mixture and fired at 1060 ̊C. gave the following

Maximum firing temperature

Duration at

Drying shrinkage (linear)

°C. Hours

1060

per cent.

8.0

Firing Total Porosity Warpage Colour

1.5

9.5

33.4

nil

light terra

•

cotta.

The test pieces were hard and strong, wth a good "ring". It was noticed that an increase in the firing temperature to between 1120°C. and 1140°C. produced imperme- able ware of a dark brown colour, with no distortion in shape. This ware was strong and very hard, and if covered with a suitable leadless glaze would possibly be suitable for kitchen ware. The test pieces fired at 1060 ̊C. could readily be covered with a lead glaze. It was also found that the ware was suitable for covering with a white slip, one application completely coating the vessels.

Summary and Conclusion.

(a) White Clay.

Good earthenware can be made from the washed clay, with or without the addition of ball clay, but this latter material renders the earthenware mixture rather more easy to work. It appears unlikely that the use of the unwashed clay for earthenware mixtures would be commercially possible owing to its tendency to crack and to the presence of surface defects caused by ferruginous particles.

Bone china may also be made from this material, the most successful mixture employed being one that included both the washed clay and ball clay, a strong biscuit of good colour being produced.

(b) Red Clay.

This clay, owing to its colour, is not adapted for many of the purposes to which a white clay can be applied.

The results of the experiments carried out indicate that good second-grade pottery of a light terra cotta colour can be produced from mixtures of the finely-ground clay with ball clay, and that by increasing the firing temperature, dark brown impermeable ware can be made.

If it were found necessary, the composition of the body could be varied by the addition of materials, such as flint, Cornish stone, or felspar, but as a satisfactory earthenware was made by the addition of ball clay alone, it was

clay alone, it was not considered necessary, at this stage, to carry out more extensive experiments.

(a) and (b).

The white and red clays, generally speaking, cannot be regarded as high-quality raw materials. The white clay yields on washing a material resembling kaolin, from which sound earthenware can be made, and lower-grade ware can be produced from the red clay, but the difficulties of working were such that economic manufacture on a commercial scale might be impracticable, and it would be necessary for preliminary large- scale tests to be carried out.

15th May, 1929.

Corrigenda

Sessional Paper No. 7 of 1929 is amended as follows;-

Page 71, paragraph 2 should read:-

2. We have also received reports from Heads of Departments, as well as repre- sentations from many classes, grades and individuals, and to these reports and representa- tions, as well as to the oral evidence adduced before us, we have given our most careful consideration.

Page 72 paragraph 9

TOTAL

$1,160

should read

TOTAL

$1,060

Page 72, paragraph 10, second line:-

"Estimate" should read "Estimates'

Page 89, paragraph 115

Constables 1st Class

should read

Constables 1st Class

Page 90, paragraph 120 should read

312 to $300 by $12 annually;

312 to $360 by $12 annually;

120. For the Discipline Staff we recommend scales as follows:-

Chief Warders £475 to £535 by £20 annually;

Assistant Chief Warder £470.

Principal Warders £370 to £430 by £15 annually;

Warders £190 to £330 by 5 annual increments of £10, 2 of £20 and 5 of

£10..

Page 90, paragraph 123 should read

123. For the Trades Instructors we recommend a scale of $600 rising to $700 per annum by $25 annually. The Office Attendant should receive $252 to $300 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years, and the Motor Driver, who we understand holds the rank of Warder, the scale suggested above, namely, $430 to $550 by $30 annually.

Sir.

HONG KONG.

REPORT OF THE SALARIES COMMISSION.

No.

1929

We were appointed as Commissioners by a Commission issued under the Public Seal of the Colony and dated the 19th day of October, 1928, to consider :--

(i) the adequacy of the salary scales of officers employed by the Govern-

ment of Hong Kong;

(ii) the currency basis on which the salaries of officers ordinarily recruited in England should be quoted and paid when in the Colony and on leave;

(iii) the principles on which acting pay, charge allowances and overtime

allowances should be granted.

By a further communication received from the Colonial Secretary dated 6th June, 1929, we were requested to embrace in our enquiry the following matters namely:-

(iv) the provision of Government quarters, the rent, if any, to be paid for such quarters, and the allowances to be granted to officers occupying out- side accommodation or houses of their own, especially houses in rural areas such as Tai Po where market value is not easily determinable.

On these subjects we have the honour to report as follows:-

General.

1. The Commissioners have held 54 meetings. At 34 of these, oral evidence was taken, and 277 witnesses, representing every class, grade and group of the Govern- ment Service attended, and were examined by us.

3. Before dealing specifically with the matters submitted for our investigation, we desire to make certain observations of a general character, which have influenced us in coming to the conclusions which appear in this Report.

4. The last general revision of Salaries was made as the result of the Report of the Salaries Commission appointed in January, 1919. In accordance with the recommenda- tions of that Commission, salaries at present are fixed in sterling and in dollars; the former in the case of Government employees generally recruited in England, and the latter, in the case of those recruited locally.

While

5. But a salary expressed in sterling must create misunderstanding in those who are not aware of the manner in which it is paid to an officer of the Government. he is on leave, or for the purpose of calculating the pension to which he is entitled on final retirement, the nominal sterling figure is taken. But while he is at his post he receives his pay in dollars which normally would be calculated at the rate of exchange pre- vailing either on the day of payment or during some fixed period previous to it.

6. The Government has, however, recognised that it is undesirable that the number of dollars drawn locally by Government employees on sterling salaries should fluctuate unduly with the value of the dollar and secondly that, owing to the great increase in the cost of living in the Colony during the last eight years, the sterling salaries scales fixed in 1919 would, if paid according to the prevailing rate of exchange, be inadequate.

There is the additional reason that the fall in the value of the dollar has made the remittance of sterling to England for the maintenance of families and of children at school much more expensive.

7. After the 1919 Salaries Commission. all sterling salaries were fixed at a 2/- dollar for the conversion of sterling into dollars, but this simple arrangement proved untenable in 1920, in comparison with the previous Exchange Compensation Scheme of 80% at 1/9d., and 20% at the average current rate of exchange, owing to the rapid fall in the value of the dollar which took place shortly after the revised salaries came into force. A sliding scale therefore was introduced under which an officer was paid at the rate of $10 to the £1 when the dollar was at, or over, 4/4d.; and at $12 to the £1 when the dollar was at 2/6d. or under. There were other rates at intermediate values of the dollar, but these need not be considered as the dollar is now at a little under 2/- and there is some probability that it will remain in the region of 2/-; though it would be a rash man who would stake his reputation on an unqualified opinion as to the exchange value of the dollar in any circumstances.

8. Since the sliding scale was brought into operation, the cost of local living has continued to increase and the burden of officers who have to remit money home for the support of their families and dependents, and for the education of their children, has become heavier. In July, 1928, the Government recognised these facts, and made a fur- ther allowance to officers of 2 per cent of the dollar equivalent of their sterling salaries if they are married, and of 1 per cent if unmarried for every penny that the value of the dollar is below 2/6d. up to a maximum of 18% or 9%, as the case may be.

9. Taking the dollar at 2/-, these two concessions mean that married and un- married officers paid on a sterling basis receive an additional 34.4% and 27.2%, respec- tively, on their nominal sterling salaries, and as an example as to how these percentages are calculated we set out below the sterling and dollar equivalents which married and un- married officers receive when their nominal salary is £1,000 per annum.

Married.

Salary £1,000.

$12 to the £= Plus 12%

TOTAL

$1,120 at 2/-

£112, or £1,344 per annum i.e. £1,000 plus 34.4%.

$1,000 monthly

120

$1,120

Unmarried.

Salary £1,000.

$12 to the £

$1,000 monthly

Plus 6%

TOTAL

$1,060

$1,060 at 2/-

£106, or £1,272 per annum i.e. £1,000 plus 27.2%.

We would draw particular attention to the difference between the nominal sterling salary and the salary which is actually drawn by an officer when at his post, and in this connection it seems obvious to us that the basis which allows such a large disparity be- tween the nominal sterling salary and the amount of the salary actually paid requires modification.

10. It is difficult to name a figure which shall represent the increase in the cost of living during the last 8 years. Estimates by persons who have given evidence before us or sent in written statements, varied very greatly, and it is interesting to remark that our failure repeats the experience of the Ceylon Salaries Commissioners who in their Re-

.....

port (1921) stated that "owing to the complexity of the factors involved and the lack of sufficiently comparable data it was beyond our power to arrive at a mathematically accurate index figure of increase" It is also difficult to differentiate between the pro- portion of that increase which may be regarded as permanent and that which is due to temporary causes.

11. But, after the most careful consideration that we can give to the subject, we think that the percentage increases already granted fairly represent the total additional expense which Government should be called upon to meet, if fair treatment is to be shown to officers on a sterling basis; and that a 15 per cent addition to the existing nominal sterling salaries may properly be regarded as representing a permanent increase in the cost of living in the Colony.

12. We recommend that the present system of allowing $12 to the pound, plus a varying percentage for the conversion of sterling into dollars, be abandoned and that in its place the following be substituted :—

All sterling salaries of employees of the Government should be increased by 15%, subject to the conditions laid down in paragraph 13, infra, and should be paid to them when on duty in Hong Kong on the last day of each month in dollars, Hong Kong Currency, at the average opening published demand rate of exchange on London of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, from the 15th of the preceding month to the 15th of the month for which payment is to be made, provided that such average demand rate of ex- change on London for the month is 2/-, or less than 2/-, but if the average demand rate of exchange be more than 2/- the salaries shall be paid in dollars Hong Kong Currency at exchange 2/-.

In addition to the above, we recommend that the Government, at its discretion, continue to pay a High Cost of Living Allowance to officers but not exceeding :-

15% of the nominal sterling salary of married officers and 71% of the nominal

sterling salary of unmarried officers.

Taking exchange at 2/-, for example, and applying the rule strictly, a married officer at present receiving a nominal salary of £1,000 per annum and actually $1,120 per mensem will receive £1,150 per annum plus a high cost of living allowance of 15% £1,322.10.0d. per annum or approximately $1,102.10 per mensem.

Similarly, an unmarried officer at present receiving a nominal salary of £1,000 per annum and actually $1,060 per mensem will receive £1,150 per annum plus 71% £1,236.5.0d. per annum or approximately $1,030.20 per mensem.

This would mean that the amount of the dollar salaries drawn in Hong Kong would be slightly reduced, but the leave and pensionable pay would be increased by 15% for both married and unmarried officers.

13. In fixing salaries on a sterling basis we have given effect generally to the con- siderations dealt with in the two last preceding paragraphs; but we have endeavoured to retain to an officer the number of dollars he is at present drawing, and this has made it necessary to depart frequently from the literal application of the rule laid down in para- graph 12 of this Report.

14. Other considerations obviously apply in the case of officers on dollar salaries. Here, as with sterling salaries, we have been faced with the difficulty of arriving at a fig- ure which would accurately represent the increase in the cost of living. A very large proportion of the witnesses have enlarged on this increase as a fact and have proved to us the difficulty they have in balancing their domestic budgets. We have given our most careful consideration to the question as a whole and we have come to the conclusion that a 20% increase on dollar salaries would be fair to this class of officer. We have kept this percentage in mind in making our recommendations but have not adhered to it literally in every case.

15. A matter emphasised by many witnesses was the difficulty, if not impossibility, that many married officers have in maintaining themselves, their families and dependents on existing scales of pay. We assume that Government is willing to give serious considera- tion to such representations but we think that it should be laid down as axiomatic that Government is not called upon, as from the first entry of any person into its service, to provide a salary which is sufficient, not only to keep himself in reasonable comfort, but also to maintain a wife and children, and possibly even parents.

16. We consider that after six years completed service is a reasonable stage at which an officer might expect that his pay should be sufficient to enable him to lead, in decent comfort, the ordinary domestic married life of his grade in society and we have kept this principle in view in all the recommendations which we have made.

17. Related in some respects to this question of the stage at which male officers should be enabled to marry on their pay, is the difference in the rate of salary paid to male and female employees of Government respectively.

It was urged strongly before us that as women, particularly those serving under the Education department, are doing the same work as male officers, they should be practically on the same scale of pay.

They further argued that, although they would not, in the ordinary course of events, have to support a family, many of them had parents and other relatives partially dependent on them. But we think this latter argument answered by the fact that this liability is shared by many male officers. We have carefully considered the case present- ed to us on behalf of female employees of Government, but we have come to the conclu- sion that there are fundamental differences between the position of a male and a female servant of Government. To give a single illustration of these differences-it is not within the immediate contemplation of Government to create a Widowers' and Orphans' Pensions Scheme.

18. A very general complaint was laid before us of the stagnation in promotion which occurs when an officer has reached the top of an incremental scale. It appears to us that the object of an incremental scale is to reward the increasing value of an officer's services and to mitigate the condition of stagnation, but a point is reached when the bene- fit derived by Government from the services of an officer in the particular post is fully re- warded by the maximum salary attached to it. Provided the proportion between higher and lower posts is adequate, it is but fair that an officer should await promotion to a higher post for an increase in pay.

There may, however, easily arise cases when an officer's promotion is interfered with owing to his special qualifications in a particular office; in such cases it is mani- festly unfair that the value of his services should operate against his selection for promo- tion, and the consequential receipt of an increased salary; and we think that, if he does not receive merited promotion for this reason, he should be compensated by a personal allowance which should be pensionable.

19. Another general grievance was the size of increments and the length of time that it takes an officer to reach the top of the scale. We think that the grievance is in many cases justified. Also, having regard to what we have said in paragraph 16 of this Report as to the time at which an officer should be entitled to find himself in a position to marry, we are of opinion that when he reaches that stage of his service, the increments. received by him should as a rule be further steepened for a period of 2 years. In this connection we may mention that existing increments appear to have been fixed without any due regard to principle. In some cases junior officers draw larger increments than their seniors, while material differences appear amongst officers of similar standing. In our recommendations on this matter we have kept in mind the points referred to in this paragraph.

20. It has also been represented to us that some compensation is due to Senior Officers, when they retire, in respect of advantages which have been conferred on mem- bers of the public service generally in late years; such as free passages on leave, rent allowances, charge allowances and exchange compensation. We are unable to recommend that this representation should be given effect to. In the first place it would certainly be followed by similar requests in analogous cases which it might be difficult to differen- tiate; and in the next place, these very great advantages have been granted to meet con- ditions as they arose and were not intended as admissions that they ought to have been granted previously as a matter of right dealing between Government and its servants.

Heads of Enquiry.

I. Adequacy of existing scales of salaries.

21. We propose to follow the order in which salaries are dealt with in the Estimates, but we desire to emphasise the claim of employees receiving less than $20 a month to primary consideration of their position should it be necessary to fix an order of priority.

22. We have not overlooked the important bearing that any increase in the pay of persons of this class must have on the general labour market. We apprehend that, normally, Government, which after all is spending the money of the taxpayer, should not compete with the private employer and pay wages higher than the standard rate. But this rule, must, in its application, be subject to one important limitation: that the standard rate must not be below a figure which will enable a labourer to live decently.

We have throughout our enquiry considered only salary scales and have made no recommendations regarding labourers on daily wages which, in our opinion, must depend solely on the market rate.

23. We think, after a careful consideration of the evidence of a large number of witnesses of this class, that the lowest wage paid to a labourer in Government employ should be $12 a month although in most cases we have recommended a commencing wage of $13 a month. This compares favourably with wages paid by private employers. In many cases men stated quite frankly that they had entered Government service because they improved their position by doing so, and they were fully alive to the advantage which greater security of continued employment gave them.

24. These labourers are already entitled to free quarters or an allowance in lieu thereof in accordance with General Order No. 110A. para. 2. We were impressed by the advantage accruing to the employee who is able to obtain free married quarters; and to the single employee housed in barracks where the numbers messing together resulted in an appreciable reduction in the average cost of living. The hardest case of all is that of the married employee who is required to occupy single quarters, is unable to join a mess, and thus has to support two separate establishments. This subject is more fully dealt with in connection with quarters and rent allowances generally and we would only remark here that we consider that the Government should, wherever possible, pro- vide free married quarters to all employees of this class with over six years' service.

25. Government has already provided for increments of salary to this class of employee by the system of good conduct allowances in accordance with General Order No. 30 (3) which reads as follows:-

"Good · Conduct Allowances at the rate of $12 a year may be granted to subordinate officers on fixed salaries without increments after each com- pleted term of three years' satisfactory service, provided that the total of such allowance shall not at any time exceed the amount of the officer's. basic salary".

Our view is, however, that stated increments after defined periods of service, should take the place of Good Conduct Allowances and we recommend that Good Con- duct Allowance cease and be replaced by increments of $12 per annum after 3, 6, 9. and 12 years respectively. We consider a system that permits an employee of this class to double his salary even after a long period of years as inadvisable. Where, however, wages on the maximum of the scale recommended by us are less than the aggregate of the Good Conduct Allowances and the existing wage we consider that a personal allow- ance should be granted to the individual concerned to make up the deficiency.

26. We have been struck by one fact that comes out very clearly in the evidence, and that is the importance which labourers on the lowest grades of salary attach to the almost invariable practice of Chinese private employers in giving a bonus at China New Year. We realise that a recommendation that Government should adopt a similar prac- tice savours of heterodoxy. But we are satisfied that if it is possible to give effect to our views on this subject, the concession would be greatly appreciated.

It is unnecessary to lay stress on the important part that China New Year plays in the life of the Chinese people; and the great value that would be attached to the pos- session of a lump sum at this time. Most of these men will never rise out of the class into which they are born, and their domestic expenses exhaust all their earnings and make it practically impossible for them to collect any appreciable sum for any special occasion. A bonus such as we propose would, we believe, go a long way to make them contented, and we therefore recommend that every employee drawing not more than $20 a month be given one month's pay at each China New Year, provided he has previously completed one year's service, and half a month's pay after 7 months service. We estimate the cost of this concession would be about $40,000 a year.

27. We now proceed to deal with the various Departments of the Government on the principles which we have laid down in the preceding paragraphs of this Report. Where 15% only on sterling salaries or 20% on dollar salaries, or sums based on these percentages respectively necessary to express the scales in round figures, have been added to the existing scales of salary, we have given no special reasons for our recommenda- tions; but where we consider such amended scales inadequate we have given our reasons in detail.

1. GOVERNOR.

28. The present emoluments of His Excellency the Governor were fixed in 1904. They consist of a sterling salary of £4,800 per annum and an Entertainment Allowance of £1,200 per annum. Salary and Allowance are paid in accordance with the rules applic- able to Government servants generally so that H. E. the Governor, while in Hong Kong, draws salary at the rate of $5,376 per mensem and entertainment allowance of $1,344 per mensem when the dollar is at 2/-, a total of $6,720.

29. The sterling salary of the Governor was fixed by the Secretary of State for the Colonies with special reference to the salaries payable in the case of certain other Governorships and we understand that H. E. does not desire that any alteration should be made in the amount. The High Cost of Living Allowance suggested by us in paragraph 12, supra, would of course be payable on this salary, but as the maximum allowance sug- gested is 15 per cent instead of 34.4 per cent, as at present, the number of dollars drawn locally by the Governor would be diminished unless the amount of the Entertainment Al- lowance is increased correspondingly

30. The Entertainment Allowance is payable only while the Governor is in the Colony and is available for the Officer Administering the Government when H.E. is absent on leave. The present allowance is, however, wholly inadequate to cover the cost of entertainment, and in the case of the Officer Administering the Government a period of acting is a heavy drain on his private resources. We recommend that the allowance be in- creased to £2,200 per annum on which sum also the High Cost of Living Allowance will be payable. The result will be that the Officer Administering the Government will not have to meet any part of the cost of entertainment out of his own pocket, while H. E. will not be materially affected by the reduction of the high cost of living allowance from 34.4% to 15% on his substantive salary.

31. The Governor's emoluments locally will then become :-

Salary £4,800

plus 15% H.C.L. Allowance

Entertainment Allowance £2,200

plus 15% H.C.L. Allowance

a total of $80,500 as compared with the present figure of $80,640.

$48,000

7,200

$55,200

$22,000

3,300

25,300

32. We consider that the salaries at present paid to the Private Secretary and the Aide-de-Camp are inadequate and we note that the Secretary of State for the Colonies agreed (Despatch No. 130. of the 17th April 1928) that some increase is desirable. We recommend that the salary of each post be £500 per annum.

33. The salary of the Custodian at Government House is the same as that of several groups of Subordinate European officers of the lower or 2nd Class. It is desirable that the officer performing the duties of Custodian should remain in his post over a con- siderable period of years and should not be tempted to look for promotion to other posts. We consider therefore that the scale of salary should be a long one covering roughly the same range as that of subordinate officers of the 2nd and 1st Classes. We recommend a scale of £260 rising by 5 annual increments of £10, 2 of £20 (after the sixth year in accordance with the principle laid down in paragraph 19) and 7 further increments of £10 to £420 with an efficiency bar at £350.

34. Chinese Staff of Government House. Provision is made in the Estimates for certain household servants only. We recommend that their salaries shall in future be as follows:-

1 Chauffeur:—$960;

1 Amah :-$324;

1 House boy :-$252 to $300 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years;

1 Laundryman :-$360;

4. Messengers and 4 House coolies:-$156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6,.9 and

12 years; and

1 Stoker-$216 to $240 by $12-annually.

35. Apart from these we understand that the Governor employs one chauffeur, three table boys, one hall boy, one personal boy, one kitchen boy, two cooks, nine house coolies, two amahs, one motor-cleaner, twelve chair coolies and one laundryman, whose wages exceed $7,000 per annum. We consider that the major portion of the Staff at Government House and Mountain Lodge should be provided for out of public funds and we recommend that a sum of $5,000 should be provided annually in the estimates for the purpose.

36. The Governor receives no conveyance or travelling allowance, but a sum of $1,040 is provided for running expenses of one car. We consider that the Governor should be provided with two cars and that they should be maintained and run at Govern- ment expense.

We consider also that the Governor should at all times, and his staff while on duty, have free conveyance on any of the Government launches.

37. Expenses are incurred from time to time for house decorations; we consider that these should be defrayed from public funds and that H. E. should be required to pay for coal, gas, electric fans, light and power only when consumed in the non-public rooms. The central heating plant recently installed in Mountain Lodge is required mainly for the preservation of the building and its contents from damp, and should be operated and maintained wholly at Government expense.

2. THE CADET SERVICE.

38. Since the revision of salaries in 1920 the emoluments of the Cadet Service have been determined by means of a "time scale" in so far as the junior or Class II Officers are concerned, with five posts on a higher scale of salary for senior or Class I Officers in charge of the main Departments of Government.

The scales then fixed commenced with a salary of £350 per annum for an Un- passed Cadet rising to £375 on his passing his second examination in Chinese, usually after about one year's study, and to £400 per annum on passing his fourth and final ex- amination after a further year. Thereafter his salary rose by two annual increments of £25 and fifteen annual increments of £50 to £1200 per annum with two "efficiency

bars" at £600 and £900 per annum. The five senior posts carried salaries of £1250 rising by annual increments of £25 to £1500.

An alteration of these salaries affecting the lower half of the time scale was approved by the Secretary of State, (Telegram of 9th July 1928) "subject to review by proposed Salaries Commission". As from 1st January, 1929, therefore, the initial salary of an Unpassed Cadet became £375 per annum rising to £400 on passing his second ex- amination and to £440. on passing his final examination in Chinese; thereafter rising by nine annual increments of £40 and 8 annual increments of £50 to £1,200 per annum. The two scales coincide on and after the 12th year of service at the salary of £800.

39. We understand that considerable difficulty has been experienced latterly in obtaining suitable recruits in England for the Cadet Service. In the Malayan Salaries Commission Report (1920) at p.35. attention is called to the difficulties experienced by the Malayan Government in obtaining recruits for its cadet service, and to the fact that the service under the Government of Hong Kong was being given clear preference over that of Malaya presumably as the result of better financial terms offered by the former Government. In the last two or three years this preference has been transferred to Malaya, and it is now the Government of Hong Kong which finds it difficult to obtain recruits for its Cadet. service. Only two Cadets were selected from the Candidates at the 1926 examination although we understand three posts were offered, and only two on the results of the 1927 examination although provision for four new cadets was consi- dered to be the minimum necessary. In 1928 six appointments were made, probably, as a result of the concessions granted by the revision of the time scale and the addition of the percentage increase to salaries.

40. We have carefully considered the salaries paid in the Cadet Services of Ceylon and Malaya, and have given careful attention to the consideration that the Cadet Service of Hong Kong is a small one, that the Senior posts to which its members can aspire are not numerous, and that a cadet who selects Hong Kong will in the great majority of cases spend his official life there. But we deprecate strongly any pecuniary competi- tion with those Colonies to attract candidates to the Cadet Service of Hong Kong. The efforts of Government should, in our opinion, be directed to the provision of a reason- able salary having regard to the qualifications thought essential; and the experience of British Colonies and Protectorates in West Africa and in East Africa proves conclusive- ly that an ample supply of competent officers is available under a system of selection.

41. We recommend, therefore, that the initial salary of an unpassed Cadet should be £450 per annum, rising to £475 per annum on passing his second examination in Chinese, and to £525 on passing his final examination. His salary should rise thereafter by three annual increments of £50, one increment of £75 and one of £100 (after the sixth year in accordance with the principle laid down in para. 19), and eleven further increments of £50, to £1,400 per annum, with two efficiency bars at £675 and £1,100 per annum.

42. In Class I there are at present 5 posts and this number has remained unaltered since October 1913. In that year there were 26 cadet officers and there are now 36, so that we consider that an increase in the number of Class I posts is justifiable. We recom- mend that the number be increased to 7. An officer is at present promoted to the Class and not to a particular post. We do not, therefore, think it necessary to specify which posts should be included among the 7 Class I appointments. For these posts we recom- mend a scale of £1,500, rising by £50 annually to £1,800 per annum.

3. THE SENIOR CLERICAL & ACCOUNTING. STAFF.

43. In regard to this branch of the service we have been asked to make recom- mendations on subjects not within the terms of reference for our general enquiry, in accordance with instructions received from the Secretary of State for the Colonies. The questions involved can be summarised as follows:-

(i) Whether the grading of the Staff should be on a personal basis or accord-

ing to posts:

(ii) Whether the Post Office staff of Superintendents of Mails etc., should be

included in the Staff :

(iii) Whether any other posts should be included or excluded.

44. As regards (i) we consider that, apart from the Special Appointments where the duties of the posts and qualifications required of officers differ widely, a classification of individual officers is preferable to one of posts. We note that this system works satis- factorily in the case of the Junior Clerical Service. It would, moreover, be very difficult, without a most exhaustive enquiry, for a Commission like ours to determine the relative importance of the various posts included in the Senior Clerical & Accounting Staff, for the purpose of classifying them.

45. As regards (ii) we consider that the Post Office Staff of Superintendents of Mails etc., with specialised duties, should be separate from the Senior Clerical & Account- ing Staff. We have dealt with them therefore under the heading "Post Office".

46. As regard (iii) we have in a subsequent paragraph suggested the inclusion of one additional post among the Special Appointments; but as we have adhered to class- ification by individuals and not by posts in the lower classes it is unnecessary for us to state what the establishment in each class should be.

47. We recommend, therefore, the following salaries :-

Special Appointments:

Secretary to D.P.W.

Accountant, Post Office

Chief Clerk, C.S.O.

Supt. of Accounts & Stores, P.W.D. First Clerk, Magistracy

Accountant, Treasury

Chief Accountant, Railway

£820 to £1050 by 7 annual increments of

£30 and 1 of £20.

£700 to £950 by £25 annually.

£700 to £825 by £25 annually.

We consider the post of First Clerk at the Magistracy to be of sufficient importance to be made a "Special Appointment", if the present practice of the occupant acting for long periods as a Magistrate is to be continued.

These Special Appointments have been grouped here but they are also entered separately under the Departments to which they are attached.

48. For the remainder of the Senior Clerical & Accounting Staff we recommend three classes as follows:-

Class I

Class II

£600 to £700 by

£20 annually;

£460 to £560 by

£20 annually;

Class III ...

£250 to £445 by 6 annual increments of £15, 2 of £30 and

3 of £15;

with Probationers at $1,200, rising by annual increments of $120 to $1,560. In the case of three officers of the Senior Clerical & Accounting Staff in receipt of dollar salaries, we recommend a scale of $6,800 rising by $200 annually to $8,000.

49. For the Confidential Assistants and Stenographers we suggest a salary of £350, rising by £20 annually to £470 per annum.

For Stenographers on the local or temporary staff we consider that the present scale of $2,400 rising to $3,600 by $200 annually is adequate; should it be considered desirable to place these ladies on the permanent staff with leave and pension privileges after a certain probationary period, we think a suitable scale is £275, rising by incre- ments of £20 annually to £335 per annum.

80.

4.-JUNIOR CLERICAL SERVICE.

50. The Junior Clerical Service is divided into eight classes :-The Higher Class, Classes I to VI and the Special Class. Class VI is divided into A & B Sections, both sections having the same maximum salary though Section A commences at $750 per annum and Section B at $450. Section A, we understand, is of the nature of a "sieve" for promotion to Class V. We have not again divided Class VI into two sections, leav- ing such subdivision, if it is considered desirable under the new salary scales, as a detail to be decided later by Government.

51. We consider that $40 a month is the minimum salary that should be paid to a clerk; and after one year's service this sum should be increased to $45 a month. A clerk is engaged, we understand, on 2 years' probation and on the expiration of the probationary period he is taken on the permanent staff and is permitted to contribute towards Widows' & Orphans' Pensions. It is more convenient then to quote salaries, which are abated by 4% contribution to Widows' & Orphans' pensions, in round figures per annum. We recommend therefore that he should receive in his third year of service a salary of $700 per annum rising by 3 annual increments of $50 and-after the sixth year in accordance with the principle laid down in paragraph 19-two increments of $100 to $1,050. The higher classes follow on from this figure.

52. The following scales are recommended :----

Class VI $480 to $1,050 rising by annual increments, one of $60, one of

$160, three of $50 and two of $100;

Class V $1,100 to $1,400 by $100 annually;

Class IV $1,500 to Class III $1,900 to

Class II $2,700 to

Class I $3,500 to

$1,800 by $100 annually; $2,600 by $100 annually; $3,300 by $150 annually;

$4,500 by $200 annually;

Higher $4,800 to $5,600 by $200 annually; and '

Special Class $1,200 to $2,400 by $100 annually, with an Efficiency Bar at

$1,800.

•

53. We would call attention to the question which arises as to the numbers of officers who should appear in each of the Classes. We understand that a scheme is already in force for the gradual increase in the numbers of the senior classes so that the pro- portion between senior and junior posts may be adequate. We consider that this scheme should continue and that a similar readjustment should be made periodically.

54. There is one further matter which we feel we must deal with though it does not come strictly within the terms of reference for our enquiry. The Indian members of the Junior Clerical Service-and also the Indian Police-have brought to our notice. that they are granted leave on half pay only. We recommend that in future they should be granted full pay leave to India. Indian Officers, generally, have also drawn our attention to the fall in the exchange value of the dollar relative to the rupee. There was at one time, prior to 1920, a scheme of privileged rates of exchange for remittances to India in the case of the Police. We have carefully considered the question but cannot recommend that any exchange privileges be granted.

5.--COLONIAL SECRETARY'S OFFICE.

55. We recommend that the salary of the Colonial Secretary be in future £2,300 per annum.

This represents an increase for leave and pension purposes only.

56. The salary of the Chief Clerk recommended under the Senior Clerical and Accounting Staff is £700 to £950 by £25 annually.

57. We recommend the following salaries for Office Staff:—

3 Office Attendants 1 at $312 to $360) by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years;

2 at $252 to $300)

10 Messengers and 4 Coolies at $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12

years.

6. SECRETARIAT FOR CHINESE AFFAIRS.

58. The Secretary for Chinese Affairs and his Assistants have already been dealt with under the Cadet Service.

59. We recommend that, as heretofore, the Inspector of Factories should receive the same rate of pay as that of a Senior Sanitary Inspector; this will be, if our recom- mendations are accepted, £475 to £575 by £20 annually.

60. The salaries of the Office Staff should be:--

4 Office Attendants 2 at $192 to $240) 2 at $252 to $300ƒ 2 Messengers and 3 Coolies at $156 to

by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years;

$204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12

years.

7.-TREASURY.

61. The Treasurer and his Assistants already appear under the Cadet Service.

62. As recommended under the Senior Clerical and Accounting Staff, the post of Accountant should carry a salary of £700 to £825 by £25 annually.

63. The Office Staff should be paid as follows :

1 Office Attendant at $312 to $360 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years;

6 Messengers at $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years;

1 Watchman at $144 to $192 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years;

1 Temporary Messenger at $13 a month; and

4 Pressmen at $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12

years.

8.-AUDIT DEPARTMENT.

64. We recommend that the salary of the Auditor be £1,100 per annum rising by annual increments of £50 to £1,400 per annum, and of the 1st and 2nd Assistant Auditors £800 to £1,050 by £50 annually. For the 3rd Assistant we suggest a scale of, £450 to £700 by £50 annually.

65. The Office Attendant should receive $192 to $240 and Messengers $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

9 & 10.-DISTRICT OFFICES, NORTH AND SOUTH.

66. The District Officer and Assistant District Officer are Cadet Officers and are dealt with under the Cadet Service.

67. For the Land Bailiffs in the District Offices and in the Public Works Depart- ment we consider there should be one class only, with a senior post of Senior Land

Bailiff in the Public Works Department. The work is specialised and there is little pro- spect of promotion within this particular branch of the service. For the Land Bailiffs we recommend a scale of £320 rising to £420 by 5 annual increments of £10, 2 of £20 and 1 further increment of £10.

68. For the Demarcators we recommend a scale of $300 rising by $20 annually to $500. The Forestry Demarcator in the Northern District was recently absorbed in the higher class of Demarcators; we recommend that this should also be done in the Southern District.

69. In the District Office, North, the Office Attendant should receive $192 to $240, the Messengers and Coolies $156 to $204, and the Latrine Attendants $192 to $240, by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years in each case.

70. In the District Office, South, the Notice Server should be on a scale of $156 to $204, the Office Attendant $192 to $240, and the Messenger and Caretaker $156 to $204, by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years in each case.

Service.

11.-POST OFFICE.

71. The Post Master General, a Cadet Officer, is dealt with under the Cadet

72. The Accountant, a Special App intment under the Senior Clerical and Ac- counting Staff, has been recommended for a scale of £820 to £1,050 by 7 annual incre- ments of £30 and 1 of £20.

73. For the Superintendent of Mails we recommend a salary of £600 rising by £25 annually to £700.

The Assistant Superintendents of Mails are, at present, in four grades. We re- commend the following salaries :--

(i) £450 to £560 by £20 annually;

(ii) and (iii) $4,000 to $5,000 by $200 annually;

(iv) £250 to £445 by 6 annual increments of £15, 2 of £30 and 3 of £15.

74. For the Postal Clerks we recommend the same scales as for the Junior Clerical Service.

Class I. $3,500 to $4,500 by $200 annually; Class II. $2,700 to $3,300 by $150 annually;

Class III $1,900 to $2,600 by $100 annually;

Special Class $1,200 to $2,400 by $100 annually with an Efficiency Bar at

$1,800;

Class IV. $1,500 to $1,800 by $100 annually;

Class V. $1,100 to $1,400 by $100 annually;

Class VI. $480 to $1,050 by annual increments one of $60, one of $160, three of $50 and two of $100, with Probationer. Sorters at $420 and $700.

75. For the Inspector of Postmen we recommend a salary of $2,700, rising by $150 annually to $3,300, and for Launch Officers $1,550 to $2,100 by $50 annually..

The Head Postman should receive $475 to $600 by $25 annually, Postmen 1st Class, $350 to $450 by $20 annually. Postmen 2nd Class, $276 to $348 by $12 an- nually, and Postmen 3rd Class, $204 to $264 by $12 annually.

The Coolies and Mail Bag Coolies should receive $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

For the Carpenter we recommend a scale of $300 to $360 and for the Painter $324 to $384, by $12 annually in both cases.

12.-IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OFFICE.

76. The Superintendent and Assistant Superintendent are Cadet Officers and are dealt with under that head.

77. For the Monopoly Analyst we recommend a scale of £700 rising to £1,050 by 5 annual increments of £30, 2 of £60, 2 of £30 and 1 of £20. The emoluments of this post will require reconsideration when the Opium Monopoly is abolished.

78. The Chief Preventive Officer is, we consider, inadequately paid. He should rank with, and receive the same salary as we have recommended for Chief Inspectors of Police and the Chief Inspector of the Sanitary Department. The post is a most important We recommend, therefore, a scale of £600, rising by £25 annually to £700 per

one.

annum.

For the Senior Revenue Officer we recommend £475 rising by £20 annually to £575 per annum, for Revenue Officers 1st Class £370 to £430 by £15 annually and for Revenue Officers 2nd Class £260 rising to £350 by 5 annual increments of £10 and 2 of £20.

79. The Senior Chinese Revenue Officers should receive $575 rising by $25 an- nually to $650, 1st Class Chinese Revenue Officers $360 to $440 by $20 annually, 2nd Class $276 to $348 by $12 annually and 3rd Class $216 to $264 by $12 annually, Good Conduct Allowances being abolished in the case of 2nd and 3rd Class Revenue Officers and replaced by annual increments. For the Female Revenue Officers we suggest $252 rising by $12 annually to $300 per annum, Good Conduct Allowances being again abolished.

80. The coolies in the Chinese Revenue Officers' quarters should be paid $156 rising to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years. We consider the salary now paid to the Tallyman is adequate but we would grant him the usual rent allowance. For the Office Attendant we suggest $192 to $240 per annum and for the Messengers and Coolies, $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years in each case.

81. The Opium Staff in the Factory, Packing Room and Sales Department we consider is adequately paid, bearing in mind that the men are employed on part time work only and have in most cases other occupation for the remainder of the day. The Messenger who, we understand, is on full time duty, should receive the pay we have suggested for his grade, namely, $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

13. HARBOUR DEPARTMENT.

82. For the Harbour Master we recommend a salary of £1,350 rising by £50 annually to £1,600 per annum, the Deputy Harbour Master £1,000 to £1,200 by £50 annually, and the Assistant Harbour Master £650 rising to £950 by 5 annual increments of £30, 2 of £60 and 1 of £30. -

83. For the Chief Boarding Officer and Chief Inspector of Junks and Cargo Boats we recommend scales of £525 rising by £25 annually to £625 and for the Boarding Officers £400 to £520 by £20 annually. The Chief Assistant Inspector of Junks and Cargo Boats should receive £370 to £430 by £15 annually. For the senior Assistant Inspector of Junks and Cargo Boats we suggest a scale of $2,700, rising by $100 annually to $3,200, and for the junior Assistants $2,000 to $2,600 by $75 annually.

85. For Boatswains Class II, we recommend $324 to $384 by $12 annually, and for Boatmen Class I $252 to $300 by $12 annually. Seamen Class III should receive $168 to $216 and Seamen Class IV $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years. We observe that several of these Seamen have exceptionally long service to their credit; in such cases our recommendation for personal allowances made in paragraph 25 should be enforced.

For the Painter (unskilled) we recommend $216 to $288 by $12 annually. For Watchmen we suggest 1 senior post at $252 to $300 and 3 at $156 to $204; for Mes- sengers $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years in each case.

85. Mercantile Marine Office: The post of Deputy Shipping Master is one of considerable importance and we recommend that the scale be increased to £525, rising by £25 annually to £675 per annum. The Messenger should be on the scale of $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

86. Marine Surveyors Office: For the post of Marine Surveyor we recommend a salary of £860 rising by £40 annually to £1,100. For the Assistant Surveyors and Nautical Surveyors we suggest £550 rising to £825 per annum by £25 annually. These officers join the service late in life as compared with others, and require special train- ing before appointment.

The Draughtsman at present receives the same salary as that fixed for Class III of the Junior Clerical Service. We consider he should receive a slightly greater salary than a clerk of the same grade and suggest a scale of $2,000 rising to $3,000 by $100 an- nually. For Tapemen we recommend $240 to $300 by $12 annually. The Messengers should receive $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

87. Launch Crews: We recommend the following scales for the crews of Government Launches, after consideration of the wages paid to persons engaged in similar work in private employ:

Master (S. T. Stanley)

Chief Coxswain (Rescue Tug) Coxswains Class I

$1,800 to $2,200 by $100 annually;

600 456

800 516

II III

و,

JJ.

384,,

444

وو

Second Coxswains

Coxswain (Special S.D. II) Chief Engineer Grade I

Engineers Class I

III

1,600 2,000

324.,,

384

240

300

400

550

100

1,050

وو

1,500

650 1,000

550

625

456

516

•12

وو

384

دو

324

444 384

د,

Quartermasters

Boatswains Class I

Sailors and Seamen Class I

وو

Stokers and Firemen Class I

324

384

444

324

384

252

300

وو

216

240

وو

252

372

252

312

وو

III

216

240

•

وو

Carpenter (Rescue Tug)

Cooks Class I

324

384

د,

وو

240

300

156

204

12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

88. Lighthouses and Lights: For the Sub-Inspector of Lighthouses we recom- mend a salary scale of £475 to £575 by annual increments of £20, for 1st Class Light- house keepers, £370 to £470 by £20 annually, and for 2nd Class Lighthouse keepers £260, rising to £350 by 5 annual increments of £10 and 2 of £20:

The Lighthouse keepers on dollar salaries should receive $2,100, rising by $150 annually to $2,700, with Apprentice Lighthousekeepers on $1,400 to $1,800 by $100 annually.

For the Assistants at the Lighthouse we recommend two grades on $360 to $420 by $12 annually and on $300 to $348 by $12 annually.

The Boatmen should receive $168 to $216 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years and the Mechanic $480 per annum. The Coolies at the Lighthouses should be graded as

follows:

1 at $228 to $264)

5 at $168 to $216) by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years. and 3 at $156 to $204]

and the Watchmen receive $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

89. Gunpowder Depot: The Officer in charge should receive $2,500 per annum, rising by $150 annually to $3,400; and the Watchmen, 2 on $228 to $264 and 6 on

$156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

90. Signal Stations: understand, been abolished. annually and for the Coolie

The post of Signalman at the Peak Signal Station has, we For the Assistant we recommend $252 to $312 by $12 $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

For the Signalmen at Blackhead's Hill and at Green Island Signal Stations, we recommend scales of $1,500, rising by $100 annually to $2,000. The Boatswain at Blackhead's Hill should receive $252 to $312 by $12 annually and the subordinate Signalmen $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years. The Watchman at Green Island should be paid $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

91. At the Government Coaling Depot we recommend that the Foreman receive $252 to $312 by $12 annually and the Coolies $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

92. Government Slipway, Yaumati.

The Boatswain, we consider, should receive £370, rising by £15 annually to £430. For the Motor Mechanic we consider a scale of $1,000 to $1,500 by $100 annually to be adequate, and for the artizans employed we recommend as follows:-

Boatswain Class II. Painters 1st Class

2nd Class

$324 to $384 by $12 annually.

$384 to $444

$324 to $384

Carpenters 1st Class

$384 to $444

2nd Class

$324 to $384

وو

Sailmakers 1st Class $384 to $444

2nd Class $324 to $384

The Messenger should receive $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

14.-ROYAL OBSERVATORY:

93. The Director of the Royal Observatory is head of a Scientific department with important duties not only connected with shipping locally but also with interna- tional research. We consider the present scale of salary to be inadequate and we re- commend that in future the emoluments of the post should be £1,000, rising to £1,200 per annum by £50 annually. For the Chief Assistant we recommend a scale of £600 to £900 and for the First Assistant £500 to £800, rising, in both cases, by £25 annually.

94. The Lithographer represented to us that his pay was adequate but that in order to perform his duties properly he was compelled to engage, and pay out of his own pocket, an assistant. In accordance with expert advice we have received, we recom- mend that the Lithographer receive as before a salary of $1,440 per annum, the Printer $300, rising to $420 by $24 annually; and that a Stone Polisher be engaged on a salary of $192 to $240 per annum by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

95. The Office Attendant should receive $192 to $240 per annum, the Watch- men and Coolies $156 to $204 by $12 in each case after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years. For the Engine Attendant at Au Tau Magnetic Station we suggest a scale of $384 rising by $12 annually to $444.

15. FIRE BRIGADE.

96. In the Fire Brigade the Captain Superintendent of Police is Chief Officer. He is in reality Inspecting Officer and the Superintendent performs most of the duties normally attached to the post of Chief Officer elsewhere. Similarly the Station Officers perform duties comparable with those of Divisional Officers. For these reasons we have augmented the present scales beyond the 15% we have awarded in the case of most other officers on sterling salaries.

97. For the Superintendent we recommend a scale of £700 per annum, rising by £25 annually to £900, and for the Assistant Engineer and Station Officers £450 to £550 by £20 annually. For the Assistant Station Officers we consider a salary of £260 rising to £350 by 5 annual increments of £10 and 2 of £20 to be adequate. The Mechanical Engineer should receive £310, rising by £10 annually. to £350, and the Assistant Mechanical Engineer £190 to £240 by £10 annually.

98. The Chinese Sub-Officers are a special body of men requiring not only a knowledge of English and intelligence generally but also good physique. We consider that a commencing salary of $100 a month should attract the type of man required and suggest a scale of $1,200, rising by $100 annually to $1,800 per annum. For the Fire- men we recommend scales as follows:

Head Foreman Foremen Firemen 1st Class Firemen 2nd

$500 to $600 by $20 annually $380 to $480 by $20 $312 to $360 by $12 $252 to $300 by $12

و,

99. The Motor Drivers should receive $550 rising to $650 by $50 annually and Motor Ambulance Attendants $312 to $360 by $12 annually. Engine Drivers and Stokers should receive the scales suggested generally for these types of employees namely $324 to $384 by $12 annually, and $252 to $300 by $12 annually respectively. The scale suggested generally for Motor Mechanics is $650 to $800 and for Fitters $550 to $650 by $50 annually. For Carpenters, Painters and Sailmakers we suggest a scale of $384 rising to $444 by $12 annually. The Liftmen should receive $204 to $300 by $12 annually. The Station Coolies should receive $156 rising to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

100. For the Crews of the Fire floats we suggest the same scales of pay as recom- mended in paragraph 87 for Launch Crews generally namely :—

Engineers Grade II.

Engineers Class III. Engineers Class IV. Coxswains Class I. Coxswains Class II. Coxswains Class III. Stokers Class II. Seamen Class II.

$1,050 to $1,500 by $50 annually.

$456 to $516 $384 to $444 $456 to $516

$384 to $444 by $12 annually. $324 to $384

$252 to $312

$216 to $240

16. SUPREME COURT.

•

101. The increase by 15% of the present salary of the Chief Justice would bring it to £2,760 per annum but the emoluments of the Chief Justice, like those of His Excel- lency the Governor, have been fixed in the past with special reference to the salaries paid to Chief Justices in other Colonies. On that account we do not consider that a salary exceeding £2,600 per annum should be suggested for the Chief Justiceship of Hong Kong. This figure, on account of the proposed reduction of the existing percentage increase of 34.4% to 15%, will represent a considerably lower salary than that at present drawn locally by the Chief Justice. At a 2/- dollar the loss will be £235.12.0 per annum in the case of a married officer, and £257.16.0 if he should be unmarried. On account of this decrease we recommend that the Chief Justice should occupy an official residence free of rent, which would reduce, but not altogether remove, the loss that this officer would otherwise incur.

For the Puisne Judge we recommend a salary of £1,850 per annum.

102. The posts of Registrar of the Supreme Court, Crown Solicitor and Land Officer are of a similar nature and for them we recommend the same salary, namely, £1,150, rising by £50 annually to £1,400 per annum. There is at present one Deputy Registrar on a special scale of salary; for him we recommend a salary of £1,130 per annum until his promotion when, we understand, the special scale will be abolished and

-87

the post will be graded along with the other Deputy Registrar, the Assistant Crown Solicitors and Assistant Land Officer. For these posts we recommend a scale of £700 rising to £970 per annum by 2 increments of £30, 2 of £60 and 3 of £30. It will be noted that in the case of these legal officers we have placed the marriage increments at an earlier stage, namely after 2 years' service only, in view of the longer training re- quired for a legal officer and the consequent greater age on joining the service.

103. The post of European Interpreter is at present vacant. We feel therefore that no useful purpose would be served at this stage by suggesting a scale of salary for the post, as the salary to be offered must depend largely on the qualifications and standing of an applicant.

↓

104. The Bailiffs and Ushers should receive the following salaries :--

First Bailiff £475 to £575 by £20 annually;

Second Bailiff and Bailiff and Court) £370 to £430 by £15 annually;

Stenographer and Clerk

Clerk & Usher £260 to £350 by 5 annual increments of £10 and 2 of £20.

For the post of Assistant Bailiff on dollar salary we suggest, as in the Junior Clerical Service, a scale of $1,900, rising by $100 annually to $2,600 per annum.

105. The Office Attendants should be on the following scales:-2 on $312 to $360 and 1 on $252 to $300 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

The Messengers and Coolies should be paid on the scale of $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

17. ATTORNEY GENERAL.

106. For the Attorney General we recommend a salary of £2,100 per annum, The Assistant to the Attorney General is, normally, a Cadet Officer possessing legal attainments and it is unnecessary therefore to suggest a separate scale for this post; if a temporary appointment is made from outside the service the salary must necessarily depend on a special arrangement made in each case.

The Office Attendant should receive $252 to $300, and the Messengers $156 to $204, by $12 in each case after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years of service.

18.-CROWN SOLICITOR.

107. The Crown Solicitor as stated in paragraph 102 should receive £1,150, rising to £1,400 by £50 annually, and the Assistant Crown Solicitors £700 rising to £970 by 2 annual increments of £30, 2 of £60 and 3 of £30.

The Office Attendant should receive $252 to $300, and the Messengers $156 to $204, by $12 in each case after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

19.-OFFICIAL RECEIVER & REGISTRAR OF TRADE MARKS.

108. We consider the Official Receiver and Registrar of Trade Marks is at present inadequately paid in view of the importance and multiplicity of the duties he has to perform. It is essential that a man of considerable experience of the law should fill this post. We suggest as suitable a scale of £1,000 per annum, rising by £50 annually to £1,200.

The Office Attendant should receive $192 to $240, and the Messenger $156 to $204, by $12 in each case after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

20. LAND REGISTRY.

109. As recommended in paragraph 102 the salary of the Land Officer should be £1,150 to £1,400 by £50 annually, and the Assistant Land Officer £700 to £970 by

2 annual increments of £30, 2 of £60 and 3 of £30.

The Office Attendant should receive $252 to $300, and the Messenger $156 to

$204, by $12 in each case after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

21.

MAGISTRACY, HONG KONG.

110: The posts of Police Magistrate and Coroner and Second Police Magistrate are usually filled by Cadet Officers.

We have already recommended, for the reasons given in paragraph 47 of this Report, that the post of First Clerk to the Magistracy should be a "Special Appointment' under the Senior Clerical & Accounting Staff on a scale of £700 per annum, rising by £25 annually to £950.

The Office staff should be paid as follows:-

Office Attendant $192 to $240)

Messengers &

Coolies

by $12 in each case after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years $156 to $204, service.

22.-MAGISTRACY, KOWLOON.

111. The Police Magistrate & Coroner for Kowloon is also usually a Cadet Officer, The Office Staff should be paid as follows:-

Office Attendant $192 to $240 Messengers &

Coolie

by $12 in each case after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years. $156 to $204,

23.-POLICE FORCE.

112. The post of Captain Superintendent of Police is at present held by an officer of Class I. of the Cadet Service. In future, however, we understand the post will normally be filled by officers who have entered the service as Police Probationers (Gen- eral Order No. 26 (3)). When such is the case we consider a scale of £1,350 per annum, rising to £1,600 by annual increments of £50, to be adequate for the post.

With one exception, the Deputy Superintendents, Assistant Superintendents and Probationers are, we understand, on a time scale similar to that of the Cadet Service. The scale was revised last year and as from 1st January 1929 the increments at the lower portion of the scale were considerably steepened. We recommend, therefore, according to the rule laid down by us, that a Probationer should receive £400 per annum on joining the service, rising to £425 on passing his second examination in Chinese, and to £450 per annum on passing his final examination. His salary should then rise by 4 annual increments of £30, 2 of £60, 9 of £40 and 5 of £50 to £1,300 per annum, with efficiency bars at £570 and £1,050 per annum.

One post of Assistant Superintendent, held by an officer promoted from Chief Inspector, is on a special scale. For him we recommend a scale of £780 rising to £930 by £50 annually..

113. For the European Contingent of the Police Force we recommend scales as follows:-

Chief Inspectors and Chief Detective Inspector £600 to £700 by £25 annually;

Inspectors

Sub-Inspectors Sergeants

Lance Sergeants

£475 to £535 by £20

£370 to £430 by £15

£260 to £350 by 2 annual in- crements of £20 and 5 of £10: £190 to £240 by £10 annually

114. In paragraph 54 we have already referred to the representations made to us by Indian Officers of the Clerical Service and of the Police Force and Prisons Depart- ment. We have recommended the grant of full pay leave to India but have stated that we are unable to suggest that any special exchange privileges should be granted to Indian employees. In revising the salaries of the Indian Contingent of the Police Force we have, however, taken into consideration any difficulties which may have, arisen in recent years on account of the fall in the value of the Hong Kong dollar.

We recommend the following scales for Indian Police Officers :-

Assistant Superintendents

$2,100 to $3,000 by $150 annually;

Inspectors

Sub Inspectors

Sergeant Majors

Sergeants

Lance Sergeants

Constables 1st Class

2nd

1,200,,

900

1,800 1,020

100

780

840

440

520

وو

396

420

دو

372; 336.

115. We recommend the following scales for the Chinese Contingent, both Can- tonese and Wei Hai Wei men :-

Inspectors

$900;

Sergeant Majors

720;

Principal Chinese Detectives

Sergeants

480;

Lance Sergeants

396;

Constables 1st Class

2nd

وو

312 to $360 by $12 annually; 240

300,

The Female Searchers should be graded, 1 at $192 to $240 and the remainder at $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

116. For the Water Police we recommend the same scales as for the crews of Government Launches under the Harbour Department, namely:-

Coxswains Class I

$456 to $ 516 by $12 annually.

384

לי,

III

324

444 384

وو

Boatswains Class I

384

444

دو

216

240

Sailors and Seamen

3.3

180

. 204

وو

Chief Engineer Grade II ... Engineers Class I

1,050

1,500

650

1,000

550

'625

456

516

384,,

444

324

384

وو

Stokers Class II

III

252

312

216

240

Motor Mechanic (afloat)

650

800

198

117. Miscellaneous.-For Motor Mechanics on shore we have recommended gen- erally $650 to $800 by $50 annually and for Motor Drivers $550 to $650 by $50 annually. The majority of the Motor Drivers are, however, Sergeants of the Indian Contingent; they should receive the pay of their rank, namely, $440 to $520 by $20 annually. The Bar- rack Sergeants and Station Sergeants should also receive the pay of their rank in the Force. For Boatmen we suggest the scale of $156 to $240 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years; and for Cooks, 6 at $240 to $300 by $12 annually and 4 at $156 to $204, by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years service. The rates at present paid to the Armourer Attendants are, we consider, adequate but the usual Rent Allowances should be granted to each.

The Office Attendant should receive $192 to $240, the Armourer Coolie, Scale Coolie, Head Coolie, Caretaker at Taipo and Gardener at Taipo $156 to $204, by $12 in each case after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years. The Caretakers at Tsing Lung Tau, Sha Tin Gap, Mui Wo and Shap Long Village are in part-time employment only and we do not pro- pose to recommend any change in the small sums paid annually to them.

Messengers and Coolies should be paid on the scale of $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

For the Range Marker we suggest a scale of $300 to $420 by $12 annually.

118. Police Training School: The officers attached to the Police Training School will of course receive the pay of their rank in the Force. For the Indian Teachers we suggest scales as in the Junior Clerical Service, namely 1 at $1,500 to $1,800 and 1 at $1,100 to $1,400, by $100 annually in each case. The Chinese Teacher is on part time duty only in the mornings and we consider that $360 per annum is adequate for the work done.

The Messenger and Station Coolie should receive $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years..

24. PRISONS DEPARTMENT.

119. Up to the end of the year 1920 the Captain Superintendent of Police was in addition Superintendent of the Victoria Gaol. During the same year the Victoria Gaol became inadequate and an additional establishment was opened at Lai Chi Kok. The Prisons Department was then completely separated from the Folice Force and the former Assistant Superintendent promoted to be full Superintendent. Early in 1925 it became clear that an Assistant Superintendent was required and a new post was therefore created. No change was, however, made in the scale of salary of the Superintendent and we note that the maxiumum of the new post of Assistant Superintendent exceeds the minimum of the salary scale of the Superintendent. In view of the increased import- ance of the post we have made a special scale for the Superintendent and increased it by more than the 15% suggested in most other cases. We recommend that he should receive £950 per annum rising to £1,300 by annual increments of £50. For the Assistant Super- intendent we recommend £600 to £850 by 5 annual increments of £25, 2 of £50 and 1 of £25.

The Chinese School Teacher is in part time employment only; we consider he should be paid $420 per annum.

120. For the Discipline Staff we recommend scales as follows:-

Chief Warders £475 to £535 by £20 annually;

Assistant Chief Warder £470;

Principal Warders £370 to £430 by £15 annually;

Warders £190 to £330 by 5 annual increments of £10, 2 of £20 and 5 of

£10.

For the Pharmacist, who we understand is to be renamed the Hospital Supervisor we suggest a scale of £360 rising to £460 by 6 annual increments of £15 and 1 cf £10; and for the new post of Assistant Supervisor recently suggested, we consider £300 rising to £350 by £10 annually to be adequate.

121. For the staff of the Female Prison we recommend a scale of $900, rising by $60 annually to $1,080 for the Matron and $420, rising by $30 annually to $660 for the Wardresses.

122. Indian Staff. In accordance with the statement made in paragraph 114 we recommend the following scales :---

Chief Warder

Principal Warders

Asst. Principal Warders

Warders

$1,400 to $1,800 by $100 annually;

1,000 to 1,300 by 100

650 to

800 by 50

430 to

550 by

360 to

420 by

दे

Assistant Warders Guards

•

240 for first 6 months and then $288 to

$348 by $12 annually.

The Cooks, Messenger and Coolies should receive $156, rising to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

25.-MEDICAL DEPARTMENT.

124. The scales of salaries of the Senior Officers in the Medical Department were revised last year. The Director of Medical and Sanitary Services (formerly styled the Principal Civil Medical Officer) was placed on a higher scale and new grades of Deputy Director and Senior Medical Officer were created. The maximum of the scale for Medi- cal Officers was slightly increased and the increments steepened from £25 per annum to £30, while a higher minimum and slightly higher maximum were also granted to certain specialist Medical Officers such as the Radiologist, Malarial Research Officer, Medical Officers of Health, Bacteriologists, and Health Officers of the Port. We have now sug- gested increments of £40 for all Medical Officers, and £50 for the Director and Deputy Director in accordance with our principles for standardising increments. We recommend therefore the following scales:

Director of Medical and Sanitary Services £1,450 to £1,700 by £50 annually;

Deputy Director,

Senior Medical Officer Medical Officers

Radiologist

Malarial Research Officer

Medical Officer of Health

Second Medical Officer of Health... Assistant Medical Officers of Health Health Officer of Port

Second Health Officer of Port Bacteriologist

Assistant Bacteriologist

£1,300 to £1,400 by £50 £1,200 to £1,280 by £40 £ 700 to £1,180 by £40 £ 860 to £1,220 by £40 £860 to £1,220 by £40 £ 920 to £1,280 by £40

£860 to £1,220 by £40

£ 920 to £1,280 by £40

860 to £1,220 by £40

920 to £1,280 by £40

860 to £1,220 by £40

For Chinese Medical Officers we recommend a scale of $4,500, rising by $300 annually to $7,500, and for the Chinese Medical Officer of Health $4,800, rising by $300 annually to $7,500.

The Assistant Visiting Medical Officer to Chinese Hospitals and the Assistant Medi- cal Officer for Schools are, we understand, temporary appointments only. We have no recommendation, therefore, to make regarding their salaries.

125. For Radiographers we consider a suitable scale would be $3,000, rising by $200-annually to $5000, and for the Inspector who, we understand, will work under the Malarial Research Officer we consider that the scale of a 2nd. Class Sanitary Inspector would be adequate, namely £260, rising to £350 by five annual increments of £10 and two of £20.

For the Apothecary we suggest £460, rising by £20 annually to £600, and for the Assistant Apothecaries £460 to £580, also by £20 annually.

126. The Nursing Staff. We have added somewhat more than the normal 15% to the scales for Nursing Sisters and Matrons. We recommend the following:

Principal Matron Masseuse

Matron, Civil Hospital

pitals

Home Sister

£475 to £600 by £25 annually ; £380 to £460 by £20

£380 to £460 by £20

Matrons, Peak, Kowloon, and Victoria Hos-

£300 to £360 by £15

£220 to £295 by £15

Tutor Sister f

Nursing Sisters

The Matron of the Peak Hospital is at present on a special scale of salary. We recommend that the post should rank with the Matrons of the Kowloon and Victoria Hos- pitals and that a personal allowance be granted to the present holder, until retirement, to make up the consequent pecuniary loss to her.

127. We consider the Steward is at present inadequately paid in view of the onerous nature of his duties and suggest that in future the scale should be £400 rising to £500 by 6 annual increments of £15 and one of £10.

128. Locally Trained Nurses. For Probationers we consider the present scale is adequate but, we understand, the course of training has now been extended to four years and suggest therefore a scale of $480 to $660 by $60 annually. On passing their final examination they become eligible for appointment as Staff Nurses; for them we consider $900, rising to $1,080 by $60 annually to be adequate, and for Charge Nurses $1,200 to $1,500 also by $60 annually. The School Nurse should receive $1,440 to $1,740 by $60 annually.

129. For the Linen Maid we consider a scale of $1,200, rising by $60 annually to $1,500, to be adequate.

130. Dispensers. A scheme has recently been prepared for the training of dis- pensers in Government Service. We endorse the scheme and consider it essential that a good class of youth be attracted for this kind of work. The sum at present paid to Apprentice Dispensers is wholly inadequate; we consider that a proper scale is that now in force for Probationer Dressers, namely $480, rising by $60 annually to $660. After they have passed their 'examinations we consider they are entitled to expect a higher salary and suggest therefore for Class VI Dispensers $900 to $1,080 by $60 annually, and for Class V Dispensers $1,200 to $1,800 by $100 annually.

131. The Office Staff should be paid as follows :----

Office Attendant

$252 to $300 Messengers and Coolies $156 to $204

by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years,

132. Dressers. We consider the present scale for Probationer Dressers to be adequate, namely $480 to $660 by $60 annually. As with Dispensers, however, we consider that on finishing their training they should receive a higher salary and suggest the same scales as given for Dispensers namely:

Staff Dressers

and Charge Dressers

$ 900 to $1,080 by $60 annually. $1,200 to $1,800 by $100

133. For the Subordinate Chinese Staff in the Hospitals we recommend the fol- lowing scales. Except where otherwise stated the scales set out in this paragraph are intended to rise by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years service.

Wardmasters-$480 to $1,080 by $60 annually.

Storeman Civil Hospital:-$360 to $480 by $12 annually.

Victoria Hospital:-$312 to $360.

Wardboys and Boys:-$252 to $300 with 3 senior posts in the Civil Hospital on $312 to $360. The Wardboys in the Mental Hospital we consider should receive a higher rate of pay and suggest $264, rising to $360 by $24 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years service.

Amahs :-$228 to $276, with the exception of the Amahs in the Mental Hos- pital, the Maternity Bungalow at the Civil Hospital, the Victoria Maternity Hospital and the Peak Hospital who should receive $264. rising to $360 by $24 after 3, 6, 9 and 12

years.

Sew Amahs and Wash Amahs :-$192 to $240.

Cooks-$192 to $240 with 2 senior posts in the Civil Hospital 1 on $312 to $360 and 1 on $252 to $300, and two Apprentices on $84.

Coolies and Messengers, Dispensary Coolie and Gardener:-$156 to $204.

Gatekeepers and Guards should receive $192 to $240, while the Watchmen at Victoria and Kowloon Hospitals should receive respectively $360 and $300 per annum.

The Tailor at the Civil Hospital should receive $252 to $300 and Stokers $216 to

$240.

Attendants on Sisters :-Boys should receive $192 to $240, with 3 senior posts at the Civil Hospital Quarters, 1 on $312 to $330 and 2 on $252 to $300, and 2 senior posts at Victoria Hospital Quarters on $252 to $300.

Amahs-$192 to $240, with 1 senior post in the Civil Hospital Quarters on $252

to $300.

Cooks-$192 to $240, with 1 senior post in the Civil Hospital Quarters on $252

to $300.

Coolies-$156 to $204.

134. The Head Attendant at the Mental Hospital should be placed on the scale of £475, rising to £575 by £20 annually and the Assistant Attendant on £370 to £430 by £15 annually. For the Female Attendant we consider a suitable scale would be $1,500, rising by $50 annually to $1,800.

135. The Chinese Resident Surgeon at the Tung Wah Hospital and the Chinese Medical Officer, New Territories, should receive the scale suggested for Chinese Medical Officers-$4,500 to $7,500 by $300 annually.

For Midwives we recommend $420, rising by $30 annually to $660.

The Dressers in the New Territories are, we understand, untrained; they resemble Wardboys rather than the qualified Dressers. We recommend therefore the following scales, 1 at $312 to $360 and 3 at $252 to $300 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

The Coolies and Office Attendant should receive $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

136. The scale suggested for the Health Officer of the Port is £920 rising by £40 annually to £1,280 and for the Second Health Officer £860 to £1,220 by £40 annually. The Chinese Medical Officers attached to the Office of the Health Officer of the Port should be on the scale of $4,500 to $7,500 by $300 annually.

The appointments of Public Vaccinators have appeared to us to be of the nature of a "blind alley" occupation. On that account, though we consider the minimum salary now offered to be adequate, we have extended the maximum and suggest a scale of $480, rising to $1,200 by $60 annually.

The Office Attendant should receive $192 to $240 and Coolie $156 to $204 by $12 in each case after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

137. The scale recommended for the Bacteriologist is £920, rising by £40 an- nually to £1,280 and for the Assistant £860 to £1,220, also by £40 annually.

For the Laboratory Attendants and Grooms we suggest $252 to $300 and for the Watchmen, Coolies and Messenger $156 to $204, rising in all cases by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years service.

For the Mortuary Attendants we suggest the following scales:-1 at $440 to $660 by $20 annually, 1 at $372 to $420 by $12 annually and 2 at $240 to $360 by $12 annually. The Messenger should receive $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

138. The salaries of the Analysts were also revised last year along with those of Medical Officers, the maximum of the Analyst being extended from £750 to £900 and that of the Assistant Analysts from £600 to £700. The minimum of the Analyst's scale was however only raised from £600 to £625 and remained therefore below the new maximum of the Assistant Analysts. We suggest the following scales:-

Analyst £850 to £1,050 by £40 annually;

Assistant Analysts £500 to £800 by 5 annual increments of £25, 2 of £50 and 3 of £25.

The Class II Assistant Analysts are at present on the same scale as Class II of the Junior Clerical Service. We consider this inadequate for a trained technical officer and suggest $2,600, rising to $4,000 by $200 annually. The Sampler (a temporary appoint- ment) should continue to receive $3,000 a year.

For the Laboratory Attendants we suggest $252 to $300, and for the Coolie and Messenger $156 to $201, by $12 in each case after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

26. SANITARY DEPARTMENT.

139. The salary of the Veterinary Surgeon in 1920 was £600 rising to £800 by £25 annually. In 1925 the maximum of the scale was extended to £1,000 per annum to equal that of a Medical Officer, but was not revised last year. In 1925 an Assistant Veterinary Surgeon was appointed and later granted a scale of £550 rising to £800 by £25 annually. We consider that the Veterinary Surgeon, as head of a sub-department of increasing importance, and sole adviser to Government on veterinary matters, should be on a higher scale. We recommend that he should receive £1,000 per annum rising to £1,200 by £50 annually. The Assistant Veterinary Surgeon's scale should be £650 to £950 by £30 annually.

140. The Inspectorate should be on the following scales:-

Chief Inspector

Senior Inspectors

1st Class Sanitary Inspectors 2nd Class Sanitary Inspectors

£600 to £700 by £25 annually;

475 to 575 by 20

370 to

430 by 15

260 to

350 by 5 annual increments of £10 and 2 of £20.

141. For the Storekeeper we recommend a scale of $2,500, rising to $3,500 by 6 annual increments of $150 and 1 of $100, and for the Assistant Storekeeper $450 to $600 by $25 annually.

The Office Attendant should receive $252 to $300 and Messengers and Coolies $156 to $204, by $12 in each case after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years service.

142. For the grade of Overseer we recommend a scale of $1,400, rising to $1,800 by $50 annually and for the Overseer of Markets $2,000 per annum.

For Foremen we recommend the following:-

Grade 1.

$950 to $1,200 by $50 annually;

650 to

900 by 50

400 to

600 by 25

300 to

360 by 12

192 to

240

180 to

228

by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

7..

156 to

204

For Foremen Artisans we suggest $525 to $600 by $25 annually; and for Fore- men Driver and Cleaners $240 to $360 by $12 annually.

For Engineers in Bath Houses we suggest a scale of $300 to $360 by $12 annually and for Engineers in the Disinfecting Station $450 to $600 by $50 annually.

For Motor Mechanics we have recommended generally a scale of $650 to $800 by $50 annually, and for Motor Drivers $550 to $650 by $50 annually.

For Garage Coolies, Caretakers, Bath House Attendants, Driver and Coolies the scale should be $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

For Artisans we suggest that: 2 should be paid at the rate of $504 per annum, 2 at $360 and 14 at $300, for Skilled Labourers $240 each, and for Steersmen $228 to $264 by $12 annually. We consider the scale for the Dust Station Foreman to be adequate but that he should receive the usual Rent Allowance. Stokers and Seamen should receive $216 to $240 by $12 annually.

In the case of the Sextons we consider there should be two grades; those in charge at Cemeteries (10 in number, we understand) should receive $240 to $288 and the re- mainder $156 to $204 by $12 in each case after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

For the Foreman Tallyman we recommend a scale of $360 to $420 by $12 annually, and for the Tallymen $300 to $348 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

Among the Bargemen there is one senior post for which we recommend a salary of $240; the remainder should receive $156 rising to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12

years.

For Cleansing Coolies we suggest a scale of $168 to $216 and for Scavenging Coolies $144 to $192 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years service.

27.-BOTANICAL & FORESTRY DEPARTMENT.

143. We consider the salary scale of the Superintendent to be adequate when the 15% recommended generally is added and suggest the following rate; £700 to £950 by 7 annual increments of £30 and 1 of £40. For the Assistant Superintendent we recom- mend £500, rising to £600 by £20 annually, and for the Supervisor £260, rising to £350 by 5 annual increments of £10 and 2 of £20. We consider the scale of salary now paid to the Assistant Supervisor to be adequate but would draw attention to the incre- ments now granted, namely $300 annually. Such increments are not only out of all proportion to both maximum and minimum of the salary scale, but are unduly high for an officer of this grade. We consider the increments should be $120 annually but that the existing scale should apply to the present holder of the post.

For the Herbarium Assistant we suggest $500, rising to $650 by $25 annually; for the Office Attendant $192 to $240 and for the Messenger $156 to $204 by $12 in both cases after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years service.

144. Gardens Staff. We suggest the following scales for the Gardens Staff :-

Head Gardener $2,100 to $3,000 by $150 annually;

Asst. Head Gardener $600 to $1,100 by 1 annual increment of $60, 1 of

$90, 3 of $50 and 2 of $100;

Senior Foreman $350 to $500 by $25 annually;

Foremen $252 to $336 by $12 annually; Parkkeepers; · 1 on $192 to $240】

and 3 on $156 to $204

Gardeners;

by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years;

3 on $252 to $300

7 on $192 to $240)

by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years;

62 on $156 . $204j

Apprentices $120 to $144 by $12 annually;

Carpenter $384 to $444 by $12 annually;

Storekeeper $252 to $300 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years;

Incinerator Attendant $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

145. Forestry Staff: We recommend the following scales :-

Head Forester $1,000 to $1,200 by $40 annually; Second Forester $700 to $950 by $25 annually; Third Forester $650 to $900 by $25 annually; Senior Foreman $360 to $600 by $20 annually; Foreman $300 to $420 by $20 annually; Foremen $240 to $300 by $12 annually;

Forest Guards $260 to $440 by $20 annually;

Foresters $152 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years; Storekeeper $252 to $300 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

28.-EDUCATION DEPARTMENT.

146. We consider that the scales in the Education Department generally should be increased beyond the normal 15%. The scale for European Masters was raised slightly last year at the lower stages; we have increased the increments from £25 annually to £30 and by the introduction of the marriage increments improved the scale considerably. We recommend that their scale should be £500, rising to £950 per annum by 5 annual increments of £30, 2 of £60, and 6 further increments of £30. There is at present one post only of Senior Master though the Staff has expanded greatly since that post was made. We consider that there should be three posts of Senior Masters on a fixed salary of £1,050 per annum. There remain above these posts the two Head Masters of Queen's and King's Colleges and the two Inspectors of English Schools.

Schools. For these posts we recommend a scale of £1,100 per annum, rising by £50 annually to £1,300.

147. The Senior Inspectors of Vernacular Schools are at present on the same scale as the European Masters. We consider these posts carry a greater responsibility than the junior Masters and recommend therefore that their scale should be £600 per annum, rising by 12 annual increments of £30 and 1 of £40 to £1,000. For the junior Inspectors of Vernacular Schools we suggest that a scale of $3,200 rising by $200 annually to $3,600, would be adequate.

For Students in Training we suggest a salary of $480 per annum, and for the Chinese Mistress teaching at the Maternity Hospital $720.

The Office Attendants should be on scales, 1 on $252 to $300 and the other on $192 to $240, by $12 in each case after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years; the Messengers' scale should be $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

148. The European Mistresses are on one scale commencing on £300 per annum and ending, after 25 years' service, at £600. There are at present no senior posts and no posts of Head Mistresses to which they can aspire. We consider that in this respect the position of the Mistresses compares unfavourably with that of the Masters and that provision should now be made for Senior posts and for a post of Head Mistress of Belilios Public School, a position of considerable responsibility. For the Junior Mistresses we con- sider a suitable scale would be £360 per annum rising by £20 annually to £700; we recommend that there should be four Senior posts on a fixed salary of £750, and that the Head Mistress of Belilios Public School should be on a scale of £800 per annum, rising by £30 annually to £950.

The Mistresses on dollar salaries, who are locally engaged, have made representa- tions to us to the effect that as they are trained and qualified teachers they should be placed on the same scale of salary as the Mistresses recruited in England. These ladies, we submit, owe their appointment solely to the fortuitous circumstance of their presence in the Colony and not to any desire on their part to pursue a career of teaching in Hong Kong. While recognising that these ladies are often as well qualified as those appointed from home we consider they should remain on the temporary staff with a special scale of salary. We recommend $4,000 per annum, rising by $200 annually to $5,000. For those who perform part time duty only in the mornings, we consider the present scale of $2,400 rising by $240 annually to $3,600 to be adequate.

For the locally trained Mistresses we recommend a scale of $2,400 to $3,600 by $200 annually.

The Boxing Instructor, Carpentry Instructors, Pianist and Teacher of Singing are presumably in part time employment only; we have no recommendations to make re- garding their salaries.

149. Non British Staff. For Anglo-Chinese and Vernacular Masters we recom- mend a scale of $900, rising to $6,000 by 5 annual increments of $150, 2 of $300, 5 of $150 and 15 of $200 and for University Trained Graduate Teachers $1,800 to $6,000 by 8 annual increments of $150 and 15 of $200.

The Gymnastic Instructor should receive as before $1,200 per annum while the Chinese Teacher at the Central British School should, we consider, receive $360.

For the Mistresses teaching English we suggest a scale of $720 rising to $3,000 by $120 annually; for Vernacular Mistresses $480 to $2,400 by $120 annually and for the Senior Vernacular Mistress $2,600 rising to $3,000 by $200 annually.

The Needlework Teachers should, in our opinion, receive $420 rising to $720 by $30 annually, and the Portuguese Teacher $780 as before.

The Groundsmen should be placed on the scale of $300 to $360 by $12 annually. The Caretakers, Messengers, Coolies and Amahs should be on the usual scale of $156 to $204 and the Office Attendant and Laboratory Attendant on $192 to $240, by $12 in all cases after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

150. Vernacular Middle School: The Head Teacher should be on the scale sug- gested for European Masters, namely, £500 rising to £950 per annum by 5 annual increments of £30, 2 of £60, and 6 of £30 and the Vernacular Masters on the scale recommended for them in the last preceding paragraph. For the Full time Lecturer we suggest $3,000, rising to $5,000 by $200 annually, as a suitable scale. The Master (Art Master) should receive as before $480 per annum and the Part time Lecturer $1,920. We consider the scale for the English Teacher (part time only) namely $2,400 to $3,600 by $240 only to be adequate, and suggest that the Student in Training should receive $300 per annum.

The Messenger and Coolie should be on the usual scale of $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

151. Normal School for Women and Normal School at Taipo. The Head Mis- tress should be on the same scale as the Senior Vernacular Mistress namely $2,600, rising by $200 annually to $3,000 per annum, while the Vernacular Mistresses and Ver- nacular Masters should receive the scales recommended in paragraph 149.

The Messengers, Amahs and Coolies should be on the usual scale of $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

152. Technical Institute: We consider that the fees and allowances paid for work at the Technical Institute do not come within the purview of our enquiry.

29.-PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT.

153. The scales in the Public Works Department for Senior Officers are, we consider, adequate, after adding the usual 15%. For the Director of Public Works we suggest £1,500, per annum rising to £1,800 by £50 annually, and for the Assistant Directors £1,200 to £1,400 by £50 annually.

For the Technical Secretary and the Engineers we consider a scale of £550 rising to £1,150 per annum by £30 annually to be suitable. It will be noted that in this case we do not consider it necessary to recommend that the two marriage increments be granted. The initial salary suggested for an Engineer is already high, and the raising of the increments from £20 and £25 to £30 throughout has improved the scale con- siderably.

For the Superintendent of Accounts and Stores we recommend £700, rising to £950 by £25 annually, and for the Deputy Superintendent £460 to £700 by £20 annu- ally. The Assistant Storekeeper and Inspector of Stores should receive £460, rising to £640 by £20 annually.

For the Subordinate European Staff we recommend the following scales:-

Senior Inspectors of Works

Quantity Surveyor.

Inspectors of Works

£600 to £700 by £25 annually;

Chief Draughtsmen

Senior Land Bailiff

Telegraph Sub-Engineer (1)

£475 to £575 by £20 annually;

Inspectors of Wireless and Tele-

graphs (2)

Wireless Telegraph

gineers (4)

Sub-En-

£370 to £470 by £20 annually;

Senior Wireless Operators (2) 1st Class Overseers

Land Bailiffs

2nd Class Overseers

Senior Wireless Operators (4)

£370 to £430 by £15 annually;

£320 to £420 by 5 annual increments of

£10, 2 of £20 and 1 of £10;

£310 to £350 by £10 annually.

The Secretary to the Director of Public Works should receive, as recommended under the Senior Clerical & Accounting Staff, £820 per annum, rising to £1,050 by 7 annual increments of £30 and 1 of £20.

For the Superintendent of Crown Lands we recommend a scale of £1,040, rising to £1,200 by £40 annually; for the First Assistant Superintendent £900, rising to £1,020 by £30 annually; and for the Second Assistant £760 to £880 by £30 annually.

We consider the scale for the Mechanical Engineer should be improved to some extent beyond the normal 15%, and suggest as suitable £600 rising to £750 per annum by £25 annually.

For the Superintendent of Surveys we recommend, as with the Superintendent of Crown Lands, a scale of £1,040 to £1,200 by £40 annually, and for the Assistant Super- intendent £900, rising to £1,020 by £30 annually. For 1st Class Land Surveyors we suggest £760, rising to £880 by £30 annually and for 2nd Class Land Surveyors £480, rising to £700 by 5 annual increments of £20, 2 of £40 and 2 of £20.

154. Non British Staff: For the Engineering Assistant (Architectural) we recom- mend a scale of $4,000, rising to $6,000 by $200 annually, and for the Junior Assistant (Port Development) $2,400 to $3,600 by $200 annually.

The staff is scattered through the various sub-departments in the Estimates; to avoid repetition we have grouped them and recommend scales as follows:--

Assistant Land Surveyors :

1st Class

2nd

3rd

Apprentices Computers Draughtsmen:

1st Class

2nd

3rd

4th

$3,800 to $5,600 by $200 annually;

2,550 3,600 150

وو

1,600 2,400

800 1,200 600,

100

1,500 100

3,150 4,500 2,000

وو

150

3,000,, 100

1,100,, 1,800

100

1,050,, 3 annual increments of

600,

420

540

720;

$50, 2 of $100 and 2 of $50;

$ 60 annually;

2,600,, 3,500,, 150

Apprentices Temporary

Wireless Staff :

Wireless Traffic Supervisors. Junior Wireless Operators Apprentice Wireless Opera-

tors

Telegraphists:

2nd Class ...

3rd

4th

5th

1,500,,

1,800,,

100

600 1,050 5 annual increments of

2,400,, 3,300

وو

$50 and 2 of $100;

$150 annually;

1,800,,

2,300 100

1,400

1,050,,

1,700 100 1,350

Apprentices

480,

Telephone Supervisors

700,

1,400

Telephone Operators

480,,

1,000

1,000,,

annual increments, 1 of $60, 1 of $110, 3 of $50 and 2 of $100. $100 annually; annual increments, 1 of $60, 1 of $110, 3 of $50 and 2 of $100;

Electrical Fitter

No. 1 Rigger

No. 1 Carpenter

Electric Fan and Light Inspector. General Foremen

1st Class Foremen

2nd

Pier Foremen

Drain Testers

Head Storemen

....

$1,000 to $1,300 by $ 75 annually;

وو

600 500

950

50 >>

900

500

950

1,350 2,050

100

1,100

1,700

100

600

1,050

500

850

360

- 600

"".

Store Foremen

1,900 1,100,,

2,500

100

1,700

100

Storemen

Storekeepers

500,,

950

Timekeepers

Chief Waterworks Inspector

2,200

3,000

100

وو

Waterworks Inspectors

1,400,,

2,100

100

3.9

Watchman, Tytam

2,400

2,800

100

Chargeman, Peak

1,100,,

1,500

Chargemen

360

420

وو

Drivers, Pumping Stations

Caretaker, Fanling Water Works.

324

384

360

420

Dredger Master

Dredger Engineer

Firemen

1,440

€2,400

120

وو

380

520

216

240

Sailors

216

240

وو

Motor Drivers

1 on $660 to $720 by $60 annually

10 on $550 to

Custodians, Recreation Grounds. $1,440;

Lift Operators

Shroff's Assistant

Head Survey Coolie

Head Watchman, Store

$650 by $50 annually;

6 on $200 to $400 by $20 annually;

4 on $204 to $300 by $12 annually';

Servants at Wireless Station :

Cooks

Servant

Coolie

$480 to $600 by $20 annually;

$280 to $360 by $20 annually;

$240;

$312;

276;

240;

Office Attendants

Caretakers:

Homestead Flats Kowloon Recreation

Ground

Custodians, Bathing Beaches

and Gear

Survey Coolies

Messengers

1 on $252 to $300; remainder on $192 to $240 by $12 in all cases after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

$156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12

years.

Coolies

Cleaners Watchmen

32. KOWLOON CANTON RAILWAY.

155. For the Manager and Chief Engineer of the Railway we consider a salary of £1,500 per annum to be adequate and for the Chief Accountant £700, rising to £825 by £25 annually. For the Traffic Manager and Storekeeper we suggest a scale of £730, rising

100

by £30 annually to £880 per annum; and for the Traffic Assistant £480 to £700 by 5 an- nual increments of £20, 2 of £40 and 2 of £20. For the Traffic Inspectors we recommend £300, rising to £430 by 8 annual increments of £15 and 1 of £10 and for the Sub- Inspector $1,350 to $1,800 by $75 annually.

We consider the pay of the Head Watchman to be adequate, namely $300 to $372 by $12 annually; for Watchmen we recommend $192, rising to $240 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years. For Office Attendants we recommend one post on $252 to $300 and the remainder on $192 to $240, by. $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years. Messengers, Store Coolies and Sanitary Coolies should receive the usual scale of $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

156. For the Station Masters and Clerks we recommend scales as follows:

Telephone Operators

Station Masters (5) Station Masters (4) Booking Clerks Senior Goods Clerk Relief Goods Clerk Signalmen

Block Operators Probationers

$480 to $1,000 by annual increments, 1 of $60, 1 of $110, 3 of $50, and 2 of 100. $1,500 to $1,800 by $100 annually. $1,100 to $1,400 by $100

$ 600 to $1,000 by $ 50

$1,500 to $1,800 by $100

$ 600 to $1,000 by $ 50

$ 480 to $ 600 by $ 30 $ 300.

The Shunters should receive $360 rising to $600 by $30 annually, the Ticket Printer $840 to $1,080 by $60 annually, and Assistant Ticket Printer $360 to $780 by $30 annually.

For Pointsmen and Watchmen we suggest the scale $192 to $240, and for Porters, Gatemen, Latrine Coolies and Female Latrine Attendant the scale $156 to $204 by $12. in each case after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

157. For Drivers 1st Class we recommend a scale of $700, rising to $1,000 by $50 annually, for 2nd Class $540 to $660 by $30 annually, and for Firemen $330 to $480 by $30 annually.

The Yard Pointsmen and Locomotive Cleaners on monthly pay should receive $192 to $240 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years. For the No. 1 Carriage Cleaner we sug- gest a scale of $372 rising to $480 by $12 annually and for the No. 2 Carriage Cleaners $300 to $360 by $12 annually. The Wagon Cleaners should be on the scale $156 to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

For Guards we suggest the scale of $600, rising to $1,000 by $50 annually, for Ballast Guard $600 to $720 by $30 annually, and for Ticket Collectors $420 to $600 by $30 annually. The Brakesmen should receive $360, rising to $600 by $30 annually, and the Saloon Car Attendant $192 rising to $240 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

158. For the Chief Mechanical Engineer we consider the scale of pay should be £730, rising to £880 by £30 annually, and for the Assistant Mechanical Engineer, £470 rising to £530 by £20 annually. The Engine Examiner should receive $2,200 per annum, rising by $200 annually to $2,800, and the Clerk $550 to $700 by $25 annually.

For the Office Attendant and Assistant Telephone Clerk we suggest $252 rising by $300 and for the Storemen $192 to $240 by $12 in each case after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years service.

101

For Watchmen at the Central Mechanical Works we recommend $192 to $240 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years, and for Artizans the following scales:-

1st Class Foreman

$1,000 to $1,700 by $100 annually;

Building Foreman 1st Class Fitters

$600 to $

950 by $ 50

$1,000 to $1,300 by $ 75

2nd Class Fitters

$ 600 to $

950 by $ 50

1st Class Carpenter

$1,000 to $1,300 by $ 75

2nd Class Carpenter

600 to $

950 by $ 50

3rd Class Carpenter

360 to $

570 by $ 30

وو

1st Class Electrician

600 to $

950 by $ 50

2nd Class Electrician

360 to $

570 by $ 30

Electric Welder

600 to $

950 by $.50

1st Class Painter

600 to $

950 by $ 50

159. For the Assistant Engineer on Maintenance of Way and Structures we recommend a scale of $4,000, rising to $6,000 by $200 annually, for the Inspector of Permanent Way £370, rising to £430 by £15 annually and for the Sub-Inspector $600, rising to $1,000 by $50 annually. The 3rd Class Draughtsman should receive the same scale as suggested for such employees in the Public Works Department namely $1,100, rising to $1,800 by $100 annually. For the Tracer we suggest a scale of $300, rising to $450 by $50 annually. The Office Attendant should receive $192, rising to $240 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

The No. 1. Headman of the Labour Gangs on maintenance of the Track should receive $600, rising to $950 by $50 annually, and the other Headmen $480, rising to $540 by $20 annually. For Keymen we suggest a scale of $180 to $276 by $12 annually and for Platelayers 12 senior posts on $180 to $276 and the remainder on $168 to $252 by $12 annually in all cases. The No. 1 Trolleyman should receive $192 to $240, the other Trolleymen and the Gatemen $156 to $204 by $12 in all cases after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years. Watchmen should be on the same scale, $192 rising to $240 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years.

33.-VOLUNTEER DEFENCE CORPS.

160. The Allowance at present paid to the Commandant is purely nominal and it is therefore, impossible for us to comment on its adequacy or otherwise. The pay of the Adjutant is fixed in dollars and is the result of an arrangement made by the Colonial Government with the War Office for the seconding of a Military Officer for duty with the Corps. We imagine that this will be done each time a vacancy occurs and there is there- fore no object in our making any recommendation.

For the Sergeant Major we recommend a scale of £370, rising to £470 by £20 annually. We consider the pay of the Armourer Attendant to be adequate but suggest that he should be granted the usual rent allowance. The Motor Driver should receive the scale suggested throughout this Report for men of his grade, namely $550, rising to $650 by $50 annually.

The Storeman, we understand, is a British Soldier who receives an allowance of $1 a day for his services; we do not suggest any alteration. The scale of the Range Warden we consider adequate in every way; the Messengers, Coolies and Watchman should re- ceive $156 rising to $204 by $12 after 3, 6, 9 and 12 years service.

II.-Currency Basis.

161. We have already partially dealt with this Head of Enquiry in paragraph 12 of this Report.

We consider that the salaries of officers, ordinarily recruited in England, should continue to be quoted in Sterling, and paid in Sterling while an officer is on leave in Eng- land or other country having a gold standard. It seems to us that this is essential, not only with a view to attracting recruits for the various branches of the Service, but also for the purpose of computing pensions, especially in cases where an officer has served in other Colonies before transfer to Hong Kong. By our suggestion that Sterling Salaries

102

should be converted for local payments at a rate of exchange not exceeding 2/- to the dollar, the uncertainty of an unduly fluctuating dollar is avoided, and, by recommend- ing that a High Cost of Living Allowance be granted, we have not only obviated any reduction of the amounts drawn locally but have also arranged a scheme, which, we trust, will be easily understood by the prospective candidate at home.

In paragraph 12 we have stated that the exchange system suggested by us should be applicable to officers "when on duty in Hong Kong". We consider, however, that General Order No. 101 (2) which reads as follows:

"Subject to the approval of the Governor in each case, the salary of an officer on duty or on vacation leave, not combined with commuted or half pay leave, in a neighbouring country, will be paid to the credit of the officer at his bank in Hong Kong at the same rate of exchange as if he were resident in the Colony”.

should remain in force.

Similarly, we consider that General Order No. 101 (3), which allows the privileged rate of exchange to an officer returning to the Colony from leave for the period of his voyage (not exceeding six weeks), should continue in force, but that the High Cost of Liv- ing Allowance should not be paid for that period.

General Order No. 101 (4), which makes a similar provision relating to officers pro- ceeding to the Colony on first appointment, should also, we consider, remain in force. In this case, also, the High Cost of Living Allowance would not be payable.

III.-Acting Pay, Charge Allowances, and Overtime Allowances.

(a) Acting Pay.

162. General Orders Nos. 92 (1) and 93, taken in conjunction with Colonial Re- gulation No. 54 (1928 Edition), provide as follows:

If an office be vacated in the Colony by the death, removal or absence on long leave of the holder, the person appointed by the Governor to act in that office shall be remunerated as follows

(1) If the person appointed is not in the public service, he shall be remunerat- ed at such rate, not exceeding the initial emoluments of the office, as the Governor may decide.

(2) If he is the holder of another office, but is not performing the duties of

it:

(a) If his emoluments in his substantive office are not less than the mini- mum emoluments of the office in which he is acting, he shall continue to receive the former.

(b) If his emoluments in his substantive office are less than the minimum emoluments of the office in which he is acting, he may, while so act- ing, receive half the initial salary of the office in which he is acting, half the initial salary of his substantive office, all the increments he has earned in his substantive office, and any personal allowance to which he may be entitled, provided that he shall not receive in all more than the minimum emoluments of the office in which he is act- ing.

(3) If he is the holder of another office and is required to discharge the duties

of that office while acting, he may receive :—

(a) If the offices are distinct and separate offices in different departments, or do not stand to one another in any immediate relation of superio- rity or subordination, half the initial emoluments of the office in which he is acting, together with the whole of his emoluments in his substantive office;

ན་

103

(b) In any other case, the emoluments which he would receive if his case

fell under (2) above.

We consider these provisions form a right and proper basis on which acting pay should be allowed, but that, if possible, officers should not be appointed to perform the duties of two distinct offices at the same time. We recommend, however, that absence on long leave should mean absence on leave for a period exceeding two months or for any period prior to retirement.

163. But there are several local matters which require consideration and have been provided for in the present General Orders. We now proceed to deal with them.

Under General Order Nos. 92 (2) and 25 (11) a Cadet Officer of Class II who acts as Treasurer, Secretary for Chinese Affairs, First Magistrate, Director of Education or Crown Solicitor receives additional salary of £50 or £100 a year according as his substantive salary exceeds or does not exceed £900 per annum; while under General Order No. 92 (3) a Cadet Officer of Class II who acts in a Staff or other office outside the Cadet Service receives half his substantive salary and half the initial salary of the office in which he is acting. We consider it unnecessary to make these special provisions and that the Cadet Officer should come under the general rule mentioned in the last preceding paragraph. The proviso which limits the pay drawn to the minimum emoluments of the senior office is, in our opinion, an adequate safeguard against overpayment.

A Cadet Officer of Class II is, also, under General Order Nos. 92 (2) and 95 (11), granted additional salary of £50 a year while he performs the duties of certain posts of considerable responsibility. We agree that that provision should remain and would place the salary bar, on reaching which the additional salary ceases to be payable, at £1,100 per annum which corresponds fairly with the present bar which is at £900 per annum.

(b) Charge Allowances (or Duty Allowances or Pay).

164. These allowances are paid as follows:-

Harbour Department, Marine Surveyors' Office :—

2 Senior Assistant Surveyors: Duty Pay £50 each.

Prisons Department :-

1 Chief Warder: Charge Allowance $600.

Public Works Department:-

Architectural, Engineer in Charge

Drainage, Engineer in Charge

Electrical, Engineer in Charge

General Works, Engineer in Charge

Port Development, Engineer in Charge

Roads, Piers, Bridges, etc., Engineer in Charge

Valuations & Resumptions, Engineer in Charge Crown Lands-Superintendent

Surveys Superintendent.

Kowloon-Canton Railway :-

Traffic Manager, Charge Allowance $1,000.

Charge Allowances of $2,400 each.

Charge Allowances

of $1,200

each.

Chief Mechanical Engineer, Charge. Allowance $1,500.

We have been unable to discover any reason for the grant of these allowances. They are confined to the four departments above mentioned and are payable to officers in charge of sub-departments; and on that ground should be equally payable to a master in charge of a school, a doctor in charge of a hospital, or a custodian of a bathing

beach.

104

We have not seen our way to include Charge Allowances in the scales of salaries we have recommended because the increase would make the salaries unduly large; and have therefore left them to be drawn, if Government permits, by those to whom they are at present payable. But we strongly recommend that they should cease on promo- tion, transfer, or retirement, and that they should not be drawn by persons who are acting for officers now entitled to Charge Allowances.

165. General Order No. 103 (1) makes the following provision regarding Over- seers in the Public Works Department (including Inspectors and Senior Inspectors of Works).

103 (1) "Sunday and Holiday overtime allowances are payable to Overseers in the Public Works Department in cases of emergency at the rate of $8 a day, provided that the work is authorised to be done on these days by the Executive Engineer in Charge. No payment will be made in respect of occasional visits to works on such days nor in any case in which less than half a day's work is in- volved".

166. Government has also approved the payment of Sunday and Holiday Work Allowances in the following cases :-

(i) Post Office: For 4 hours work on Sundays and Holidays, with half rates if under 4 hours, to the following officers :-

Superintendent of Mails

Assistant Superintendents of Mails Postal Clerks Classes I-IV

Postal Clerks Class V

$15

Postal Clerks Class VI

Probationer Sorters

Inspector of Postmen

Launch Officers

Head Postman

Postmen

Coolies

Mail Bag Coolies

25 cents

Launch Crew (G.P.O. I and II)

(ii) Harbour Office :-At the same rates as in (i) to clerks who are required to attend on Sundays and Holidays with this difference, however, that the full allowance is paid for 2 hours duty and half rate if less than 2 hours.

(iii) Imports & Exports Department:-Also at the same rates as in (i) for clerks. in attendance on Holidays but in this case, we understand, the duty performed extends for 3 hours, from 9 a.m. to 12 noon.

(iv) Medical Department :-Clerks required to attend on Saturday afternoons, Sundays and Holidays are given allowances of $5 to $10 a month, the rate being based as in the Post Office on their class in the Junior Clerical Service. Dispensers are also granted $2 for each day's work on Sundays or holidays.

(v) Public Works Department :-Allowances at rates roughly equivalent to one day's pay, and in practice the same allowances as in the Post Office, are paid to Tele- graphists, Wireless Operators, and Messengers delivering Wireless messages who are re- quired to perform duty on Sundays and Holidays, and to the Dredger Master and Crew when called out for duty on these days.

(vi) Kowloon Canton Railway :-Allowances at the same rates as in the Post Office are given to 2 clerks and 2 shroffs who attend on alternate Sundays and Holidays. The clerks check the returns of tickets by each train which must be done daily and the shroffs meet the train bringing in cash from outstations at 9 a.m. in the morning and again in the evening.

105

167. With regard to Overtime Allowances generally we desire to emphasize that certain employment, such as in the Police Force, Imports and Exports Department, Prisons Department, Fire Brigade, Hospitals, Railway, etc., involves a full seven day week. There can be no closing down on any particular day either on Sundays or on Holi- days and arrangements should therefore, in our opinion, be made for allowing time off duty in turn rather than for the grant of overtime allowances.

168. We consider further that normally no Overtime Allowances should be paid to Senior Officers. The remuneration of public officers is fixed on the assumption that their whole time is at the disposal of the Government (Colonial Regulation No. 28), and we anticipate that no Senior Officer would claim extra payment for periods spent in fur- therance of the public interest beyond the strict limits of office hours.

169. While Subordinate Officers are included, equally with Senior Officers, under the Colonial Regulation mentioned above, we consider that it is only fair that some com- pensation should be given to them when they are required regularly to give up periods, which might be devoted to leisure, for the convenience of the public.

We consider that no payment should be made for attendance on Saturday after- noons, but for Sundays and Holidays we are of the opinion that allowances similar to those now granted in the Post Office should be paid.

170. These allowances are at present calculated roughly according to the salary limits of the officers concerned, and we consider that they should be placed definitely on this basis. We consider further that, in every case, a full period of 4 hours on duty should be required before the full allowance is payable; half rates only being granted if less than 4 hours work is required.

We suggest that these allowances should, in addition to those mentioned above, be paid in all other departments where attendance is required regularly on Sundays and Holidays, such as, for example, in the Magistracies which are exempted from the provi- sions of the Holidays Ordinance on certain days.

They might similarly be granted on special occasions where the work is authorised to be done on these days by an executive officer.

171. We recommend therefore that all orders and rules dealing with Overtime be repealed, subject to the recommendations contained in paragraphs 172 and 173 infra, and that in future Sunday and Holiday Work Allowances be granted to officers drawing salaries detailed below in accordance with the following scale :—

Salary.

Exceeding £600 or $6,000 per annum

Allowance.

$10

£450 or $4,500 and not exceeding £600 or $6,000 £150 or $1,500

£450 or $4,500

$1,100

وو

$1,500

$ 450 $ 360

$1,100

$ 450

1 50 cents

Not exceeding $360

172. Other Overtime Allowances are granted as follows:-

(i) Overtime Allowances are also paid to Gardeners and Foresters in the Botáni- cal & Forestry Department, at rates based on their substantive salaries plus good conduct allowances, for overtime beyond the normal day and for work on Sundays and Holidays.

We can find no justification for payment for overtime to this class of employee who must expect additional pressure of work at certain times, with slackness at others, due to the weather. We consider that overtime should be paid, on the same basis as in the case of Sunday and Holiday Work Allowances, only if these employees are called out for night work such as beating out forest fires, with the exception, of course, of Forest Guards for whom night patrols form part of their regular duty. We consider, also, that a call for work at night should entitle the employee to the full allowance whether the time on duty is long or short.

106

(ii) The Subordinate Staff of the Kowloon Canton Railway receive payment for overtime in accordance with General Order No. 103 (2) which reads as follows:-

103 (2)—“Overtime allowances are payable to the Locomotive Staff on the Railway at the rate of one day's pay for every ten hours after the first ten hours in the case of the Running Staff, and at the rate of one day's pay for every six hours after the first nine and a half hours in the case of the Workshop Staff. The Traffic Staff may receive overtime allowances at the rate of 1/329th of their annual salaries (excluding allowances) for every ten hours after the first ten hours”.

This is in accordance with the practice in local dockyards and other engineering establishments and we consider, therefore, that it should continue.

(iii) In connection with Emigration of coolies from the Colony the following officers are authorised to claim overtime fees:-

Health Officer of the Port-$25 a ship.

Police Officers attached to the Secretariat for Chinese Affairs and Boarding Officers of the Harbour Department-$5 for the first hour and $2.50 for each subsequent half hour.

The Interpreter in the Secretariat receives $2.00 an hour, and the Boarding

Officers' interpreter, 75 cents an hour.

These fees are payable when the work of examining and passing emigrants is re- quired to be done after 5 p.m. on week days, after 1 p.m. on Saturdays, and at any hour on Sundays and Holidays. The fees are paid by the Shipping Companies or Passage Brokers concerned.

We feel it would be inadvisable to interfere with these arrangements which have been in force for many years and are necessary for the speedy despatch of shipping from the Harbour.

(iv) In connection with the Survey of Ships by the Marine Surveyors, fees for over- time are authorised by Table C Section 17 of the Merchant Shipping Ordinance, No. 10 of 1899. Of the fees obtained by Government a portion only, at the rate of $5 an hour, is granted to the officer carrying out the survey when the work has to be done out of re- gular office hours.

The allowance granted to the officer is fully covered by the fees paid by the Ship- ping Company concerned, and, as the arrangement is desirable to avoid delay to shipping, we consider that it should continue.

(v) In connection with the repair at the local Railway Workshops of Running Stock belonging to the Chinese Section, allowances of $3. an hour up to a maximum of $90 a month have been granted to the Chief Mechanical Engineer, and of $2 an hour up to a maximum of $60 a month to the Assistant Mechanical Engineer for supervision. As this work is in no way connected with the normal duties of the Chief Mechanical Engineer and his Assistant, and as the allowances are included in the overhead charges for the cost of these repairs and debited to the Chinese Section, we consider that they should continue so long as this special work is undertaken by the Railway.

(vi) Further, with the running of British Section engines, carriages and wagons over the Chinese Section, for which the British Section receives payment, additional res- ponsibility is thrown on the Chief Mechanical Engineer and his Assistant for keeping the running stock in a good state of repair. Overtime is required, and for this an allowance equal to 14 cents per mile run, up to a maximum of $150 a month, is granted to the Chief Mechanical Engineer, and at the rate of cent per mile run, up to a maximum of $50 a month, to the Assistant Mechanical Engineer. These allowances are temporary during the continuance of through running to Canton and are covered by the additional earnings of the Railway for these services, and we consider, therefore, that they may be continued on that basis.

107

(vii) Lastly, extra pay is granted to the Railway Staff on duty on Chinese New Year's Day at the rate of one additional day's pay. We understand that similar allowancest ranging from 20 cents to scavenging staff, to $1.00 for Motor Drivers, are paid in the Sanitary Department. We consider that these allowances should be paid under the general rule formulated in paragraph 171 and that in the case of men on daily wages double pay should be given.

173. Other Consolidated allowances for overtime are paid as follows:-

(i) In connection with the preparation of the Evening Weather Report and Map a Senior Officer of the Royal Observatory, must remain on duty up to 8 p.m. So long as the normal three officers are in the Colony no allowance is given, but when any one of them is on leave an allowance of $50 a month is paid to each of the remaining officers.

We con- sider there is no justification for the payment of such an allowance to officers of the stand- ing of the Director of the Royal Observatory and his Assistants. We have recommended what we consider are adequate salaries for these officers whose whole time is at the disposal of the Government, and the Chief Assistant will, in the absence of the Director, draw acting pay; we consider, therefore, that the allowance should cease, so far as the Director and Chief Assistant are concerned. The First Assistant draws no acting pay during the absence of one or other of his seniors, and we consider, therefore, that the allowance might reasonably be allowed to continue for him. It should, however, cease when a new appointment is made.

(ii) An allowance of $50 a month is paid to an Assistant Marine Surveyor for over- time in supervising the Government Slipway at Yaumati. We consider this allowance to be of the nature of a personal allowance granted for special reasons and advise its con- tinuance.

(iii) A sum of $300 appears in the Estimates as an Overtime Allowance to the Inspector of Permanent Way on the Kowloon Canton Railway. We understand that this allowance has been abolished.

(iv) An allowance of $5 a month is, at present, granted to a clerk in the Medical Department who is required to attend at the V. D. Clinic at the Government Civil Hospital from 5 to 8 p.m. on two nights a week.

We consider that this allowance should be continued.

v) Extra work allowances at the rate of $24 each per annum are paid to two Class IV Seamen in the Harbour Department for the painting of Harbour Department buoys, and to the Boatswain at Blackhead's Hill Signal Station for supervision of the typhoon signals hoisted there. We consider that these might reasonably be continued.

(vi) "Hard lying" allowances ranging from $2 to $4 a month are paid to the crews of the launch and motor boat attached to the Imports and Exports Department and a fur- ther messing allowance of $2 a month to the crew of the motor boat. These allowances were granted on account of the specially arduous duties attached to these boats and, we consider, they might reasonably be continued.

IV. Rent of Government Quarters, Rent and Lodging Allowances.

174. The General Orders dealing with Rented Quarters, Rent and Lodging Allow- ances read as follows:-

"109.-(1) For the purposes of these rules

(a) "married officer' includes a widow or widower who supports one or more sons under the age of 18 years, or one or more unmarried daughters; but does not include a married woman, or an officer on probation who shall without the permission of the Colonial Secretary marry during the probationary period of service.

108

(b) "salary" means the sterling salary of an officer's permanent appoint- ment together with any pensionable personal allowance which may be granted, converted into dollars at the rate of $10 to the pound. (c) "tenement" means a separate house or self-contained flat of two or

more rooms.

(2) Ordinarily only a married officer or an officer who has completed 20 years service will be allotted Government quarters for sole occupancy, or be allowed a rent allowance as the sole tenant of a rented tenement.

(3) (a) An officer occupying Government quarters shall, unless entitled to free quarters, pay rent at the rate of 6% of salary for unfurnished quar- ters and 7% for furnished quarters, provided that, an officer not entitled to free quarters residing with an officer entitled to free quarters in such quarters shall pay rent at the rate of 3% of salary, whether such free quarters are furnished or unfurnished.

(b) When more than one officer occupies Government quarters the rental charged will be 6% for unfurnished quarters, or 7% for furnished quarters, of the salary of the highest paid officer only.

(c) Officers entitled to free quarters (unless furniture is specially included in the conditions of their service) will pay 1% of salary if occupy- ing furnished quarters. If the quarters are occupied conjointly by more than one officer entitled to free quarters, the charge will be made on the salary of the highest paid officer only.

(4) (a) Except with the permission of the Colonial Secretary, no person other than an officer and the members of the officer's household shall regularly occupy Government quarters.

(b) An officer who refuses to occupy Government quarters when allotted to him will forfeit his claim to Rent Allowance or Lodging Allow-

ance.

(5) An officer who with permission of the Colonial Secretary rents or owns a tenement either for sole occupancy or for occupancy jointly with one or more other officers shall receive a rent allowance as follows:-viz., an amount equal to the difference between 6% of the salary of the highest paid officer and the sum paid (when the tenement is rented) or assessed (when the tenement is not rented) in respect of rent unfurnished, to- gether with the taxes paid for such tenement provided that such sum, including taxes, shall not exceed the following` maxima :—

(a) In the case of an officer whose salary exceeds £1,200 per annum

$250 per mensem.

(b) In the case of an officer whose salary exceeds £900 but does not exceed

£1,200 per annum, $200 per mensem.

£900 per annum, $175 per mensem.

(d) In the case of an officer whose salary does not exceed £600 per annum

$150 per mensem.

(6) Only one rent allowance shall be payable in respect of any tenement.

We consider that these regulations furnish a fair and adequate basis for the payment of rent for Government Quarters and for the grant of Rent Allowances in ordinary circumstances. We suggest, however, that with the addition of 15% to all sterling salaries, the salary limits in paragraph 5 of the General Order should be amended by substituting £1,400 for £1,200 in sub-paragraph (a), £1,100 for £900 in (b) and £700 for £600 in (c) and (d).

In the case of outlying districts, however, such as Taipo, the ordinary assessment rule is, in our opinion, inapplicable. The cost of building a house in a remote place is not lessened because the rateable value is likely to be low, nor is the benefit to Government

109

by the saving of a house diminished. On the other hand, the cost of building obviously cannot wholly be the basis of an allowance, because this might commit Government to too great an allowance. We consider that, where the market value of a house is not ascertainable by ordinary methods, it is fair to assess the rental at 6% of the gross cost of the land and building.

We think that in applying this rule it should be limited as usual by the condition as to allowances for rented tenements being based upon salaries set out in (a) (b) (c) and (d) of paragraph 5 of General Order No. 109.

175. General Order No. 109 (7) deals with Lodging Allowances and reads as follows:--

“An officer who with permission of the Colonial Secretary does not reside either in Government quarters or in a tenement in respect of which a rent allow- ance is payable under paragraph 5, shall receive a lodging allowance follows:

(a) Married officers 15% of salary subject to maximum of $100 per

month.

(b) Other officers 71% of salary subject to maximum of $50 per month.

We consider that this rule should be limited to officers having a salary not exceed- ing £1,200 per annum: We base this recommendation on the hypothesis that officers drawing a larger salary would probably obtain Government quarters, if they desired to do so, and, in any case, should have no difficulty in renting a tenement.

176. General Order No. 109 (8)-(12). reads as follows:-

(8) An unmarried mistress in the Education Department on sterling salary is granted, while in the Colony, free partially furnished quarters, if avail- able, or a rent allowance in lieu thereof of $50 a month.

(9) An Unpassed Cadet or Police Probationer is granted free partially-furnish- ed quarters or such rent allowance as the Government may in each case prescribe.

(10) Officers of the Police, Prison and Medical Departments, who are not entitled to free quarters under the terms of their engagement may never- theless be exempted from payment of quarters-rent when required to occupy quarters within or close to the institutions to which they are attached but if Government furniture is supplied in such quarters rent · thereon at the rate of 1% of salary will be payable by the occupier in all

cases.

(11) The immediately preceding regulation will apply also to executive officers

of the Railway in respect of the Railway quarters at Hung Hom. (12) During temporary absences, when there is a reasonable necessity that the officer paying rent or drawing an allowance should retain his accommoda- tion, the rent payable in respect of Government Quarters may be remitted or reduced and rent and lodging allowances may be continued.

We agree with all these regulations with the inclusion of Confidential Assistants and Stenographers in paragraph (8).

177. General Order No. 109 (A). reads as follows:--

"Officers of the Senior Clerical and Accounting Staff on sterling salaries are eligible for the privileges in respect of quarters described in General Order No. 109 subject to the proviso that no Officer below Class I may receive an allowance exceeding the amounts set out in General Order No. 110 (2).

110

We consider that officers of the Senior Clerical and Accounting Staff should be dealt with under General Order No. 109 without the proviso limiting the allowance to that payable for a subordinate officer for officers in Classes II or III.

178. General Order No. 110 deals with Subordinate European Officers. We agree with paragraphs (1) and (2) which read as follows:-

(1) Subordinate European Officers are granted free partially furnished quar-

ters in accordance with the terms of their appointments.

(2) If quarters are not available, a married officer, whose family is resident in the Colony, will receive a rent allowance not exceeding $110 a month, if he rents a tenement with the permission of the Government or an allowance not exceeding $70 a month, if a separate self-contained tenement is not rented and an officer with no dependents in the Colony will receive a rent allowance not exceeding $50 a month; provided that the rent allowance will in no case exceed the rental which is actually paid, and that these allowances may be modified or withdrawn at any time on six months' notice being given by Government.

The remainder of this Order deals with the allotment of the quarters and the grant of certain privileges connected with quarters; we have no comments to make on these provisions.

179. General Order No. 110A deals with officers holding appointments ordinarily recruited locally, not including Police and Prison staff, or officers on daily rates of pay. It is at present confined to male officers of ten years continuous service, and upwards and, where quarters are not available, rent allowances are granted according to the following rule:

"The allowance payable will be the difference between 6% of the officer's salary, inclusive of fixed personal allowances but of no other allowances, and the rent actually paid by him for accommodation occupied by himself and his dependents only, subject to the following maxima :—

Salaries of $3,000 per annum and over :—

Allowance of $25 per month.

Salaries of $2,000 per annum to $2,999:--

Allowance of $20 per month.

Salaries of $850 per annum to $1,999

Allowance of $15

per

month.

Salaries of $450 to $849:

Allowance of $8 per month.

Male officers on salaries of less than $450 per annum are at present granted allow- ances of $4 a month, irrespective of length of service, when no quarters are available, and $2 a month where single quarters only are available.

180. We have already referred to the lowest grade in paragraph 24 of this Report. We consider that as single quarters are in the main provided by Government for the convenience of housing its employees on certain premises, either from the point of view of discipline or in preparation for emergencies, the grant of such quarters should be ignored in computing the rent allowance to be granted to married male officers whose families are resident in the Colony. We consider further that where no quarters are provided, female officers have an equal claim to rent allowances on the same basis as male officers.

We are of opinion, also, that the requirement of ten years' continuous service, which finds no counterpart in the regulations for rent allowances to European officers, should be abandoned, and that rent allowances should be granted to officers recruited locally as from the time of their entry into the service.

111

The regulations governing the grant of rent allowances to Senior European Officers differ from those dealing with Subordinate European Officers by the requirement that the Senior Officer shall pay 6% of his salary for Government quarters or towards the cost of a rented tenement. While it is not possible to draw a dividing line so clearly in the case of officers recruited locally, the recommendations that we make do in fact embody this distinction.

181. We recommend as follows--

Where married quarters are not available for a male officer, or where no quarters are available for a female officer, rent allowances should be paid in accordance with the following scale :-

Where the salary does not exceed $360 per annum :-

$48 per annum;

Where the salary exceeds $360 and does not exceed $600 per annum

$60 per annum;

Where the salary exceeds $600 and does not exceed $800 per annum :

$84 per annum.

We consider, then, that officers, for whom we have recommended salaries exceed- ing $800 per annum, should make the usual contribution of 6% either for Government quarters or towards the cost of rented premises and recommend, therefore, that the allowance should be the difference between 6% of the officer's salary, inclusive of fixed personal allowance but of no other allowances, and the rent actually paid by him for ac- commodation occupied by himself and his dependents only, subject to the following

maxima:

Where the salary exceeds

$120 per annum; Where the salary exceeds $180 per annum; Where the salary exceeds $240 per annum; Where the salary exceeds

$300 per annum; Where the salary exceeds

$360 per annum; Where the salary exceeds

$420 per annum; Where the salary exceeds

$480 per annum;

S00 and does not exceed $1,000:-

$1,000 and does not exceed $1,200:-

$1,200 and does not exceed $1,800:-

$1,800 and does not exceed $2,500 :—

$2,500 and does not exceed $3,500:-

$3,500 and does not exceed $4,500 :-

$4,500:-

We agree with paragraphs (3) and (4) of this Order which read as follows:-

(3) Allowances may be withdrawn at any time in cases of misconduct or of refusal to occupy quarters offered by Government, or when in the opinion of Government the need for special rent allowances has ceased.

(4) For the purposes of these allowances or for the allotment of quarters one

wife only will be recognised.

182. We consider that these provisions should be in force generally and that rent allowances now appearing in the Estimates, not in accordance with these scales, should cease with the following exceptions:-

(i) Senior Chinese Revenue Officers are at present in receipt of rent allowances of $180 per annum; we suggest that these allowances should continue for present holders of these posts but that they should not be granted when new appointments are made.

(ii) Probationer Dressers (Medical Department) at present receive rent allowances of $96. We consider this allowance should cease when new appointments are made, and that they should come under the general rules detailed above.

112

(iii) Indian Prison Warders of over ten years service at present receive rent allowances of $180 per annum. We consider that these might continue. In this case it is understood that, as with the Police, the officer concerned must first obtain the consent of the Superintendent of Prisons to bring his wife to Hong Kong, and that he must live in approved premises.

(iv) Indian and Chinese Police come under General Order No. 111 which reads as follows:-

Where married quarters are not available, rent allowances may be granted, at the discretion of the Captain Superintendent of Police to officers of the Indian and Chinese contingents of the Police Force at the following rates:--

Inspectors and Sergeant Majors... Sergeants

$20 a month.

$10 a month.

$ 7 a month.

$7 a month.

Lance Sergeants

Constables, 1st Class not exceeding

10% of the Establishment

provided that the officer has obtained the consent of the Captain Superintendent of Police to bring his wife to Hong Kong and that he lives in approved quarters."

We are satisfied that conditions regarding the Police can be termed exceptional, and we recommend, therefore, that General Order No. 111 should remain as it is.

Conclusion.

183. We desire to express our appreciation of the very valuable assistance given to us by the Secretary, Mr. W. J. Carrie, of the Hong Kong Cadet Service, in the conduct of our prolonged enquiry and in the preparation of this Report. As will be readily realised from even the most cursory perusal of the Report, a series of elaborate calcula- tions had to be made by him before we could put forward our various recommendations; and we are especially indebted to his industry and to the thorough knowledge of conditions of service under the Colonial Government possessed by him and always available for

our use.

We also desire to call attention to the accurate and painstaking work of Miss V. R. Harrison who took the evidence of the very large number of witnesses who appeared before us, and has had to do all the typewriting necessary in the course of our enquiry; and, incidentally, often to work long after official hours in order to keep up with our rate of progress.

We are indebted also to Mr. Un Ting-fan of the Junior Clerical Service who inter- preted, when Chinese of the lower grades appeared before us, and to Mr. Badan Singh who assisted where necessary in the examination of Indian Police and Prison Warders.

We have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your Excellency's most obedient servants,

H. C GOLLAN, Chairman.

His Excellency

Sir CECIL CLEMENTI, K.C.M.G., etc.,

Governor, etc.

HONG KONG.

SHOU-SON CHOW,

PAUL LAUDER.

113

8 No. 1929

HONG KONG.

ABSTRACT SHOWING THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE APPROVED ESTIMATES OF EXPENDITURE FOR 1929 AND THE ESTIMATES OF EXPENDITURE FOR 1930.

Laid before the Legislative Council by Command of His Excellency the Governor, on the 5th September, 1929.

Increase.

Head 1.-His Excellency the Governor.

Decrease.

Personal Emoluments.

(a) Good Conduct Allowance

(b) New Post

42 (c) Personal Allowance 216

(b) Rent Allowance

Total

282

Total

Increase.

Decrease.

Personal Emoluments

Total

Deduct Decrease

Net Increase

Estimates 1930 Estimates 1929

Increase 1930

(a) Stipulated allowance.

(4) New appointment of a stoker.

...$.

282

...$

254

$ 103,617

103,363

. $

254

Increase.

Head 2.-Cadet Service.

Decrease.

Personal Emoluments.

(a) One post extra

Stipulated Increments

4,500 (a) One post less 13,639

New appointment

14,400 6,710

Total

$ 18,139

Total

21,110

Net Decrease $2,971.

Increase.

Decrease.

Estimates 1929 Estimates 1930

.$ 365,565 362,594

Decrease 1930

2,971

(a) One extra unpassed Cadet to replace one Passed Cadet transferred.

Increase.

New Posts

Stipulated Increments

Total

114

Head 3.-Senior Clerical Staff.

Decrease.

Estimates 1930 Estimates 1929

Increase 1930

Personal Emoluments.

33,000 7,530

New Appointments

Reduction of Posts

40,530

Total

Net Increase $21,974.

Increase.

...$ 242,077 220,103

21,974

Decrease.

14.056 4,500

18,556

Increase.

Decrease.

Head 4.-Junior Clerical Service.

(a) New Posts

Stipulated Increments

(b) Overtime Allowances

Total

Personal Emoluments.

44,000 31,800 1,800

Personal Allowances

12,200

Shorthand Allowances New appointments

37,426

77,600

Total

49,726

Net Increase $27,874.

Increase.

Decrease.

$ 753,895 726,021

27,874

Estimates 1930 Estimates 1929

Increase 1930

(a) Includes increase in proportion of higher class posts. (b) Consolidated from various Departments.

posts.

Inercase

Decrease.

Head 5.-Colonial Secretary's Department.

Personal Emoluments.

Stipulated Increment

240

(b) (2) Good Conduct Allowances

134

(a) New Post

132

(b) (1) Good Conduct Allowances (c). Rent Allowances

Total ...

475

Total

134

115

COLONIAL SECRETARY'S DEPARTMENT,—Continued.

Other Charges.

(d) Uniforms for Office Attendants

etc.

(e) Cleaning of Offices

(f) Books

Total

(g) Electric Clocks (h) Steel Cabinets

Total ...

1,500

500

2,020

Special Expenditure.

250

3,100

3,350

Personal Emoluments

Other Charges

Special Expenditure

Total

Deduct Decrease

Net Increase

Estimates 1930 Estimates 1929

Increase 1930

•

Decrease.

134

Increase.

475

2,020

3,350

5,845

***

134

5,711

46,909

41,198

5,711

134

(a) One new messenger @ $132.

(b) (1) Stipulated G.C.A. and Promotions.

(2) Decrease due to death of Office Attendant, re-

signations and promotions.

(d) Increase due to one new post. (e) Required for new offices. (f) To complete library equipment. (7) Required for new offices.

(h) To replace wooden cabinets.

Increase.

Decrease.

Head 6.-Secretariat for Chinese Affairs.

Personal Emoluments.

(a) Now Post

(b) Stipulated increment

3.000

240

(d) Good Conduct Allowances

1.000 38

Total

3,240

Total

1.038

Personal Emoluments

Total

Deduct Decrease

Net Increase

Estimates 1930 Estimates 1929

Increase 1930

(a) Salary of Chinese Assistant.

(b) Stipulated increment of salary of Inspector of

Factories.

Increase.

Decrease.

3,240

1,038

3,240 1,038

1,038

.$ 2.202

15,382

13,180

2,202

(d) One attendant, who drew Good Conduct Allow-

ance, retired.

Increase.

116

Head 7.-Treasury Department.

Decrease.

Personal Emoluments.

Stipulated Increment

240

(a) New Post

132

(b) Rent Allowance

Total ...

420

Total...

Personal Emoluments

Deduct Decrease

Net Increase

Estimates 1930

Estimates 1929

Increase 1930

(a) additional messenger appointed.

(b) Allowance for the additional messenger.

Increase.

Decrease.

420

369

16.529 16,160

369

Head 8.-Audit Department.

Decrease.

Personal Emoluments.

(a) Stipulated increments (b)

.$ 2,563

allowances

Total

2,571

Total

(e) Share of Home Expenditure (f) Transport and Travelling

Total ...

Personal Emoluments

Other Charges

Total

Deduct Decrease

Net Increase

Estimates 1930

Estimates 1929

Increase 1930

Other Charges.

434

230

664

Increase.

2,571 664

Decrease.

3,235

3,215

49,996

46,781

$35

3,215

(a) Increments of 2nd and 3rd Asst. Auditors. (b) Stipulated increase of Good Conduct Allowance. (c) To balance Good Conduct Allowance.

(d) New appointment-Good Conduct Allowance un-

earned.

(e) Variation in Exchange of Sterling Payments.

(f) Provision for monthly tram ticket for audit of P. W. D. Stores account and provision for Auditor's passage from Shanghai to Hong Kong in connection with the audit of the Re- gistrar of Companies account.

ورا

Increase

117

Head 9. District Office, North.

Personal Emoluments.

(a) Stipulated Increments

108

(b) Good Conduct Allowance

Total

175

Other Charges.

Total

100

Uniform.

100.

Total

Increase.

175

100

275

150

125

...

23,424

23,299

Personal Emoluments

Other Charges

Total

Deduct Decrease

Net Increase

Estimates 1930 Estimates 1929

Increase 1930

(a) Increment to 1 Land Bailiff and to 4 Demarcators. (b) Increases to 2 office attendants ($4 plus $6) to 5 messengers ($12 plus $11 plus $7 plus $6 plus $6) to 1 land bailiff's coolie ($2) to latrine attendants ($9).

125

Decrease.

150

(e) Extra transport for travelling.

Increase

Head 10.-District Office, South.

Personal Emoluments.

(a) Stipulated Increments

131

(d) Good Conduct Allowance

(b) Good Conduct Allowances (c) Rent Allowance

Total

240

Total ...

(e) Uniform

Total

Other Charges.

Decrease

150

Decrease

Personal Emoluments

Other Charges

Total

Deduct Decrease

Net Increase

Estimates 1930 Estimates 1929

Increase 1930

:..

(a) Stipulated Increment to one land bailiff and one

demarcator.

() Increase of G. C. A. to one notice service and one

office attendant.

Increasc.

Decrease.

240

260

164

13,416 13,252

164

(e) More uniforms for messengers.

Increase.

(a) New posts

Stipulated increments

(d) Rent Allowances to postmen

Total

(g) Rent of Branch Offices

Total

118

Head 11. (A)–Post Office.

Decrease.

Personal Emoluments.

7,170

1,201

(e) Sunday & holiday work

allowances

(f) Good Conduct Allowances

1,382 161

8,527

Total ...

1,543

Other Charges.

Carriage of Mails:

(h) Transit Charges

(i) Transport

5,000 800

...$

Total

5,800

Personal Emoluments

Other Charges

Decrease.

1,543

5,800

575

7,918

Special Expenditure.

() Pillar & Letter Boxes (k) Hand Trucks

500 550

(1) One Postal Franker

Total

1,050

Total

Increase.

8 527

1,050

9,613

7,918

1,695

$ 308,835

307,140

1.695

Special Expenditure

Total

Deduct Decrease

Net Increase

Estimates 1930 Estimates 1929

Increase 1930

(a) 1 new Inspector of Postmen (£220) at $2,640, 1 new Class 1 Postal Clerk at $3,000, 1 new Class VI Postal Clerk at $450, 1 new Learner

at $360, and 4 new postmen 3rd Class at $180 each.

(d) 4 additional postmen.

(e) Revised estimate.

(/) Less men entitled.

(y) Increase in rent.

(h) See note (e).

(i) Do.

() Required for extending posting facilities.

575

(k) Required for conveying mails to and from wharf, (Non-recurrent.

Increase.

Head 11.-(B)-Wireless.

Personal Emoluments.

(a) Salaries

67,366

(b) Stipulated increments

3,822

23,908

(d) Transferred from Head 4 Junior

Clerical Services

2,500

(e) Field Allowances to Telegraphists

2,240

Rent Allowances to Messengers

(g) Good Conduct Allowances

(h) Sunday & holiday Work Allow-

1,104

ances

Total

2,000

$ 102,958

Decrease.

يا

Increase.

119

HEAD 11.-(B) WIRELESS,—Continued.

Other Charges.

Cleaning Materials, Utensils & Washing

250

(1) Incidental Expenses

500

(k) Uniforms

1,100

(1) Rent of Offices for Radiotelegraphs

15,000

Total

16,850

Card Index

Special Expenditure.

900

Decrease,

Total Estimates 1930-$120,708

(a) Transferred from Public Works Department. (b) Stipulated increments.

Telegraphist at $1,200, 6 Class V Telegraphists at $900 each, 5 Class VI Telegraphists at $450 each, 4 Class V Clerks at $900 each, 2 Class VI Clerks at $450 each, 5 messengers 2nd Class at $156 each and 4 messengers 3rd Class at $132 each. 6 Class V and 5 Class VI Telegraphists authorised by Special Warrants.

(d) 1 Class IV Clerk at $1,200, 1 Class VI Clerk and

1 Class VI Shroff at $450 each.

(e) See note (a).

(f) $432 transferred from P.W.D. (g) See note (a).

(h) $1,653 transferred from P.W.D. (7) See note (a).

Do.

(i)

(1)

Do.

Increase.

Decrease.

Head 12.-Imports and Exports Office.

Personal Emoluments.

Stipulated Increments

628

Stipulated Allowances

859

(e) Senior Revenue Officer (f) Revenue Officers

(a) Revenue Officer

3,640

(g) Personal Allowance

Language Allowance

(h) Abolition of Post

(b) Additional 1st. Class C.R.O. Post

561

Good Conduct Allowance

648

(i) Abolition of Posts

(d) Statistical Branch

46,028

(Opium Packers

Total

52,424

Total

900 360

12 456

1,620

3,444

Other Charges.

Conveyance and Motor Allowances Overtime Allowances for Clerical Staff

420

Candles and Batteries for searching

600

purposes

200

Cleansing Materials and Washing

100

Incidental Expenses

300

Liquor Labels, Printing

1,000

Office Cleaning Materials

300

Transport

400

Uniforms for Revenue Officers and

Messengers

3,500

Opium-Electric Fans and Light

500

Fuel

2,000

Miscellaneous Stores

500

Packing Expenses

1,000

Purchase of Raw Opium etc.

50.000

Transport

800

Total

1,020

Total

60,600

120

IMPORTS & EXPORTS OFFICE,-Continued.

STATISTICAL BRANCH.

Cleaning Materials

Book Binding Incidental Expenses

Miscellaneous Stationery

480

360

400

750

13 Reports

5,200

Forms and Registers &c.

32,000

Central Receiving Office

7,200

Chinese Receiving Office

5,000

Statistical Office

18.000

Electric Light and Heating

1,200

Total

70,590

Special Expenditure.

Purchase of Launch

53,000

Platform Scale

Total

53,000

Total

Personal Emoluments

Other Charges

Statistical Branch

Special Expenditure

Total

Deduct Decrease

Net Increase

Estimates 1930 Estimates 1929

Increase 1930

300

Increase.

Decrease.

52,424

1,020

3,444 60,600

300

64,344

70,590

53,000

$ 177,034

64,344

$ 112,690

.$ 866,436

753,746

.$ 112,690

(a) 1 New Post.

(b) To replace Tallyman.

(d) Re-establishment of Statistical Branch.

(e) New Appointment: Senior Revenue Officer. (f) New Appointments: Revenue Officers.

(g) Absorbed in G.C.A.

(h) Tallyman Post abolished.

(i) Two Shroffs and one Chinese Clerk-Opium Sales

Department not required.

(7) New Appointments: Opium Packers.

Increase.

Head 13.-(A)—Harbour Department.

Decrease.

Personal Emoluments.

(a) New Posts

(b) Stipulated Increments.

19,202 8,075

(i) Abolition of Posts

(i) Reduction on New Appointments $

2,519

(k) Reduction of Salary

(d) Personal Allowances

(?) Good Conduct Allowances

(e) Good Conduct Allowances

233

(m) Transferred to Heads

(f) Rent Allowances (g) Language Allowances. (h) Other Allowances

Total.

...

(n) Personal Allowances,

300

2,776

30,586

(q) Language Allowances (r) Other reductions

Total ...

3,000

5,680

121

HARBOUR DEPARTMENT,-Continued.

Other Charges.

(s) 2. Coal & Oil Fuel for Launches $ (t) 3. Conveyance & Motor Allow-

10,000

(aa) 4. Electric Fans & Light (bb) 5. Examination Fees

900

...

500

ances

2,040

(cc) 6. Expenses of Numbering Boats

400

(u) 9. Moorings for Harbour Craft

& Rock & Fairway Buoys

1,000

(v) 11. Rent of Offices

1,440

(w) 12. Repair & Minor Improvement and Stores for Launches and

Boats

(x) 16. Uniforms

(y) 19. Coal for Offices

(z) 20. Rent and Light and Water

Allowances for Slipway Staff

Total

5,000

690

5,000

2,934

28,104

Total ...

1,800

Special Expenditure.

21. Electrifying Typhoon

Signals at Gap Rock

1 New Motor Launch for

G.M.S. Department

25,000

& Waglan

500

Special repairs to Yaumati

22. 1 New Motor Launch for

Slipway

2,500

G.M.S. Dept.

15,400

1 New Engine for Motor Boat

23. 1 New Motor Launch for

of Stanley

1,100

G.M.S. Dept.

30,000

(ee)

Cust Rock Beacon

4,000

24. 1 Pressure Gauge Testing

Machine

4,000

25. 1 Duplicator

475

(dd)

26. 1 Fuller Bakewell Spiral

Slide Rule

Filing Cabinets for Registration

Records

2 Reversible A Class Buoys Training Expenses of G.M.S.

in England

655

...

5,500

7,200

27. 2 Reversible A Class Buoys

5,000

28. 1 New Launch for carrying

of Stores & Relief

40,000

29. 1 Safe for Deputy Harbour

Master

350

30. Training Expenses of

G.M.S. in England

20,945

31. Conversion of Commercial

Moorings

Total

92,200

$ 208,955

Total

45,955

Personal Emoluments

Other Charges

Special Expenditure

Total

Deduct Decrease

Net Increase

Estimates 1930 Estimates 1929

Increase 1930

Increases.

Increase.

Decrease.

30,586

5,680

28,104

1,800

208,955

45,955

$ 267,645 53,435

53,435

.$ 214,210

$ 996,342 782,132

...$ 214,210

Personal Emoluments.

(a) New Posts.

2 Boarding Officers

1 Sergeant Interpreter, Tsun Wan

1 Motor Machanic, Stanley

1 Class II Coxswain, Spare Rating

1 Class II Engineer, Spare Rating

1 Class III Stoker, Britannia

Carried forward

8,400

427

360

504

213

9,964

-,546,",,,"

122

HARBOUR DEPARTMENT,-Continued.

1 Class V Engineer for New Launch H.D. 12

1 Class III Coxswain,

1 2nd Coxswain,

1 Class III Stoker,

1 Class II Seaman,

Do.

Brought forward

1 Class II Coxswain for New Launch for I. & E. Department

1 2nd Coxswain,

1 Class II Seaman,

1 Class IV Engineer,

1 Class V Engineer,

Do.

9,964

150

114

180

114

180

150

114

180

150

1 Class III Coxswain for New Launch for carriage of Stores and relief

1 2nd Coxswain,

1 Class II Seaman,

1 Class IV Engineer,

1 Class V Engineer,

Do.

1 Class II Coxswain for New Launch for Sanitary Department

1 2nd Coxswain,

2 Class II Seamen,

1 Class IV Engineer,

Do.

1 Class V Engineer,

2 Apprentice Lighthouse Keepers promoted to permanent Lighthouse Keepers

3 Painters for Government Slipway, Yaumati

3 Carpenters,

Do.

2 Sailmakers,

Do.

2 Yard Coolies,

Do.

(b) Stipulated increments as per Form A in Draft Estimates

(d) Personal Allowances

(e) Good Conduct Allowances.

Stipulated Allowances to Seamen, Watchmen, and Messengers Stipulated Allowances to Lighthouses Chinese Staff

Stipulated Allowances to Signal Stations

(f) Rent Allowances

(g) Language Allowances.

To 3 Boarding Officers

To Chief Inspector of Junks

To European Boatswain, Government Slipway, Yaumati

180

114

192

180

150

3,670

900

600

336

€

181

19,202

8,075

233

€

(h) Other Allowances.

Overtime Allowances Junior Clerical Service

To 17 Diesel Engineers

Lodging Allowance to 2 Lighthouse Keepers promoted from Apprentice Lighthouse

Keepers ...

Total Increase

180

300

400

2,040

336

2,776

30,586

123

HARBOUR DEPARTMENT,—Continued.

Personal Emoluments.

:..

170

1,635

462

202

2,519

Decreases.

(i) Abolition of Posts

(7) Reduction on New Appointments.

To the post of Boarding Officer

To the post of Chief Inspector of Junks

To the post of Assistant Chief Inspector of Junks

To posts in various Launches

To the post of Assistant Chinese Lighthouse Keeper

To the post of Messenger, Government Slipway, Yaumati To the post of a Coolie, Government Coaling Depot

(k) Reduction of Salary

(1) Good Conduct Allowances.

2 New Appointments of Watchmen, Gunpowder Depot

(m) Transferred to Head

(n) Personal Allowances.

1 Class IV Seaman vide C.S.O. Cir. 31 of 25.6.27.

1 Messenger

(9) Language Allowances.

(r) Other Reductions.

Do.

New Appointment of Chief Assistant Inspector of Junks

2 Apprentices promoted to Permanent Lighthouse Keepers (Their posts not requiring filling up)

3,000

Total Decrease

5,680

Other Charges.

Increases.

(s) 2. Coal and Oil Fuel for Launches.

Provision made for 4 new launches

10,000

(t) 3. Conveyance and Motor Allowances.

13 Assistant Government Marine Surveyors are drawing higher motor allowances than estimat-

ed for 1929 ...

2,040

(u) 9. Moorings for Harbour Craft and Rock and Fairway Buoys.

Increase due to providing Buoys and Mooring for Air Craft

(v) 11. Rent of Offices. Extra accommodation for Government Marine Surveyors

(w) 12. Repair, Minor improvement and Stores for Launches and Boats.

4 Additional Launches

(x) 16. Uniforms.

More Uniforms for 2 new Boarding Officers and Crew of 4 additional Launches

(y) 19. Coal for Offices.

Omitted from 1929 Estimates

(z) 20. Rent and Light and Water Allowances for Slipway Staff.

New Sub-head of Expenditure

1,000

1,440

5,000

6,90

5,000

2,934

Total Increase

28,104

Decrease.

(aa) 4. Electric Fans and Light.

Less Electric Current is being used than anticipated

(bb) 5. Examination Fees.

Fewer Examinations are now being held

(cc) 6. Expenses of Numbering Boats.

Considered sufficient

Total Decrease

Increases.

(dd) 21 to 31 New items considered necessary.

Decreases.

(ee) Items non recurrent

Special Expenditure.

900

500

400

1,800

$ 208,955

45,955

Increase

New Posts

Total

Upkeep of Aerodrome

...

Incidentals

124

Head 13.-(B)—Air Services.

Annual Grant to Flying Club

Total

Personal Emoluments.

10,080

Other Charges.

750

250

30,000

31,000

Special Expenditure.

Subsidy to Commercial Aviation

...$ 100,000

Subsidy to Flying Club

60,000

Total

$160,000

Personal Emoluments

Other Charges

Special Expenditure

Total

Estimate 1930

Increase

(b) Stipulated Increments

Total

Decrease.

Increase.

Decrease.

10,080

31,000

160,000

201,080

.$ 201,080

Head 14.-Royal Observatory.

Personal Emoluments.

240 6

(a) Acting Pay

246

Total

Decrease.

1,400

Other Charges.

(e) Printing

1,000

(d) Meteorological Telegrams

Maintenance: Time Service

..$

1,200

Total

1,000

Total

...$

1,250

Special Expenditure.

200

...

200

(g) Renovation of Time Service

Switchboard

Total

፣

125

ROYAL OBSERVATORY,-Continued.

Personal Emoluments

Other Charges

Special Expenditure

Total

Deduct Increase

Net Decrease

Estimates 1929

Estimates 1930

Decrease 1930

Increase.

Decrease.

246

1,400

1,000

1,250

200

..$

1,446

2,650

1,446

1,204

38,306

37,102

1,204

(a) Non recurrent.

(b) Stipulated increments to First Assistant.

(d) Considered sufficient.

(e) Extra Printing—Magnetic Results etc.

(g) To remedy defective insulation.

Increase

Head 15.-Fire Brigade Department.

(a) New Posts

(b) Stipulated Increments

(d) Good Conduct Allowance

Total

Personal Emoluments.

Decrease.

13,200 2,482

(e) Abolition of Posts

1,862

120

(f) Reduction on new appointments (g) Ration Allowance

296

270

(h) Language Allowance

15,764

Total

2.012

Other Charges.

(i) Conveyance Allowance

120

Coolie Hire

(1) Light & Electric Fans

1,000

(m) Repairs to Motor Engines & Plant

() Rent of Stations

Total

1,216

Total

(n) Motor Fire Float

(0) 6 Cable & Bar Cutting Shears (p) 2 Oxy-acetylene Cutting outfits (q) 4 Acetylene Searchlights

Total

50 1,000

· 1,050

Special Expenditure.

150,000

1,500

(r) Bayley Fire Escape (r) 6" Sliding Lathe

2,300 900

360

(r) Motor Fire Engine

22.000

1,400

(r) 2 Turbine Pumps

4,000

(r) Boiler for No. 3 Float

6,000

(r) 24 Ori Nasal Masks

500

(r) 12 Portable Ladders (r) 6 Davy Fire Escapes

300

900

...$ 153,260

Total

36,900

126

FIRE BRIGADE DEPARTMENT,-Continued.

Personal Emoluments

Other Charges

Special Expenditure

Total

Deduct Decrease

Net Increase

Estimates 1930 Estimates 1929

Increase 1930

(a) 1 Inspection Officer @ £450 additional.

3 Motor Drivers @ $1,020 each additional.

3 Fitters @ $480 each additional.

1 Engineer Grade II @ $960 additional.

3 Engineers Grade III @ $420 each additional.

2 Coxswains Class I @ $420 each additional.

1 Stoker Class II @ $240 additional.

(b) Increments earned by officer on incremental scale

of salary.

(e) Additional certificates obtained by 2 Assistant

Station Officers.

(d) One station Coolie qualified for increased allow-

ance.

(e) 2 Fitters @ $480 and One Engineer Grade IV not

required.

(f) 6 Motor Drivers, 1 Engineer and 1 Coxswain ap- pointed and 2 Engineers and 1 Coxswain pro- moted.

Increase.

Increase. ...$ 15,764

Decrease.

2,012

1,216 153,260

1,050

36,900

$ 170,240

39,962

130,278

$ 380,564

250,286

130,278

(g) Ration allowance for 3 Indian Motor Drivers not

required.

() Language allowance for 1 Indian Motor Driver not

required.

(4) Increased allowance to Asst. Engineer and Station

Officer.

(1) Larger premises at Mongkok and small motor for

Lathe.

(4) Rent of quarters for Firemen at Shaukiwan. (1) Not required.

(m) Less repairs anticipated.

(n) To replace small steam Float unfit for further

service.

(6) For cutting barred windows and steel cables. (p) For cutting steel plating and doors. (2) For use at night at fires or collapses. (7) Non recurrent, ordered in 1929.

Decrease.

(a) Acting pay

(b) Personal allowance

(d) Language allowance

(e) Transfer from S. C. & A. S.

(f) Good Conduct allowances

Total

Head 16.-Supreme Court.

Personal Emoluments.

12,000 300

(g) Reduction on new appointments $ (h) Abolition of posts ...

2,298

2,100

1,720

120

(i) Good Conduct allowances

185

(j) Personal allowance

1,138

15.295

Total

4,588

Other Charges.

(k) Conveyance allowance

Total ...

180

Personal Emoluments Other Charges

Total

Deduct Decrease

Net Increase

Estimates 1930 Estimates 1929

Increase 1930 ·

(a) During absence on leave of Chief Justice.

(b) For Registrar, whole year.

(d) For Clerk and Usher.

(e) For Probationer Clerk and Usher, previously paid

from S.C. & A.S.

(f) Stipulated Good Conduct Allowances.

.:..

Increase.

15,295

4,768

10,527

$ 153,570 143,043

: $

10,527

Decrease.

4,588

180

4,768

(9) New appointments-Interpreter, and Second Bailiff. (h) Previous holder promoted to Second Bailiff, post

now abolished.

() New appointments, no allowances.

(j) Absorbed in Good Conduct allowances.

(k) One post abolished.

Increase

127

Head 17.--Attorney General.

Personal Emoluments.

(a) New Post

(b) Good Conduct Allowance

Total

12,000

12,015

Estimates 1930

34,728

Estimates 1929

22,713

Increase 1930

12,015

(a) One new appointment (One Assistant to be paid

under Head 2.-Cadet Service).

(b) Three will qualify for increases.

Increase

Head 18.-Crown Solicitor.

(a) Stipulated Increments ... (b) Good Conduct Allowance

..$

Total

Personal Emoluments.

929

930

Increase.

Decrease.

Personal Emoluments

Total

...$

930

Net Increase ·

..$

930

Estimates 1930

34,913

Estimates 1929

33,988

Increase 1930

...$

930

(a) 3 qualified for stipulated increments.

(b) 1 qualified for good conduct allowance.

Increase

Head 19.-Official Receiver.

Personal Emoluments.

Stipulated Increments

(a) Acting Pay

300 3,342

(b) Good Conduct Allowance

Total

3,650

Personal Emoluments

Total

Estimates 1930 Estimates 1929

Increase 1930

(a) Official Receiver on leave,

Increuse.

Decrease.

3,650

13,825 10,175

3,650

(b) Office attendant qualified.

Decrease.

Increase

Stipulated Increments

Total

128

Head 20.-Land Office.

Personal Emoluments

Deduct Decrease

Net Increase

Estimates 1930 Estimates 1929

Increase 1930

(a) New appointment.

Increase

Personal Emoluments.

300 (a) Good Conduct Allowance

..$

300

Total

Increase.

Decrease.

200

132.

132

168

25,144

24,976

...$

168

Head 21. Magistracy, Hong Kong.

(a) Good Conduct Allowance

Total

Net Increase

Estimates 1930 Estimates 1929

Personal Emoluments.

Increase 1930

...

(a) Stipulated allowances.

Increase

Increase.

Decrease.

2,289

2,264

Head 22.-Magistracy, Kowloon.

Personal Emoluments.

Good Conduct Allowance

(a) Personal Emoluments

Total

Estimates 1929 Estimates 1930

Decrease 1930

(a) Stipulated increase and one new appointment.

..$

Total ...

Increase.

Decrease.

132

Decrease.

Decrease

2,132

2,118

Increase

129

Head 23.-Police Department.

Personal Emoluments.

Decrease.

(a) New Posts

45,144

(i) Abolition of Posts

(b) Stipulated Increments

14,332

(1) Reduction on new appointments

4,504 2,568

...

(k) Good Conduct Allowances

372

(d) Good Conduct Allowances

905

(1) Transferred to Head 4.

2.267

(e) Rent Allowances

(m) Personal Allowance

(f) Language Allowances.

4,146

(n) Drill Allowances

(g) Drill Allowances

(h) Cruising Launch Allowances

2,645

Total

67,412

Total ...

9.833

Other Charges.

(0) Ammunition

1,000

(w) Bedding

1,000

(p) Clothing & Accoutrements

5,000

(a) Grant to Village Scouts

600

(a) Conveyance & Motor Allowances

600

(y) Light & Electric Fans

1,000

(r) Disinfectants

1,000

(z) Petrol Oil etc. for Police Cars &

(8) Incidental Expenses

500

Cycles

...

1,000

(t) Mess Utensils

2,500

(au) Rent of Stations

(u) Passages

15,000

(bb) Repairs to Police Motor Cars and

(r) Rewards

200

(cc)

Cycles (ee) Furniture: Repairs

500

1,500

Total

25,800

Total

5,696

Special Expenditure.

(dd) Handcuffs

2,500

(ee) Pistols

(pp) Traffic Signal

1,100

2,500

..(pp) Handcuffs

2,000

(ff) Emergency Unit Van

12,500

(pp) Shot Guns

1,500

(gg) 1 Motor Car

6,000

(pp) Chemical Extincteurs

600

(hh) 1 Motor Car

3,000

(pp) Bullet Proof Vests

900

(ii) 4 Motor Cycle Combinations

4,400

(pp) 2 Motor Cycle Combinations

2,200

(j) 1 Solo Motor Cycle

800.

(kk) 1 Light Motor Van

(pp) 2 Solo Motor Cycles

1,600

3,500

(1) Cruising Launch

100,000

car chassis

(mm) Mosquito Net Poles (nn) 5 Duplicators

(00) Photostat

Total

3,000

(pp) 3 Motor Cycle Commercial side

(pp) Special Replacement of Bedding

750

150 4,500

and Utensils

3,000

(pp) Special Replacement of Clothing

15,000

$142,850

Total

28,650

Personal Emoluments

Other Charges

Special Expenditure

Total

Deduct Decrease

Net Increase

Estimates 1930 Estimates 1929

Increase 1930

Increase.

Decrease.

67,412

9,833

25,800

5,696

142,850

28,650

44,179

.$ 236,062 44,179

$ 191,883

.$ 2,159,235

འ=

1,967,352

$ 191,883

1 Additional Chief Engineer @ $960.

(a) 1 Additional Probationer @ £350.

122

Inspector @ £400.

European Lance Sergeants

each.

Indian Lance Sergeant @ $336.

Indian Constables @ $276 each.

Chinese Constables @ $204 each.

Seamen @ $192 each...

Engineer Class III @ $420.

£160

Special Guards @ $324 each.

Special Guards @ $300 each. Boatmen @ $180 each.

(6) Increments earned by officers on incremental scale

of salary.

1.30

POLICE DEPARTMENT,-Continued.

(d) 4 Medals granted, 3 messengers qualified for allow- ance and 75 Coolies, Messengers and Female searchers qualified for increased allowance.

(e) Allowance payable to 3 Boatmen.

(f) Increased number of certificates obtained. (g) 2 additional Indian Instructors allowances. (h) Allowances to officers on Cruising Launches. (i) 1 Sub-Inspector less @ £360.

1 Engineer Class II less @ $504 Range Marker $400.

(j) Promotions from lower classes.

(2) Allowances lapsed owing to retirements and dis-

missals.

(1) Transferred to Junior Clerical Staff. (m) Absorbed in Good Conduct Allowance.

(n) 2 Chinese Drill Instructors allowance less. (0) To provide for 3 pdr. gun ammunition. (p) More Clothing required.

(g) New allowances.

(r) Anti-malarial measures.

(s) Senior Officers Course at Scotland Yard. (t) More Mess Utensils necessary.

(u) More European Officers due for leave. (v) More rewards payable.

(w) Provision covers Bedding only.

(x) Scouts at Tai O withdrawn.

(y) Less current consumed.

(z) Cheaper Petrol.

(aa) Transferred to Head 15.

(bb) Fewer repairs anticipated.

(cc) Transferred to P.W.D. Vote.

(dd) To complete replacement with new pattern.

(ee) To replace worn out weapons.

(ƒ) To provide van for Emergency Unit.

(gg) To replace one condemned by Board of Survey. (hh)

Do.

(i) To replace 4 condemned by Board of Survey. (3) To replace 1 condemned by Board of Survey. (kk) To convey light stores in Hong Kong. (1) To replace No. 1 Launch. (mm) To fit poles to existing iron beds. (nn) For duplicating work in out stations. (00) For use in Photographic Department. (pp) Non recurrent, ordered in 1929.

Increase

(a) Stipulated increments.

(b) New Posts

(d) Language allowances

(e) Good conduct allowances (f) Rent allowances

Total ...

Decrease.

Head 24.-Prisons.

Personal Emoluments.

1,445 .29,341

(g) Reduction of staff

9,568

(h) Reduction on new appointments

158

480

(i) Personal allowance

2,740

88 144

Printing allowance.

480

34,238

Total....

10,218

Other Charges.

(1) Fuel

2,000

Clothing and shoes for staff

1,000

(1) Gratuities to prisoners

(m) Rent of quarters for Indian

Warders

350

Clothing for prisoners

1,000

Light

1,000

2,000

Photography

100

Total

4,350

Total

3,100

Special Expenditure.

Dental appliances

300

Printing machine

8,000

Linotype machine

14,200

Bookback rounding machine

1,000

Rota Print machine

6,550

Total ...

21,050

Total ...

9,000

Personal Emoluments

Other Charges

Special Expenditure

Total

Deduct Decrease

Net Increase

Estimates 1930

Estimates 1929

Increase 1930

Increase.

Decrease.

34,238

10,218

...

4,350

3,100

21,050

9,000

...

59,638

22,318

37,320

$ 585,684

548,364

37,320

131

PRISONS,

Continued.

(a) 1 Supt.

1 Asst. Supt.

2 Chief warders

56 Warders

$ 300

300

201

353

(c) Personal allce. to 1 Principal warder (7) More officers qualified for language allce. () More officers qualified for good conduct allce. () Increase of 3 coolies.

480

1 Matron

(g) 1 Pharmacist

$4,050

3 Wardresses

1 Principal warder

4,288

2 Indian Principal warders

120

3 Indian warders

1,230

100 Asst. warders

111-

9,568

$ 1,445

(h) 3 Indian asst. Principal warders $ 90

(b) 1 Principal Printing officer

$4,560

48 Guards

1 Asst.

Do.

3,960

6 Guards temporary

3 Printing officers....

7,680

3 Trades Instructors

48.

1 Proof reader and typist

1,440

158

1 Hospital Supervisor

4,170

1 Asst.

Do.

3,090

(/) Not required on new appointment. (j) Allowances abolished.

1 Hosp. Indian Principal warder

925

1 Hosp. Asst.

Do.

600

7 Hosp. warders

3 Coolies

2,520 396

(k) Gas fire more expensive than firewood. (7) More convicts due for discharge. (m) More quarters for Indians required,

29,341

Increase.

(a) New Posts

(b) Stipulated Increments

(d) Specialist Allowance

(e) Language Allowances

(f) Overtime Allowances

(g) Good Conduct Allowance (h) Rent Allowances

Total

A. STAFF.

Head 25.-Medical Department.

(n) Con. and Motor Allowances

Decrease.

Personal Emoluments.

$ 106,090

(i) Abolition of Posts

3,030

34,119

() Reduction on New Appointments

44,324

7,614

(k) Good Conduct Allowances

149

600

(1) Personal Allowance,

120

(m) Rent Allowance

870

560

$ 150,069

Total

47,610

Other Charges.

B.-GENERAL,

8,120

Bodding and Clothing Medical Comforts

3,000

500

B.-GENERAL.

(0) Books

D.-BACTERIOLOGICAL INSTITUTE.

100

(p) Fuel and Light

3,500

Apparatus and Chemical

800

(r) Incidental Expenses

(8) Medicines, Surgical Appliances

(9) Furniture & Repairs to Furniture

and Instruments

1,000

Preparation of Vaccines, Serum etc.

500

200

10,000

(t) Provisions for patients

12,000

(u) Upkeep of X-Ray Apparatus,

1,500

(v) Washing

1,500

(w) Expenses of Course of Study and attendance at Medical Congresses

5,000

MORTUARIES, VICTORIA & KOWLOON.

(x) Uniforms

E. GOVERNMENT LABORATORY, (y) Conveyance Allowance

120

(*) Uniform

Total

38,072

Total ... ...

4,800

Increase.

132

MEDICAL DEPARTMENT,—Continued.

Decrease.

Expenses of Courses of Study and at-

tendance at Medical Congresses...$ Repairs to Microscopes for Bacteriolo-

gical Institute

Microscope for Bacteriological Insti-

tute

Adjustment and Calibration Labora-

tory Instruments

Special Expenditure.

Replacement of launch for Health offi-

cer of Port

31,000

Harbour Dispensary launch

50,000

Dental Surgery Equipment

4,000

Special Apparatus for Ultra-Violet ray

and Electrical Therapy

9,920

Special X-Ray Apparatus

15,260

Total ....

...$ 110,180

Personal Emoluments

Other Charges

Special Expenditure

Total

Deduct Decrease

Net Increase

Estimates 1930

Estimates 1929

Increase 1930.

Total

Increase.

Decrease.

$ 150,069 38,072 110,180

47.610

4,800

6,650

.$ 298,321

59,060

$ 239,261

$1.209,611 970,350

$ 239,261.

5,000

600

500

550

6,650

(a) 1 Secretary

$ 9,600

1 Asst. Malaviologist

3,200

1 Dental Surgeon

7,200

lowances

(h) For 4 New posts (i) 1 Radiographer

560

$ 930

1 Dental Mechanic ...

720

1 Nursing Sister

2,100

1 Medical Officer for Schools

6,000

3,030

1 House Obstetrician

1,200

(j) 2 Medical Officers of Health

$18,124

1 House Physician ́....

1,200

9 Nursing Sisters

25,179

1 House Surgeon

1,200

1 Staff Nurse

116

1 Senior Health Officer...

12,300

1 Staff Dresser

780

2 Health Officers

38,700

1 Linen Maid

125

1 Asst. Steward

3,840,

44,384

1 X-Ray Sister

3,000

1 School Nurse...

1,200

3 Charge Nurses

3,169

() 2 Boys, 5 Coolies, 5 Amahs, 1 Wardboy

and 1 Laboratory Attendant

(7) 1 Amah absorbed in Good Conduct Alow-

149

2 Charge Dressers

1,620

ance

11.

1 Messenger

132

(m) 1 Staff Dresser

1 Boy for House Surgeons Quar-

ters

192

() Increase in number of Posts eligible (6) More reference books required

3,120

100

1 Coolie

132

(p) More patients and installation of Electric

1 Storeman

240

Refrigerators

3,500

2 Chinese Med. Officers

9,120

(4). More cost for upkeep of furniture

1,000

1 Asst. Analyst

2.125

() More advertisement for vacancies

200

(b) For 103 Persons

$106,090

34,119

(s) More new instruments and replacement

for old instruments

10,000

(e) 1 Malariologist

7,614

(t) More patients

12,000

(d) Chinese Health Officer

600

(u)

Do.

1,500

(e) 1 Asst. Attendant

(2)

Do.

1,500

1 Female Attendant Mental Hosp.

(?) Transferred from Special Expenditure as

120

a recurrent vote

5,000

(f) For 7 Clerks

870

(x) More Uniforms

(y).65 Posts qualified for Good Conduct Al-

(y) 1 New Post

120

Increase.

133

Head 26.-Sanitary Department.

Decrease.

Personal Emoluments.

(a) New posts

(b) Stipulated increments

...$

10,656 4,449

(g) Abolition of Posts

2,955

(h) Reduction on new appointments

978

780

(i) Rent Allowances

360

(d) Good Conduct Allowances

168

(j) Personal Allowances

...

(e) Rent Allowances

144

(f) Personal Allowances

Total

16,267

Total

. $

4,357

Other Charges.

Disinfectants

2,000

Upkeep of Dust & Water Carts

500

900

(s) Exhumation, Recurrent

7,500

300

Head Stones

500

1,320

Paint

300

250

14,000

240

192

100

17,352

Total....

10,800

(k) Bonuses to Disp. Lic. & Clerks for Vaccination of Children & Reg. of Births

(1) Coal for Office Quarters

(m) Conveyance & Motor Allowance (1) Operating Expenses of Disinfectors. (n) Motor Lorries, Vans & Cars Run-

ning Exp.

(0) Rent of Qtrs. for Insp. & San. Offi. (0) Rent of Qtrs. for Scav. Coolies (p) A.D. & S.H. Light

(q) Cattle Crematorium & R.D.

Total

Launch to replace S.D. 3.

2 Refuse Barges (Repl.)

8 Motor Lorries

Total

...

Special Expenditure.

30,600... Exhumation, Special 28,000

56,000

...$ 114,600

2 Refuse Barges (Replace.) 1.Towing Launch

6 Motor Lorries

Total

Personal Emoluments Other Charges ...

Special Expenditure

Total

Deduct Increase

Net Decrease

Estimates 1929 Estimates 1930

Decrease 1930

15,000

46,000

52,000

50,000

.$ 163,000

Increase.

Decrease.

16,267

4,357

17,352 114,600

10,800 163,000

$ 148,219

$ 178,157 148,219

29,938

$ 821,501 791,563

29,938

(a) 1 first class Inspector @ £320, 1 second class In- spector @ £220, 1 Overseer @ $1,200, 2 Fore- men Gr. 6 @ $168 each, 5 Motor Drivers $480 each, and 2 Bath House Attendants @ $120 each.

(b) Stipulated increments for all Officers due.

(d) Stipulated Good Conduct Allowance for Messen- gers, Foremen, Sextons, Bath House Atten- dants and Coolies.

(e) Coolies occupied no Govt. Qtrs.

(f) 2 Foremen Gr. 5.

(g) 1 Foreman Gr. 1 converted to Overseer and 15

posts of Sextons reduced.

(h) 1 Senior Inspector, Garage Coolies, Foreman Tally-

man and 1 Driver new appointments.

(*) 15 Posts of Sextons reduced.

(7) Absorbed in Good Conduct Allowance. (k) More vaccinations done in Dispensaries.

(7) Increased cost of coal.

(m) Motor Allowances to 2 Inspectors on Special Sur- vey of water closets, Conveyance Allowance to 1 Inspector in charge of Government Lime- washing, and Conveyance Allowance for 2 additional Inspectors.

(n) Additional refuse lorries.

(0) Increased rental of quarters.

(p) Light for additional coolies quarters in Slaughter

House.

() Increased cost of stores. (8) Less exhumations,

Increase.

134

Head 27.-Botanical and Forestry Department.

Personal Emoluments.

(a) Stipulated increments

(b) New posts

(e) Overtime Allowance

Total

() Maintenance of Gardens (1) Transport

(m) Uniform & Accoutrements

(n) Upkeep of Car

Total

() One Motor Car

Total

Decrease.

1,075

(f) Abolition of post

3,760

(g) Personal Allowances

1,100 49

243

(h) New appointments

(i) Rent Allowances

200

(j) Good Conduct Allowances

5,350

Total

•

135

1,383

Other Charges.

100

(0) Conveyance Allowances

100.

(p) Field Allowances

(q) Hire of Motor Cars

1,200

500

775

Total

..$

...

1,280

Special Expenditure.

3,150

Personal Emoluments

Other Charges

Special Expenditure

Total

Deduct Decrease

Net Increase

Estimates 1930 Estimates 1929

Increase 1930

•

Increase. 5,350

Decrease.

1,383

775

...

1,280

3,150

9,275

2,663

..$

6,612

:$ 107,496

100,884

6,612

(a) Increments to Supt., Asst. Supt., 1 Supr., Asst. Supr., Hd. Gdner., Asst. Hd. Gdner., 1 Fore- man Gdner., 2 Apprentice Gdners., Hd. Fores- ter (1 previous increment deferred), 2nd and 3rd Foresters, 2 Foreman Foresters and 12 Forest Guards.

(b) 1 Supr. from June 1st, 1 Motor Driver, 1 Gdner.,

and 1 Inspector of Forests.

(d) 1 new post and 1 new appointment without quar-

ters.

(e) More overtime.

(f) Post of Asst. Supr. to be abolished, holder to be

promoted Supr., with effect from June 1st.

(g) 1 new appointment and 6 replaced by G. C. A. (h) 2 Apprentice Gdners. and 2 Forestry Foremen.

(4) 1 new appointment with married quarters. (i) 2 new appointments.

(k) Upkeep of grounds of Hon. Colonial Secretary's

residence.

() Hire of motor cars in case of emergency. (m) Uniform for Motor Driver.

(n) Necessitated by provision of motor car.

(0) Allowances to Asst. Supt. and 1 Supr. less by $120 each, and allowance to be given to 1 Supr. from June 1st.

(p) Less allowance required, men outstationed less frequently on account of provision of motor transport.

(g) Unnecessary on account of provision of motor car. (r) One motor car to be provided.

Increase.

Head 28.-Education Department.

Personal Emoluments.

(a) New Posts

Stipulated Increments

(b) Revision of Salary

•

Total ...

30,424 (d) Abolition of Posts 29,494

Reduction on New Appointments

150

(e) Rent Allowances

(f) Personal Allowance

60,139

Lecturing Staff, Technical Insti-

tute

Total

Decrease.

9,127

1,959

848

11,966

Increase.

135-

EDUCATION DEPARTMENT,-Continued.

Decrease.

Other Charges.

(g) University Examination Fees

1,697

College Calendars

(h) Renewals

& Replacements of

(k) Incidentals

1,884

Equipment

650

Students in Training, Fees.

790

(i) Uniforms

3,184

(1) Grants in Aid of Rent, Wah Yan

Students in Training, Maintenance Equipment of Technical Institute

960

College

5,196

Transport

500

Contribution to cost of Advisory

(1) Rent

1,188

Committee of Education in the Colonies (£210)

Subsidies to Schools in New Ter-

2,291

ritories

5,000

Subsidies to Elementary Vernacu-

lar Schools in Hong Kong

5,000

Total

...$

13,018

Total..

...$

15,407

(m) Building Grants (n) Weighing Machines

Net Increase-$2,389

Special Expenditure.

50,000 900

Total

Personal Emoluments Other Charges

Special Expenditure

Total

Deduct Decrease

Net Increase

Estimates 1930 Estimates 1929

Net Increase

(0) Equipment of King's College (p) Compilation of Chinese Readers (q) Equipment of Schools

...$

2,500

1,400

1,920

() Furniture for Queen's College Hall

1,000

50,900

Total

6,820

Net Increase $44,080

Increase.

.$ 60,139

13,018 50,900

..$ 124,057

34,193

.$ 89,864

$1,349,691 1,259,827

...

...$

89,864

Decrease.

11,966

15,407

6,820

34,193

(a) 1 New Inspector of Vernacular Schools-transferred from the Temporary Establishment. vide (d).

4 New British Probationer Masters.

1 New British Mistress-Physical Instructor.

1 New British Part-time Mistress ($2,400-$3,600) vide Italicized Mistress (£300-£400) vide (d).

1 New University Trained Teacher.

1 New Chinese Mistress transferred from Verna-

cular Staff (vide (d)).

1 New Coolie to Cheung Chau School.

(b) Revised Rate for Music Teacher at Central British

School.

G.C.A. resigned.

(d) 1 Inspector of Vernacular Schools on Temporary Establishment promoted to Permanent Es- Establishment-vide (a).`

1 Portuguese Teacher, 1 Italicized British Mistress

(£300-£400) vide (a).

1 Vernacular Mistress transferred to Anglo-Chinese

Staff vide (a).

(e) 3 Coolies draw $24 p.a. instead of $48 p.a. and 1 new Coolie appointed to Cheung Chau School with a rent allowance of $48 p.a.

(f) Lapsed.

(g) Increased number of Entrants and payment for

Extra Subjects.

(h) Blackboards, Renovating Paint, Wall Maps, etc. (2) A new Subhead. This vote was included in In- cidentals for 1929-an actual increase of $800. (vide (m)).

(j) Extended premises-Wah Yan College. (k) An actual increase of $500. Uniforms being now

placed under a new Subhead (vide (j)).

(7) Cheung Chau School and Kowloon Junior School

are in Government Buildings.

(m) Required for New La Salle College, Kowloon and

St. Francis School

(n) Required in connection with the regular Medical

Examination of Scholars.

(o) Less equipment required. (p), (g) and (7) Completed.

Increase.

136

Head 29.-Public Works Department.

Personal Emoluments.

Decrease.

(a) New Posts

(b) Stipulated increments

(e) Language Allowance

(f) Sunday Allowances

66,556

(h) Abolition of Posts

36,502

29,802

(i) Reduction on new appointments

1,412

240

(j) Transferred to Heads

61,311

(d) Good Conduct Allowances

257

(k) Transferred to Permanent Est-

ablishment

74,507

•

1,450

(g) Transferred from Temporary Est-

ablishment

Total ...

104,675

.$ 203,040

Total

.$ 173,732

Other Charges.

Conveyance & Motor Allowances $

3,562

Electric Fans & Light

...$

5,000

(m) Lift Maintenance, Government

Buildings

Incidental Expenses

2,000

1,000

Surveying Instruments & Contingen-

(n) Maintenance of Furnitures

1,500

cies

1,500

(0) Transport & Travelling Expenses

2,000

Uniforms

3,000

Upkeep of Motor & Steam Rollers

3,000

Total

8,062

Total

14,500

Special Expenditure.

(u) One New Steam Roller

8,500

Harbour Surveying

2,000

(v) Motor Workshop Equipment

(gg) Morris Truck for New Territories

4,000

(additional)

5,200

(gg) 2 Safes

500

(u) Two Morris Minor Motor Cars

3,200

(gg) Additional receiving Gear

2,500

(x) One Motor Car (replacement)

3,500

(y) Two combined keyboard Trans-

mitter & Printers

(gg) Provision of high speed transmit-

ting gear

2,640

3,120

(gg) Duplication of Storage Battery

5,160

(z) One keyboard Perforator

1,020

(gg) One 5 K.W. Transmitter for ship

(aa) One high speed Morse Trans-

mitter

600

traffic (gg) One

14,400

K.W. Transmitter for close

(bb) High speed recording undulators

(inkers) with accessories

810

(cc) Wave Meter & Instruments

2,000

range (gg) Dehumidifying plant (gg) One Motor Car

5,000

...

10,000

3,000

(dd) Filament batteries with charging

equipment

2,000

(ce) Additional Dynamo

Dynamo Panel for Cape D'Aguilar W/T. Station

960

Total

30,910

Total

...

49,200

Personal Emoluments

Other Charges

Special Expenditure

Total

Deduct Decrease

Net Increase

Estimates 1930 Estimates 1929

...

Increase.

$ 203,040 8,062 30,910

$ 242,012 237,432

...$ 4,580

...$1,654,477 1,649,897

Decrease.

$ 173,732

14,500 49,200

$ 237,432

Increase 1930

...$

4,580

(a) New Posts :-Accounts and Stores-1 2nd Class Overseer at $3,170; Correspondence-10ffice Attendant at $168; Crown Lands-1 Land Bailiff at $3,480, 1 Survey Coolie at $132; Drainage-1 2nd Class Surveyor at $1,670; Electrical-1 Lift Operator at $244, 6 Switch Board Attendants = $1,965, 1 2nd Class Fitter at $615, 1 Chinese Announcer at $629, 1 Carpenter at $445, 3 Radio Fitters = $1,351, 6 Apprentice Radio Fitters $876, 1 Radio Mate at $292, 3 Coolies $548, 1 Gardener at $180; General Works-1 4th Class Draftsman at $539, 1 Office Attendant at $168; Port Development-1 2nd Class Foreman at $600, 2 Pier Foremen at $750 each; Public Health and Buildings Ordinance—1 Chief Draughtsman at $4,800; Roads Office-1

137

PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT,-Continued.

Engineer at $5,760, 2 2nd Class Overseers at $2,787, 1 Workshop Mechanic at $3,120, 1 Apprentice Sur- veyor at $800; Surveys Office-2 3rd Class Assistant Surveyors = $5,070, 6 Student Surveyors = $2,880, 4 Survey Coolies at $132 each; Resumption and Valuation-1 Engineer at $4,830, 1 1st Class Assistant Land Surveyor at $3,300, 1 3rd Class Assistant Land Surveyor at $1,505; Water Works-2 Engineers $4,830, 1 3rd Class Assistant Land Surveyor at $1,500.

(6) A.D.P.Ws. $300; Accounts and Stores-$1,191; Architectural-$3,536; Correspondence-$399; Crown Lands- $1,878; Drainage-$1,026; Electrical-$5,223; General Works-$2,537; Port Development-$1,538; Public Health and Buildings Ordinance-$1,505; Roads-$2,104; Surveys $3,921; Resumption and Valuation— $795; Water Works-$3.349.

(d) Accounts Office-7 qualified, 2 not required; Architectural—10 qualified, 1 not required; Correspondence 6 qualified; Crown Lands-10 qualified; Drainage-1 qualified; Electrical--5 qualified, 1 not required; General Works-11 qualified; Port Development-5 qualified; Public Health and Buildings Ordinance-2 qualified; Roads-1 qualified; Surveys-60 qualified, Valuation and Resumptions-2 qualified; Water Works-6 quali- fied, 1 not required.

(e) One New Post, Crown Lands Office.

(f) $1,000 for Wireless European Subordinate Officers; an increase of $250 for General Works Office and an in-

crease of $200 for the Surveys Office.

~~(g) Posts transferred from temporary establishment.

(h) 1 A.D.P.W. at £1,206--Correspondence-1. Messenger at $187; Drainage-1 Engineer at $6,479, 1 Apprentice Surveyor at $1,096; Electrical-1 Engine Man at $420; General Works-1 Messenger at $132; Port Develop- ment-1 2nd Class Foreman at $900; Roads-1 4th Class Draughtsman at $600, 2 Pier Foremen at $750 each, 2 Time Keepers $1,400, 5 Motor Car Drivers = $3,177; Surveys-3 Apprentice Surveyors = $2,772 ; Valuation and Resumption-1 2nd Class Assistant Land Surveyor at $3,000, 1 Apprentice Surveyor at $1,000.

(i) Salaries decreases on new appointments :-Architectural-1 Watchman; Accounts-1 Watchman; Crown Lands- 1 4th Class Draughtsman; Electrical-1 Telephone Supervisor, 1 Office Attendant, 1 Lift Operator, 1 5th Class Telegraphist; General Works-1 Apprentice Surveyor; Roads-1 3rd Class Draughtsman.

(7) Posts transferred to Post Office :-Electrical Office-1. Telegraph sub-engineer, 1 Senior Wireless Operator, 2 Traffic Supervisors, 10 Junior Wireless Operators, 6 Apprentice Wireless Operators, 1 2nd Class Telegraphist, 1 3rd Class Telegraphist, 2 4th Class Telegraphists, 20 5th Class Telegraphists, 4 Telegraph Apprentices and 9 Messengers.

(4) Posts transferred Permanent Establishments.

(m) Increase anticipated owing to additional lift.

(n) For minor repairs at Police Stations.

(6) Amount for 1929 was under estimated, average expenditure for the last three years was $12,075.46.

(u) Required to meet the increased development of the Kowloon district.

(e) Additional machinery is urgently required at the Mechanical Workshop to deal with the increasing amount of

repair work to lorries.

(w) To replace Austin" cars which are almost beyond repairs.

(x) To replace "Dodge" car

Do.

(y) The whole of this apparatus is essential to meet the requirements of our own traffic and to ascertain the speed

of sending and receiving at the rate not inferior to corresponding stations.

(z)

(aa)

(bb)

Do.

(cc) Under article 3 of 1927 W/T convention, authorities are called upon to take measure to check the wave lengths of all transmitters used or licensed by them. No such apparatus exists in the Colony and provision of suitable instruments is essential.

(dd) This apparatus is essential to supply the increasing number of W/T receivers now used.

(ec) This is essential, the existing plant has two dynamos controlled alternatively by one panel thus only one machine can be used at a time. With the increasing work it is desirable to have facilities to use both dynamos at

once.

(gg) Non recurrent.

Increase.

138

Head 30.-Public Works Recurrent.

HONG KONG

Buildings

Communications

12,000

1,000

Lighting

14,000

Waterworks

12,000

Total, Hong Kong

39,000

Miscellaneous

Total...

Decrease.

3,000,

3,000

KOWLOON

Buildings

5,000

Miscellaneous

9,900

Communications

5,500

Drainage

5,000

Lighting

8,000

Waterworks

15,000

Total, Kowloon

38,500

Total ...

9,900

NEW KOWLOON

Communications

5,000

Drainage

2,000

Lighting

4,000

Miscellaneous

3,000

Total, New Kowloon

14,000

NEW TERRITORIES

Buildings

19,000

Communications

Drainage

500 500

Total, New Territories

$ 20,000

Hong Kong

Kowloon

New Kowloon

New Territories

Total

Deduct Decrease

Net Increase

Estimates 1930 Estimates 1929

Increase 1930

Increase

Net Increase

...

Increase.

Decrease.

39,000

3,000

38,500

9,900

14,000

20,000

12,900

...

.$ 111,500

12,900

. $

98,600

...$ 1,787,650 1,689,050

98,600

Head 31.-Public Works Extraordinary.

$421,145

For details see Memorandum issued by the Hon. Director of Public Works.

Decrease.

Increase.

139

Head 32.-Kowloon-Canton Railway.

Decrease.

Personal Emoluments.

(a) New Posts

824

Stipulated Increments

2,468

Reduction on new appointment ...$ (g) Reduction of salary

1,350

504

(b) Revised salary

893

Good Conduct Allowance

1,100

(h) Personal Allowance

(d) Good Conduct Allowances

333

(i) Acting Pay

1,100

(e) Rent Allowance

Overtime Allowances

-1,000

Total

6,678

Total

2,983

Other Charges. .

(1) 6 Coal

5,400

3 Ballast

1,750

16 Medical & Sanitation

9 Formation & Line Protection

1,300

(1) 21 Power, Electric Fans & Light...

600

27 Stations & Quarters...

6,460

(m) 23 Rails & Fastenings

500

30 Tools & Plant

250

(n) 25 Signals & Switches

1,200

(o) 26 Sleepers

12,000

Total

.$ 19,750

Total

9,760

Special Expenditure.

Sub-head No. 35

31,000 41 New Painting Shop

5,850

4,900

42 Water Crane, Loco. Water Supply,

900

Taipo

1,000

330,000

Crane-pin turning Machine

5,000

34,800

C. I. Pipes, Loco. Water Supply,

2,200

Workshops

900

40,000

Motor Trolley, Pump and Material

Trollies

7,050

New Siding, Fanling

9,800

Permanent Shop at Yaumati

Station

1,200

Replacing aerial line from the

Sub-Station to ‘A' and 'B' Blocks, Officers' Quarters

3,950

Total

.$ 443,800

Total

34.250

Personal Emoluments

Other Charges

Special Expenditure

►

Total

Deduct Decrease

Net Increase

Estimates 1930 Estimates 1929

Increase 1930

•

Increase.

...$

6,678

2.983

19,750

9,760

443,800

34,250

$ 470,228 46,993

46,993

$ 423,235

.$ 1,234,879 811.644

$ 423,235

(a) 1 assistant teacher and 4 Chippers. (b) 1 Telephone Operator, 1 Station Master, 10 Loco- motive Cleaners, 4 Fitter Improvers, 1 Machinist, 1 Copper-Smith and 1 Carpenter. (c) To Officer acting during absence on leave of Traffic

Manager and Storekeeper.

(d) 99 qualified for Good Conduct Allowance.

(e) One Booking Clerk qualified.

(f) Owing to through running to Canton.

(g) Salary of one Traffic Inspector reduced.

(h) Absorbed in Good Conduct Allowance.

(i) To Officer acting during absence on leave of Chief

Mechanical Engineer not required.

(j) Higher prices.

(1) More repairs anticipated.

(m) Increased renewals.

(n) Renewals necessary.

(0) Heavy sleeper renewals.

Increase.

140

Head 33.-(A)—H. K. V. D. Corps.

Personal Emoluments.

Decrease.

(a) Acting Pay

(d) Good Conduct Allowance

Total

3,825 144

(b) Acting Pay

1,280

3,980

Total

1,280

Other Charges.

(f) Equipt. for Eng. Coy. & Signals $

250

(e) Fuel and Light

(g) Grant to M.I. Coy

1,000

(h) Rifle Ranges Expenses

300

(i) Uniforms, including boots

3,000

Total

4,250

Total

370

Special Expenditure

(i) Saddlery for M.I. Coy

400

(1) 2 Motor Cycles

with Carriage

(j) 6 wheeled Motor

6,000

suitable for M. G. Mountings

2,200

(j) Armoured Car

15,000

(7) 4 Vickers Guns

8,300

(k) Turfing Parade Ground

425

(1) 2 Sets Pack Saddlery for Machine

(k) Improvements to Camp

2,100

Guns

550

(1) Armoured Car

15,000

Total

..$

23,925

Total ...

26,050

Personal Emoluments

Other Charges

Special Expenditure

Total

Deduct Decrease

Net Increase

Estimates 1930 Estimates 1929

Increase 1930

(a) Leave pay to Adjutant.

(b) While on leave in 1929 only.

(d) One more qualified.

(1) Purchase of extra Signal Equipt.

Increase.

Decrease.

3,980

1,280

4,250

370

23,925

26,050

32,155

27,700

.$ 4,455

$ 107,813 103,358

..$ 4,455

(g) Increased membership. (2) Revised estimate.

(i) Increased membership.

(i) To complete equipment. (k) New Services.

(1) Purchased in 1929.

Head 33.-(B)-Hong Kong Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve.

Decrease.

Personal Emoluments.

New Posts

Other Allowances

Total

732 2,100

2,832

Other Charges.

Cruising Expenses

...$

6,000

Ammunition

4,000

Upkeep of Minesweepers

750-

Books and printing

200

Fuel and light

Incidental Expenses

Uniforms for Messengers

Uniforms for Volunteers Travelling and Transport

Total

6.600

150

號

17,801

Increase.

141

HONG KONG ROYAL NAVAL VOLUNTEER RESERVE,-Continued. Special Expenditure.

Fitting out of the Kau Sing Alterations to and the fitting out of the Reserve Head Quarters at the Royal Hong Kong Yacht Club, North Point, and forming a drill ground

2,300 |

960

Electric Lights and 2 fans for Head

Quarters

240

Office furniture and fittings

*200

Mess utensils for the Kau Sing

200

Pailasses and Bolsters

40 Blankets

3 pairs of binoculars

1 Telescope

Charts

Total

140

440

250

4,800

Personal Emoluments

2,832

Other Charges ...

Special Expenditure

17,801

4,800

Total

25,433

Head 33.-(C)-Military Contribution.

Increase.

Estimates 1929

Estimates 1930

Decrease 1930

Increase. .$ 3,988,388 3,865,560

$ 122,828

Decrease.

Increase.

Head 34.-Miscellaneous Services.

Decrease.

S.H.

S.II.

4. Crown Agents Commission 6. Geological Survey of the

Colony

(a) $

4,000

1. Bonuses for Interpreters &

Translators

6) $

500

(b)

9,500

9. British Engineering Standard

Assn. (£15)

Contribution of cost of 3

Armed Launches

(k)

25,000

(c)

10. Bureau of Hygiene & Tropi-

cal Diseases, London. (£300) (c) 11. Colonial Advisory Medical &

Sanitary Committee (£25) ... (c)

26. University of Hong Kong, School of Chinese Studies

6,000

142

28. Language Bonuses

(j)

2,500

32. Printing & Binding: Blue

Book

100

12. Imperial Bureau of Entomo-

logy, London (£50)

38. Purchase

and Upkeep of

(c)

typewriters and Calculating

13. Imperial Institute (£300) (c) 14. Institute of C. E.; Commit-

142

machines

3,000

42. Rent of Public Telephones (1)

3,500

tee of Deterioration of Struc- tures (£50)

(c)

Telegraph Services: Rent of Under-ground Telegraph

16. London School of Hygiene

Lines (£81)

(m)

846

(£100)

(c)

45. Telegrams sent & received

17. Royal Asiatic Society (£25) (c) 18. School of Oriental Studies

12-

by Government

(n)

2,000

(£30)

(c)

19. Seamen's Hospital Society

(£20)

(c)

20. Tropical Diseases Research

Fund (£50)

...

(c)

21. S.P.C.C., Hong Kong

(d)

3,000

22. Society for Comparative Leg-

islation, London, (£1 1s.) (c).

29. Language Study Allow-

ances

(f)

2,000

35. Government Gazette

(g)

700

36. Miscellaneous Papers

(h)

2,000

39. Rent Allowances, Senior

Officers

(A)

15,000

40. Rent Allowances, Sub-ordin-

ate Officers

(f)

8,000

41. Rent Allowances, Asiatic

Officers

(f)

14,000

44. Telegraph Services: Contri-

bution in connection with signalling Messages to Obser- vatory (£75)

46. Transport

of Government

Servants

20,000

47. High Cost of Living Allow-

ance

48. Broadcasting

Total

...

(i)

70,000 2,400.

...$ 151,098

Total

43,446

•

Increase

142

MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES,—Continued.

Less Decrease

Net Increase

Estimates 1930

Estimates 1929

Increase 1930

(a) Increased Charges.

(b) To complete survey.

(d) To aid in formation of new Society.

(ƒ) More officers qualified.

(g) Increased charges.

(h) Includes new edition of General Orders.

Increase.

..$ 151,098

43,446

$ 107,652

$1,354,395 1,246,743

.$ 107,652

Decrease.

43,446

() Increase in proportion to increase in salaries.

(7) Fewer officers expected to qualify.

(k) Service discontinued.

(7) Owing to introduction of new system in connection

with Automatic Exchange.

(m) One line discontinued.

(n) Fewer telegrams expected.

Increase.

Head 35.--Charitable Services.

S.H.

2. Allowances Unallocated

7. (c) Hong Kong Benevolent Society 17. Tsan Yuk Maternity Hospital

Total

Deduct Decrease

Net Increase

Estimates 1930 Estimates 1929

Increase 1930

(a) Allowances discontinued.

Increase.

S.H.

Decrease.

1,800 1 (a) Allowances Allocated

162

1,500

5,000

8,300

Total ...

162

Increase.

Decrease.

8,300 162

162

:..

་་

8,138

103,566

8,138.

Head 36.-Charge on Account of Public Debt.

1 (a) Interest at 31% on consolidated

Inscribed Stock Issue of 1893

and 1906 (£1,485,733) and

Crown Agents Charge and Sinking Fund

Total ...

(a) Lower Exchange.

Net Increase

Estimates 1930

Estimates 1929

Increase 1930

31,778

Increase.

31,778

..$1,364,076 1,332,298

31,778

Decrease.

Increase.

S.H.

1 (a) Civil Pensions

2 (b) Police Pensions

143

Head 37.-Pensions.

40,000

20.000

6,000

66,000

3 (c) Widows and Orphans Pensions....

Total ...

Net Increase

Estimates 1930

Estimates 1929

Increase 1930

Increase.

66,000

.$ 913,000

847,000

...$ 66,000

(a) and (b) More Pensions and Lower Exchange.

Increase.

RECAPITULATION.

Total Estimate for 1930

Total Estimate for 1929

Total Increase

Decrease.

$ 27,268,515 24,799,650

2,468,865

Decrease.

Personal Emoluments:-

Personal Emoluments :—

New Posts

Stipulated Increments

$ 502,944 193,493

Abolition of Posts

...$106,424

Revised Salaries

8,729

Reduction on New Appointments. Transferred to other Heads

192,022

63,578

Transferred from other Heads

175,679

Acting Pay

32,267

Personal and Charge Allowances. Good Conduct Allowances

850

Good Conduct Allowances

Acting Pay

Personal Allowances

1,520

...

4,780

279

4,015

Rent Allowances

...

528

Rent Allowances

2,244

...

....

Overtime Allowances

1,382

Language Allowances

8,506

Other Allowances

1,800

Overtime Allowances

7,320

Language Allowances

144

Other Allowances

10,457

Reduction of Salary.

504

Other Charges

301,850

Other Charges

136,543

Special Expenditure

1,526,880

Special Expenditure

407,350

Public Works Recurrent

111,500

Public Works Recurrent

12,900

Public Works Extraordinary

421,145

Miscellaneous Services...

151,098

Charitable Services

8,300

Military Contribution

Miscellaneous Services Charitable Services

122,828

43.446

162

Public Debt.

31,778

Pensions

66,000

Total Increase

Deduct Decrease

Net Increase

$3,565,055 1,096,190

.$ 2,468,865

Total Decrease

...$1,096,190

-145

No.

1929

HONG KONG.

REPORT OF ANALYSIS

OF 16 SOILS FROM HONG KONG.

The 16 samples which are the subject of this report were sent to

the Imperial Institute by His Excellency the Governor, Hong Kong,

with a covering letter dated 8th December, 1927.

The samples were sent for analysis in order that suggestions might

be made regarding suitable crops for cultivation on these soils.

The samples represented eight soils and eight sub-soils, the majority

being from uncultivated land. They were submitted to chemical and

mechanical analysis at the Imperial Institute with the results shown

in the following pages.

146

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF SOIL FROM HONG KONG.

Imperial Institute No. M.3283.

Date: 31st May, 1929.

Reference: A. Top-soil. So Kwun Wat; Cultivated; first-class padi crops recently grown

on area.

Description: Greyish sandy loam.

RESULTS OF EXAMINATION.

Preliminary mechanical analysis on the entire soil, which was air-dried before examination.

Size of particles in mm.

Per cent.

Stones and gravel

Over 2.0

"Fine earth"

Under 2.0

Mechanical analysis of "Fine earth"

8.25

91.75

Size of particles in mm.

Fractions dried at 105°C.

Fractions ignited.

per cent.

Coarse sand

2·0 to 0-2 ...

44.07

44.04

Fine sand...

0-2 to 0·02

26.05

25.75

Silt

0.02 to 0.002

12.70

11.90

Clay

0.002 and under

14.18

12.33

Moisture at 105°C.

1.16

Matter soluble in water

0.026

Loss by solution in HC1

0.25

Calcium carbonate

nil.

Loss on ignition

3.68

Total

* Not including moisture at 105°C. or CO., from carbonates.

98.44

99.14

(Containing sulphates equivalent to sulphuric anhydride (SO) 0.017 per cent.

Containing chlorides equivalent to chlorine (C1)...

Reaction of soil: Strongly acid pH value 4.73

0.003 per cent.

(Quinhydrone method).

......

147

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF SOIL FROM HONG KONG.

Imperial Institute No. M. 3283.

Date: 31st May, 1929.

Reference: A. Top-soil; So Kwun Wat; Cultivated; first class padi crops recently grown

on area.

Description: Greyish sandy loam.

RESULTS OF EXAMINATION.

Chemical analysis of "Fine earth" passing a 1 mm. sieve.

Soluble in hydrochloric acid

Available constituents i.e., portion soluble in 1% citric acid solution

Exchangeable

bases (Hissink method)

per cent.

per cent. lb. per acre.

per cent.

Lime Magnesia

CaO

0.08

0.037

1048

0.046

...MgO

0.02

0.022

623

0.009

Potash

K20

0.04

0.006

170

0.010

Soda

...Na2O

0.03

· 0.009

255

0.008

Ferric oxide

...Fe2O3

0.79

0.128

0.009

Alumina

..Al2O

4.37

0.058

Phosphoric acid

や

0.01

0.005

142

Silica

..SiO 2

Total

per cent.

lb. per acre.

Nitrogen

...N

0.071

2011

Organic carbon ...C

0.777

22011

Organic matter*

1.41

Carbon dioxide

CO2

*Obtained by multiplying the figure for organic carbon by

100

55.

The figures for lb. per acre of the various constituents in the above table are calculat- ed for a depth of 9 inches of soil, the apparent specific gravity of the soil being taken

into consideration.

Atomic ratio

Carbon, C Nitrogen, N

12.8

Composition of clay fraction (0.002 mm. and under, separated by sedimentation).

per cent.

Silica Alumina

Ferric oxide

...SiO 2 ...Al2O

43.90

34.41

Titanium dioxide

... Tió.

Fe 203

3.23

0.25

Manganous oxide

... Mno

0.01

Lime

...Cao

nil.

Magnesia

...MgO

0.39

Potash

∙K20

0.70

Soda

Loss on ignition Phosphoric acid

Naz

0.30

17.00

P2O:

0.19

Molecular ratio

Total

Silica. Alumina, Al2(

100.38

SiO 2

2.17.

148

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF SOIL FROM HONG KONG.

Imperial Institute No. M.3283.

Reference: A. Sub-soil. So Kwun Wat.

Description: Yellowish-grey sandy loam.

Date: 31st May, 1929.

RESULTS OF EXAMINATION.

Preliminary mechanical analysis on the entire soil, which was air-dried before examination.

Size of particles in mm.

Per cent.

Stones and gravel

Over 2.0

"Fine earth'

Under 2.0

Mechanical analysis of "Fine earth"

10.43

89.57

Size of particles in mm.

Fractions dried at 105°C.

Fractions

ignited.

per cent.

Coarse sand

2.0 to 0-2 ...

53.44

53.37

Fine sand...

0.2 to 0.02

26.35

26.19

Silt

0.02 to 0·002

10.08

9.30 ·

Clay

0-002 and under

10.35

8.85

Moisture at 105°C

Matter soluble in water †

Loss by solution in HC1

Calcium carbonate

Loss on ignition

Total

0.53

0.024

0.15

nil.

2.14

100.92

100.55

*Not including moisture at 105°C. or CO2 from carbonates.

(Containing sulphates equivalent to sulphuric anhydride (SO) 0.009 per cent.

Containing chlorides equivalent to chlorine (C1)...

Reaction of Soil: Acid ...... pH value 5.42

0.005 per cent.

(Quinhydrone method).

149

Sample A. Remarks and recommendations.

This soil is a sandy loam, grey in colour, the sub-soil being lighter in texture

and more sandy than the top-soil. The water-holding capacity of the soil is rather poor.

Soluble salts do not occur in sufficient quantity to be injurious to crop growth, but the

reaction of the scil is strongly acid.

The amounts of the essential plant food constituents are rather low, but will probably prove sufficient for satisfactory crop growth owing to the light character of the

soil and its consequent ease of penetration by roots.

The soil appears to be most likely to need lime to correct the acidity, but sub- sequently potash and phosphoric acid may also be required. The percentage of nitrogen

is rather low, but the ratio of carbon to nitrogen is about normal.

150

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF SOIL FROM HONG KONG.

Imperial Institute No. M.3283.

Date: 31st May, 1929.

Reference: B. Top-soil. Chuk Shan Lung, Ma Wat Wai, Fanling; Uncultivated; pine and

wild trees, bamboo, ferns and grass growing on area.

Description: Yellowish loam.

RESULTS OF EXAMINATION,

Preliminary mechanical analysis on the entire soil, which was air-dried before examination.

Size of particles in mm.

Stones and gravel

Over 2.0

"Fine earth”

Under 2.0

Mechanical analysis of "Fine earth"

Per cent.

14.05

85.95

Size of particles

in mm.

Fractions dried at 105°C.

Fractions

ignited.

per cent.

Coarse sand

2.0 to 0.2

24.24

per cent.

24.15

Fine sand ...

0-2 to 0.02

17.66

17.44

Silt

0-02 to 0·002

28.35

27.72

Clay

0.002 and under

26.15

23.33

Moisture at 105°C

Matter soluble in water ...

Loss by solution in HC1

Calcium carbonate

Loss on ignition

Total

1.67

0.028

0.59

nil.

6.15

98.69

101.08

*Not including moisture at 105°C. or CO, from carbonates.

(Containing sulphates equivalent to sulphuric anhydride (SO3) 0.011 per cent.

Containing chlorides equivalent to chlorine (C1)...

Reaction of soil: Very strongly acid

0.004 per cent.

pH value 4.32

(Quinhydrone method).

悉

151

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF SOIL FROM HONG KONG.

Imperial Institute No. M. 3283.

Date: 31st May, 1929. Reference B. Top-soil, Chuk Shan Lung, Ma Wat Wai, Fanling; Uncultivated; pine & wild

trees, bamboo, ferns and grass growing on area.

Description: Yellowish loam,

RESULTS OF EXAMINATION.

Chemical analysis of "Fine earth" passing a 1 mm. sieve.

Available constituents i.e., portion soluble in 1% citric acid solution

Soluble in hydrochloric

acid.

Exchangeable bases (Hissink method)

per cent.

lb. per acre.

per cent.

Lime Magnesia

...Cao

0.06

0.010

249

0.011

...MgO

0.09

0.016

398

0.008

Potash

...K20

0.18

-0.006

149

0.011

Soda

...Na,O

0.06

0.008

199

0.005

Ferric oxide

...Fe 20

4.48

0.244

0.031

Alumina

..Al,O

5.25

0.190

0.016

Phosphoric acid

P205

0.11

0.001

Silica

...SiO 2

Total

per cent.

lb. per acre.

Nitrogen

...N

0.126

Organic carbon ...C

1.33

3135 33093

Organic matter*

2.42

Carbon dioxide ...CO,

*Obtained by multiplying the figure for organic carbon by

100

The figures for lb. per acre of the various constituents in the above table are calculated for a depth of 9 inches of soil, the apparent specific gravity of the soil being taken into consideration.

Atomic ratio

Carbon, C Nitrogen, N

12.3

Composition of clay fraction (0.002 mm. and under, separated by sedimentation).

per cent.

Titanium dioxide

Silica Alumina

Ferric oxide

Manganous oxide

...SiO 2

A1203 ... Fe 203 ...Tio,

36.07

29.60

14.09

0.65

..MnO

nil

Lime

...Cao

0.22

...

Magnesia

...MgO

0.97

Potash

..K20

1.52

Soda

.Na2O

1.28

Loss on ignition

15.19

Phosphoric acid

...P205

0.18

Total

99.77

Silica,

SiO 2

Molecular ratio

=2.07.

Alumina, Al2O3

152

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF SOIL FROM HONG KONG.

Imperial Institute No. M.3283.

Reference: B. Sub-soil. Chuk Shan Lung.

Description: Yellowish loam.

Date: 31st May, 1929.

RESULTS OF EXAMINATION.

Preliminary mechanical analysis on the entire soil, which was air-dried before examination.

Size of particles in mm.

Per cent.

Stones and gravel

Over 2.0

"Fine earth"

Under 2.0

Mechanical analysis of "Fine earth

25.03

74.97.

Size of particles in mm.

Fractions dried at 105°C.

Fractions

ignited

per cent.

Coarse sand

2.0 to 0.2 ...

22.69

22.60

Fine sand...

0.2 to 0.02

16.04

15.84

Silt

0.02 to 0.002

30.05

30.12

Clay ...

0-002 and under

28.48

25.18.

Moisture at 105°C

•

Matter soluble in water ‡

Loss by solution in HC1

Calcium carbonate

Loss on ignition *

...

Total

1.23

0.018

...

0.29

nil.

5.15

98.80

100.43

*Not including moisture at 105°C. or CO, from carbonates.

(Containing sulphates equivalent to sulphuric anhydride (SO) 0.005 per cent.

Containing chlorides equivalent to chlorine (C1)...

Reaction of soil: Very strongly acid

0.004 per cent.

pH value 4.43

(Quinhydrone method).

153

Sample B.-Remarks and recommendations.

This soil is a yellowish loam, rather heavier in character than sample A. There

is very little variation in mechanical composition between the top soil and sub-soil, and

the water-holding capacity is poor. Soluble salts do not occur in amounts likely to prove

injurious to crops. The reaction of the soil is very strongly acid.

The amounts of the essential mineral plant food ingredients are low, especially in

the case of lime and phosphoric acid. The nitrogen may be sufficient and the ratio of

carbon to nitrogen is normal.

The chief requirements of this soil would appear to be the addition of lime to

correct the high acidity, whilst the addition of phosphoric acid and potash also may be

necessary later.

154

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF SOIL FROM HONG KONG.

Imperial Institute No. M.3283.

Date: 31st May, 1929.

Reference: C. Top-soil. Chun Lung; Uncultivated; pine and wild trees, ferns and grass

growing on area.

Description: Yellow clay loam.

RESULTS OF EXAMINATION.

Preliminary mechanical analysis on the entire soil, which was air-dried before examination.

Size of particles in mm.

Per cent.

Stones and gravel

Over 2.0

"Fine earth"

Under 2.0

Mechanical analysis of "Fine earth"

0.29

99.71

Size of particles in mm.

Fractions dried at 105°C

Fractions

ignited

per cent.

Coarse sand

2.0 to 0.2 ...

18.26

17.86

Fine sand...

0-2 to 0.02

11.12

10.80

Silt

0.02 to 0.002

19.35

16.72

Clay

0.002 and under

43.90

37.38

Moisture at.105°C

7.15

Matter soluble in water

0.016

Loss by solution in HC1

0.55

Calcium carbonate

nil.

Loss on ignition *

9.78

Total

100.35

100.26

* Not including moisture at 105°C. or CO, from carbonates.

(Containing sulphates equivalent to sulphuric anhydride (SO) 0.007 per cent.

Containing chlorides equivalent to chlorine (C1)......

0.005 per cent.

Reaction of soil: Strongly acid

......

pH value 4.67

(Quinhydrone method).

155

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF SOIL FROM HONG KONG.

Imperial Institute No. M. 3283.

Date: 31st May, 1929.

Reference: C. Top-soil, Chun Lung: Uncultivated; pine. & wild trees, ferns and grass

growing on area.

Description: Yellow clay loam.

RESULTS OF EXAMINATION.

Chemical analysis of "Fine earth" passing a 1 mm. sieve.

Soluble in hydrochloric acid

Available .constituents i.e., portion soluble in 1% citric acid solution

Exchangeable bases (Hissink method)

per cent.

per cent. lb. per acre.

per cent.

Lime Magnesia

...Cao

0.01

0.010

227

0.008

...

.MgO

0.04.

0.009

204

0.010

Potash

...K2O

0.06

0.003

0.006

Soda

...Na2O

0.27

0.010.

227

· 0.013

Ferric oxide

...Fe2O3

5.30

0.081

Alumina

...Al,O

9.53

0.213

2 3

0.011 0.035

Phosphoric acid

Silica

P2O ...SiO2

0.01

2 5

faint trace

Total

per cent.

lb. per acre.

Nitrogen

Organic carbon ...C

...N

0.110

1.50

2492 33988

Organic matter*

2.73

Carbon dioxide ...CO2

*Obtained by multiplying the figure for organic carbon by 10.

The figures for lb. per acre of the various constituents in the above table are calculated for a depth of 9 inches of soil, the apparent specific gravity of the soil being taken into consideration.

Atomic ratio

{ Carbon, C

= 15.9 Nitrogen, N

Composition of clay fraction (0.002 mm. and under, separated by sedimentation).

per cent.

Silica

Alumina

.SiO2 ..Al2O

34.53

32.88

Ferric oxide

Fe 203

13.09

Titanium dioxide.

...Tio

0.90

Manganous oxide

MnO

trace

Lime

...Cao

0.07

Magnesia

..MgO

· 0.36

Potash

Soda

.K2O ..Na 20

0.60

0.24

Loss on ignition Phosphoric acid

17.43

...P2O

0.13

Total

100.23

(Silica,

Molecular ratio

SiO 2 Alumina, Al2O3

= 1.78.

156

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF SOIL FROM HONG KONG.

Imperial Institute No. M.3283.

Date: 31st May, 1929.

Reference: C. Sub-soil. Chun Lung.

Description: Deep yellow clay loam.

RESULTS OF EXAMINATION.

Preliminary mechanical analysis on the entire soil, which was air-dried before examination

Size of particles in mm.

Per cent.

Stones and gravel

Over 2.0

"Fine earth"

Under 2.0

Mechanical analysis of "Fine earth"

1.17

98.83

Size of particles

in mm.

Fractions dried at 105°C.

Fractions ignited.

per cent.

Coarse sand

2.0 to 0.2

14.99

per cent

14.72

Fine sand ...

0-2 to 0·02

9.78

9.39

Silt

0-02 to 0.002

18.25

17.23

Clay

0.002 and under

49.70

43.40

Moisture at 105°C

7.33

Matter soluble in water...

0.014

Loss by solution in HC1

0.31

Calcium carbonate

nil.

Loss on ignition

8.81

Total

100.37

101.20

*Not including moisture at 105°C. or CO, from carbonates.

Containing sulphates equivalent to sulphuric anhydride (SO3) 0.004 per cent.

Containing chlorides equivalent to chlorine (C1)...

Reaction of soil: Strongly acid

0.004 per cent.

pH value 4.89

(Quinhydrone method).

}

157

Sample C-Remarks and recommendations.

This soil is a clay loam, the colour, especially that of the sub-soil, being a deep

yellow. It is the heaviest soil of the present series. The sub-soil is distinctly heavier than

the top-soil, but there is probably sufficient coarse and fine sand to allow of fair drainage.

The amounts of water-soluble salts are low. The reaction of the soil is strongly acid.

The amounts of the mineral plant food constituents are all very low. The percent-

age of nitrogen is probably sufficient, but the ratio of carbon to nitrogen is decidedly

higher than usual. There is an unusually high percentage of acid-soluble alumina. The

ratio of silica to alumina in the clay fraction of the soil is below 2; this indicates a

tendency for the soil to become lateritised and this is usually a sign of poor fertility.

The soil needs lime both to correct the acidity and also for crop growth, as well

as potash and phosphoric acid.

158

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF SOIL FROM HONG KONG.

Imperial Institute No. M.3283.

Date: 31st May, 1929.

Reference: D. Top-soil. Chung Uk Chun, Tin Shum, Castle Peak; Uncultivated; large

wild trees, bamboo, ferns and grass growing on area.

Description: Grey sandy loam.

RESULTS OF EXAMINATION.

Preliminary mechanical analysis on the entire soil, which was air-dried before examination.

Size of particles in mm.

Per cent.

Stones and gravel

Over 2.0

"Fine earth"

Under 2.0

Mechanical analysis of "Fine earth"

5.84

94.16

Size of particles in mm.

Fractions dried at 105°C.

Fractions ignited.

per cent.

Coarse sand

2.0 to 0-2 ...

43.64

43.48

Fine sand

Silt

Clay

0.2 to 0.02

32.27

32.16

0-02 to 0.002

10.65

10.30

0.002 and under

10.58

9.10

Moisture at 105°C

Matter soluble in water ....

Loss by solution in HC1

Calcium carbonate

Loss on ignition

Total

1.49

0.042

0.53

nil.

3.26

99.20

100.36

* Not including moisture at 105°C. or CO2 from carbonates.

(Containing sulphates equivalent to sulphuric anhydride (SO) 0.010 per cent.

Containing chlorides equivalent to chlorine (C1)...

0.006 per cent.

Reaction of soil: Strongly acid

pH value 4.97

(Quinhydrone method).

159

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF SOIL FROM HONG KONG.

Imperial Institute No. M. 3283.

Date: 31st May, 1929. Reference: D. Top-soil, Chung Uk Chun, Tin Shum, Castle Peak; Uncultivated; large wild

trees, bamboo, ferns and grass growing on area.

Description: Grey sandy loam.

RESULTS OF EXAMINATION.

Chemical analysis of "Fine earth" passing a 1 mm. sieve.

Soluble in hydrochloric

acid

Available constituents i.e., portion soluble in 1% citric acid solution

Exchangeable bases (Hissink method)

per cent.

per cent. lb. per acre.

per cent.

Lime Magnesia

...Cao

0.14

0.099

2804

0.132

..MgO

0.04

0.003

85.

0.016

Potash

K2O

0.09

0.008

227

0.011

Soda

Na2O

0.11

0.013

368

0.006

Ferric oxide

...Fe2O3

0,73

0.091

Alumina

.A1203

0.009

3.11

0.162

Phosphoric acid

P2O

0.12

0.046

1303

Silica

...SiO 2

Total

per cent.

lb. per acre.

Nitrogen

...N

0.112

3173

1.31

37110

2.38

Organic carbon ...C

Organic matter*

Carbon dioxide

CO2

100

*Obtained by multiplying the figure for organic carbon by 88.

The figures for Ib. per acre of the various constituents in the above table are calculated for a depth of 9 inches of soil, the apparent specific gravity of the soil being taken into

consideration.

Atomic ratio

| Carbon, C Nitrogen, N

13.6

Composition of clay fraction (0.002 mm. and under, separated by sedimentation).

per cent.

Silica

Alumina

Ferric oxide

...Sio ...Al2O.

43.92

32.11

Fe 203

5.95

Titanium dioxide

..Tio,

0.64

Manganous oxide

...MnO

0.13

Lime

...Cao

0.37

Magnesia

...Mgo

0.44

Potash

..K20

1.18

Soda

...Na,O

none

Loss on ignition ...

14.96

Phosphoric acid

...P205

0.70

Total

100.40

Silica,

Molecular ratio Alumina, Al,Ô, −2.32.

SiO 2

160

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF SOIL FROM HONG KONG.

Imperial Institute No. M.3283.

Reference: D. Sub-soil. Chung Uk Chun.

Description: Greyish sandy loam.

Date: 31st May, 1929.

RESULTS OF EXAMINATION.

Preliminary mechanical analysis on the entire soil, which was air-dried before examination.

Size of particles in mm.

Per cent.

Stones and gravel

Over 2.0

"Fine earth"

Under 2.0

Mechanical analysis of "Fine earth"

9.92

90.08

Size of particles

Fractions

in mm.

dried at 105°C.

Fractions ignited.

per cent.

Coarse sand

2.0 to 0-2 ...

37.25

37.21

Fine sand...

0·2 to 0.02

29.45

29.30

Silt

0-02 to 0-002

13.42

13.60

Clay

0.002 and under

17.98

15.58

Moisture at 105°C

Matter soluble in water ‡

...

Loss by solution in HC1

Calcium carbonate

Loss on ignition

Total

1.63

· 1.63

0.040

0.38

nil.

2.98

100.15

100.72

* Not including moisture at 105°C. or CO2 from carbonates.

(Containing sulphates equivalent to sulphuric anhydride (SO) 0.008 per cent.

Containing chlorides equivalent to chlorine (C1)...

0.003 per cent.

Reaction of soil: Acid

pH value 5.97

(Quinhydrone method).

161

Sample D. Remarks and recommendations.

This soil is a greyish sandy loam, somewhat resembling sample A in mechanical

composition, with the exception that in the present case the sub-soil is heavier than the

top-soil. The water-holding capacity of the soil is poor. Soluble salts do not occur in

harmful amounts. The reaction of the soil is acid, but distinctly less so than in the case

of samples A, B and C.

The amounts of all the essential plant food constituents appear to be satisfactory.

The chief requirement of the soil would appear to be small applications of lime to correct

acidity.

162

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF SOIL FROM HONG KONG.

Imperial Institute No. M.3283.

Date: 31st May, 1929.

Reference: E. Top-soil. Kuei Island; Cultivated; green vegetables in good condition

growing on area.

Description: Greyish sandy loam.

RESULTS OF EXAMINATION.

Preliminary mechaniçal analysis on the entire soil, which was air-dried before examination.

Size of particles

in mm.

Stones and gravel

Over 2·0

"Fine earth'

وو

Under 2.0

Mechanical analysis of "Fine earth"

Per cent.

12.27

87.73

Size of particles in mm.

Fractions dried at 105°C.

Fractions

ignited.

per cent.

Coarse sand

2·0 to 0·2..

25.09

24.45

Fine sand...

0-2 to 0.02

21.85

21.29

Silt

0-02 to 0·002

30.97

29.50

Clay

0.002 and under

18.13

15.33

Moisture at 105°C

3.80

Matter soluble in water

0.058

Loss by solution in HC1

0.62

Calcium carbonate

0.11

Loss on ignition

5.15

Total

100.63

100.31

* Not including moisture at 105°C. or CO, from carbonates.

(Containing sulphates equivalent to sulphuric anhydride (SO) 0.020 per cent.

[Containing chlorides equivalent to chlorine (C1)...

0.015 per cent.

Reaction of soil: Faintly alkaline ...... pH value 7.57

(Quinhydrone method).

163

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF SOIL FROM HONG KONG.

Imperial Institute No. M. 3283.

Date: 31st May, 1929.

Reference: E. Top-soil; Kuei Island; Cultivated; green vegetables in good condition:

growing on area.

Description: Greyish sandy loam.

RESULTS OF EXAMINATION.

Chemical analysis of "Fine earth' passing a 1 mm. sieve.

Soluble in hydrochloric acid

Available constituents i.e., portion soluble in 1% citric acid solution

Exchangeable bases (Hissink method)

per cent.

per cent. lb. per acre.

per cent.

Lime Magnesia

...Cao

0.34

0.257

6237

0.276

..MgO

0.10

0.090

2184

0.069

Potash

...KO

0.10

0.023

558

0.028

Soda

..Na2O

0.14

0.022

534

0.014

Ferric oxide

...Fe2O3

2.68

0.091

Alumina

A1203

6.94

0.289

0.003

Phosphoric acid P20,

0.27.

0.104

2524

Silica

...Sio,

Total

per cent.

lb.

per acre.

Nitrogen

...N

0.104

2524

Organic carbon ...C

1.12

27182

Organic matter*

2.04

Carbon dioxide ...CO2

0.05

*Obtained by multiplying the figure for organic carbon by

100

The figures for lb. per acre of the various constituents in the above table are calculated for a depth of 9 inches of soil, the apparent specific gravity of the soil being taken into consideration.

Carbon, C

Atomic ratio

}

Nitrogen, N

= 12.6

Composition of clay fraction (0.002 mm. and under, separated by sedimentation).

per cent.

Silica Alumina

...SiO 2

43.24

..Al2O

33.07

Ferric oxide

.Fe2O3

5.82

Titanium dioxide

TiO

0.24

Manganous oxide

...Mno

0.11

Lime

.CaO

nil.

Magnesia

.MgO

0.31

Potash

Soda

Loss. on ignition Phosphoric acid

.K2O

0.52

Na2O

0.26.

16.50

...

...P205

0.35

Total

100.42

Silica,

SiO 2

Molecular ratio

=2.22.

Alumina, Al2O3

164

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF SOIL FROM HONG KONG.

Imperial Institute No. M.3283.

Reference: E. Sub-soil. Kuei Island.

Description: Yellowish loam.

Date: 31st May, 1929.

RESULTS OF EXAMINATION.

Preliminary mechanical analysis on the entire soil, which was air-dried before examination.

Size of particles in mm.

Per cent.

Stones and gravel

"Fine earth'

Over 2.0

...

Under 2.0 ...

...

Mechanical analysis of "Fine earth"

5.02

94.98

Size of particles in mm.

Fractions dried at 105°C.

Fractions

ignited.

per cent.

Coarse sand

2·0 to 0.2 ...

15.45

15.13

Fine sand...

0.2 to 0.02

20.71

20.22

Silt

0-02 to 0-002

28.42

27.30

Clay

0.002 and under

29.08

25.43

Moisture at 105°C

4.68

Matter soluble in water.

0.059

Loss by solution in HC1

0.18

Calcium carbonate

nil.

Loss on ignition *

...

7.25

Total

98.58

100.25

* Not including moisture at 105°C. or CO2 from carbonates.

(Containing sulphates equivalent to sulphuric anhydride (SO) 0.023 per cent.

(Containing chlorides equivalent to chlorine (C1)....

Reaction of soil: Faintly acid ...... pH value 6.37

0.020 per cent.

(Quinhydrone method).

165

Sample E-Remarks and recommendations.

This soil is a greyish medium sandy loam, the sub-soil being distinctly heavier

than the top soil, but its water-holding capacity is fair. Soluble salts are present in larger

amounts than in the case of the other samples, but they are probably insufficient to

prove injurious to crop growth.

The reaction of the top-soil is faintly alkaline, while that of the sub-soil is slightly

acid. As this relation differs from that occurring in any of the other samples, it appears

probable that this soil has recently received applications of some form of lime.

The soil appears to be well supplied with all the necessary plant food elements

and from the results of the chemical and mechanical analyses may be regarded as of good

quality.

166

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF SOIL FROM HONG KONG.

Imperial Institute No. M.3283.

Date: 31st May, 1929.

Reference: F. Top-soil. Tai Long Wan, Lo Kong; Shek O; Cultivated; fair crop of padi

growing on area.

Description: Pinkish brown loam.

RESULTS OF EXAMINATION.

Preliminary mechanical analysis on the entire soil, which was air-dried before examination.

Size of particles in mm.

Per cent.

Stones and gravel

Over 2·0.

"Fine earth'

Under 2.0

Mechanical analysis of "Fine earth”.

18.88

81.12

Size of particles in mm.

Fractions dried at 105°C.

Fractions ignited.

per cent.

Coarse sand

2.0 to 0.2 ...

21.70

21.32

Fine sand ...

0-2 to 0.02

21.44

20.95

Silt

0-02 to 0-002

33.10

32.30

Clay

0.002 and under

19.55

17.35

Moisture at 105°C

Matter soluble in water ‡

Loss by solution in HC1

Calcium carbonate

Loss on ignition *

Total

3.50

0.044

0.33

nil.

4.20

99.66

99.99

*Not including moisture at 105°C. or CO2 from carbonates.

(Containing sulphates equivalent to sulphuric anhydride (SO) 0.007 per cent.

[Containing chlorides equivalent to chlorine (C1)...

0.010 per cent.

Reaction of soil: Acid

pH value 5.19. (Quinhydrone method).

167

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF SOIL FROM HONG KONG.

Imperial Institute No. M. 3283.

Date: 31st May, 1929.

Reference F. Top-soil; Tai Long Wan, Lo Kong; Shek O; Cultivated, fair crop of padi

growing on area.

Description: Pinkish-brown loam.

RESULTS OF EXAMINATION.

Chemical analysis of "Fine earth' passing a 1 mm. sieve.

Soluble in hydrochloric acid

Available constituents i.e., portion soluble in 1% citric acid solution

Exchangeable bases (Hissink method)

per cent.

per cent. lb. per acre.

per cent.

Lime Magnesia

...Cao

0.04

0.028

680

0.034

..MgO

0.14

0.036

874

0.029

Potash

K2O

0.13

0.008

194

0.008

Soda

Na2

0.06

0.022

534

0.022

Ferric oxide

...Fe2O3

4.03

0.085

Alumina

0.001

...Al2O2

7.75

0.092

Phosphoric acid

P20,

0.04

trace

Silica

..SiO2

Total

per cent.

lb. per acre.

Nitrogen

...N

0.060

Organic carbon ...C

0.657

1456 15945

Organic matter*

1.19

Carbon dioxide ...CO2

100

*Obtained by multiplying the figure for organic carbon by .

The figures for lb. per acre of the various constituents in the above table are calculated for a depth of 9 inches of soil, the apparent specific gravity of the soil being taken into consideration.

Atomic ratio

Carbon, C Nitrogen, Ni

12.8

Composition of clay fraction (0.002 mm. and under, separated by sedimentation).

per cent.

Silica Alumina

...SiO 2

38.58

...Al2O3

30.09

Ferric oxide

..Fe2O3

10.30

Titanium dioxide

..TiO

0.40

Manganous oxide

MnO

trace

Lime

.Cao

0.10

Magnesia

..MgO

0.49

Potash

K2O

1.36

Soda

..Na2O

0.44

Loss on ignition Phosphoric acid

17.85

... P20%

0.12

Total

99.73

Silica,

SiO 2

Molecular ratio

== 2.18.

Alumina, A1208

168

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF SOIL FROM HONG KONG.

Imperial Institute No. M.3283.

Date: 31st May, 1929.

Reference: F. Sub-soil. Tai Long Wan, Lo Kong, Shek O; Cultivated, fair crop of padi

growing on area.

Description: Pinkish-brown loam.

RESULTS OF EXAMINATION.

Preliminary mechanical analysis on the entire soil, which was air-dried before examination.

Size of particles in mm.

Per cent.

Stones and gravel

Over 2.0

"Fine earth'

Under 2.0

Mechanical analysis of "Fine earth'

6.87

93.13

Size of particles in mm.

Fractions dried at 105°C

Fractions

ignited.

per cent.

Coarse sand

2·0 to 0.2

17.50

per cent.

17.16

Fine sand...

0.2 to 0.02

24.67

24.05

Silt

0:02 to 0·002

31.80

30.87

Clay

0.002 and under

22.35

18.98

Moisture at 105°C

4.60

Matter soluble in water

0.033

Loss by solution in HC1

0.19

Calcium carbonate

nil.

Loss on ignition

4.30

Total

101.14

100.18

* Not including moisture at 105°C. or CO, from carbonates.

(Containing sulphates equivalent to sulphuric anhydride (SO) 0.008 per cent.

Containing chlorides equivalent to chlorine (C1)...

0.011 per cent.

Reaction of soil: Acid

pH value 5.94

(Quinhydrone method).

169

Sample F-Remarks and recommendations.

This sample is a medium loam of an unusual pinkish-brown colour. There is very

little variation in mechanical composition between the top-soil and the sub-soil. The

water-holding capacity of the soil is fair. The amounts of water-soluble salts are not

excessive, but it is noteworthy that the percentage of chlorides slightly exceeds that of

sulphates. The reaction of the soil is acid.

Of the essential plant food elements, the amount of lime is rather low, potash is present in fair supply, phosphoric acid is extremely low in amount and the percentage

of nitrogen rather poor. The ratio of carbon to nitrogen is normal. A large amount of "acid-soluble" alumina is present.

The chief requirement of this soil is phosphoric acid, following lime to correct the

acidity and to prevent the reversion of the phosphate if the latter is applied in the soluble form such as superphosphate.

170

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF SOIL FROM HONG KONG.

Imperial Institute No. M.3283.

Date: 31st May, 1929.

Reference: G. Top-soil; Shek Kwu Lung; Uncultivated; pine and wild trees, ferns and grass

growing on area.

Description: Yellowish-brown loam.

RESULTS OF EXAMINATION.

Preliminary mechanical analysis on the entire soil, which was air-dried before examination.

Size of particles in mm.

Stones and gravel

Over 2·0

"Fine earth"

Under 2.0

Mechanical analysis of "Fine earth'

Per cent.

7.80

92.20

Size of particles in mm.

Fractions dried at 105°C.

Fractions ignited.

per cent.

Coarse sand

2.0 to 0.2 ...

21.93

21.31

Fine sand ...

0-2 to 0.02

25.57

25.09

Silt

0.02 to 0.002

32.55

29.38

Clay

0.002 and under

14.08

11.65

Moisture at 105°C

Matter soluble in water...

Loss by solution in HC1

Calcium carbonate

Loss on ignition *

Total

...

3.52

0.023

0.64

nil.

9.09

98.31

100.70

* Not including moisture at 105°C. or CO, from carbonates.

(Containing sulphates equivalent to sulphuric anhydride (SO3) 0.012 per cent.

[Containing chlorides equivalent to chlorine (C1).......

0.003 per cent.

Reaction of soil: Very strongly acid

pH value 4.46

(Quinhydrone method).

171

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF SOIL FROM HONG KONG.

Imperial Institute No. M. 3283.

Date: 31st May, 1929.

Reference: G. Top-soil; Shek Kwu Lung; Uncultivated; pine and wild trees, ferns and

grass growing on area.

Description: Yellowish-brown loam.

RESULTS OF EXAMINATION.

Chemical analysis of "Fine earth" passing a 1 mm. sieve.

Soluble in hydrochloric acid

Available constituents i.e., portion soluble in 1.% citric acid solution

Exchangeable bases (Hissink method)

per cent.

per cent. lb. per acre.

per cent.

Lime Magnesia

...Cao

0.10

0.008

174

0.012

...MgO

0.36

0.015

326

0.019

Potash

...K2O

0.20

0.008

174

0.007

Soda

...Na,O

0.16

0:008

174

0.009

Ferric oxide

...Fe2O3

5.75

0.067

trace

Alumina

A1203

11.58

0.208

0.032

Phosphoric acid

P205

· 0.03

slight trace

Silica

...SiO2

Total

per cent..

lb. per acre.

Nitrogen

...N

0.183

Organic carbon ...C

1.79

3971 38843

Organic matter*

3.26

Carbon dioxide ...CO

*Obtained by multiplying the figure for organic carbon by

100

The figures for lb. per acre of the various constituents in the above table are calculated for a depth of 9 inches of soil, the apparent specific gravity of the soil being taken into consideration.

Atomic ratio

Carbon, C Nitrogen, N

11.4.

Composition of clay fraction (0.002 mm. and under, separated by sedimentation).

Silica Alumina

...SiO 2 ....ALO

per cent.

34.70 31.60

2 3

Ferric oxide

... Fe2O3

12.63

Titanium dioxide

...TiO2

0.87

Manganous oxide

...MnO

0.09

Lime

...Cao

0.12

Magnesia

...MgO

0.59

Potash

...K,0

0.96

Soda

...Na2O

0.12

Loss on ignition

17.89

Phosphoric acid

..P205

0.54

Total

100.11

Silica.

SiO 2

Molecular ratic

Alumina, Al2O3

-1.86.

172-

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF SOIL FROM HONG KONG.

Imperial Institute No. M.3283.

Date: 31st May, 1929.

Reference: G. Sub-soil. Shek Kwu Lung; Uncultivated; pine and wild trees, ferns and

grass growing on area.

Description: Brownish-yellow loam.

RESULTS OF EXAMINATION.

Preliminary mechanical analysis on the entire soil, which was air-dried before examination.

Size of particles

in mm.

Per cent.

Stones and gravel

Over 2.0

"Fine earth"

Under 2.0

Mechanical analysis of "Fine earth"

5.92

94.08

Size of particles in mm.

Fractions dried at 105°C.

Fractions

ignited

per cent.

Coarse sand

2.0 to 0.2

18.75

18.32

Fine sand ...

0-2 to 0-02

25.38

24.99

Silt

0.02 to 0-002

30.07

27.43

Clay

0.002 and under

21.48

17.75

Moisture at 105°C

Matter soluble in water ‡

Loss by solution in HC1

Calcium carbonate

Loss on ignition

Total

3.44

0.011

0.35

nil.

7.24

99.48

99.53

*Not including moisture at 105°C. or CO, from carbonates.

(Containing sulphates equivalent to sulphuric anhydride (50) 0.009 per cent.

Containing chlorides equivalent to chlorine (C1)...

0.002 per cent.

Reaction of soil: Acid ... pH value 5.06

(Quinhydrone method).

173

Sample G. Remarks and recommendations.

This soil is a yellowish-brown rather sandy loam, the sub-soil being markedly

heavier than the top-soil. The water-holding capacity of the soil is fair. Soluble salts are

low in amount. The reaction, especially of the top-soil, is strongly acid.

The amounts of all the mineral plant food elements present are low, especially

those of lime and phosphoric acid. There is a very large amount of acid-soluble alumina.

The percentage of nitrogen is satisfactory, but the ratio of carbon to nitrogen is rather

lower than usual.

The ratio of silica to alumina in the clay fraction of the soil is below 2, indicating

a tendency for the soil to become lateritised and hence of poor fertility.

The chief need of this soil is the application of lime, followed by phosphoric acid. The potash requirement, although marked, is not so urgent.

174-

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF SOIL FROM HONG KONG.

Imperial Institute No. M.3283.

Date: 31st May, 1929.

Reference: H. Top-soil; Tai Pak, Lantao; Uncultivated; pine and wild trees, ferns and

grass growing on area.

Description: Yellowish-grey sandy loam.

RESULTS OF EXAMINATION.

Preliminary mechanical analysis on the entire soil, which was air-dried before examination.

Size of particles in mm.

Stones and gravel

Over 2.0

"Fine earth"

Under 2.0

Mechanical analysis of "Fine earth"

Per cent.

10.08

89.92

Size of particles in mm.

Fractions dried at 105°C.

Fractions

ignited.

per cent.

Coarse sand

2.0 to 0.2 ...

46.85

per cent. 46.38

Fine sand...

0:2 to 0.02

18.96

18.49

Silt

0-02 to 0.002

9.80

7.65

Clay

0.002 and under

19.23

18.58

Moisture at 105°C

Matter soluble in water

Loss by solution in HC1

Calcium carbonate

Loss on ignition

Total

4.98

0.022

0.32

...

nil.

3.51

100.16

99.93

*Not including moisture at 105°C. or CO, from carbonates.

(Containing sulphates equivalent to sulphuric anhydride (SO3) 0.008 per cent.

Containing chlorides equivalent to chlorine (C1)...

0.003 per cent.

Reaction of soil: Very strongly acid...... pH value 4.45 ...... (Quinhydrone method).

{

175

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF SOIL FROM HONG KONG.

Imperial Institute No. M. 3283.

Date: 31st May, 1929.

Reference: H. Top-soil: Tai Pak; Lantao: Uncultivated; pine and wild trees, ferns and

grass growing on area.

Description Yellowish-grey sandy loam.

RESULTS OF EXAMINATION.

Chemical analysis of "Fine earth' passing a 1 mm. sieve.-

Available constituents i.e., portion soluble in 1%

...citric acid solution.

Soluble in hydrochloric

acid.......

Exchangeable bases (Hissink method)

per cent.

per cent. lb.

per acre.

per cent.

Lime Magnesia

...Cao

0.07

0.014

376

-0.018

...MgO

0.04

0.008

220

0.014

Potash

...K2O

0.09

0.005

138

0.010

Soda

...NaO

0.13

·0.010

276

0.014

Ferric oxide

...Fe2O3

1.19

0.047

trace

Alumina

Al,0.

7.32

0.122

0.028

Phosphoric acid P2O,

trace

Silica

..Sio

Total

per cent.

lb.

per acre.

Nitrogen

...N

0.062

0.712

1708 19618

1.29

Organic carbon ...C

Organic matter*

Carbon dioxide ...CO2

100

*Obtained by multiplying the figure for organic carbon by 1.

The figures for lb. per acre of the various constituents in the above table are calculated for a depth of 9 inches of soil, the apparent specific gravity of the soil being taken into consideration.

Atomic ratio

Carbon, C Nitrogen, N

13.5.

Composition of clay fraction (0.002 mm. and under, separated by sedimentation).

per cent.

Silica Alumina

Ferric oxide

...SiO2 ...Al2O

..Fe2O3

41.71

35.18

2 3

4.46

Titanium dioxide

.Tio

0.22

Manganous oxide

.MnO

trace

Lime

..Cao

0.13

Magnesia

...MgO

0.58

Potash

.K2O

0.78

...

Soda

Na2O

0.38

Loss on ignition Phosphoric acid

16:26

...P205

0.08

Total

99.78

Silica,

SiO 2

Molecular ratio

=2.02.

Alumina, Al2O3

176-

RESULTS OF THE EXAMINATION OF SOIL FROM HONG KONG.

Imperial Institute No. M.3283.

Date: 31st May, 1929.

Reference: H. Sub-soil. Tai Pak, Lantao; Uncultivated; pine and wild trees, ferns and

grass growing on area.

Description: Yellowish-grey sandy loam.

RESULTS OF EXAMINATION.

Preliminary mechanical analysis on the entire soil, which was air-dried before examination.

Size of particles

in mm.

Per cent.

Stones and gravel ... Over 2.0

"Fine earth'

Under 2.0

Mechanical analysis of "Fine earth"

11.25

88.75

Size of particles in mm.

Fractions dried at 105°C.

Fractions ignited.

per cent.

2.0 to 0.2 ...

41.74

41.54

0·2 to 0·02

...

17.51

17.11

0-02 to 0-002

10.45

10.50

0.002 and under

23.48

20.20

Coarse sand

Fine sand

Silt

Clay

Moisture at 105°C

Matter soluble in water ..

Loss by solution in HC1

...!

Calcium carbonate

Loss on ignition *

Total

...

6.24

0.015

0.27

nil.

3.81

99.71

99.69.

* Not including moisture at 105°C. or CO2 from carbonates.

(Containing sulphates equivalent to sulphuric anhydride (SO) 0.007 per cent.

Containing chlorides equivalent to chlorine (C1)....

Reaction of soil: Strongly acid

0.003 per cent.

pH value 4.64 .

(Quinhydrone method).

滌

177

Sample H. Remarks and recommendations.

This is a yellowish grey sandy loam, the sub-soil being very slightly heavier than

the top-soil. The water-holding capacity is fairly good. Soluble salts are low in amount.

The reaction of the soil is strongly acid.

The amounts of most of the mineral plant food constituents present are low,

especially phosphoric acid. Lime also is deficient in amount, whilst the potash may be

just sufficient for crop growth for the present. Although the percentage of nitrogen is also

rather low, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen is about normal.

The soil needs manuring with lime and phosphoric acid, whilst dressings of

potash and nitrogen would probably be advantageous.

178.

General remarks and recommendations.

It will be observed that the mechanical analyses of these soils have been carried out on those portions of the original soils which passed through a 2 mm. sieve, in accordance with the recently instituted International Method for Mechanical Analysis. The chemical analyses, on the other hand, were performed on the portions of the samples which passed through a 1 mm. sieve. This arose owing to much of the chemical work having been completed before the International Method for Mechanical Analysis was adopted here. It may be remarked, however, that there is not at present any official recommendation as to the size of the material which should be used for chemical analysis.

The percentages of material in the soils passing a 1 mm. sieve expressed in terms of the "fine earth' passing a 2 mm sieve are as follows:-

Sample

Material passing 1 mm. sieve, as percentage of that passing 2 mm. sieve.

ABODEFOI

90.75

94.29

97.88

92.95

93.44

95.57

95.22

91.15

It is probable that the material of diameter between 1 and 2 mm. (which would be very coarse sand) would be inert as regards plant nutrition, and hence the approximate chemical composition of the material passing a 2 mm. sieve may be calculated from the above figures, if it is desired to express the chemical and the mechanical analyses on the same basis. This would not affect the conclusions to be drawn from the results.

The soils, although not all of the same type, show no extreme variations in mechanical composition. They vary from clay loam to sandy loam and in no case is one or more of the separate fractions very low in amount.

With the exception of sample E, all the soils have an acid reaction and the acidity is higher in the top-soils than in the sub-soils; this is as would be expected, especially in the case of uncultivated soils. In the case of sample E, in which the top-soil is faintly alkaline while the sub-soil is slightly acid and the land has been used for the cultivation of vegetables, it seems most probable, as already mentioned, that the soil has recently been limed.

There appears to be a certain amount of correlation between the available bases i.e. those soluble in citric acid solution) and the exchangeable bases as determined by the Hissink method (leaching with ammonium chloride solution). As regards lime, the amounts found by these two methods are very similar, while the magnesia shows consider- able variation; the amounts of potash extracted are similar, the 'exchangeable' being very slightly higher on the whole, while the amounts of soda are fairly similar in most

cases.

The ratio of carbon to nitrogen in the soils is usually 12 or 13, except in samples C and G, which would be regarded from other considerations as likely to be the least fertile of the series. A carbon to nitrogen ratio of about 12 appears to be normal.

The composition of the clay fractions separated from the various top-soils shows considerable variation. The clays from samples A, D and E are fairly similar, those from samples B and F are similar, and those from samples C and G are also somewhat similar. The clay from sample H does not show any close resemblance to the others. The silica to alumina ratio falls below 2 only in the clays from samples C and G, indicating a tendency in those samples to lateritisation, which is often associated with low fertility. The high percentage of alumina which is soluble in hydrochloric acid in samples C and G is note- worthy.

ནཾ་

179

On the whole, samples A, D and E are somewhat similar in character and appear to be the most promising for cultivation, samples B and F are fair except for their low content of phosphoric acid, while samples C, G and H must be regarded as of poor quality.

All the soils except E have an acid reaction and for the satisfactory growth of most crops this condition needs correcting by the addition of lime or ground limestone. Groundnuts and other leguminous crops in particular need an abundant supply of lime and prefer a soil having a neutral or alkaline reaction. Fruit trees also usually thrive best on a non-acid soil. The acidity of the soils combined with the high annual rainfall renders them not very promising for cultivation on a large scale. It is stated that pine trees are growing on most of the uncultivated land from which samples were taken, and it may be remarked that these trees usually thrive well on acid soils.

For most ordinary crops, the chief need of these soils, except sample E, is for heavy applications of lime, followed in most cases by a phosphatic manure. Of the uncultivated soils, sample D appears to be the most promising, while samples B, C, G and H would probably need extensive manuring to be of much use for crops.

As regards specific crops for these soils, if the recommendations made in this report with regard to liming and manuring are carried out, they should be suited for the growth of most ordinary crops.. The cultivation of sugar cane cannot be recommended, as it requires very good supplies of all the important plant food constituents and hence makes heavy demands on the soil. Provided the soil is well supplied with lime, groundnuts should give a satisfactory crop, particularly on the lighter soils, but this crop is unsuited to an acid soil.

It seems probable that some at least of the failures of fruit trees mentioned in the Report of the Economic Resources Committee of Hong Kong, 1920, were due to the acid nature of the soils. When this is corrected and provided that the fruit trees, especially in their early stages, are protected from high winds, the prospects of obtaining satisfactory crops would be much improved.

The soils, after suitable treatment and with the possible exceptions of those repre- sented by samples C, G and H, which are of poor general fertility, should be suitable for the growing of vegetables such as cabbage, onion, cauliflower, lettuce, celery and tomatoes. The actual crops to be planted would of course have to be chosen with a view to their commercial value when grown, but it seems likely that there should be a good market in Hong Kong itself for local-grown market-garden produce.

It should be noted, however, that successful crop cultivation largely depends on local conditions, such as climate, altitude and aspect. There is evidently a very heavy rainfall between May and October, which may have an adverse influence on certain crops and must be taken into consideration.

May, 1929.

181

HONG KONG.

REPORT OF THE STAMP DUTIES COMMITTEE,

No. 1929

1. The appointment of this Committee was first suggested on the 14th March, 1929, but the Committee was not fully constituted until the 1st May. The appointment of the Committee was notified in the press on the 14th May, but through a mistake, the terms of reference had been stated too widely, and they had to be reconsidered. The new terms of reference were notified in the press on the 18th May. Immediately after this the chairman was called away from the Colony, and the first meeting of the Committee was not held until the 4th June. Thereafter, the Committee met weekly, more frequent meetings being found impracticable, partly because of the necessity of preparing material for the meetings. The Committee adjourned on the 9th July for the preparation and circulation of the report. The final meeting was held on the 30th July, 1929. These facts are mentioned because otherwise it might appear that undue delay had occurred.

2. The revised terms of reference were as follows:-

"To consider the amendment of the Stamp Ordinance with a view to prevent- ing evasion of the stamp duty on share transactions and of the estate duty on shares forming part of the estates of deceased persons".

The Committee took the first part of the reference to mean, "with a view to the protec- tion of the revenue derived from stamp duties on share transactions", because there is no legal obligation to execute a fresh transfer instrument on each transaction, and accordingly failure to do so cannot properly be called evasion.

3. The First Appendix to this report contains a note of the main proposals which were considered by the Committee. The Committee recommends the adoption of the first and second proposals in the First Appendix. Draft sections to carry out these two proposals are annexed to the Appendix as Annexes A and B.

4. The Hon. Mr. J. P. Braga signed the report under reservation. An explana- tory memorandum by him is contained in the Second Appendix to this report.

5. The Third Appendix to this report contains a minority report by Mr. J. Scott Harston, who, however, signed the main report.

6. The Committee hopes that the two proposals recommended, if adopted, will have an appreciable effect in preventing evasion of estate duty in respect of shares. The first proposal, which may be referred to as the dividends proposal, should tend to encourage the registration of transfers at the time of each declaration of a dividend, and the second proposal should make it easier for the Estate Duty Commissioner to ascertain whether shares standing in the name of a deceased are part of his estate or not. The second proposal also embodies a provision which is auxiliary to the first proposal, as it makes a deceased's estate liable for contraventions of the dividends section.

7. The Committee recognises that these two proposals fail in certain respects. The first proposal does nothing to encourage registration except at dividend time, and accordingly it will have little or no effect during the period between dividends, or in the case of companies which are not paying dividends. In the latter case, however, business will probably be small. The second proposal will assist the Estate Duty Commissioner considerably where the shares are registered in the name of the deceased, but it will not help the Commissioner to discover shares beneficially belonging to the deceased which are not registered in his name.

182

8. The Committee carefully examined the Hon. Mr. Shenton's proposal to charge ad valorem transfer duty on the sale contract note and to charge no duty on the transfer instrument. Various criticisms of this proposal are given in the appendix. It will of course be seen that the criticisms are not a single body of reasoned argument but are in- dependent criticisms. The chief reasons which led the Committee to reject this proposal are the two following. In the first place, the Committee is not satisfied that the pro- posal would be effective. The public will pay a light and convenient duty, but will often try to evade a heavy or inconvenient duty. The heavier duty on sale contract notes might lead to evasion of the provision that a share contract note must be made out on every sale. The duty would also be a somewhat less convenient one than the present duty on share contract notes, where the stamped forms can be obtained in bulk beforehand. If the proposal were not effective it is even conceivable that the revenue from transfer duty might fall. In the second place, if the proposed legislation were generally observed, there would undoubtedly be a large increase in the taxation levied on share transactions. That might tend materially to reduce the business in shares, and might drive away capital from the Colony. Brokers would be seriously affected, and it is even conceivable that the revenue might ultimately suffer.

9. The Committee would like to draw the attention of the Government to the sug- gestion contained in paragraph 16 of the Appendix, that the Collector should regularly keep a record of the amount received by way of transfer duty, in case the proposal to in- crease the scale of share contract note duty and to abolish share transfer duty is revived.

10. It was objected in some quarters to some of the proposals that if they were adopted the Government would be departing from a bargain entered into with the stock exchanges at the time of the passing of the Stamp Ordinance, 1921. The Committee can- not agree that the discussions which took place then can properly be represented as con- stituting a bargain which would tie the hands of the Government for all time.

Dated the tenth day of August, 1929.

(Signed)

J. H. KEMP, Chairman.

M. J. BREEN.

R. H. KOTEWALL.

A. C. HYNES.

J. P. BRAGA.

B. D. F. BEITH.

•

J. SCOTT HARSTON.

LI TSZ FONG.

P. TESTER.

E. M. RAYMOND.

183

FIRST APPENDIX.

VARIOUS PROPOSALS

for preventing evasion of the stamp duty on share transactions

and of the estate duty on shares.

Passing on of dividends prohibited.

1. Make it illegal to pass on dividends to subsequent unregistered purchasers. This proposal was originally made by the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 1921, and it is con- curred in by the Hong Kong Sharebrokers Association. It is objected to by the Share and Real Estate Brokers Society of Hong Kong. A draft section to carry out this proposal is annexed (Annexe A). The Committee recommends the enactment of this section.

2. It is hoped that the mere prohibition may be enough with some persons, and that with the others the possibility of prosecution and a heavy penalty will be a sufficient in- ducement to them to abandon a practice which in any case gives them unnecessary trou- ble, and which exposes them to pecuniary risk in the case of partly paid shares.

3. The draft section makes it clear that a trustee will still be entitled to pay to a cestui que trust dividends on shares which he holds for that cestui que trust, but it is pro- vided in sub-section (4) that the registered owner is not to be deemed to hold as trustee for any subsequent purchaser.

4. It is also provided that a person who bonâ fide lends money on shares may claim the dividend if the express written terms of the loan agreement entitle him to do so.

5. The maximum penalty is made $1000 or the total amount of the dividend in question, whichever limit be the greater.

6. One suggestion on the above proposal was that all claims for dividends against the former (registered) owner should be absolutely barred after a year, and that the registered (but no longer beneficial) owner should be empowered and required to repay the dividends (if collected) to the company, or to collect them and pay them into the Treasury. It is assumed that it was intended that the subsequent beneficial owner should be able to claim the dividends from the company, or Treasury, upon getting himself registered as the owner of the shares. The Committee does not recommend the adoption of this suggestion.

7. Another suggestion was that if the proposed draft section were adopted a special form of receipt for dividends passed on should be required by law. This receipt should be a declaration as to the particular ground on which the recipient is entitled to receive the dividend though not the registered owner. It was suggested that the recipient would hesitate to sign such a declaration if untrue. If he did sign an untrue declaration, pro- secution for evasion would be facilitated. The Committee does not recommend the adop- tion of this suggestion.

II.

Registration in name of deceased to be prima facie evidence of ownership at death for purpose of estate duty, and estate to be liable for contraventions of dividend section (Proposal I), the onus to be on the estate to prove compliance.

8. This was proposed by the Hon. Mr. Breen. A draft section to carry out the proposal is annexed (Annexe B). The Committee recommends its enactment.

184

III.

Ad valorem duty on contract notes and no duty on transfers.

9. Charge ad valorem transfer duty on the sale contract note and no duty on the transfer instrument. This was the Hon. Mr. Shenton's proposal. A copy of his memo- randum is annexed (Annexe C). The proposal appears to involve the following subsidiary proposals:-

(a) Provide that a sale contract note must be made out on every sale. This is

the law at present: see Ord. 8 of 1921, s.26.

(b) Provide that this sale contract must contain :---

(1) The number of shares (not, the numbers of the shares) and the name

of the company.

(2) The price.

(3) The name of the seller.

(c) Provide that the delivery of the shares to the buyer must be accompanied by a transfer instrument, executed by the seller and buyer, containing the same particulars of the shares as the sale contract note, and having on it a certificate by the Collector that transfer duty has been paid.

(d) Provide substantial penalties, against both brokers and principals, for non-

compliance, and for acquiescence in non-compliance.

Transfers by way of mortgage would be charged a nominal fee of $2. This fee would. also apply to transfers by trustee to cestui que trusts and by executors to beneficiaries, and also to gifts. "Transactions between authorised dealers of the stock exchanges" would be exempt from duty.

10. The advantages claimed for this system appear to be as follows:-

(a) All transfers of shares would pay ad valorem duty, except the special cases of loans, trusts, etc., and except "transactions between authorised dealers of the stock exchanges".

(b) "In almost all cases the shares would be transferred into the name of the buyer because it would cost the buyer nothing to do so and he would get all the rights of a shareholder", and this would reduce evasion of estate duty.

(d) "No new taxation is suggested" (But presumably more revenue would be

collected because evasion would be reduced).

(e) The investor who gets his shares registered in his own name, would no longer be at a disadvantage as against the speculator with regard to the payment of duty.

11. The following criticisms have been suggested :-

(a) The proposal would result in an enormous increase in taxation. The fol-

lowing examples have been given-

500 shares at $130

20 cents per $100

Present duty,

i.e., 2 contract notes....

$65,000 130

Increase

$110

185

If bought for forward delivery, and there were a set off

sale, the figures would be

Increase

$260

$220

If the transfer duty were made 10 cents per $100, the respective

increases would be $45 and $90.

(b) If the transfer duty were made 10 cents per $100 the revenue would lose.

The following example has been given

$10,000 worth of shares, 10 transfers @ 10 cents

At present, assuming that transfer duty is paid only once

in every ten transactions the duty paid is-

1 transfer @ 20 cents

20 contract notes @ $5

Total

$100 -

$20

$100

$120

$20

Consequent loss to revenue

If, however, the transfer duty were 20 cents per $100 there would be not

a loss but a gain to the revenue of $80.

(c) There would possibly be very little more registration of transfers than at present. It is true that registration would not involve the payment of any duty, but there would be no new inducement to register, and the usual influences against registration would still exist, e.g., trouble and lack of secrecy. The proposal would therefore be of little or no help towards pre- venting evasion of estate duty.

(d) If a heavy ad valorem duty were placed on contract notes some persons would probably be tempted to break the law and would not give or demand contract notes, especially where it was not intended that the shares should ever be taken up. People will pay a light and convenient duty, but will evade a heavy or inconvenient duty. At present every contract pays something, though perhaps in the case of contracts between brokers this is not always the case.

(e) It has been urged by some that secrecy of holding and dealing would be

impaired.

(f) New taxation would be imposed because at present transfer duty is pay- able only when a transfer instrument is executed, and there is no obliga- tion to execute a transfer instrument on every sale.

(g) This additional taxation would possibly drive capital out of the Colony.

(h) It would also tend to produce a less virile market, and a virile market is desirable so that capital may be moved between trade and share invest- ment according as trade requires capital or is slack. It is also desirable because loans on shares are a means of financing trade.

sum

(i) A reasonable revenue on share transactions is collected at present. For

example, on a contract of just over $10,000, which is probably a frequently dealt in, the ratio between the share contract note stamp duty and the share transfer stamp duty is as much as 50%, thus :-

Transfer duty on $10,050 at 20 cents per $100 Contract notes (2) duty.

The Committee does not recommend the adoption of this proposal.

$20 $10

186

IV.

Stamps on blank transfers to become invalid for registration purposes after a certain period except on payment of a penalty.

12. A tentative proposal of this nature drawn up by the Hon. Mr. Breen giving two alternative forms of the proposal, is annexed (Annexe D). Provision is made for a blank transfer at a nominal fee for hypothecation purposes in the case of approved financial institutions, which would have to be named in the blank transfer.

13. The following criticisms have been made on this proposal :-

(a) Shares would vary somewhat in value according to the dates of the stamps..

(b) The approval and disapproval of financial institutions would be a difficult.

and invidious task.

(c) Loans by friends would be hampered. Ex hypothesi, hypothecations: should not pay transfer duty, but the effect might be that hypothecations to friends would entail transfer duty.

(d) The practice under which an owner leaving the Colony deposits his shares in a bank here with a blank transfer attached, so that he can telegraph out for a loan or to sell the shares, would be interfered with. (But the owner could leave a power of attorney).

(e) Inconvenience would be caused in carrying over arrangements, if the

transfer stamp were just running out.

14. Apparently it was intended that the approved financial institution in such a case should always be able to treat the hypothecation transfer as a sale transfer by adding stamps up to the ad valorem transfer duty. This right would be necessary in order to give the financial institution power to realise its security, but if there were collusion between the financial institution and the owner of the shares the hypothecation transfer could in fact be treated as an ordinary blank sale transfer, but with immunity from the penalty duty. Perhaps, therefore, it would be necessary to provide, under sanction of a fine, that the financial institution (a) should not use the hypothecation transfer as a sale transfer except in bonâ fide realisation of its security, and (b) that the financial institution should cancel the hypothecation transfer on satisfaction of the particular loan for which it was made. Evasion would still be possible and would be difficult to discover and prove. We would have to rely largely on the financial institution. The Committee does not recom- mend the adoption of this proposal.

1928

Late registration fees.

15. Charge late registration fees. This is the proposal of the bill of October, A copy of the bill is annexed (Annexe E). The scale there is :-

After 1 month.

.50 per $100

3 months

1.00 2.50

وو

5.00

دو

Several of the objections to proposals III and IV apply to this proposal also. The Committee does not recommend its adoption.

187

VI.

Increased share contract duty, and abolition of transfer duty.

16. A tentative proposal of this nature, which was drawn up by Mr. Tester, is annexed (Annexe F.) The great objection to it is that the effect on the revenue is too doubtful as we have no information as to the amount collected at present by way of trans- fer duty. The Committee does not recommend the adoption of this proposal, but suggests that the Collector should regularly keep a record of the amount received by way of trans- fer duty in case this proposal is revived.

VII.

Treble duty on blank transfers.

17. Charge treble duty on blank transfers. An objection to this proposal is that it would involve a troublesome system of refunds as all transfers have to be stamped before execution by either party. The Committee does not recommend the adoption of this proposal.

Annexe A.

DRAFT SECTION

intended to prevent the passing on of dividends

to subsequent unregistered purchasers.

Passing

on of

dividends

prohibited.

(1) No person shall be entitled to claim, directly or indirectly, the pay- ment of any dividend, or of the amount or value of any dividend, on any share on a share register which is by law required to be kept within the Colony, unless (a) such person is the registered owner of the share in question at the time of such claim, or (b) such person was the registered owner of the share in question at some date subsequent to the declaration of the dividend in ques- tion, or (c) such person is entitled to be paid such dividend under a bona fide declaration of trust in favour of a specified person or firm, or otherwise as a bonâ fide cestui que trust, or (d) such person has bonâ fide lent money on the security of the share in question and is entitled by the express written terms of the loan agreement to claim such dividend.

(2) No person shall, orally or in writing demand or request, or accept; directly or indirectly, payment of any dividend, or of the amount or value of any dividend, which under the provisions of subsection (1) he is not entitled to claim.

(3) No person shall, directly or indirectly, pay any dividend, or the amount or value of any dividend, on any share on a share register which is by law required to be kept within the Colony, to any other person unless (a) such other person is the registered owner of the share in question, or (b) such other person was the registered owner of the share in question at some date subse- quent to the declaration of the dividend in question, or (c) such other person

188

is entitled to be paid such dividend under a bonâ fide declaration of trust in favour of a specified person or firm, or otherwise as a bonâ fide cestui que trust, or (d) such other person has bonâ fide lent money on the security of the share in question and is entitled by the express written terms of the loan agreement to claim such dividend.

(4) For the purposes of this section, notwithstanding any declaration of trust or agreement whatsoever, no unregistered beneficial owner of any share shall be deemed to be entitled as a cestui que trust to be paid any dividend on such share by any previous registered owner of such share.

(5) Every person who contravenes any of the provisions of this section shall upon summary conviction be liable to a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars or not exceeding the total amount of the dividend in question, which- ever limit be the greater.

Annexe B.

Presumption as to shares

standing in the name of the deceased.

Onus as regards proof of compliance with provisions

of Stamp Ordinance relating to the passing on of

dividends.

Appeal.

DRAFT SECTION

intended to make registration prima facie evidence of

beneficial ownership at death, and to render a deceased's

estate liable for contraventions of the dividends section.

-(1) If the registered owner of any share on a share register which is by law required to be kept within the Colony dies, such share shall for the pur- poses of the Estate Duty Ordinance, 1915, be deemed to be part of the estate of the deceased, unless the legal personal representative of the deceased proves to the satisfaction of the Commissioner that such share did not form part of the

estate of the deceased at his death.

(2) If in any case falling within the provisions of sub-section (1) the legal personal representative of the deceased proves to the satisfaction of the Commissioner, or of the Supreme Court on appeal as under section 17 of the Estate Duty Ordinance, 1915, that the share in question did not form part of the estate of the deceased at his death, the estate of the deceased shall be liable to the Commissioner for the payment of an amount equal to the estate duty which would have been payable in respect of such share if it had formed part of the deceased's estate, unless the legal personal representative of the deceased proves to the satisfaction of the Commissioner that the deceased did not con- travene any of the provisions of section. of the Stamp Ordinance, 1921, re- lating to the passing on of dividends.

(3) An appeal to the Supreme Court, as under section 17 of the Estate Duty Ordinance, 1915, shall lie from any decision of the Commissioner under sub-section (1) or sub-section (2) of this section.

་

SIR,

189

Annexe C.

1 Des Voeux Road Central,

HONG KONG 6th February, 1929.

Re Proposed Amendment to the Stamp Ordinance in Reference to the Stamp

Duty Payable in Respect of Share Transactions.

Since my return to the Colony I have perused the C.S.O. files in connection with this matter and the petition in opposition to the proposed Ordinance. I have discussed the proposals with the Committee of the Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce and with a number of brokers and others.

I have had a joint conference with the Honourable Colonial Treasurer and the Hon- ourable Sir Henry Pollock, and at such conference it was arranged that I should draw up a Memorandum on the subject.

I have three objects in mind:----

(a) That the Government should receive its fair measure of stamp duty on each share transaction, by which I mean, each purchase of shares in the Colony. (b) That the Government should receive its fair measure of death duties, and (c) That it is for the general benefit of the Colony that the speculator be not preferred to the genuine investor, in other words, purchases for a rise in the market, most of which are forward contracts, shall bear the same taxa- tion as an investment transaction.

I do not think there should be new or increased taxation-in fact I am suggesting a remission of the contract stamp duty.

My view is that each and every purchase of shares should pay to the Government stamp duty on the same basis whereas at the present time in practice the genuine inves- tor in fact pays a great deal more, because he is buying the shares with the object of holding them, he registers them in his name, so as to obtain all the benefits of a share- holder and clear his purchase from any lien which might be exercised by the company against the registered holder. The speculator holds the shares with a blank transfer attached and pays only the contract stamp duty, which is far lower than the amount paid by the genuine investor, in stamp transfer duty.

Up till 1921 only transfer stamp duty was paid, but in that year all stamp duties were reviewed and raised in many cases based on the recommendations of a commission held for that purpose. It was proposed to enforce the immediate registration of all trans- fers of shares and do away with blank transfers so that the Government should receive transfer stamp duty on all transactions, but in negotiation with the Stock Exchange it was arranged that instead of enforcing the immediate registration of transfers, a share contract stamp varying from $1 to $10 should be placed on each share contract.

The stamp transfer duty payable at the present time is 20 cents for every $100 or part thereof.

The principal objections raised to the proposed amending Ordinance are:-

(a) That it detrimentally affects the negotiability of shares by abolishing the

system of blank transfers.

(b) That it would force the bulk of the shares in the Colony into the names of

nominees of the banks.

190

erally to business interests.

To meet the objections raised I suggest that the stamping of share transfer docu- ments be abolished altogether; that the present transfer stamp duty be no longer placed on the transfer document but in future be paid in respect of and impressed on the sale contract note, and that in lieu of the stamp on the transfer document, the Treasury im- press a certificate to the effect that the requisite stamp duty has been paid and that such certificate be a discharge to the company concerned from further enquiry as to whether the requisite stamp duty has been paid.

Having regard to the fact that the present contract stamp duty came into force by reason of an arrangement made with the Stock Exchange in 1921 it should be abolished altogether.

That in future the ad valorem stamp duty be payable in respect of all sale transactions whether the shares are actually transferred into the name of the seller or not and that whether the sale is for cash or a forward transaction, but that in respect of all other transactions such as transfer for the purposes of mortgages, temporary loans, transfers in respect of Trusteeships, Executorships and donations of shares a nominal stamp duty of $2 only be charged and the same to be certified in like manner by the Treasury on the transfer document.

For the purpose of effectively carrying out my proposal, it will be necessary to legis-

late as follows:

(a) All sale transactions in the Colony in connection with shares whether nego- tiated by a Member of a Stock Exchange or otherwise must be evidenced by a contract in writing which must contain particulars of the shares sold and the price.

(b) The delivery of shares to the buyer in connection with a sale transaction must be accompanied by a transfer document containing the names of the seller and the buyer, particulars of the shares sold and signed by the seller and buyer, such transfer document having thereon a certificate from the Treasury signed by the proper officer to the effect that the requisite stamp duty has been paid.

substantial penalties, against agents and principals.

In practice the system will be as follows:-On a sale of shares being entered into the broker or the seller as the case may be will make out a contract evidencing the trans- action and the same will be stamped at the Treasury with an ad valorem stamp for the amount the transaction calls for, and the same will in the usual course of business be either delivered to the buyer or a notification thereof sent to the buyer. When the shares are to be delivered to the seller, the broker or the seller will take the contract to the Treasury together with a transfer document and the Treasury will on production of the contract, stamp the transfer document with a certificate which will be signed by the re- quisite Officer in the Treasury to the effect that the requisite ad valorem stamp duty has been paid. This stamped transfer together with the scrip for the shares will be handed to the buyer who will then be at liberty to either retain the scrip and the transfer document as they then stand or transfer the shares into the buyer's name.

The company whose shares they are, on receiving the transfer document with the Treasury certificate will be exonerated from making further enquiries as to whether the requisite stamp duty has been paid.

Should the buyer not desire to register the transfer, then when the shares are again sold a further contract will be made and a further transfer document certified as before, and so on through each transaction until eventually the ultimate buyer desires to regis- ter the shares in his name, when he will send in to the company concerned the share scrip and the intermediate transfer documents.

191

Snould the buyer desire to raise a loan on the shares he has purchased, he will hand to the lender the share scrip and transfer document and if the lender is not satisfied with the security as it stands he will send the shares to the company whose shares they are, register the shares in the name of the lender and obtain, if so desired, a new transfer document in the name of the lender or his representative on payment of a fixed stamp duty of $2. It will not be essential for the lender to register the shares in his or his nominee's name as the transfer document can be in blank in the case of mortgages and it will only be in respect of sale transactions that the transferee's name must be filled in the transfer document. When the loan is paid off, the borrower will be able to get the shares transferred back into his name by getting a fresh transfer document certified for on payment of the same nominal stamp duty of $2 or in the case of a blank transfer it can be destroyed.

All transfer transactions whether sale transactions or otherwise will be adjudicated by the Treasury and certified on the transfer document.

In view of the bargain made with the Stock Exchange in 1921, it would be unfair to insist on the present contract stamp duty in addition to the stamp transfer duty and I therefore advise its abolition.

In my opinion the scheme as above set out will have the following results:

(a) The penalties will have the effect of enforcing compliance with the pro-

posed Ordinance.

(b) In almost all cases the shares will be transferred into the name of the buyer because it will cost the buyer nothing to do so and he will get all the right of a shareholder.

is preserved.

(d) As in almost all cases the shares will be transferred into the name of the transferee, the identity of the shareholder for the purposes of death duty will not be lost except in cases where the shareholder during his time deliberate- ly intends evasion to take place after his death and I consider that there must be very few of these cases.

(e) The compromise arrived at with the Stock Exchange in 1921 has been pro-

vided for.

(f) The investor and the speculator are placed on the same basis.

(g) No new taxation is suggested in fact as far as the investor is concerned he

will pay less in the future.

I do not suggest that transactions between authorised dealers of the Stock Exchanges should be taxed any more than they are at present.

The Hon. The Colonial Secretary.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your obedient servant,

(Sd.) W. E. L. SHENTON.

· 192

Annexe D.

The Secretary, Stamp Committee :-

1. I enclose suggested drafts (1) and (2).

2. The figures respecting rates or periods of time are in no sense final. They

are merely inserted as tentative personal suggestions.

3. For instance to meet the objection that the system might lead to a pre- mium or discount on share values, the period might be cut down to 3 months or instead of reckoning from the date of stamping, the 1st July or the 1st January following might be substituted. Then all shares would be on the same time basis.

4. The suggestions are not exclusive of any suggested proposals regarding

collection of dividends.

(1)

The stamps on a blank transfer, not the document itself, will be deemed as against the transferee never to have been stamped on the expiration of 6 or 12 months from the date appearing on the stamps, provided that it may be re-stamped within the first and each subsequent period of six months, and provided that a blank transfer deposited by the legal proprietor with a financial institution or agency (approved by the Colonial Trea- surer) may be stamped at a fixed sum of $2, such stamp to be provisional and to be fol- lowed by full transfer duty in the event of a sale or other operation bringing the transfer into full effect, such concession to be limited to transfers made solely for the purpose of hypothecation. The transfer itself to bear at time of stamping words "for hypotheca- tion only" and also the name of the bank with which hypothecation is to be made.

(2)

The stamps on a transfer executed in blank, not the document itself, will be deemed as against the transferee never to have been stamped on the expiration of 12 months from the date appearing on the stamps, and registration cannot be effected unless penal duties on the following scale be paid.

over 1 year and under 2 years

1% ad valorem

2. years,,

وو

Provided that the stamps on such documents may be renewed on the termination of each period of six months as from original date of stamping at current ad valorem rates. Provided that a blank transfer deposited by the legal proprietor with a financial institution or agency (approved by the Colonial Treasurer) may be stamped at a fixed sum of $2, such stamp to be provisional and to be followed by full transfer duty in the event of a sale or other operation bringing the transfer into full effect, such concession to be limited to transfers made solely for the purpose of hypothecation. The transfer itself to bear at time of stamping words "for hypothecation only" and also the name of the bank with which hypothecation is to be made.

193

Annexe E.

A BILL

INTITULED

An Ordinance to amend the law relating to

Stamp Duty.

BE it enacted by the Governor of Hong Kong, with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council thereof, as follows:-

1. This Ordinance may be cited as the Stamp Amend- ment Ordinance, 1928.

2. The Stamp Ordinance · 1921 is amended by the Short title. insertion of the following sections immediately after section 27 thereof:-

Transferor of shares which are on a register within the

Colony must

state true date of execution.

Transferee must not accept

undated and unstamped

transfers.

Late Regis-

27A.-(1) Every person who transfers to Insertion of any other person any share which is on a share new sections register which is required by law to be kept 27A, 27B, within the Colony shall forthwith make and 27C, 27D and

27E, in execute an instrument of transfer of such share, Ordinance which transfer shall contain the true date of No. 8 of execution by the transferor.

1921.

(2) No person shall accept a transfer of any share on a share register which is required by law to be kept within the Colony unless the instrument of transfer

(i) purports to contain a statement of the date of the execution by the transferor and

(ii) is duly stamped with the appropriate

transfer duty.

27B.—(1) If a transfer of a share on a share tration Duty. register of a company which is required by law to be kept within the Colony be not registered within one month from the date of execution of the transfer by the trausferor, such transfer shall be registered only after payment of the late registration duty specified in the Schedule hereto. Provided that in the case of a transfer executed by either party out of the Colony, the date of receipt of such executed transfer within the Colony shall be substituted for the date of execution of the transfer by the transferor.

Period of

grace.

Shares pledged to authorised Bankers as security.

(2) In the application of the provisions of sub-section (1) to the case of transfers of share execute by the transferor before the com- mencement of this Ordinance, six months after the commencement of this Ordinance shall be substituted for the date of execution by the transferor; provided that after the expiration of six months from the commencement of this Ordinance no instrument of transfer which does not contain the true date of execution by the transferor shall be stamped with the late registration duty except with the express permission of the Collector.

27C.-(1) In the case of shares pledged as security for a loan to an authorised banker by the person (other than an anthorised dealer) in whose name the shares are registered at the time of such pledge (provided that the name of such authorised banker, or of his nominee, be at such time inserted in the instrument of transfer as transferee) the only duty payable shall be the duty specified under heading 40 (6) in the Schedule on transfer to the banker or nominee or re-transfer to the original trans- feror.

Amendment of Heading 40 of the Schedule to Ordinance No. 8 of 1921.

Definition of

authorised banker.

Transfers to authorised dealers.

pledged by authorised dealers.

Definition of authorised dealer.

194

(2) "Authorised banker in sub-section (1) of this section means a banker who is authorised by the Governor in Council for the purpose of this section, and whose name has been published in the Gazette as having been so authorised.

27 D.-(1) In the case of shares transferred on sale to an authorised dealer the only duty payable shall be the duty specified under head- ing 40 (7) in the Sebedule.

(2) In the case of shares pledged as security for a loan by an authorised dealer to an autho- rise banker (provided that the name of such authorised banker, or his nominee, be at such time inserted in the instrument of transfer as transferee) the only duty payable shall be the duty specified under heading 40 (6) in the Schedule on transfer to the banker or nominee or re-transfer to the dealer.

means

(3) "Authorised dealer" in this section a dealer who is authorised by the Governor in Council for the purpose of this section, and whose name has been published in the Gazette as having been so authorised.

Revocation of 27E. It shall be lawful for the Governor in authorization Council to withdraw at any time his authority of bankers from any

banker or dealer previously autho-

and dealers.

rised.

3. Heading 40 in the Schedule to the Stamp Ordinance. 1921, is hereby amended as follows by the addition after sub-paragraph (4) thereof of the following new sub-para- graph.

No. of Heading.

Instrument.

SCHEDULE.

Duty.

Nature of Stamp.

Point of time before which, or period within which, the instrument must

be stamped.

Person liable for

stamping, where stamping is compulsory.

40.

(5) Late Registration Duty.

See section 27B.

If registered after one month Overembossed.

after execution by the trans- feror; at the rate of fifty cents for every hundred dollars or part thereof of the market value on the date of stamping of the transfer instrument. If registered after three months at the rate of $1. If regis- tered after six months at the rate of $2.50. If registered after one year at the rate of $5.

Provided that, in the case of a transfer executed by either party out of the Colony, the date of receipt of such executed transfer within the Colony shall be substituted for the date of execution by the transferor.

(6) Transfer to an authorised $2.

banker (see sections 27C and 27D) by way of security for a loan; or a re-transfer by an authorised banker on repay- ment of a loan.

(7) Transfer to an authorised | $ 2.

dealer (see section 27D.)

Before Registration. The transferor and

the transferee.

Overembossed.

Before execution.

The transferor and

the transferee.

Overembossed.

Before execution.

The transferor and

the dealer.

195

Objects and Reasons.

The object of this Bill is to prevent the evasion of Estate and Stamp Duties by providing that transfers of shares shall contain the true date of execution by the transferor, and that registration of transfers shall be effected promptly.

Provision is made for the payment of late registration duty.

Provision is also made for the payment of a nominal duty of two dollars only in the case of transfers to or by authorised bankers, where the transfer is executed by way of security for a loan, and in the case of transfers to authorised dealers.

October, 1928

C. G. ALABASTER,

Attorney General.

Annexe F.

Proposed revision of Stamp Duty on Contracts.

Up to $1,000

2,500

5,000

7,500

$ 1 Stamp.

10,000

12,500 ... 15,000 ...

17,500

20,000

For every additional $5,000 or part thereof, $2.

Present Stamp Duty on Contracts.

Up to $1,000....

10,000..

20,000

50,000

above 50,000

$1 Stamp.

7.50

Share dealings through brokers or direct between clients must be subject to these duties.

Provide penalties for evasion, particularly in transactions direct between principals.

No stamps on transfer deeds, and legislate for non-paying of dividends as already proposed.

196

SECOND APPENDIX.

THE HON. Mr. J. P. BRAGA'S ADDENDUM TO THE REPORT.

I sign the Report under reservation. At the final meeting of the Committee held on the 30th July I argued for the inclusion of certain documents as Appendices to the Report. My motion was defeated by a majority of votes.

2. The documents which were ruled out are:-

(a) The Petition against the Draft Bill to Amend the Law relating to Stamp Duty published in the "Hong Kong Government Gazette" dated 9th November, 1928;

(b) My Memorandum dated 11th June, 1929, with criticisms of the Hon. Mr. W. E. L. Shenton's Memorandum of the 6th February, 1929, and his Reply to my criticisms; and

and its enclosure.

3. I will recapitulate briefly the reasons I advanced for the incorporation of the foregoing documents in the Appendices to the Report. The Petition was presented to the Officer Administering the Government of Hong Kong and was numerously signed by Bankers, Firms, Associations, Merchants and Residents both Europeans and Chinese- of the Colony. It is a valuable contribution to the question forming the subject matter of consideration by the Committee. To the presentation of the Petition is due the ap- pointment of the Committee. Since it has been thought necessary to print the Draft Bill of last November as an Appendix, even though it had been published in the "Government Gazette" of the 9th of that month, I am of opinion that it is all the more necessary that the Petition should also be incorporated in the Appendices. It has not been given official publication and may be lost sight of if the proposal to do away with blank transfers or to increase the scale of stamp duties on share contract notes is revived.

4. As regards my Memorandum, which is a criticism of the Hon. Mr. Shenton's proposals in reference to the Stamp Duty payable in respect of share transactions, frankly I must confess I cannot appreciate the arguments advanced for its exclusion. In brief, the arguments were: first, that it would make the report too bulky; secondly, that in the opinion of the learned Chairman of the Committee only "proposals" should be incor- porated in the Appendix; and, lastly, that the Report would be obscured by the greater volume of the Appendix. The first and third arguments can be disposed of by the fact that my Memorandum would not exceed three pages or so of print. Even for the sake of argument that it did, as a statement of reasoned observations on the Hon. Mr. Shenton's proposals its exclusion, in my opinion, is not justified, especially when, in reply, Mr. Shenton wrote to the Secretary of the Committee on the 14th June, that "paragraphs 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 also paragraphs 22 and 23 contain excellent creative suggestions. I think that the Committee would do well to consider these suggestions, with a view to their adop- tion.' I urged at the same time that, in all fairness to the Hon. Mr. Shenton, his replies to my criticisms should also find a place in the Appendix.

5. The value of the official communication from Singapore lies in the fact that when the new Stamp Bill was discussed in Committee at a meeting of the Singapore Legis- lative Council on the 25th March last, it was decided to reduce the flat rate of duty chargeable on transfers to 15 cents for every $100 of consideration. The original pro- posal was to charge on-

"certified" transfers 10 cents per $100, and "blank"

The flat rate of 15 cents per $100 is less than the Hong Kong rate of 20 cents.

Hong Kong, 31st July, 1929.

J. P. BRAGA.

197

THIRD APPENDIX.

MR. J. SCOTT HARSTON'S MINORITY REPORT.

PROPOSED AMENDMENT OF THE STAMP ORDINANCE.

The question submitted to the Committee appointed by His Excellency in Council herein is as follows:---

"To consider the amendment of the Stamp Ordinance with a view to pre- venting evasion of the Stamp Duty on share transactions and of the Estate Duty on shares forming part of the estates of deceased persons".

Though I have agreed to and signed the Report of the Committee recommend- ing the adoption of the proposals therein referred to, namely, to amend the Stamp Ordi-

nance:

(1) So as to make it illegal to pass on dividends to subsequent unregistered

purchasers;

(2) So as to make registration in the name of a deceased person prima facie evidence of ownership by such deceased person for the purpose of Estate Duty and to render the deceased's Estate liable for any contravention of any of the matters the subject of amendment No. 1 above :

I am strongly inclined to the opinion that, unless some insuperable difficulty exists, and subject to what I have remarked later regarding blank transfers, it would be better to amend the Stamp Ordinance by making it obligatory upon those who purchase shares which are on a Share Register which is required by law to be kept within the Colony to execute the transfers they receive in respect of such purchases within a period not exceeding six weeks from the respective dates fixed for the completion of the respective purchases by the respective contract notes relating thereto.

An amendment of the Stamp Ordinance on these lines would, it seems to me, very largely, if not entirely, prevent the evasion which is the subject of the Committee's en- quiry, since it would, within a reasonable time, earmark the position with regard to the legal ownership of all shares. It would, it is true, have the effect of materially alter- ing the course of business at present adopted in the Colony with regard to blank trans- fers, but personally I do not view that fact as one which can give rise to legitimate complaint.

Under the course of business obtaining in this Colony, a blank transfer may-and frequently does-pass through many hands over a long period of years, with the result that not only does the Government fail to receive the Stamp Duty which I think it may fairly be said it ought to receive, but in addition, the true ownership of the shares can- not be readily ascertained.

This practice is not one which obtains to any large extent in England, and in fact as is shown by the remarks contained on page 129 of "The Law and Customs of the Stock Exchange" by Melsheimer and Gardner :-

"The Committee of the Stock Exchange will not interfere (except under special circumstances) in any question arising out of the delivery of securities by transfer in blank nor compel a buyer to accept delivery of transfers so executed".

To my mind, the use of blank transfers should in effect be limited to occasions when the registered, and consequently legal owner of the shares the subject thereof desires to convey an equitable title thereto in favour of some Institution

Institution or person, whether by way of pledge of the shares in question as security for a loan thereon, or otherwise.

198

I cannot see that an amendment of the Stamp Ordinance on the lines I have above suggested would improperly interfere with legitimate business. It could not prevent purchasers of shares arranging to have same carried on their behalf by others, and would in fact strengthen the position of those who carried such shares, because of the fact that the purchaser lodging the transfer in respect thereof would, by registration of the pre- vious transfer to himself, have become the legal owner of the shares and thereby have cleared off all outstanding equities in respect thereof.

It seems to me that if a system of compulsory registration of transfer of shares on the lines above suggested had been in force for some time prior to and at the date of the Stock Exchange crisis which occurred in the month of June 1925, the magnitude of that calamity would have been very largely minimised.

J. SCOTT HARSTON

C.S.O.

199

HONG KONG.

CORRESPONDENCE RELATING TO THE MUI-TSAI QUESTION.

No. 1929

No. 1.

TELEGRAM FROM SECRETARY OF STATE TO GOVERNOR.

22nd February, 1922.

With regard to mui-tsai question, on which I do not feel satisfied, it is impos- sible for me to defend the existence of such an institution in a British Colony if I am unable to state that no slightest element of compulsory employment is involved, this be- ing the essence of slavery, and that freedom to leave her adopted parents or employers if she desires exists for every mui-tsai of a certain age, both in law and in practice. As far as administrative measures can contrive this freedom should be real.

As an example: could an identity disc, with number, be given to each child on attaining years of discretion,-say 12,-, which could be posted by her at any time to the Secretary for Chinese Affairs, it being his duty on receiving it, to arrange for her release? A commission could be appointed, including local advocates of reform, which could investigate other possible means of securing genuine freedom to leave employers: and to consider with what measures legislative and administrative the complete abolition of compulsory employment of mui-tsai over age could be brought about: to recommend, in the case of mui-tsai under age, precautions by which an equivalent measure of protec- tion could be ensured, and particularly-to provide a safe and secret means of appeal against ill-treatment to the Chinese Secretary, in the practical difficulty of a child asserting its legal freedom: to investigate fully the possible means of preventing mui-tsai being transferred without the agreement of their natural parents or of the Secretary: and to provide a report of what measures they recommend the Government to take to meet with the anticipated result when these measures be adopted. I should like to receive the report with your recommendations, despatched before your departure in June.

It would be advisable in any case for proclamations to be issued immediately that shall make it clear to Child-employers and employed that in future there will not be re- cognition in Hong Kong of the status of mui-tsai as it is understood in China generally: and more especially that girls over age shall not in any way be forcibly restrained from leaving adopted parents or other employers freely and at any time. I should like to re- ceive substance of proposed proclamation by telegraph as soon as possible.

No. 2.

CHURCHILL.

TELEGRAM FROM GOVERNOR TO SECRETARY OF STATE.

16th March, 1922.

Your telegram of February 22nd.

Secretary for Chinese Affairs had meeting with Secretaries of the Society for protection of mui-tsai and Society for Abolition, who propose to col- laborate in drawing up suggestions aimed at abolition of the system as soon as practicable.

•

200

The aim of both Societies and of the Government is the same, namely aboli-

tion, but both agree that the process must be gradual...

Meanwhile they deprecate issue of proclamation which they consider would be dangerous, especially as exposing large numbers of girls to the wiles of

procuresses.

It would be very desirable to have some scheme to provide for their future

before they are encouraged to leave their employers.

STUBBS.

No. 3.

TELEGRAM FROM SECRETARY OF STATE TO GOVERNOR.

21st March, 1922.

Your telegram of March 16th.

I am glad to know that you are co-operating with the societies in scheme for the abolition of system. Though recognizing that it must take a little time, I am determined. to expedite it as much as possible. I expect the change to be carried out in a year.

You should issue the proclamation as directed in my telegram of February 22nd without delay, but in view of the dangers to which you call attention, which are appre- ciated by me, you should warn girls in it that until they get accommodation provided for them elsewhere they should not leave the shelter of their present homes, except in case of You should warn them ill-treatment, and after Chinese Secretary has been referred to. especially against risk to which you refer in your telegram. You should consult with charitable and other societies concerned in regard to elaborating scheme for their future.

CHURCHILL.

No. 4.

TELEGRAM FROM SECRETARY OF STATE TO GOVERNOR.

21st March, 1922.

Following is text of statement which I have made in House of Commons March 21st as to mui-tsai :---

"The House will recollect that I asked Honourable Members to postpone their questions in this subject in order that I might communicate with the Government of Hong Kong. The recent occurrences in the Colony have unfortunately prevented either the Governor or myself from dealing with this matter as expeditiously as I had hoped but I have now received a telegram from the Governor stating that his Government in consultation with the societies for the protection and for the abolition of mui-tsai will draw up a scheme for the abolition of the system as soon as possible. Both the Government and the societies point out that this process must take some little time. I have directed the issue without further delay of a proclamation making it clear to employers and employed that the status of mui-tsai as understood in China will not in future be recognized in Hong Kong and in particular that no compulsion of any kind to prevent girls over the age of 12 leaving their adopted parents at any time will be allowed. It has been pointed out to me by the Government and the socie- ties that the issue of this proclamation will involve some risks of expos- ing a number of girls to the wiles of unscrupulous persons and that before

201

the girls are encouraged to leave their employers it would be very desir- able to

to have some scheme to provide for their future. It is indeed obvious in view of the numbers involved that it would be beyond the power either of charitable institutions or of the Government to deal adequately with the situation should any large proportion desire to leave their present homes immediately. I have therefore instructed the Gover- nor that mui-tsai should be warned in the proclamation that until accom- modation can be provided for them elsewhere they should not leave the shelter of their present homes except in case of ill-treatment and after reference to the Chinese Secretariat and I have also said that they should be specially warned against the other danger referred to by the Gover- nor. Although it is obvious that any old established custom cannot be altered at a moment's notice I desire to make it clear that both the Governor and I are determined to effect the abolition of the system at the earliest practicable date and I have indicated to the Governor that I expect the change to be carried out within a year."

CHURCHILL.

No. 5.

TELEGRAM FROM GOVERNOR TO SECRETARY OF STATE.

28th March, 1922.

Referring to your telegram of 21st March.

Society for the Abolition and Society for the Protection are having joint confer- ence shortly with a view to settling what steps are best to take to secure abolition as soon as possible. I venture to suggest that issue of proclamation should be deferred until they report but if you consider that in view of your statement in the House issue is necessary at once, I would suggest the following :

Begins : "The following proclamation is issued by the Governor under instructions from

His Majesty's Government.

Slavery is not allowed to exist in the British Empire, and therefore it must be understood that mui-tsai are not the property of their employers.

Those of them who wish to leave their employers and who have reached years of discretion must be allowed to apply to the Secretary for Chinese Affairs who will consider their cases.

Girls are warned that they must not leave their present homes until they have some employment to go to, for fear that they should fall into the hands of procuresses..

Masters and mistresses are specially warned against any attempt to pre- vent mui-tsai from seeing the Secretary for Chinese Affairs". Ends.

I am sure you will understand that I have every desire to carry out your instruc- tions wholeheartedly but I feel compelled to say that the issue of such a proclamation. before arrangements are made for the future is likely to do great harm. Girls will cer- tainly leave their employers in spite of any warning and the majority will fall into bad hands.

I have suggested use of the phrase "years of Discretion" instead of twelve years because Chinese girls of twelve are mere children wholly incapable of thinking for them- selves.

Both of the Societies and (enthusiastic missionary advocates of abolition say that the idea of abolition within one year is unthinkable.

STUBBS.

202

No. 6.

TELEGRAM FROM SECRETARY OF STATE TO GOVERNOR.

Referring to your telegram of March 28th.

3rd April, 1922.

I cannot consent to defer the issue of proclamation, proposed terms of which approve and it should appear as soon as possible. It will of course be considered by you and by the Societies what steps should be taken to obviate the consequences you fear and to prevent mui-tsai being removed against their wishes and interests, from the Colony.

Regarding the reasons for which abolition within one year is considered by the

societies to be unthinkable, I will await full statement by post.

No. 7.

CHURCHILL.

Enclos

ure.

Sir,

ence,

DESPATCH FROM GOVERNOR TO SECRETARY OF STATE

10th June, 1922.

With reference to your telegram of 21st March and to the connected correspond- I have the honour to transmit to you a copy of a report by a Joint Committee of the Society for Protection of Muitsai and the Anti-Muitsai, Society on the methods which should be adopted to effect the abolition of the system.

2. I regret that I cannot regard the suggestions of the Joint Committee as afford- ing a satisfactory solution of this difficult question. So far from providing for the aboli- tion of the mui-tsai system in a year or so, as is your desire, the proposals involve its con- tinuance for nearly twenty years land-what is to my mind an insuperable objection—the definite recognition of the system by Government.

3. To say that a mui-tsai is to remain in the service of her employer until she has worked off the "money advanced to her parent" seems to me to introduce at once the status of slavery. In short the draft ordinance submitted by the Committee treats the money paid to the parents of the mui-tsai as a purchase price which entitles the employer to regard the girl as his property until it is repaid either by work or in cash (see paragraph VIII b).

4. Such an arrangement would be in direct opposition to the previous policy of this Government which has been to refuse to regard the payment of money to the parents as conferring any proprietary rights in the girl and in my opinion if it were adopted many of the criticisms of this Government which have been made without adequate knowledge of the facts might be repeated with full justification.

5. I attach no importance to the argument of the Committee that "mui-tsai keeping is a very old practice and that the interests of the owner cannot be entirely ignored" Persons who have employed mui-tsai (I object to the use of the word "owner" in present circumstances, though I think it would be correct if the proposals of the Committee were adopted) have always known that in the eye of the law the payment made to the parent has conferred no right of property. If they chose, with this knowledge, to pay money for something which the law did not recognize they did so at their own risk The law as

it stands at present would not support them in an attempt to retain control of a girl against her will, on the ground that money had been paid for her, and I should object most strongly to any alteration of the law which placed them in a better position in this respect than heretofore.

6. I submit that more drastic action is required if the system is to be abolished. I am not prepared to put forward cut and dried proposals at the moment. It would take some little time to work out exact details and you have asked me to submit my sugges- tions before I leave for England. I would ask permission therefore to submit the broad lines of the scheme which I think should be adopted. If the general principles meet with your approval, the details can be elaborated by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs in consultation with members of the Chinese Community.

甲

203

7. I advise that legislation should be introduced on the following lines:-

(a) A declaratory clause should set out the fact that the payment of money to the parent or guardian of a mui-tsai confers no right of property upon the payer.

(b) Employers of mui-tsais must register them at the office of the Secretary for

Chinese Affairs the fullest possible particulars being given in each case. (c) Mui-tsais who have reached the age of 18 are at liberty to leave their em- ployment at once. Those below that age must be restored to their parents at once, either on their own demand or on that of their parents, without any payment. Mui-tsais between the ages of 12 and 18 whose parents or guardians cannot be found and who wish to leave their employment must be allowed to apply to the Secretary for Chinese Affairs to find them other employment. It will be necessary to provide that they must take up such employment as the Secretary for Chinese Affairs considers suitable for them.

Girls below the age of 12, whose parents cannot be found, should be required to stay with their present employers except in cases of cruelty when they should be sent to the Po Leung Kuk until some suitable ar- rangement can be made for them.

(d) Mui-tsais who remain with their present employers must be placed on the footing of paid servants, receiving wages at a rate for which a minimum will have to be fixed.

Up to the age of 9 or 10, the services of such a girl would probably he adequately remunerated by the provision of board and lodging and I do not suggest any monetary payment in these cases.

Between that age and 18 wages should be paid at rates to be fixed hereafter, the rate would be more or less nominal up to the age of say 15 and thereafter a sum based on the rate of wages normally paid in households where paid maid servants are employed.

These wages should not be paid to the girl but should be placed to her credit in a bank and accumulate until she reaches the age of 18 when the accumulations should be at her disposal.

Girls above the age of 18 can make their own bargains in regard to wages.

(The ages quoted above are inserted for the sake of illustration. The exact ages and the rates of pay are among the details that require to be elaborated in consultation with the Chinese advisers of the Secretary for Chinese Affairs. It will also be necessary to make some provision for see- ing that payments to the girls' bank accounts are duly made).

(e) No girl must in future be taken as a mui-tsai. Mui-tsais already in the employment of families who come from China to settle here must be re- gistered on arrival and treated in all respects in the same way as mui-tsais now in Hong Kong.

(f) No one shall in future employ a female domestic servant other than one of the former mui-tsais provided for above below the age of ten years.

(This provision seems to me to be necessary in order to prevent eva- sion of the law).

8. Legislation on these lines would. I submit, effect what is required as soon as possible. The status of mui-tsai would be definitely and clearly abolished and no new mui- tsais would be engaged: and the children who are now mui-tsais would become paid ser- vants at the earliest possible date.

9. I should not anticipate that the Secretary for Chinese Affairs would be over- whelmed with applications to find other employment for mui-tsais. The issue of the pro- clamation directed in your telegram of 21st March has contrary to expectation-not re- sulted in any appeals to the Secretary for Chinese Affairs and I think it may fairly be assumed that the vast majority of these girls are satisfied with their positions. The fact that they will receive wages will probably decide practically all of them to remain in fami-

204

liar surroundings rather than risk a change to new work. It is possible, however, that in addition to any mui-tsais who may desire to leave their present homes there will be others whose employers are unable or unwilling to retain their services if they have to pay them wages. It will be necessary to provide for such cases but in the absence of any indication. of what the number is likely to be it is difficult to know what provision to make.

I cannot recommend at present the establishment of an Industrial Home such as the Committee suggest. Very heavy expense would be involved and very likely without due cause the number of girls who may need to be provided for may be only a few dozen at the most. For disciplinary reasons, it would be necessary to run the institution on lines. similar to those of a reformatory and to restrict the liberty of the inmates: it would therefore be unpopular and no girl would enter it if she could find any alternative work.

Moreover, such an institution could scarcely be built and ready for occupation in less than two years at the earliest by which time it may be hoped that any need for it would practically have ceased to exist.

I think that it is reasonable to anticipate that the number of cases to be provided for will not be larger than can be dealt with adequately with the assistance of the Po Leung Kuk and other charitable institutions or by arrangements with individual employers of labour and I advise that the matter should be left in that state for the present. If a detailed scheme has to be worked out to deal with contingencies that will very probably never arise there will be indefinite delay before a start is made with the abolition of the mui-tsai system.

I have, etc.,

R. E. STUBBS.

Enclosure in No. 7.

REPORT BY A JOINT COMMITTEE OF THE SOCIETY FOR PROTECTION OF MUI-TSAI AND THE ANTI-MUI-TSAI SOCIETY.

Hong Kong, 29th May, 1922..

The Honourable,

Sir,

The Secretary for Chinese Affairs,

Present.

In compliance with your verbal request made on 11th March, 1922, that the Society for Protection of Muitsai and the Anti-Muitsai Society should co-operate to devise a scheme for the abolition of the muitsai system for submission to the Hong Kong Govern- ment, we, the members of the Joint Committee separately elected by these two societies for this purpose, have the honour to communicate our conclusions. In our deliberations, we bear in mind that the number of muitsais is in the neighbourbood of ten thousand and that it may be beyond the resources of the Government to provide maintenance for all of them. Moreover, we realize that muitsai-keeping is a very old practice and that the in- terests of the owner cannot be entirely ignored, and, consequently, we are inclined to adopt the expedient of treating the purchase price of a muitsai as money advanced to her parent. For this consideration, the muitsai has to remain to work for her owner for a cer- tain number of years before she regains her freedom. Only on this foundation can we hope to build up an adequate organization for effecting abolition.

Legislation.

To our mind, the first step lies in promulgating the necessary legislation, particu- Appen- lars of which are suggested in Appendix A. Registration of muitsai is absolutely necessary dix A. to effect abolition: the form recommended is not so irksome that opposition from the pub-

lic has to be met. Moreover, registration is necessary in order to check the importation of muitsai, which, after the passing of the necessary ordinance, is to be a punishable

205

offence. Although ordinances have to be rigidly enforced, we beg to point out that undue interference by the Police and Excise Officers with arrivals in the Colony accom- panied by their natural or adopted daughters cannot be too strongly deprecated. It is recommended that the fullest publicity is to be given to the provisions of the ordinance. which should be available to the public at all the police-stations, markets, river and coastal steamers and trains, and a copy of which should be served on every householder whose name appears in the latest Census as the owner of one or more muitsais.

Employment Bureau.

As will be seen from Appendix A, muitsais over the age of 20 years (according to Chinese reckoning) regain their liberty. Although it is expected that the majority of them will remain with their present owners as servants on monthly wages, provision for the absorption of those who fail to make this arrangement has to be made. Hence the neces- sity for an employment bureau, which will be extremely useful in the event of the accom- modation in the proposed Industrial Home being insufficient for the purposes for which it is designed. In such an eventuality, it will be permissable for this bureau to let out to respectable householders on wages the services of those muitsais over ten years of age who have to rely upon the Government for support. Applications for the service of these girls must be accompanied by a chop guarantee that the girls will be properly fed, clothed and treated.

Industrial Home.

Full particulars and estimates of the proposed home are given in Appendix B.Appen- It will be recalled that the "Commission to enquire into the Conditions of the Indus-dix B. trial Employment of Children in Hong Kong", in its report to the Government, has re- commended the institution of such an establishment to solve the child labour problem and that the "League of Fellowship and Service" has, on its programme, the same object in view. In short, there is already a strong public opinion in favour of the establishment of such a home, in which seri-culture, the promotion and improvement of which is one of the recommendations of the Economic Resources Committee, should form the chief in- dustry. The estimates and particulars are furnished to us by Mrs. A. O'Ben (Mrs. Au Bun), who, during the past three years has been conducting, at her own expense, a home on similar lines in Shanghai for the benefit of orphans of both sexes, and who, if re- quested by the Government, may agree to assist. We beg to state that increase of ac- commodation in the proposed home can be effected at small extra cost by the erection of wooden tenements with fire-proof roofs.

In conclusion, we have to add that as the scheme for abolition is urgently required, the time at our disposal prevents us from going further into details. However, we shall be glad to supply information or suggestions to the Government on any point that may re- quire elucidation or explanation.

Enclosures:

Appendices A & B.

We remain,

Yours faithfully,

CHAU TSUN NIN.

TSE KA PO.

WONG KWONG TIN.

M. K. LO.

C. G. ANDERSON.

T. F. HUNG.

NGAN KWAN YUE.

J. M. WONG.

T. P. WOO.

CHAU WAI CHEUNG.

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APPENDIX A LEGISLATION.

Definition.

I-(a) The expression "Mui-tsai" shall mean and include any female under the age of 20 years (according to Chinese reckoning) whose main or general function it is to be about the employer's person or establishment for the purpose of ministering to the em- ployer's needs or wants or carrying out the employer's orders or the needs or orders of those who are members of such establishment or of those resorting to such establishment including guests, but does not include:-

1. Any female who is adopted by any person as a daughter and who is treated.

in all respects as if she were a member of his family.

2. Any female who is bona fide employed as a domestic servant on salary

basis.

(b) The expression "Employer" shall mean and include the person who purcha- sed any Mui-tsai or to whom for any consideration or for no consideration the Mui- tsai was transferred, and the person who for the time being has the custody control or care of Mui-tsai, such person not being the Mui-tsai's father or mother or natural guar- dian according to Chinese Law and Custom.

(c) The expression "Parent" shall mean and include the father and mother or any Mui-tsai, or other person who is the natural guardian of the Mui-tsai according to Chinese Law and Custom.

(d) The expression "Registered Mui-tsai" shall mean any Mui-tsai registered in accordance with this Ordinance.

II. The Secretary for Chinese Affairs shall keep in the form prescribed by the ernor-in-Council a register of mui-tsais. Such form may be modified from time to time by the Governor-in-Council.

III. The Secretary for Chinese Affairs shall cause to be printed copies of the pre- scribed form.

IV. It shall be the duty of the employ of any mui-tsai to apply to the Secretary for Chinese Affairs for a printed copy of the prescribed form and shall fill therein all the prescribed particulars and shall annex thereon photograph of the prescribed size of the mui-tsai to which such form shall relate. The employer shall furnish to the Secre- tary for Chinese Affairs and sign a printed copy of such form containing the prescribed particulars and the prescribed photograph.

V. The employer shall from time to time notify the Secretary for Chinese Affairs of any change in the particulars supplied and the Secretary for Chinese Affairs shall modify the Register accordingly.

VI. Every employer who wilfully refuses or neglects to fill up, sign and furnish to the Secretary for Chinese Affairs a printed copy of the prescribed form containing the prescribed photograph within one month after the passing of this Ordinance, or who wil- fully makes signs or furnishes to the Secretary for Chinese Affairs, or causes to be made signed or furnished any false return as to any of the matters specified in the printed form shall on Summary Conviction be liable to a fine not exceeding $1000 or to im- prisonment not exceeding 1 year.

VII-(a) All presentation cards, contracts or other documents whatsoever relating to any mui-tsai who shall not be registered in accordance with this Ordinance shall be null and void except as to any benefit enuring to the mui-tsai thereunder, and any parent shall be entitled to be restored to him any mui-tsai not so registered as aforesaid.

(b) In case any employer shall be in doubt as to whether any parent seeking to have such mui-tsai restored to him is the proper person to be restored such mui-tsai, such employer or parent shall refer the matter to the Secretary for Chinese Affairs whose decision shall be final and binding on both parties.

207

(c) Any employer who wilfully refuses or neglects to restore such mui-tsai to the parent shall on Summary Conviction be liable to a fine not exceeding $500 and the Magis- trate shall have power to make such order for the restoration of such mui-tsai as he may think fit.

VIII-(a) Notwithstanding the terms of any presentation card, contract and other document whatsoever relating to any registered mui-tsai, such mui-tsai shall be deemed to have contracted to serve the employer for a certain number of years varying with the age of such mui-tsai when she first became a mui-tsai to such employer calculated ac- cording to the table A to this Ordinance. At the expiration of such number of years such mui-tsai shall be free to leave the employer. Any employer who refuses to allow such mui-tsai to leave or in any way molests or hinders such mui-tsai from so leaving shall be liable on Summary Conviction to a fine not exceeding $500.

(b) Any parent may at any time redeem with the approval of the Secretary for Chinese Affairs any registered mui-tsai by refunding to the employer a part of the sum originally paid by the employer for such registered mui-tsai proportional to the remain- ing number of years for which such registered mui-tsai has to serve the employer in ac- cordance with Table A to this Ordinance. Provided that the sum originally paid by the employer as aforesaid shall be deemed not to exceed $150.

(c) In case any employer shall be in doubt as to whether any parent seeking to re- deem under this Section is in fact the proper person to redeem, or there shall be any dispute as to the redemption price, the employer or parent shall refer the matter to the Secretary for Chinese Affairs whose decision shall be final and binding on both par- ties.

(d) Any employer who wilfully refuses or neglects to allow any parent to redeem any registered muitsai shall be liable on Summary Conviction to a fine not exceeding $500, and the magistrate shall have power to make such order for the restoration of such muitsai as he may think fit.

IX. Any female if under the age of 20 years (according to Chinese reckoning) would be a muitsai under the Ordinance shall have all the rights of a muitsai who has completed her term of service under section 8 of this Ordinance.

X. In the event of any employer finding any muitsai persistently troublesome or disobedient or for any other reason such employer is unwilling to retain such muitsai such employer may refer the matter to the Secretary for Chinese Affairs who may direct the employer to retain such muitsai, send such muitsai to the Po Leung Kuk or any Industrial Home or make such other arrangements for the reception custody control or care of such muitsai as he may think proper.

XI. Any person who persistently ill-treats or is guilty of cruelty to any muitsai shall on Summary Conviction be liable to a fine not exceeding $500 or to imprisonment not exceeding 6 months and the magistrate may refer the case to the Secretary for Chinese Affairs who may deal with the muitsai as contemplated by section 10 of this Ordinance.

XII. (a) Except as otherwise provided by this Ordinance it shall not be lawful for any person to deal or trade in muitsais, purchase, sell barter or transfer, or to contract for the dealing or trading in, purchase, sale, barter, or transfer of muitsais or persons intended to be dealt with as muitsais, or to carry away, remove import, or export, or to contract for the carrying away, removing, importing or exporting of, muitsais or persons. intended to be dealt with as muitsais.

(b) Any person acting in contravention of this section shall be liable on Summary Conviction to a fine not exceeding $1,000 and to imprisonment not exceeding 1 year.

Age of Mui-tsai.

208

TABLE A.

Number of years of service.

11 10

FORM OF REGISTRATION.

Name of Mui-tsai.

Age.

Name & Address of Employer.

Name & Address

of parents.

Nature of Presenta- tion card &c. &

Important terms.

Photograph.

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APPENDIX B.

PARTICULARS AND ESTIMATE OF PROPOSED INDUSTRIAL HOME.

1. It is proposed to build a home to accommodate five hundred girls.

2. It is proposed to request the Government to grant a piece of land with an area of 200 mow in the New Territory. Of this area, 150 mow will be used for agricultural purposes and cattle and fowl rearing: the remaining 50 mow will be used for building purposes including the laying-out of play grounds, etc.

3. A sum of three hundred thousand dollars for the erection of brick buildings will be required.

4. A sum of two hundred thousand dollars for equipment (including the cost of fixtures, looms, furniture, raw materials, etc.) will be required.

ment.

5. The total sum of five hundred thousand dollars is to be supplied by the Govern-

6. Education.-Facilities for the education of the inmates will be provided as follows:

Girls aged 12 years and under (Chinese reckoning) will study in the morning

and work in the afternoon.

Girls over 12 years (Chinese reckoning) will work in the day and study at

night.

7. Work. Agriculture (mulberry-growing, silkworm-rearing, vegetable-growing). Silk spinning and weaving and also embroider work.

Cattle and fowl rearing.

REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE PROPOSED INDUSTRIAL HOME.

1. The inmates of this home will be taught general knowledge and given vocation- al training including washing, cooking and household management. The term of a full course is to be four years; but this time limit is not to apply to girls of tender age. On the completion of a full course, the student will be allowed to act as instructor in the home or to work for her livelihood outside the home with the permission of the Secretary for Chinese Affairs.

2. The school is to be divided into two grades or sections:-

(a) For girls 12 years of age and under.

Lessons will be given from 8 a.m. to noon. Vocational training will be given from 1 p.m. to 5 p.m. The time between 6.30 p.m. to 8 p.m. is to be devoted to revision of studies.

Clothes, socks, shoes, books and sundry expenses will be provided. gratis by the Home.

(b) For girls over 12 years of age.

Vocational training will be given from 8 a.m. to noon and from 1 p.m. to 5 p.m. The time between 6.30 p.m. to 9 p.m. will be devoted to study. Clothes, socks, shoes, books and sundry expenses will be pro- vided gratis by the Home and small monetary reward will be given to industrious inmates according to the results of work.

3. The following subjects are to be taught in the home.

Chinese, Writing, Letter-writing, physical exercise, Lessons on Morality, Simple Arithmetic, Household management and Domestic Science, Silkworm-rearing, silk reel- ing, vegetable growing, cattle and fowl rearing, spinning and weaving, Elementary draw- ing, Embroidery, singing and Elementary English.

4. The Time-table is as follows:-

6.30 a.m. Physical exercise.

7.15 a.m. Breakfast.

7.45 a.m. Attendance in the Main Hall where a short discourse will be given.

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8.00 a.m. Start work in vocational training or in class room. 12 noon. Lunch.

1.00 p.m. Start work in vocational training or in class room. 5.00 p.m. All work ceases.

5.15 p.m. Supper.

6.30 to 9.30 p.m. Revision of lessons or Attending school.

9.15 p.m. Bed-time.

Girls under 12 years of age sleep an hour earlier. There will be no work on

Sundays.

5. The Staff will consist of:--

1 Superintendent.

1 Assistant Superintendent.

1 Headmistress.

1 Assistant Headmistress.

4 Clerks.

20 Teachers who will also act as matrons.

12 Industrial instructors.

30 Out-door servants (including herdsmen, farm labourers, etc.).

6. The boarding expenses (including those of the Staff) are estimated at $3,000 per month. Other expenses including salaries, clothes, books and sundries are estimated at $2,500 per month.

It is submitted that although the monthly expenditure to be borne by the Govern- ment is enormous, it can be eventually recovered, as after the first two years there will yield a small income which will keep on increasing and after the fifth year it should be sufficient to cover the monthly expenses.

No. 8.

TELEGRAM FROM SECRETARY OF STATE TO GOVERNOR.

Your despatch of 10th June No. 224 paragraph 7. which should be brought into operation without delay.

25th August, 1922.

I approve scheme proposed

CHURCHILL.

No. 9.

TELEGRAM FROM GOVERNOR TO SECRETARY OF STATE.

5th September, 1922.

Your telegram of August. Bill has been prepared but meets with strong opposi- tion from representatives of Chinese Community. I propose to inform them that the bill must be passed to come into force in 1st January, 1923. The alternative course is to read the bill a first and second time to give the members of Council an opportunity of giving expression to their views and then to defer passing of bill pending reference to you with any petition they may wish to send. I prefer the former course.

SEVERN,

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No. 10.

TELEGRAM FROM SECRETARY OF STATE TO OFFICER ADMINISTERING THE GOVERNMENT.

7th September, 1922.

Your telegram 5th September, mui-tsai. opposition?

What are

are the main grounds for

CHURCHILL.

No. 11.

TELEGRAM FROM OFFICER ADMINISTERING THE GOVERNMENT TO SECRETARY OF STATE.

9th September, 1922.

Your telegram of 7th September. Chinese Representatives regard mui-tsai as mem- bers of the family and anticipate that if this status is altered to that of hired servant parental authority and care now exercised will disappear and girls will be much more liable to kidnapping, illtreatment, and prostitution. Parents in poor circumstances wel- come propects of education and marriage usually attaching to status of mui-tsai, but em- ployers of hired servants will refuse any responsibility in this respect, and custom of drowning infant daughters will be revived. Mui-tsai system is the outcome of centuries of adjustment to economic conditions. (From social point of view Hong Kong cannot be separated from China and it would be disastrous for the government to act in direct op- position to overwhelming public opinion. Do you wish the bill to be sent to you with the detailed objections signed by the representatives of the Chinese community?

SEVERN.

No. 12.

TELEGRAM FROM SECRETARY OF STATE TO GOVERNOR.

24th November, 1922.

Your telegram 9th September mui-tsai. After full discussion with Governor con- sider law should be passed without further delay on following lines:—

(1) Declaration that payment of money for mui-tsai confers no right of pro-

perty in her;

(2) From date of passing of law no girls to be taken as mui-tsai and no female

servants to be taken under age of 10 years;

(3) From date to be fixed by Proclamation following provisions as to the girls

who are now mui-tsai to come into force :-

(a) Registration,

(b) Mui-tsai over 18 to be free to leave,

mand,

(d) Mui-tsai from 12 to 18 to be free to apply to Secretary for Chinese

Affairs who will take such steps as appear to him best,

(e) Mui-tsai remaining with employers to be paid,

(f) No transfers of mui-tsais except in case of death of employer when girl would be dealt with at discretion of Secretary for Chinese Affairs.

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In passing ordinance on above lines you should make it quite clear that there will be no compromise on 1st and 2nd provisions but that I will carefully and sympathetically con- sider any representations which the Chinese may wish to make before the Proclamation bringing the 3rd part into force is issued.

DEVONSHIRE.

No. 13.

DESPATCH FROM Governor TO SECRETARY of State.

6th March, 1923.

Enclos- ure 1. Enclos-

My Lord Duke,

I have the honour to forward for the signification of His Majesty's pleasure the following Ordinance intituled:-

An Ordinance to regulate certain forms of female domestic service, No. 1

of 1923*.

2. The customary report by the Attorney General is attached. I enclose also the Hansard report of the proceedings in the Legislative Council in connection with the pas- ures 2, 3, sage of the bill.

& 4.

3. The Ordinance embodies the instructions contained in Your Grace's telegram of the 24th November, with the modification that all the necessary clauses are included in Part II, with the exception of those which deal with registration and the payment of wages.

4. With reference to Your Grace's telegram of the 9th December, I would refer to the concluding paragraph of my despatch No. 224 of the 10th June last in which I expressed the opinion that it would be unnecessary to take special measures for the pur- pose of accommodating mui-tsai who might desire to leave their employment. The mui- tsai as a class enjoy a standard of comfort and well-being much superior to that obtain- ing in their own homes and there is little likelihood that they will be persuaded against their better judgment to exchange the sheltered security of their present life for the hardships which await them in the world outside. Two weeks have elapsed since the widely advertised passing of the Ordinance, and not one application has yet been made to the Secretary for Chinese Affairs. The methods of dealing with any such applications that may be made hereafter will depend on their number. If they are, as I should ex- pect, very few, each individual case can be dealt with 'adhoc'. If they should be very numerous some comprehensive scheme must be devised but at present it seems that it would be waste of labour to make elaborate arrangements to meet a situation which seems most unlikely to arise.

Enclosure 1 in No. 13.

REPORT ON ORDINANCE No. 1 of 1923.

I have, etc.,

E. STUBBS.

ATTORNEY GENERAL'S CHAMBERS,

Hong Kong, 19th February, 1923.

1. I have examined the accompanying Ordinance intituled An Ordinance to re- gulate certain forms of female domestic service, and I am of opinion that the Ordinance

is one which is not contrary to the Governor's Instructions.

*Not printed.

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2. This Ordinance was introduced on the instructions of the Secretary of State, and is an attempt to deal with the mui-tsai problem. It follows closely the terms of the Secretary of State's telegram of the 24th November, 1922.

3. Section 2 is declaratory. Payment to a parent or guardian by an employer who thereby obtains the custody of the child has never in this Colony conferred any rights upon such employer as against the parent or guardian, and has never conferred on such employer any right of retaining possession as against the child herself, but many persons have ignorantly imagined that such rights could be transferred.

4. Broadly speaking, a mui-tsai is defined as a female domestic servant whose em- ployer obtained her services by means of a payment to any one. Paragraph (ii) of the definition is intended, to cover two cases. One is the case where a girl has been trans- ferred by one employer to another, and the second is the case where an employer has died and the care of the household has devolved on, e.g., his son or widow.

5. Section 4 provides that no person shall hereafter take into his employment any mui-tsai. This of course will not prevent any one from employing under an ordinary con- tract for service a girl who was formerly employed as a mui-tsai.

6. Section 5 provides that no person shall hereafter take into his employment any female domestic servant under the age of 10 years. This is intended to prevent evasion, as in the case of a child under 10 it might be difficult to prove that she was a mui-tsai.

7. Section 6. deals with the treatment of mui-tsai. It provides that no employer of a mui tsai shall overwork or illtreat such mui-tsai or subject her to any punishment to which he might not reasonably subject his own daughter. It also requires the employer to provide sufficient food and clothing, and in case of illness, such medical attendance as the employer might reasonably have been expected to provide for his own daughter.

8. Section 7 was introduced on the motion of an unofficial member. It is intended to emphasise the seriousness of cruelty and to ensure the infliction of an adequate penalty for gross cruelty.

9. Section 8 was also introduced on the motion of an unofficial member. It seems scarcely necessary. Apparently its object is to remind the public of the penal provisions of the two Ordinances referred to.

10. Part of the policy of the Ordinance is to prevent transfers of mui-tsai from the employer to another. It is, however, obviously necessary to provide for the case of the death of an employer, and, in that event, the Secretary for Chinese Affairs will under sec- tion 9 have power to make any order which he may think fit regarding the transfer of a mui-tsai to, e.g., the widow of the former employer.

11. Sub-section (2) of section 9 requires every person who becomes the actual em- ployer of a mui-tsai, by reason of the death of the former employer or for any other rea- son, to report such fact within one week.

12. Section 10 provides that every mui-tsai who wishes to be restored to her parents or guardians, and every mui-tsai under the age of 18 whose parents or guardians wishes such mui-tsai to be restored to their custody, shall be so restored, without any pay- ment, unless the Secretary for Chinese Affairs sees some grave objection in the interests of the mui-tsai to such restoration. For instance, he might refuse permission to restore a girl to the custody of a mother who was living an immoral life.

13. Section 11 provides that every mui-tsai shall, as hitherto, have the right to apply to the Secretary for Chinese Affairs, and that upon any such application the Secre- tary for Chinese Affairs may make any order which he may think fit regarding the custody, control, employment and conditions of employment of the mui-tsai.

14. Part III of the bill will not come into operation until such date as may be fixed. by proclamation of the Governor in Council. This is provided in section 17.

15. Section 12 gives a wide power of making regulations.

214

16. Section 13 deals with the question of registration.

17. Sub-section (2) of section 13 provides that every person who has a mui-tsai in his employment in the Colony at the date of the coming into operation of Part III must register such mui-tsai within six months after that date.

18. Sub-section (2) of section 13 provides that every person who at any time has in his employment a mui-tsai brought into the Colony after the date of the coming into operation of Part III must register such mui-tsai within two weeks after her arrival in the Colony.

19. Sub-section (3) of section 13 will enable the Secretary for Chinese Affairs to make it impossible for an undesirable employer to continue to employ any particular mui- tsai as a mui-tsai.

20. Section 14 provides that no person is to have in his employment an unregistered mui-tsai. This of course is subject to the period allowed for registration. It is also subject to the provisions of section 9, referred to above in paragraphs 10 and 11.

21. Section 15 provides that no one is to have in his employment any female do- mestic servant under the age of 10 years unless such servant is a registered mui-tsai. This is intended to prevent evasion, as in the case of section 5.

22. Section 16 provides that every mui-tsai of or over the age of 10 years shall be entitled to such wages as shall be prescribed.

23. Section 18 is the usual penalty clause.

24. Section 19 provides that no prosecution under the Ordinance is to be com- menced without the consent of the Secretary for Chinese Affairs.

25. In my opinion this is an Ordinance to which His Excellency the Governor may properly assent in the name of His Majesty and on His behalf.

J. H. KEMP, Attorney General.

Enclosure 2 in No. 13.

EXTRACT FROM HONG KONG HANSARD. LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL: SITTING of

28TH DECEMBER, 1922.

THE FEMALE DOMESTIC SERVICE ORDINANCE.

وو

THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL-Sir, I beg to move the first reading of a Bill in- tituled, "An Ordinance to regulate certain forms of female domestic service. This Bill is introduced on the instruction of the Secretary of State for the Colonies, and is an attempt to deal with the much-discussed mui-tsai question-a question, perhaps, more dis- cussed than understood. I say that because I think it is only fair to admit at the outset that much of the criticism-though not all-of the custom of employing mui-tsai is con- fused, ignorant and unsympathetic.

I think that the confusion of mind is largely due to the use of the term "slavery" for what is not slavery at all. Mui-tsai are not slaves: the control of the employers is not recognised in any way by law: the girls are members of the family, though humble members of it and Chinese custom recognises certain obligations of the employer to- wards the mui-tsai. It is impossible, of course, to argue this point now, and I have no desire to do so, but perhaps I may be allowed to give one illustration that came under my notice the other day. In a recent murder case at the Criminal Sessions one of the wit- nesses was a little girl of about 13; she was bright, intelligent, well-clothed, obviously

215

well-fed, and she gave her evidence clearly and intelligently except that she very nearly broke down two or three times in speaking of her mother, the murdered woman.

It was only nearly at the end of the case for the Crown that we discovered--what none of the police or Court officials had known till then that the girl was not the daughter of the murdered woman at all, but a mui-tsai. She had referred to the woman throughout as her "mother". I think that class of incident would rather surprise some of the critics of the custom. It would also surprise them to know that our Chinese servants at any rate in some cases-apply the term "mui-isa" to some European members of our house- holds who have important and honourable duties in connection with the upbringing of our children. The fact that Chinese apply the term to persons of that class shows that the word cannot have for them the connotation of "slavery" as so many critics of the system think.

The criticism, too, I am afraid, has often been ignorant. One well-known society of repute which considered it had a duty to go into the question and advise H. M. Gov- ernment, wrote a formal letter in the belief that there were boy as well as girl mui-tsai -a surprising mistake. Two other societies in addressing themselves formally to the question talked about declaring mui-tsai illegal, evidently ignorant of the fact that mui- tsai is the name of a person and not of a thing. Mistakes of that kind are perhaps only surface mistakes, but I am afraid they do show the existence of a certain type of mind uncritical and rather apt to jump to conclusions without sufficient evidence.

I think that what is more important perhaps than confusion of mind or ignorance of details is lack of sympathy with an alien civilisation. Chinese civilisation has an an- cient and an honourable record, and I, for one, think that in some respects it is superior to our own. I do not say that the custom of employing mui-tsai is one of those points. The social structure of that civilisation is very different from ours, and to embark on the task of changing that social structure, even in one detail, is one that may well cause even the boldest legislators to pause. It is recognised, therefore, that we must go slowly and carefully, and we are anxious to avoid doing any violence to sentiments and customs with which perhaps we are not in entire accord.

The custom of employing mui-tsai has grown up in the course of long years' of adjustment to social and economic conditions and we realise that we incur certain dangers in attempting to deal with that custom. There is a danger that we may lose the quasi- parental control and responsibility which I am sure the better class of employer recog- nises. There is also the danger that we may increase the risks of neglect, kidnapping and prostitution. But when all allowances and apologies are made for ill-informed cri- ticism, and while we acknowledge that the custom of employing mui-tsai is by no means wholly bad and that many of the mui-tsai-I think the majority-are contented with their lot and are fairly well off, and while we recognise the dangers of this legislation, it can- not be denied that the system does lend itself to abuse, and grave abuse, in the hands of evil and unscrupulous persons. Hence this Bill.

The Bill is divided into four parts. Parts I and IV may be called formal or auxi- liary. Part II is intended to come into force as soon as the Bill is passed and the Ordin- . ance is gazetted. Part III is to be postponed and not to come into operation until pro- claimed by the Governor-in-Council. Part II provides that hereafter no one is to take into his employment in the Colony any mui-tsai as a mui-tsai, and Part III provides that all mui-tsai are to be registered, that no one is to employ an unregistered mui-tsai, and that all mui-tsai over a certain age shall be entitled to wages.

Now as regards the details of the Bill. Clause 2 of the Bill is declaratory. Pay- ment by an intending employer to a parent or guardian of a child has never in this Colony conferred any rights whatever on such employer to retain possession of the child. as against the parent, or even to retain possession of the child as against the child itself. The clause, therefore, is simply declaratory of the existing law. Clause 3 is the defini- tion clause. A mui-tsai is defined as a female domestic servant whose employer has. obtained her services by means of a payment. Paragraph (ii.) of the definition is in- tended to cover two cases: one is the case where the girl has been transferred from one employer to another, and the other is the case where the employer has died and the care of the house and the custody of the child has devolved on the widow, the son, or the concubine of the employer.

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Clause 4 is the main clause in Part II of the Bill,-the part which is to come into operation at once. It provides that no person shall hereafter take into his employ- ment any mui-tsai. That, of course, will not prevent anyone taking into his employment. as a hired servant a girl who was formerly a mui-tsai. Clause 5 provides that no em- ployer shall hereafter take into his employment any female domestic servant under the age of ten years. That is intended to prevent evasion because in the case of children under 10 it would be very difficult to prove that they were or were not mui-tsai. Clause 6 provides that every employer of a mui-tsai must provide the girl with sufficient food and clothing and medical attendance in case of illness, and that no employer of a mui-tsai shall overwork or ill-treat a mui-tsai or subject her to any punishment to which he might not reasonably subject his own daughter. That, I think, really expresses a duty already recognised by all good employers, who, as I said before, are in a large majority.

That brings us to Part III of the Bill-the postponed part. Clause 7 gives a power of making regulations. The regulations that are at present proposed have been published in draft with this Bill. They deal with registration and also with notice of the death of the employer of a mui-tsai and with the wages of mui-tsai. Clauses 8 and 9 require re- gistration, and prohibit the employment of unregistered mui-tsai. Part of the policy of the Bill is to prevent transfers of mui-tsai from one employer to another, but it is obvious, of course, that the case of death must be provided for, and section 11, whilst prohibiting transfers, provides that on the death of an employer the Secretary for Chinese Affairs may make any order which he may think fit for the transfer of such mui-tsai to a new employer. No doubt in the ordinary way in the case of death of an employer he would give the child over to the care of the widow if she were a fit and proper person and the conditions of employment were sufficiently good to justify that order. Sub-clause (2) of the clause provides that when any person becomes the actual employer in fact of a mui-tsai owing to death or for any other reason, such new employer must report that fact within one week. Clause 12 provides that every mui-tsai of or over the age of 10 years may leave her employment at any time without any notice and without any payment to any person. That clause again is merely declaratory, as at the present moment such girls have the right to do so. Clause 13 provides that every mui-tsai under the age of 18 who wishes to be restored to her parents, and every mui-tsai under 18 whose parent wishes. the, mui-tsai restored to his or her custody, shall be so restored unless the Secretary for Chinese Affairs sees some grave objection. That clause, too, is largely declaratory, ex- cept that it gives the Secretary for Chinese Affairs a right to enquire into the case in the interests of the girl herself. For example, as I have said in the "Objects and Reasons", he might refuse permission to restore a girl to the custody of a mother who was living an immoral life.

Clause 14 provides that every mui-tsai of or over the age of 12 and under the age of 18 shall have the right to apply to the Secretary for Chinese Affairs and upon such application the Secretary for Chinese Affairs may make any order he may think fit in re- gard to the custody, control, employment and conditions of employment of the applicant. That is largely declaratory, too, because, of course, every mui-tsai has that right at present, and no doubt the Secretary for Chinese Affairs will be prepared to listen to any application by a mui-tsai whether she be under 12 or over 18 or between those ages. Clause 15 is the wages clause. The wages proposed are given in Regulation 7 of the Draft Regulations. They may seem small by English standards, but, or course, they must be judged by local standards and in view of local conditions.

I think that is all, Sir that I wish to say as regards the details of the Bill. In conclusion I only wish to say that the Government fully recognises the difficult and deli- cate nature of this legislation and the Secretary of State is prepared to consider care- fully and sympathetically any representations the Chinese community may wish to make before Part III is brought into operation.

carried.

THE COLONIAL TREASURER seconded the first reading of the Bill, which was

217

Enclosure 3 in No. 13.

EXTRACT FROM THE HONG KONG HANSARD. LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL: SITTING OF

8TH FEBRUARY, 1923.

THE MUI-TSAI BILL.

THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL moved the second reading of the Bill intituled, An Ordinance to regulate certain forms of Female Domestic Service.

THE COLONIAL SECRETARY seconded.

HON. MR. H. E. POLLOCK, K.C. said--Your Excellency,─As the Senior Unofficial member of the Legislative Council, I have been asked by my British Colleagues to address this Council on the subject of this Bill. What I am saying, therefore, must be regarded as our joint views. The Senior Chinese Unofficial Member will address the Council on behalf of himself and his Chinese Colleagues. I should add that the Chinese Members of Council concur in and support what I am about to say, and that we British Unofficial Mem- bers also concur in what the Senior Chinese Unofficial Member is about to say on behalf of the Chinese members. We regret to find that a great deal of misunderstanding has gathered round this subject. The mui-tsai system is neither so benevolent as the more extreme of its supporters have sought to maintain, nor, on the other hand, is it so wholly wanting in good points as the opponents of the system would have us believe, and we are content to accept the following language of the Attorney General, in moving the first reading of this Bill-"Many of the mui-tsai-I think the majority—are contented with their lot and are fairly well off.'

We, therefore, start with a system which viewed as a whole, has not worked badly; which has been practised in China for several thousands of years right up to the present time, and which has its root in a superfluity of daughters due to the ancestor wor- ship imposed on a man's oldest son as a filial duty (medical science not yet having dis- covered any means whereby a parent can select the sex of the child whom it is desired to bring into the world.) Whilst, however, we regret to find that the evils of the working of the system have been grossly exaggerated to the detriment of the good name of this Colony, we agree with all the provisions for the protection of mui-tsai from ill-treatment which are contained in the present Government Bill, and are prepared, as will presently appear, to make those provisions against cruelty even stronger than they are at present.

Clause 2 of the Bill is all-important, and may justly be regarded as the charter of freedom of the mui-tsai, for it shatters at one blow the mui-tsai system, as defind by Chin- ese custom, and as it has existed for some thousands of years. The

'certain persons' referred to in that clause as the persons who have "erroneously supposed that the pay- ment of money in return for the transfer of a female child confers certain rights over her" are the three or four hundred millions of Chinese who compose the inhabitants of China.

Clause 6 which provides for the good treatment of mui-tsai is, as far as it goes,. good; but it does not go far enough, and we shall suggest, in Committee, with the view of protecting mui-tsai from gross cruelty the insertion of the following clause :-

"In every prosecution for overwork or ill-treatment of a mui-tsai medical evidence shall be given before the Magistrate trying the case as to the injuries received by such mui-tsai, and the magistrate shall find whether such ill-treatment amounted, in his opinion, to gross cruelty or not".

"In the event of such Magistrate finding that such ill-treatment amounts to gross cruelty, the offender shall not be given the option of paying a fine but shall be sentenced by the Magistrate to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year.

In our view the strict enforcement of such a clause against gross cruelty to mui-tsaï is what is really required, and a few cases of imprisonment with hard labour as a punish- ment for gross cruelty to mui-tsai would, in our opinion, do more to protect them than any

218

amount of legislation. In order to deal with cases of cruelty by parents to their own children, one would naturally look for some tightening up of the laws against cruelty rather than for some legislation prohibiting parents from bringing their children into the Colony after the commencement of the Ordinance.

This brings us to consider clause 4 of this Bill. The Attorney General in seeking to justify the passing of that clause, says--the system lends itself to abuse, and grave abuse, in the hands of evil and unscrupulous person". On this point, I have ascertained that the Attorney General meant to refer, in addition to cruelty, to a possible seduction of mui-tsai by the employer or his family or to her being sold for immoral purposes. Dul, Sir, surely the proper way to meet this latter evil is to put prominently into the forefront of the Bill (as the Unofficial Members propose to do by amendment in Committee) the fact that mui-tsai are entitled to the same protection as are other young girls under the provisions of the Women and Girls' Protection Ordinance, 1897. That Ordinance (the provisions of which, together with the fact that it applies to mui-tsai, should be widely published by the Government) deals in the minutest possible manner, and under very heavy penal- ties including in many cases the punishment of flogging-with traffic in women and girls (sec. 3), procuration of women and girls (sec. 4), defilement and procuring defilement of women and girls (sec. 5, 6 and 9), receiving or harbouring girls for immoral purposes (sec. 18 and 19), rape (sec. 21), and abduction (secs. 22 to 27). And, whilst we are on the question of publication, we would express the hope that means will be taken by the Government to advertise, in the interests of mui-tsai, not only the above provisions of the Women and Girls' Protection Ordinance, but also the provinces of the present Bill, as they cannot be too widely known.

Let us now consider whether clause 4 of the Bill is desirable. As regards this point, the Attorney General has pointed out that there is the danger that in attacking the practice of employing mui-tsai, we may increase the risks of neglect, kidnapping and prostitution. We, therefore, consider that clause 4 is undesirable. Clause of the Bill is also wholly unnecessary, in view of the language of clause 2 of the Bill which completely abolishes the whole system of employment of mui-tsai, as defined by Chinese custom, and entirely eliminates any vestige of proprietorship or quasi-proprietorship in the employer. This aspect of the matter has engaged the most earnest and anxious attention of the Unofficial Members of Council, with the result that they have arrived at the conclusion that it is desirable to alter the language of clauses 12, 13 and 14 of the Bill in Committee so as to make it abundantly clear that any mui-tsai of any age has the rights referred to in those three sections. For the protection of the mui-tsai from evil-disposed persons, it is necessary to insert in clause 12 some words similar in effect to those at the end of clause 13 of the Bill, and it is therefore proposed to move in Committee the insertion between the word "may" and the word "leave" of the following words, namely:-"with the sanction of the Secretary for Chinese Affairs", and to insert the following new paragraph at the end of clause 12:-

"In granting or witholding such sanction, as the case may be, the Secretary for Chinese Affairs shall pay regard solely to the interests and welfare of the mui-tsai.’

Clauses 4 and 5 of the Bill are also, in our opinion, objectionable because, for their effective working, they appear to involve some system of registration. In regard to the question of objection to registration, we desire to associate ourselves entirely with the remarks which will be made presently by the Senior Chinese Member. We feel that it is very easy and simple for Britons, both here and in England, and also for the numerous Chinese in this Colony who do not employ mui-tsai, to adopt a philosophic attitude on such matters, seeing that such registration cannot possibly give them personally the slightest inconvenience. In this connection we are forcibly reminded of the old story of the absentee Irish landlord, who wrote to the Land League as follows:-"If you think that you are going to frighten me by shooting at my Agent, you are very much mistaken. More- over, Sir, in regard to these same matters, we cannot help recollecting that, only about six months ago, when the question came up in this Council of the Europeans of this Colony being compelled to register their names as being able to carry out certain essential duties in the event of a general strike there was so much general opposition raised by the Europeans in this Colony to compulsory registration that the Unofficial Members felt it incumbent upon them to move in this Council that the Bill be withdrawn: and that Bill was withdrawn accordingly. In the face of such a precedent, we think that the Govern- ment cannot consistently insist in this Bill on compulsory registration.

219

Accordingly, the course which the Unofficial Members would now ask the Govern- ment to adopt is as follows:-

(1) To go into Committee of this Council forthwith.

(2) To put clauses 4 and 5 of the Bill into Part III.

(3) To transpose the sections of clauses 6 of the Bill and to re-number it as 4, and to insert two new clauses, to be numbered 5 and 6, for the better protection of mui-tsai.

(4) To put the whole of clause 7 of the Bill with the exception of (1) (a) into

Part II.

(5) To leave Clause 7 (1) (a) and clauses 8, 9 and 10 in Part III. of the Bill. (6) To put clauses 11 to 15 in Part II. of the Bill, subject to certain amend-

ments to clauses 12, 13 and 14, in the interests of the mui-tsai.

(7) To leave clause 16 in Part III. of the Bill.

(8) To pass Part IV. as it is, subject to a slight necessary consequential

amendment at the beginning of clause 17.

(9) To omit clause 19.

In asking Your Excellency to put clauses 4 and 5 into Part III. of the.Bill, we would urge that. in view of the time and trouble spent by the Unofficial Members upon the con- sideration of this Bill, they are at least entitled to have their views on those clauses and on the registration clauses laid before the Secretary of State for the Colonies, before the solid weight of the Official Vote is brought to bear in opposition to the unanimous views of the Unofficial Members. We do not ask for any further or longer delay than is necessary for the above purpose, and in the meantime (in fact, this very day) the other provisions of this Bill which contains all its vital principles will be placed on the statute book of this Colony. There are two vital principles in this Bill and the Unofficial Members of Council accept both of them. The first is the abolition of the mui-tsai system, and this is effected by clause 2 of the Bill, which gives the death-blow to the mui-tsai system as hitherto recognized and practised by Chinese custom.

The second principle is the provision for good treatment of mui-tsai. This is dealt with by clause 6 of the Bill. All of the amendments which the Unofficial Members will move in Committee on this Bill are framed for the purpose of furthering and strengthen- ing the above two vital principles of the Bill and for the protection of mui-tsai.

HON. MR. CHOW SHOU SON-Sir, The Honourable Senior Unofficial Member having expressed the joint views of all the Unofficials, I would, ordinarily, have con- tented myself with merely endorsing his remarks; but in this case my Chinese colleague and I have promised both the supporters and opponents of the Bill to repeat here their respective arguments, and to express our own views on this important subject which so intimately concerns the Chinese. I would, therefore, crave the indulgence of this Hon- ourable Council for so doing.

Since the Bill was read for the first time, meetings have been held by various sections of the Chinese community to discuss it--by the Chinese General Chamber of Com- merce, by the Kaifong at the Tung Wah Hospital, by thirteen Chinese Commercial Unions, the Anti-Muitsai Society, the Y.M.C.A. and Y.W.C.A., and by the Chinese Labour Guilds. Views on the measures have also been enunciated in both the English, and Chinese Press. As representatives of the Chinese Community, the Honourable Mr. Ng and I welcomed such views which have helped us to no small extent in arriving at our own conclusions. The views expressed have resolved themselves into two broad divi- sions one in support of the Bill almost in its entirety with certain amendments designed to strengthen it; the other in opposition to it as it now stands, though recognising that the mui-tsai system has its evils.

Briefly the supporters of the Bill argue that :-

(1) The sale and purchase of human beings is a degrading and inhuman cus- tom. It is tantamount to treating human beings as chattels and beasts, and it encourages kidnapping, licentiousness and other serious abuses.

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(2) Mui-tsai are slaves, because they are deprived of their rights and liberty,

are not paid for their labour, and can be re-sold at any time.

(3) There have been innumerable cases of ill-treatment and neglect of mui- tsai. There have also been some cases of employers seducing their mui- tsai, or selling them for immoral purposes. In all such cases it is very difficult for these girls, owing to their ignorance, to defy their employers. (4) Child-drowning bears no relationship to the mui-tsai system inasmuch as in child-drowning the victim is invariably one or two days old, while girls sold as mui-tsai have generally attained the age of five or six years, an age at which they can be useful to their purchasers.

(5) The argument that the abolition of the system would lead to the starva- tion of a large number of poor children can be met by the argument that when employers lose the services of their mui-tsai they would have to em- ploy paid servant-girls to take their place; and so the daughters of the poor, instead of being sold as chattels, would become paid servants. (6) Mui-tsai keeping is not charity but, on the contrary, tends to encourage selfish and mercenary men to part with their children in order to enable themselves to be more self-indulgent.

(7) To pass a law with the object of merely preventing cruelty would mean the preservation of the poison in the system by neglecting the source of the disease.

At pre-

(8) Registration should not cause undue inconvenience and trouble.

sent, schools, companies, births and deaths, and medical practitioners have to be registered, and no inconvenience has been experienced by the parties concerned.

(9) The system was abolished by law in China towards the end of the Manchu regime, and again at the beginning of the Republic; and if such could be done in so vast a country as China, there is no reason why it should not be done in this small Colony.

(10) Even if there were some flaws in the draft Bill, the proper way would be to point them out in order to have them remedied, instead of asking that the whole Bill be withdrawn.

The arguments of the other side for the withdrawal of the Bill are, roughly, as follows:

(1) Mui-tsai are not slaves, and have never been so regarded in China either by law or by custom. When a mui-tsai is married, she is allowed to look upon the home of her former employer as her own home and is treated as a member of the family.

(2) The lot of the majority of the mui-tsai in Hong Kong is far better than that of the children of poor families in the interior of China, the former being much better fed and clothed. Their parents, if they so wish, are allowed to see them at regular intervals.

(3) Mui-tsai are not always sold; some poor people, having too many children and being unable to support them all, may present some to well-to-do families in order to enable them to be properly brought up and married off.

(4) It can truthfully be said that about ninety or even ninety-five per cent. of the mui-tsai in Hong Kong are well-treated. Those employers who overwork or otherwise ill-treat their mui-tsai would not be deterred by re- gistration, and the only remedy would seem to be imprisonment without the option of a fine in case of gross cruelty. If there are cases of ill- treatment of mui-tsai there are also cases of ill-treatment of one's own children; a cruel hearted person in a rage loses the sense of discrimina- tion. Ill-treatment of children is not the fault of a system, but of in- dividuals. The illustration that to take measure merely for preventing cruelty to mui-tsai, without abolishing the system, resembles leaving the

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poison in the system, is not as convincing as the one that to get rid of a boil on the head one does not cut off the head.

(5) Before the Bill, with its present irksome provisions, becomes law, some people may send their mui-tsai to the interior to be sold, or given away. or kept with friends. With the already over-populated state of the coun- try, the condition of the mui-tsai would become worse, as a direct out- come of the legislation.

(6) If mui-tsai of or over the age of eighteen are suddenly released from con- trol, when control is more than ever desirable, they may misuse their freedom in all sorts of ways; and so to free them would in reality mean the removal of necessary and salutary control.

(7) The abolition of mui-tsai would not do away with kidnapping of children.

but, on the contrary, would increase the sale of girls to evil-disposed per sons as "daughters". These girls are brought up as "daughters" without being required to do.domestic work; some with such tender care that their hands are not exposed to hard labour in order not to coarsen them! The object is obvious.

(8) If the Bill is passed, the Government will be faced with the stupendous task of finding accommodation or employment for the large number of mui-tsai who may seek emancipation, or whose employers may voluntarily surrender them to the Government. If the Government does not take charge of all these girls, they must perforce make their employers con- tinue to keep them. Thus, whatever may be the change in the name of the mui-tsai, they can have no change in their position, and it may further be said that they are kept in such a position with the approval or even the authority of the Government.

(9) To enforce the provisions of the Bill particularly that part relating to in- spection and registration. means the employment of a large army of in- spectors and detectives for domiciliary visits, and for inspection work upon the arrival and departure of all the trains and steamers which bring in and take out thousands of people every day. This would be costly to the Government, and vexatious to the people.

These, Sir, are the views of those who ask for the withdrawal of the Bill. There is, besides, another section of the Chinese Community who, while advocating the ulti- mate abolition of the mui-tsai system, consider that the time is not yet, and in any case strongly deprecate registration. Now, I have given, to the best of my ability, the argu- ments put forward by the various parties, for and against the measure. The English Secre- tary of the Anti-Muitsai Society has also sent me a letter giving a gist of the views of his Executive Committee on the Bill, which I have handed to the Honourable the learned At- torney-General for his consideration. I am, however, asked to say here that what they recommend constitutes the irreducible minimum. In effect, they support the Bill, with cer- tain proposed amendments which, they consider, should strengthen it. My Chinese col- league and I have also received from the Chinese Labour Unions, the Chinese Y.M.C.A. and Y.W.C.A., the Chinese Christian Union, and the Chinese General Chamber of Com- merce written representations which we have likewise turned over to the Government.

Having divested myself of the task imposed upon me by the two sides, of restating their opinions here, I will endeavour to express the views of my Chinese colleague and myself. We feel that where there is a divergence of opinion it is not enough for a mem- ber of this Honourable Council merely to express the views, however impartially, of the people whom he represents. He should also weigh the value of the conflicting arguments. endeavour to unravel the web of confusion woven by the disputation, and form his own judgment. In expressing our Own conclusion-our honest convictions-it would be necessary for me to go over some of the grounds already traversed, but I know I can count upon a patient hearing. The crux of the matter seems to us to be whether a mui- tsai is a slave or not. If she is, we should not tolerate the system for even one day longer in this Colony; but this point is disposed of by clause 2 of the Bill. Still, in spite of such a definite pronouncement from the Government, we cannot get away from the fact that cases of cruelty have from time to time come to light. We therefore consider that the mui-tsai need special protection by the Government. While I abhor cruelty to children

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and consider a fine, however heavy, totally inadequate for offenders, I agree with those who hold that the present Bill would not deter the small number of people, who are by nature cruel, from ill-treating their mui-tsai. For such people I advocate a long term of imprisonment with hard labour. I strongly deprecate, as do all my Honourable Unoffi- cial colleagues, the introduction of registration. Endless inconvenience and trouble would be caused to the people by requiring them to register their mui-tsai, to report any change of address, and wherever they leave the Colony with a mui-tsai, even temporarily. I do not agree with the supporters of the Bill that registration in this case would not cause un- due inconvenience, judging by the smooth working of the laws governing the registration of births, schools, companies, and medical practitioners. This is arguing on totally wrong premises. A little thought will convince any impartial person that it is one thing to have, for instance, a birth or a school registered, and quite another to have to report every in- tended removal of a mui-tsai from the Colony, even temporarily, and every change of address of the mui-tsai or of the employer. Further, according to the Bill, the employer, whatever his station in life, has to take out an identification ticket, as if (to use the words of a Chinese gentleman) he were a discharged convict who has periodically to report himself to the police. Moreover, registration in this case, if it is to be effective, would necessitate domiciliary visits, which would open a door to all sorts of abuses, such as bribery, thieves masquerading as detectives to gain admission into houses and interference with the privacy of the home; a thing repugnant to all free men. Registration of mui- tsai will not prevent their maltreatment any more than registration of shop-fokis will pre- vent thefts and embezzlements. Rather than have this registration law imposed on them, the employers of mui-tsai would sooner give them up at once, either to the Government or to such institutions as the Government would name. This would mean that the Govern- ment has to provide accommodation and find employment for the mui-tsai of whom there are about ten thousand in the Colony. As a correspondent to the Chinese General Cham- ber of Commerce has said, there are unfortunately very few foundling houses in Hong Kong or in China, and so the present homes of the mui-tsai constitute a sort of foundling houses for them, otherwise a large number of them would have been drowned by their parents or starved to death.

Hong Kong is so bound up with Canton, geographically and economically, that to stop the employment of mui-tsai after the Bill becomes law as prescribed by clause 4 would be impracticable unless China acts likewise. I am of the humble opinion that no real im- provement of any time-honoured social custom can be effected by sudden and violent change. The mui-tsai system has been in existence for thousands of years, having grown up under the economic condition of life. The wide publicity that has recently been given to the question should help materially to bring about the attainment of this object. The best method to this end would seem to be a gradual and careful education of public opinion.

The Anti-Muitsai Society and the "Protection" Society can assist in the carrying out of the present Bill by having all mui-tsai informed of their status as declared in clause 2, and of their right to report at once to the Government in case they are ill-treated; and also by advising employers to treat their mui-tsai well, otherwise they would be punished severely. It should be remembered, as analogous to this matter that the foot-binding practice which had been in existence in China for nearly two thousand years, and which was, as recently as twenty-five years ago, tenaciously clung to by the people, was event- ually abolished, not by legal enactments but by gradual pressure of enlightened public opinion, until we see to-day middle-aged dames and young girls, instead of being carried on the backs of amahs, merrily tripping about in the streets in short skirts and high- heeled shoes, just like their Western sisters. What has happened to foot-binding should happen to the custom of keeping mui-tsai.

Let me now recapitulate the views of my Chinese colleague and myself, which, I think I can say, are also the views of my other Unofficial colleagues, namely, that to make illegal the engagement of mui-tsai in Hong Kong at this juncture would be impracticable, that, as a preventive of ill-treatment of mui-tsai, persons guilty of gross cruelty should be sent to prison for a long term with hard labour. It has been a source of regret to me that, while the case for stopping the employment of mui-tsai has been so ably and widely presented, those who are in favour of retaining the system for the present, with certain radical improvements in their position, have, until only quite recently remained, almost inarticulate. I say this because I wish that both sides had had an equal chance of pre- senting their respective cases to the Secretary of State. Those in favour of the Bill have

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undoubtedly been actuated by generous motives and lofty ideals, but I am afraid that their burning zeal has not permitted them to study the problem with that calmness and impartiality which the importance of the subject demands. I do not keep, and have never kept, any mui-tsai, but this does not blind me to the unwisdom of trying to sweep away in a day the custom with its good points. My Chinese colleague and I have given this grave problem much careful and anxious thought; and, while we recognise that there is much to be said for the arguments adduced by both sides, we have felt it our bounden duty to state, as I have done, the conclusions we have arrived at, without fear or favour. It remains for us to signify our support to the amendments which will be moved in committee by the Honourable Senior Unofficial Member.

H.E. THE GOVERNOR-Gentlemen. Before we pass on to the next stage of the Bill I desire to make a few general remarks on the subject. I should like, in the first place, to make it perfectly clear that I dissociate myself entirely from the venomous at- tacks which have been made on the whole Chinese population of this Colony by ignorant persons at Home who seem to assume that because a system is liable to abuse it is there- fore essentially bad. At the same time, I think it must be admitted that there is, from the Western point of view, a strong case against the maintenance of a system which, to the unsubtle Western mind, is very difficult to distinguish from slavery owing to the passing of money and the acquisition of services which are subsequently unpaid. The arguments which have been brought forward with regard to the general contentment of the mui-tsai and the general excellence of the system, may very likely be perfectly correct.

I have very little doubt that many of the statements, that ninety per cent. of the statements are correct. But if any hon. member will take the trouble to read up the literature of the early part of the nineteenth century he will find in numerous pamphlets of West Indies' societies precisely the same arguments, reproduced in almost exactly the same words, as to the rare occurrence of cases of ill-treatment amongst negro slaves. These argu- ments were not allowed to stand in the way of the abolition of the system of slavery in the British Colonies, and I fear that it is impossible to allow arguments of the same kind to stand in the way of the abolition of a system of keeping mui-tsai in Hong Kong. The hon. member who spoke on behalf of all the unofficial members commented on the re- ference to "certain persons" who had "erroneously supposed" certain things, in Clause 2 of the Bill and he suggested that those "certain persons" who had made erroneous sup- positions were all the 300 or 400 million inhabitants of China. It seems to me that it may conceivably be the case, that these three or four hundred millions had an erroneous impression. As we have heard here to-day, the system was declard to be unlawful under the Manchu Dynasty and subsequently, in the time of the first Republic, and I am not quite clear, therefore, that they had good grounds for their belief, but I should like to make a strong point that we are not legislating for the 400 millions of China but for the 600,000 odd inhabitants of a British Colony. This is a matter which must be decided-- with all the regard to Chinese sentiment and prejudice on the principles of British law and the sentiments of a British community. The main point of the Bill is that the system of keeping mui-tsai must be abolished. On that point, I have definite instructions from the Secretary of State who represents the British Government and the British people. There can be no compromise on that point; the system must be abolished, and if the sys- tem is to be abolished I can see no reason why you should not say so. For that reason I think it is necessary-in fact essential-to keep Clause 4 in the Bill, but I am quite pre- pared to accept any alternative form of words which will convey the same impression. But there can be no compromise on this point: that hereafter no person can be allowed to take a mui-tsai into his employment in British territory.

The matter of registration is, to my mind, not of the first importance. The Secre- tary of State has expressed his readiness to listen to any arguments against the imposi- tion of registration in these matters and will, no doubt, weigh very carefully what has been said by the hon. senior Chinese member in deciding what instructions he shall give with regard to bringing into force what may be called the reserved portion of the Bill, that is the part of the Bill that is to be brought into force by proclamation. With re- gard to the other minor amendments of the hon. member. Mr. Pollock, I think many of them may with advantage be adopted and I should like to say now that I am much obliged to the hon. member-although I cannot agree with his views in some instances- for the trouble which he has taken in endeavouring to get this Bill into the best possible shape so that it may serve its object of protecting the interests of mui-tsai, while causing the least possible friction and difficulty. The remaining points raised may be dealt with more suitably on the individual clauses of the Bill as they arise. It is proposed and seconded that the Bill be read a second time.

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The second reading of the Bill was then carried.

THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL moved that the Council go into Committee to con- sider the Bill clause by clause.

The COLONIAL SECRETARY seconded, and this was agreed to.

The Council accordingly went into committee.

HON. MR. H. E. POLLOCK-I beg to move an amendment in Clause 2 to make it direct and to run as follows:-

"It is hereby declared and enacted that no payment of money to the parents, or the guardians, or the employer of a female child, such payment purporting to be in return for the transfer of the child, confers upon any person any right of property in the child, or the right to retain possession or custody or control of the child, either as against the child's parent, guardian, or employer, or as against the child herself."

In support of this amendment Sir, I. would say that it seems to me a far more direct and definite statement of what you mean to effect than the present declarations Clause 2, which begins in a round-about sort of way, "Whereas certain persons have erroneously supposed" etc. You Excellency has stated that the certain persons cannot possibly refer to the 300,000,000 to 400,000,000 people living in China, but they must be restricted to the 600,000 Chinese in this Colony. But, Sir, I would beg leave to point out, with deference, that this is not so, because the number of mui-tsai who are acquir- ed in Hong Kong are a very trifling percentage indeed. The mui-tsai who have found their way to Hong Kong come from outside, within the vast Empire of China itself which is subject, as we know, to such very severe and distressing economic conditions, with famine prevalent in very large areas. With regard, Sir to your observation about the desirability of the present system I must confess I have found it very difficult to apply that observation to the remarks which have been made by myself or by my Chinese colleagues. And, furthermore, Sir, I must have expressed myself very indifferently if you have not apprehended the fact that my whole contention is that Clause 2 of this Bill abolutely shatters the mui-tsai system as it hitherto existed; that it brings it to an end completely; that it does away with any possibility of its being represented either as a servile condition or as a proprietary condition. And the amendments which I shall ask your Excellency to make by and by in Clause 12 of this Bill will make the point even stronger, perhaps, than it is at present. I do not say that the system as it has existed hitherto is satisfactory. If I thought it were satisfactory I should oppose this Bill in toto. I do not do that nor do my honourable colleagues. We realise that a con- siderable part of this measure is desirable in the interests of, and the protection of, mui- tsai. We certainly do not contend that this measure, treating it as a whole, is either unnecessary or undesirable. Your Excellency has referred, incidentally, to certain law which are stated to have been passed in China. But I can say, Sir, that from all I learn, these laws are no more carried into force and are of no more use than are the laws for the suppression of opium in China, and therefore I think we may treat them as a nega- tive quantity. I think it necessary to say that, because I want to make the position of the unofficial members of this Council perfectly clear. That is all I have to say on Clause 2 of the Bill. I again urge that it is far more emphatic and far more direct to say that "it is hereby declared and enacted," instead of trying to refer to erroneous suppositions of certain persons with reference to the mui-tsai system. I do not think, Sir, it is an erroneous supposition. I believe the custom of China is that the payment of money does confer certain rights for a period of years,-at all events till the girl attains the age of eighteen years, the marriageable age. I do not think it is at all incorrect. It is not an erroneous supposition; it is a true supposition. The Chinese custom, as I understand it, undoubtedly is that the payment of money does confer certain rights on the person who pays that money. I cannot see any good or any advantage to be got by saying that peo- ple erroneously suppose a thing, when, as I understand the position, they do not errone- ously suppose the thing at all. That is all I have to say, Sir, with regard to my amend- ment as to Clause 2.

THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL-One appreciates the desire to make this clause more direct and arresting, but I think the omission of the preamble obscures one very import- ant point, namely, that the clause does not make any change in the law whatever; for the payment of money in return for obtaining the possession of a child has never, in

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Hong Kong, conferred any rights whatever on the purchaser. I must confess I am rather surprised to hear the hon. member question the correctness of the preamble and suggest that it is not an erroneous supposition at all and that payment does confer rights. We are speaking, Sir, in this clause of English law, Hong Kong law, and whether the rights may be in China they do not concern us. It is undoubtedly an erroneous supposition that payment of money for a child confers, or has ever conferred, any rights on the pur- chaser, and I think it is important to keep the preamble in this clause to make that point quite clear.

H.E. THE GOVERNOR-I think the hon. member's objection will be met if we cut the word "erroneously" which means nothing very important from my point of view, but seems to be a great deal from the hon. member's point of view. There is no question, I think, that certain persons have made this erroneous supposition.

HON. MR. HOLYOAK-Is is not very important that we should at this juncture protest in the most vigorous and comprehensive terms against the erroneous charges level- led against us in the Press of England?-greatly exaggerated and largely untrue charges. I found, as no doubt you did, Sir, when at Home in the past few months, constant re- ferences to "Hong Kong slavery" and even to an open slave market-statements which were as preposterous in conception as they were untrue in fact. It is due to the Colony and the good Government of the Colony that these base insinuations and positive misre- presentations of the truth should be contested in the most vigorous form. Therefore I wholly agree with your Excellency that the term "erroneous" whether it is employed in the Bill or not does convey the conviction of this Council with regard to public opinion. at Home which has been fostered upon gross misrepresentations of the truth.

H.E. THE GOVERNOR--The "erroneous supposers" are the Chinese who paid money for mui-tsai.

THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL-And the Europeans who imagined that the sale of human beings was recognised here by English law: they made the same erroneous supposi- tion and they have called upon us to change the law, when, as a matter of fact, there is no need to change the law, because the law has never recognised any rights whatever.

HON. MR. POLLOCK-I am afraid members of Parliament do not recognise them- selves as my friend does as "certain persons".

H.E. THE GOVERNOR-I confess I did not either. What the Hon. Mr. Holyoak has said makes me think it wise to retain the word "erroneously" and I think it must remove the objections of the Hon. Mr. Pollock. There is no question that the opinions of members of Parliament and others at Home to whom he referred were 'erroneous"

HON. MR. POLLOCK did not press his amendment, and it was agreed that clause 2 should stand part of the Bill.

ment.

HON. MR. POLLOCK-With regard to Clauses 4 and 5 I have to move an amend- That Clauses 4 and 5 be removed into part 3 of the present Bill. As I have al- ready explained, Sir, in my opening speech, the unofficial members of Council have spent a considerable amount of time on this Bill. As regards myself it would be more cor- rect to say that I have spent days than hours on this measure and the construction there- of. And the conclusion the unofficial members have come to on this Bill is that these Clauses 4 and 5 are undesirable, unnecessary, and unworkable, but Sir, whether we are right or wrong in our views, we think we have the right to demand that our views on Clauses 4 and 5 should be submitted to the Secretary of State for the Colonies before these clauses are rammed through this Council against the unanimous wishes of the un- official members by use of the official vote. Your Excellency has stated that Clauses 4 and 5 must be passed as they stand, because of the instructions received from the Secre- tary of State. It seems to me to be imputing an extraordinarily autocratic temperament to that high official to suppose that he desires these instructions to be carried out immedi- ately, instead of with the delay of two of three months only, and I think, Sir, that such a supposition is extraordinarily uncomplimentary to our own Secretary of State. I cannot imagine, Sir, that he has any desire excepting to find out what the views of this Coun- cil are on this measure, because to suppose anything else would be to suppose that he intends to turn this Council and its deliberations into a positive farce. I have before me now, Sir, a telegram from London on December 13th in which the Duke of Devonshire,

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speaking at the Nigeria Club dinner, said he wished the Colonies to regard him not merely as head of the office, but also as a friend. Well, Sir, in view of that statement of the Duke of Devonshire, I can hardly suppose that he intended by anticipation to absolutely preclude and bar himself from considering any reasoned opinions made by the unofficial members of the Council with regard to any measure brought before it. He also makes a statement to the effect that he will not interfere with the man on the spot. Well, Sir, I think the unofficial members of the Council can claim to be more than one man, and it is an interference with them. It is also, Sir, if the Head of the Colony is intended- an interference with the Governor of the Colony to say not merely that he wishes a cer- tain measure to be passed but that he will not receive from the Governor any expression of opinion in Council, but insists upon a certain course of action being taken entirely with- out any reference to that opinion. I now, Sir, have to formally move as an amendment, that Clauses 4 and 5 be put into Part 3 of this Bill, and upon this point I feel so strongly the disrespect that is being shown to the considered opinions of the unofficial members of this Council on the subject, I shall have to press for a division.

H.E. THE GOVERNOR-I trust that in his last sentence the hon. member is not referring to me as showing disrespect to the views of the Council. It is the last thing I desire to do, but in this matter, I have, as I have already stated, very definite in- structions. The hon. member has read certain extracts from a telegram relating to what the Duke of Devonshire said after a lunch on a certain occasion. I have a telegram here, dated shortly before that time, in which he says he con- siders this law should be passed without further delay, on the following lines: Declaration that payment in respect of a child confers no rights over the child. Prohibition of the engagement of a mui-tsai from the date of the passing of this Ordin- ance; prohibition of the engagement of a mui-tsai. "In passing a Bill on the above lines there can be no compromise on the first and second provisions, but we will carefully and sympathetically consider any representations the Chinese may wish to make before the proclamation, bringing Part III into force, is issued”. The telegram was sent after the Secretary of State received from here a full statement as to the objections to the Bill raised by the Chinese community-which cover all the ground which has been taken --and it was pointed out to me-I was at home when the telegram conveying these ob- jections was received that the objections put forward were those that the Secretary of State was aware of when his decision was taken. I am positive the Secretary of State has no desire to show any disrespect to the Council and I deprecate the suggestion that because the Secretary of State has prejudged the matter therefore the Council's views will not be considered. It is very rarely that the Secretary of States takes a decisive line of this kind, and in this instance I fear his desire to take the views of the man on the spot has possibly been overruled by his desire to do what he believes to be right and in ac- cordance with British principles. I am clear that the clauses in some shape or form must form part of the Bill and I myself can see no reason why they should not, because it is perfectly clear that the system must end. The hon. member says the system is actually put an end to by Clause 2. In that case why object to say so and prevent recruitment of future mui-tsai? The Secretary of State has expressed his readiness to listen to advice on any of the minor matters of the Bill and, of course, he will pay due attention to what has been said on this subject. Well, now, what is the use of postpon- ing this clause and putting it into Part III? It only means that the abolition of the system will be delayed, possibly for two or three months. It is not to be supposed that the Secretary of State will alter his opinion on the matter and the only practical differ- ence would be that a certain number of persons would be under the impression that they would be at liberty to engage mui-tsai for the next two or three months. Supposing the Secretary of State does alter his opinion, which is most unlikely; it would always be possible to repeal the clause and no harm would be done, except that for a few months no one would be able to obtain a mui-tsai, and that the hon. member agrees would be desir- able. We do not wish people to engage further mui-tsai and I think the more difficult we make it for them the greater the advantage to the community. I am extremely sorry to differ from the hon. member but I feel the clause in some form or other must be included in some part of the Bill which comes into immediate operation. I am quite willing to consider any suggestions for change in the wording.

HON. MR. POLLOCK-Here is a clause which must be passed. I don't see where we shall benefit ourselves by trying to adopt another. If you are bound by instructions you are fully bound.

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H.E. THE GOVERNOR-I am bound by instructions to introduce some clause which will have this effect.

HON. MR. POLLOCK-I don't think you have quite comprehended the point of the Unofficials, which is that it is absolutely impossible after this Bill has been passed to em- ploy mui-tsai-in the old sense of mui-tsai-at all. It almost wants a new term to des- cribe them.

H.E. THE GOVERNOR-In that case the clause is entirely harmless. If there will be no such person there can be no harm in saying she cannot be employed.

HON. MR. POLLOCK-But there will be persons claiming to be identified as mui- tsai and the effect of passing this clause is that after this you will have two forms—the legal and the illegal form of mui-tsai. You will have endless disputes and enquiries as to whether the person is of the legal or illegal standing. Further it will mean that every single, young Chinese girl coming to the Colony will be under suspicion as a potential suspected mui-tsai. I do not know how many inspectors you will want, but you will re- quire hundreds.

I would ask for a division to be taken on this amendment.

HON. MR. CHOW SHOU-SON seconded the amendment and on a division all the Un- official members voted for the amendment and all the Official members against. The amendment was thus rejected.

HON. MR. POLLOCK moved that clause 6 be transposed so that sub-section 2 became sub-section 1 and vice versa. He thought this a better order.

THE ATTORNEY GENERAL-I see no objection.

The amendment was agreed to.

HON. MR. POLLOCK-moved that a new clause be inserted after clause 6 to run as follows:-

"In every prosecution for overwork or ill-treatment of a mui-tsai medical evidence shall be given before the Magistrate trying the case as to the injuries receiv- ed by such mui-tsai, and the Magistrate shall find whether such ill-treatment amounted in his opinion, to gross cruelty or not".

THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL intimated that he had no objection and the new clause was agreed to.

HON. MR. POLLOCK moved a further clause-clause 8-as follows: "The pro- visions of the Protection of Women and Girls Ordinance, 1897, and of the Offences against the Person Ordinance, 1865 shall, as hitherto, apply to and include mui-tsai."

H.E. THE GOVERNOR-Is there any object in that?

HON. MR. POLLOCK-The point is as I explained in my speech, especially with regard to the first named Ordinance, that it should be fully realised what the provisions of that Ordinance are and the heavy punishments, including in some cases the penalty of flogging. I think it is very desirable that that should be widely known and that it cer- tainly does apply to mui-tsai. The Offences against the Person Ordinance covers every- thing from common assault to murder or attempted murder. It is very desirable, when dealing with mui-tsai, to call attention to these measures in an Ordinance which will be translated into Chinese and let people know that there are such laws, and that their pro- visions are very stringent. It is just a sort of reminder.

THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL-I do not see any great objection except that I do not think it is necessary. The same object might be attained by some form of advertise-

It seems rather unnecessary to state that a law-already passed-is in force.

ment.

228

H.E. THE GOVERNOR-And it may convey a suggestion that laws not specifically mentioned do not apply.

The amendment was carried.

THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL suggested that the earlier Ordinance should be men- tioned first.

This was agreed to.

It was agreed to transfer the whole of clause 7 into Part III of the Bill.

HON. MR. POLLOCK-There might seem to be some conflict between clause 12 and clause 2 if we do not substitute the words "any age".

H.E. THE GOVERNOR-Leave out "any age" and say "any mui-tsai'' may with the sanction of the Secretary for Chinese Affairs.

HON. MR. POLLOCK-My reason is this that it would not do for a mui-tsai as it were to walk out of doors without any protection at all. There must be some sanction- ing authority and the proper one would be the Secretary for Chinese Affairs.

H.E. THE GOVERNOR-The point is not without difficulty.

-The point is not without difficulty. We have declared that the payment of a sum of money confers no right of property. Now if one of these mui-tsai, being of ripe age, says "I intend to leave my employer and the views of the Secretary for Chinese Affairs do not interest me", what is to be done?

HON. MR. HOLYOAK-Has any estimate been formed of the increase of Secretarial staff made necessary by the Bill?

H.E. THE GOVERNOR-You may take it there has been no estimate made by any one in authority.

HON. MR. HOLYOAK-I think we shall have to very materially increase the staff.

H.E. THE GOVERNOR-Well, I have my opinion.

HON. MR. POLLOCK-I rather differ from my hon. friend. I think, as a matter of fact, the vast majority of mui-tsai will be content to remain where they are.

I ap- preciate the difficulties pointed out; the only trouble is that there must be some authority.

H.E. THE GOVERNOR-To do what?

HON. MR. POLLOCK-To control in some way.

H.E. THE GOVERNOR-When does a Chinese girl arrive at years of discretion? -(Laughter).

HON. MR. CHOW SHOU-SON-That is putting a big question. Eighteen years is not the age of discretion; that is the worst age.--(Laughter).

H.E. THE GOVERNOR-Do you think the clause would be improved if we sub- stituted, say, 21? (To Hon. Mr. Hallifax): Has the matter come before you?

THE SECRETARY FOR CHINESE AFFAIRS-No, Sir.

HON. MR. POLLOCK-I am quite prepared to leave the words out. It occurs to me that it is a very short general statement of the rights of mui-tsai. Any mui-tsai may leave her employment at any time whatever without payment.

The Committee then discussed transferring various clauses to other parts of the Bill from those in which they appeared. It was agreed that these changes would neces- sitate reprinting the Bill and at this stage it was decided to adjourn and to resume the Committee stage at the next meeting.

229

The Council then resumed in order to adjourn its proceedings until 2.30 p.m. on Thursday, February 15th.

Enclosure 4 in No. 13.

EXTRACT FROM THE HONG KONG HANSARD.

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL: SITTING OF

15TH FEBRUARY, 1923.

THE MUI-TSAI BILL.

The Council went into Committee to resume discussion of the Bill intituled, An Ordinance to regulate certain forms of female domestic service.

On the motion of the ATTORNEY-GENERAL verbal amendments were made in several clauses.

H.E. THE GOVERNOR-Does any hon. member desire to raise any further ques- tion in the Committee stage of the Bill?

No hon. member intimating any desire to do so, H.E. THE GOVERNOR proposed that the Bill be reported to the Council and the Council then resumed.

THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL moved and the COLONIAL SECRETARY seconded the third reading of the Bill.

H.E. THE GOVERNOR-Does any hon. member desire to address the Council?

HON. MR. P. H. HOLYOAK-Your Excellency, I crave your permission to dilate somewhat more at length on the remarks which I made in the Committee stage of the Bill at the last meeting of the Council, namely, on the gross misrepresentations of fact which have been made almost throughout the public press at Home, in what I can un- hesitatingly describe as a malicious campaign of propaganda,-whether for political purposes or otherwise I know not; but I do know that statements have been made quite publicly at home in connection with this subject which ought not to remain unchallen- ged by this honourable Council in defence of the fair name of the Colony and the good government which it represents. If the statements of wholesale slavery and of the sell- ing of slaves were as true as they have been depicted, then, Sir, I think there is little doubt that it would stand for a judgment not only upon each successive Governor of the Colony who has allowed it to remain but upon the British people of the Colony who have lived under it for the last 70 years. I am not concerned, however, in discussing in detail the subject of mui-tsai. I have voted already for the first reading of the Bill and I am prepared to vote for its final stages, principally because it adds to the annals of the Colony and the laws of the Colony, an Ordinance which is in keeping with other Ordinances of the British Realm. For my own part I do feel sincerely that in a large degree it was perhaps unnecessary because, in practice and in spirit, officially and otherwise, the practice has never received official sanction from beginning to end in the history of the Colony and therefore it seems unnecessary to legislate on the subject. Nor would it have been necessary but for the gross misrepresentation in an agitation representing a somewhat horrible state of affairs which, in fact, does not exist in practice and in the experience of those of us who have lived very many years in this Colony and who know somewhat of the inside of Chinese affairs. I do not think the situation of the mui-tsai in a Chinese household differs so very largely in actual practice from that of a similar practice obtaining at home of adopting an orphan from one of the many orphanages and using her as a domestic assistant and providing her with home, food and clothing. Nor do I think that the ill-treatment which has been so largely described to us is any more widely-spread than that revealed in the ordinary practice of a Magistrate's Court in any large town in England. It is because I have so recently come from home and be- cause both from press and platform and even from pulpit one has heard such atrocious. mis-statements of fact that I feel they cannot be passed without challenge by this Coun- eil, affecting as they do the reputation of the Council and the reputation of the Colony.

230

For that reason I venture to raise my voice in the very strongest protest against such being accepted as facts by the Secretary of State for the Colonies. If it were a fact that slaves were openly bought and sold as depicted in the Press at Home, would not the British Colony itself have compelled such a state of affairs to be attended to? If it were a purchase and sale of slaves as depicted, would not the pressure of public opinion in this Colony have forced legislation long ago? But for the fact that certain persons, with a not very wide knowledge of the subject, ventured at Home, for purposes of pro- paganda, and partly for political propaganda, grossly to mis-state the facts for their own ends, the subject would never have been raised at all. It is because of these facts that I desire in the name of the Unofficial Members of this Council to protest against state- ments which have been made widely and publicly at home both by the Press and by cer- tain individuals which are a slur upon the good name and Government of this Colony, which are without foundation in fact and malicious in character.

HON. MR. E. V. D. PARR-I desire to support in the strongest possible manner the remarks that the hon. member for the Chamber of Commerce has made in protest against the exaggerated absurdities that have appeared in the Home Press upon this sub- ject. As an instance I would mention that when I was at Home some two years ago I visited some relations at a well-known English watering place and accompanied them to the Parish Church. The good Vicar who preached-apropos of nothing that I could see-began inveighing against the British Colony of Hong Kong for selling Chinese girls in the public market place. "These are not Angles", he said, "but angles". I need not say, I took the first occasion to put the reverend gentleman right on the facts as we know them here and he told me that he had obtained his facts and figures from the public Press at Home and that he would correct the mis- statements that he had made to his congregation on the following Sunday. It has not heen usual since I have had the honour of being a member of this Council for the Un- officials to address the Council on the third reading of a Bill, but I do not consider any apology is needed in this instance, and if it serves to give more weight to our protest against those exaggerated absurdities to which we have referred then, I think the end is justified by the means.

HON. MR. A. G. STEPHEN-Your Excellency, I would like to associate myself with the two hon. members who have just spoken in protesting against the imputations. upon the good name of the Colony. In all the speeches made on this Bill the one that struck me as being most à propos was that of the Attorney-General in introducing it. After going through the Objects and Reasons, "damning the Bill with faint praise", he finally reached the impotent conclusion that the measure had to be passed because the system was one which was open to abuse, and grave abuse, at the hands of unscrupulous persons. Well, Sir, he could have said the same about the office he fills with such dis- tinction himself-it is an office that is open to abuse at the hands of unscrupulous persons; and he might have said the same about the position I happen to hold in the Colony: it is distinctly open to abuse in the hands of unscrupulous persons. But what he would have said, I venture to say, if he had been speaking his own mind was this: "We do not think this Bill is any use, but we have got to pass it, because we have been told to." This agita- tion at Home I do not take so seriously as my unofficial colleagues do, because I have seen so often a similar kind of thing before-people seeking cheap advertisement are quite willing to assume that we Englishmen when we come East of Suez leave behind all we ever learned of humanity and charity. When they see an opportunity of gaining some cheap notoriety they will find some tame Member of Parliament to put questions to the Colonial Office and the harassed Secretary of State for the Colonies ultimately decides that the balance of advantage is to get this Government to pass a Bill which will shut the mouths of these stupid bores in Parliament. Many of the races ruled by the British Government in various parts of the world have habits and customs which do not come up to the standard of Exeter Hall, but it has always been our wise policy to leave them alone in that respect unless, of course, those customs are such as to outrage humanity. I should like to have seen the Secretary of State for India, for instance, sending orders to the Viceroy to disturb some of the customs which are far less innocent and far less humane than the mui-tsai system in this Colony. No, they know very well they cannot do that, be cause local opinion is too strong for them. But here, with a Legislative Council that is powerless to oppose the wishes of the Government, they do not scruple, in order to secure peace and quietness at Home, to set aside the wishes of the majority of the people in this Colony. One thing I would say in conclusion is that the support of the Bill came from a most extraordinary combination of bodies: the Chinese Y.M.C.A. and the labour unions.

231

Anyone who knows anything of the inside history of the Colony could say perfectly well that that support of the Bill is-I hesitate to describe it-perhaps it is best to describe it as a fake. There can be nothing in common or in sympathy between the labour unions and the Y.M.C.A. and they join together on this occasion for reasons far different from any consideration for the welfare of mui-tsai.

H.E. THE GOVERNOR-I think Gentlemen, I would rather not say anything further on the subject, except that I desire to associate myself with the Unofficial Members in re- senting the offensive and foul-mouthed libels on the Chinese race which have been a fea- ture of the comments made by the British Press on this subject, instigated thereto by per- sons some of whom I believe have been influenced by genuine philanthropic motives but some of whom it is perfectly clear were actuated only by motives of self-advertisement.

ingly.

The third reading of the Bill was then approved and the measure passed accord-

No. 14.

CONFIDENTIAL DESPATCH FROM GOVERNOR TO SECRETARY OF STATE.

6th March, 1923.

My Lord Duke,

In a numbered despatch of even date I am forwarding to Your Grace for the signification of His Majesty's pleasure the Ordinance "to regulate certain forms of domes- tic service" which has been passed in order to effect the abolition of the mui-tsai system.

2. In my Confidential despatch of January 24th I informed Your Grace that I understood that when the second reading of this measure was brought forward the Unoffi- cial Members of Council would ask for a long adjournment with a view to bringing for- ward counter-proposals and that at the moment of writing I was doubtful as to what would be the wisest policy to adopt if they should do so. As will be seen from the reports of the debates enclosed in my numbered despatch the Unofficial Members changed their minds on this point. Their reason, if my information is correct, was that the Chinese Members felt that if the Government insisted on passing the measure, after they had opposed it, the labour guilds who, as I stated in my previous confidential despatch, were endeavouring to exploit the situation for political purposes, would claim that this was due to their sup- port of the proposed law and that they had therefore won a victory over the representatives of the 'bourgeoisie'.

3. At any rate, whatever the reason may have been, they did not vote against the passing of the bill. There was, as will be seen, a division on the question whether clauses 4 and 5 of the bill which provided that no person should in future take into his employ- ment à mui-tsai or a female domestic servant under ten years of age should be included in the part of the Ordinance which was to come into immediate operation or should be relegated to Part III which is to be brought into force by proclamation.

* * * * *

4. Having Your Grace's instructions that there could be no compromise on this point I decided that I could not accept the motion,

and the question went to a division with the result that all the Unofficial Members voted for the motion and all the Official Members against. In paragraph 2 of my previous despatch I deprecated the use of the official majority in order to pass the Ordinance but in the present case I felt certain that some at least of the Unofficial Members were not really in favour of Mr. Pollock's motion and that if they voted for it it would only be in order to preserve the solidarity of the opposition. I ascertained afterwards that I had correctly diagnosed the situation and that some of those who voted for the motion did not agree with it and shared my inability to understand Mr. Pollock's reasons. I am fully satisfied therefore that the use of the official majority on this occasion has left no ill-feeling behind.

*Not printed.

232

5. The bill was read a third time and passed on the 15th of February and it is therefore now clearly established that no more mui-tsai are to be engaged and that no em- ployer of a girl previously taken as a mui-tsai can exercise any proprietory rights over her.

The only question remaining is with regard to Part III of the Ordinance which deals mainly with the question of registration and the payment of wages. The Ordinance provides that this Part is not to come into operation until such date as may be fixed by proclamation by the Governor in Council.

6. After very careful consideration I am convinced that the introduction of a sys- tem of registration should not be attempted at present. The Chinese have accepted with, on the whole, a very good grace the abolition of a system which has for many generations formed an integral part of their family life, but if registration is imposed upon them I fear that they will take a very different view. Like most Asiatics, the Chinese have a deep-rooted objection to any form of interference with the privacy of their domestic life and I know that the idea of registration which they consider, probably rightly, will even- tually involve some system of inspection, is most repugnant to them. The enforcement of such a measure would therefore be most unpopular.

* *

7. It may, of course, prove to be essential to insist on registration in order to secure the observance of the law. In that case the consequences must be faced but at present the spirit in which the decision to abolish the system has been received leads me to hope that it will not be necessary. I ask at least that the introduction may be deferred. till it is shown to be unavoidable. If the Secretary for Chinese Affairs lets it be known that the introduction of a system of registration depends largely upon the spirit in which the law is observed I have little doubt that the Chinese community will co-operate to make it work successfully. Attempts to evade it by employing new mui-tsai will be discouraged by public opinion, information will be given to the Secretary for Chinese Affairs and one or two successful prosecutions will probably settle the question for good and all.

8. As stated in my public despatch, no mui-tsai have yet expressed the wish to leave their employers and no employers have yet turned their mui-tsai adrift. At present there- fore it looks as if it will not be necessary to take any special steps to provide for girls who have ceased to be employed and that we shall in the future as in the past only have to deal with girls who have been taken from the custody of their employers owing to ill-treatment. For such cases the existing methods and machinery will suffice.

If, however, a system of registration is enforced it is quite possible that employers will deliberately dispense with the services of a large number of girls in order to embar- rass the Government and it would probably be desirable to meet such a move by requir- ing the employers to provide for the maintenance of such girls until they reach a stated age or can be provided for otherwise Obviously, however, it would be undesirable to impose this liability until it is proved to be necessary.

9. The question of the payment of wages which is dealt with in the same part of the Ordinance should also, I now think, be left in abeyance. Now that the girls know that they are at liberty to leave their employers they can if they wish make their own terms for remaining and demand the payment of wages as a condition of doing so. Probably, how- ever, the acceptance of wages would be regarded as reducing them to the status of a paid servant, which they would consider lower than that which they hold at present, and as relieving the employer of the necessity of providing for their marriage so that it is to be anticipated that in the great majority of cases they will prefer to stay where they are on their present footing.

10. The remaining clause of Part III deals with the power of making regulations. Apart from the questions of registration and wages I do not think that any regulations are needed at the present moment since the parts of the Ordinance which are now in opera- tion seem to afford ample protection to the mui-tsai. I suggest therefore that the best course will be to defer bringing Part III of the Ordinance into operation unless and until it is shown to be necessary to do so.

*Not printed.

I have, etc.,

R. E. STUBBS.

233

No. 15.

DESPATCH FROM SECRETARY OF STATE TO OFFICER ADMINISTERING THE GOVERNMENT.

Sir,

2nd May, 1923.

I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your despatch No. 87 of the 6th March, 1923, and to inform you that His Majesty will not be advised to exercise his power of disallowance in respect of Ordinance No. 1 of 1923 of the Legislature of Hong Kong, entitled, "An Ordinance to regulate certain forms of female domestic service".

I have, etc.,

DEVONSHIRE.

No. 16.

TELEGRAM FROM SECRETARY OF STATE TO GOVERNOR.

17th January, 1929.

Your despatch No. 241 dated 30th May, 1924. Letters from Harris of Anti- slavery and Aborigines Protection Society published in Manchester Guardian summaris ing report of meetings of Anti-muitsai Society include allegations that S. of S. for the Colonies' pledge of 21st March, 1922, has never been carried out, that system is in full operation, and that the number has increased. Telegraph your observations on above charges, on immediate reform being pressed by Anti-muitsai Society and on question of bringing Part 3 of Ordinance into operation and send by mail a report suitable for publication on the working of the Ordinance up to date.

AMERY.

No. 17.

TELEGRAM FROM GOVERNOR TO SECRETARY OF STATE.

29th January, 1929.

Your telegram of 17th January. No representations whatever have been made to! the Hong Kong Government by the Anti-Muitsai Society since I assumed the Government in 1925. This Society held its last meeting in Hong Kong on 20th October, but did not thereafter address this Government in the matter or make any proposals.

I will investigate and report fully by mail.

CLEMENTE,

Sir,

No. 18.

DESPATCH FRom Governor TO SECRETARY OF STATE.

22nd February, 1929.

I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your telegram dated the 17th January, informing me that letters from Mr. J. H. Harris of the Anti-Slavery and Aborigines Protection Society, published in the Manchester Guardian summarizing a

ure 1.

234

report of meetings of the Anti-Muitsai Society in Hong Kong, included allegations that the pledge given to Parliament on the 21st March, 1922, by the Secretary of State for the Colonies had never been carried out, that the system is in full operation and that the number of mui-tsai has increased. You asked me to telegraph my observations on the above charges, on the immediate reforms pressed for by the Anti-Muitsai Society and on the question of bringing into force part III of the Female Domestic Service Ordinance

No. 1 of 1923.

2. I was unable to telegraph any observations, for I found that no representations whatever had in recent years been made to the Hong Kong Government by the Anti- Muitsai Society. This Society had held its last annual meeting in Hong Kong on the 20th October, 1928, but did not hereafter address this Government or make any proposals for immediate reforms. In fact the whole agitation concerning mui-tsai had been quiescent for many years in face of serious local emergencies which arose owing to the political conditions in China.

3. On searching the official archives of the Colony since I assumed the Govern- ment in November, 1925, I find that on the 17th March, 1927, my eye was caught by a paragraph in the Wa Tsz Yat Po, one of the vernacular papers of Hong Kong, stating that, since regulations had been promulgated in Canton abolishing the mui-tsai, the number of persons selling children in Hong Kong had increased. I asked the Secretary for Chinese Affairs for a report on this statement and he replied on the 28th March, 1927, that he had on that day interviewed Mr. Yeung Shiu-chuen, President of the Anti-Muitsai Society in Hong Kong, and had ascertained from him that it was Mr. Yeung himself who had caused the paragraph in question to be inserted in Wa Ts: Yat Po. Mr. Yeung could not, however, supply any definite information on the subject and was not very helpful. * Regarding the truth of the statement in the Wa Tsz Yat Po, the Secretary for Chinese Affairs reported that he had not observed any increase in the num- ber of cases of traffic in children brought before his department. He added:-"I am inclined to regard the Canton regulations merely as propaganda. Brigandage and general distress in South China which is also reflected in the notable increase in emigration, would be quite enough to account for the prevalence of the traffic".

* * *

4. The inquiry which I had initiated, appears to have galvanized the Anti-Muitsai Society into fresh activity, for on the 9th April, 1927, this Society assembled at the Chinese Young Men's Christian Association Headquarters in Hong Kong in the first Enclos- meeting it had held for several years. I enclose an extract from the South China Morn- ing Post of the 11th April, 1927, giving an account of the proceedings, which did not, however, result in representations of any kind being made to this Government by the Society. The Secretary for Chinese Affairs after further investigation, reported to me. on the 20th July, 1927, that no doubt the traffic in children still persisted, being the custom of the country which it would take a long time to alter, but that it remained to be proved that this Government's efforts were not making headway against the abuses of the custom. He pointed out that the Anti-Muitsai Society was not very representative of Chinese opinion. "The Chairman" he wrote, "comes up occasionally and makes gen- eral reports, which give no opening for special enquiries or action: on being pressed to carry his own enquiries far enough to give us some opening, he has produced a case or two of little or no importance. Recently he has produced a case of gross cruelty to a child but not a mui-tsai or a bought child." In view of this report and the absence of any case at all under the Female Domestic Servants Ordinance, No. 1 of 1923, during the years 1923 to 1927, both included, no further action was taken by this Government.

5. The next event in this connection was the annual meeting of the Anti-Muitsai Society on the 20th October, 1928, to which I have already referred. I attach a transla- tion of an extract* from the Wa Tsz Yat Po of the 23rd October, 1928, giving the names of the members of the committee then appointed by this Society, also an extract* from the South China Morning Post of the 22nd October, 1928, giving an account of the proceedings at the annual meeting. As I have already said no representations were made to the Hong Kong Government by the Society after this meeting; but it is upon the proceedings of this meeting that the letter of Mr. J. H. Harris to the Manchester Guardian was based. I can only suppose that the newly elected Committee of the Anti-Muitsai Society, which is not representative of local Chinese opinion, preferred to make an effort

*Not printed.

235

at propaganda in the United Kingdom rather than to submit recommendations for the con- sideration of the Hong Kong Government and its responsible advisers-I mean the Secre-` tary for Chinese Affairs and the Chinese members of the Legislative Council. However, the extract from the South China Morning Post above referred to was sent by the Colonial Secretary to the Secretary for Chinese Affairs for his observations and he replied on the 7th November, 1928, that the Domestic Service Ordinance seemed to him to be an ex- cellent example of legislation in advance of public opinion and that the time had not yet come to enforce part III of the Ordinance.

6. Upon receipt of your telegram of the 17th January, I convened a special meet- ing of the District Watch Committee, the body most representative of Chinese opinion in this Colony and including all three Chinese members of the Legislative Council. This meeting took place at Government House on the 4th February, with myself in the Chair and with the Colonial Secretary, the Attorney General and the Secretary for Chinese Affairs also present. The members of the District Watch Cominittee stated that, in spite of the great increase in the population of the Colony (it was estimated at 681,800 in 1923 and cannot now be less than one million) and notwithstanding the chaos and anarchy prevalent in China during recent years, there was no reason to believe that the number of mui-tsai...... in the Colony had increased: that cases of cruelty to children were rare that Chinese opinion in Hong Kong would be solidly opposed to the enforcement of part III of Ord- inance No. 1 of 1923: and they advised that the proper course would be to deal very severely with any cases of cruelty to children which might come to light. It was pointed out by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs that registration in the form suggested would be equivalent to recognition of the status of mui-tsai, which at present has no sanction in law, and that in law a mui-tsai is now in the same position as any other domestic servant, except in so far as being a minor she is subject to the same restrictions on her liberty as any other child. Moreover, how would registration be enforced?

Would anyone, even the Anti-Muitsai Society itself, be prepared to advocate house to house visits by in- spectors? In any case the proposal to take mui-tsai away from their employers and lodge them in the Po Leung Kuk would be impracticable, for that institution is barely able to provide for 70 inmates in all. Perhaps, however, useful practical work could be done by an organization similar to the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children in Eng- land or by Government Inspectors, possibly women. This suggestion seemed to appeal strongly to the three Chinese members of Legislative Council.

ure 2.

7. Subsequently the Secretary for Chinese Affairs submitted the attached report Enclos- on the working of the Female Domestic Service Ordinance, 1923, with which I find my- self in general agreement. I may say that in my earlier service under the Hong Kong Government I had personal experience of the mui-tsai system and formed the conclusion that on the whole it was humane and benevolent, having regard to conditions of life in China. Its origin is not any absence of love in Chinese parents for their female children, for I am persuaded that Chinese parents are as a rule very fond of their daughters, but rather excessive philoprogenitiveness among a people living habitually "one jump ahead of starvation". The Secretary for Chinese Affairs writes: "Those who have had experi- ence of famine relief work will realize that it is seldom the desire for money which in- duces parents in China to part with their children and that the alternative may quite well be starvation". I can corroborate this from my personal experience. From April to June 1903, I was seconded by the Hong Kong Government for famine relief work in the province of Kwangsi. While engaged on this duty I repeatedly travelled by launch up and down the West River and I well remember how at each township and village by the riverside, where my launch put in, Chinese women with babies in their arms and children at their sides were lined up begging the launch passengers, myself included, not to buy but to take from them as a gift the little ones who otherwise would starve and for whom the mothers were totally unable to provide. Mui-tsai, so acquired, are as a rule well treated and it is considered by Chinese public opinion to be obligatory on their employers to see that they are married or suitably provided for when they are about 18 years of age.

8. The recent repetition in Mr. J. H. Harris's letter of the charge of slavery seems to make it desirable to assert once more that, whatever may be said against the customs of employing mui-tsai, it cannot, as it exists in Hong Kong, be called slavery, except by a gross misuse of that term. A system of slavery implies that the law, written or customary, definitely recognises and enforces certain rights of ownership in favour of

236

the master as against the slave. In Hong Kong the law recognises no rights of owner- ship whatsoever in favour of the employer as against the mui-tsai or as against her parents. The status of the mui-tsai is entirely a free status. If a mui-tsai wishes to leave her employer there is no legal obstacle to her doing so at any moment.

9. It may be freely admitted that, human nature being what it is, there are pos- sibilities of abuse in every system of employment in which the two parties to the relation are, by reason of the extreme youth or great poverty or ignorance of one of the parties, not on equal terms. Such a possibility does exist in the case of the mui-tsai; and because of this possibility, which in the vast majority of cases is, I believe, only a possibility and not an actual fact, the Government would like to see the mui-tsai system gradually con- verted into something less open to that possibility.

10. It has however, been found impracticable to proceed otherwise than very slowly. The reasons why more rapid progress is impossible are given above expressly or impliedly, but they are so important that it may be useful to recapitulate them shortly here. They are as follows:-

(a) The custom is deep rooted in Chinese family and economic conditions.

(b) Hong Kong with its very large Chinese population cannot break away too

far or too fast from Chinese customs.

(c) The great majority of the Chinese live so close to starvation that the too numerous children must find work or die, and they cannot always find work in their own villages.

(d) The existing mui-tsai, whose numbers constantly fluctuate owing to the arrival of new families from China or the departure of Hong Kong fami- lies to China, are so numerous that it would be quite impossible to deal with them if they were taken away from their employers.

(e) To enforce drastic measures against the legal sense of the Chinese com- munity would be to invite obstruction in a matter in which obstruction would be peculiarly easy and from a class peculiarly skilled in obstruction.

11. I have given instructions that all cases in which a mui-tsai is concerned and particularly any case of cruelty to a mui-tsai, shall be brought at once to the notice of the Colonial Secretary, in order that I may make personal inquiry into such cases. I shall explore further the proposal that there should be instituted in this Colony an organization similar to the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children in England and that in this connection female inspectors, appointed by the Hong Kong Government, might be em- ployed. For the rest and I am quite certain that it would be useless, and even detri- mental to the cause in view, to attempt to advance ahead of public opinion in China it- self, and I do not doubt that the spirit of reform, now widespread in China, will before very long address itself practically (and not merely on paper) to the modification of the mui-tsai, system. Its disappearance is not, however, to be expected until there is a con- siderable improvement in economic conditions in China and a less reckless procreation of children among the poorest classes of the Chinese people.

*Chinese characters for names in this despatch and its enclosures are given on a separate sheet.

*Not printed.

I have, etc.,

C. CLEMENTI.

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Enclosure 1 in No. 18.

Extract from the South China Morning Post, dated 11th April, 1927.

THE MUITSAI EVIL.

RESUSCITATION OF LOCAL SOCIETY.

Committee Formed.

After a considerable lapse of time, the Anti-Muitsai Society, formed several years ago for the purpose of combating some of the evils of the Chinese domestic service sys- tem in Hong Kong, held another general meeting at the Chinese Y.M.C.A. headquarters at Bridges Street on Saturday afternoon. The rainy weather kept many from attending, but there were a sufficient number of the thousand odd members present for the purpose of carrying through some pressing matters.

A review of conditions since the local Ordinance came into force was given by the Chairman, who expressed dissatisfaction that much of its desired effectiveness had been lost through the apathy of those concerned, and he proposed a large committee of 37 with ample powers to go again into the subject and carry on with the actual work of the Society.

Dr. Yeung Shiu-chuen presided over the meeting, and supporting him were Mr. Ngan Kwan-yue (Hon. Chinese Secretary); Mr. C. G. Anderson (Hon. English Secretary); Mr. Lam Woo (Hon. Treasurer); Mrs. Ma Ying-piu, a wellknown local Christian worker, Mr. Mak Mui-sang, Mr. Hung To-fei, Mr. Wong Kam-ying, etc.

The Chairman in his opening address, after retracing the history of the movement, said that an annual meeting should have been called according to the original regulations, but the period through which they had been passing was exceptional, and many of the thousand odd members of the Society had left Hong Kong, and in other ways made the work of the Hon. Secretaries difficult in keeping touch. However, it was felt that if the movement was not to peter out, for want of popular attention to an evil which still existed in their midst, it was necessary to call another meeting.

Investigation.

Those members who were now present would be asked to elect a large and repre- sentative general committee of no fewer than 37, who would further investigate local conditions and maintain the desired contact with responsible Government officials.

The Chairman pointed to the "go-ahead" action of the Canton Government, which, as they all knew, had promulgated a law for the entire suppression of the mui- tsai form of domestic service, and had gone further than the Hong Kong Ordinance by striking at the very root of the evil. They were reminded that the evil still existed in Hong Kong, despite the Ordinance, by the cases which from time to time came up before the local courts. In one of these they had the glaring instance of a Chinese woman, a well-known member of society, being prosecuted for ill-treating her muitsai.

The fact that the offender was sent to prison was but small satisfaction to the Society, as in any case the stigma still attached to Chinese nationals. If by a measure of enlightening propaganda they could achieve their purpose without resorting to more dras- tic steps, then it would seem that the local Ordinance in its present form was sufficient. Otherwise, the attention of the local authorities would have to be again called more closely into the problem.

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Slogans.

Displayed in a prominent position on the stage of the auditorium was a Chinese scroll, bearing the inscription that "the mantle of Abraham Lincoln has fallen on Mr. H. A. Cartwright, Editor of the Hong Kong Daily Press". This was the tribute of the Anti-Muitsai Society to the late Hong Kong Editor, for his services in drawing Home and local attention to the movement. It was stated by the Hon. Chinese Secretary that the scroll would now be forwarded to Mr. Cartwright's widow in England.

The meeting stood in silence for a minute as a mark of respect for the memory of the late Mr. Cartwright.

Mr. Peter Wong made a statement of the financial affairs of the Society. He stated that there had been a dearth of funds owing to the lapse of subscriptions, and had it not been for the expenses saved for them through being rent-free and through the secretarial work being hitherto gratuitously discharged, the Society would have been fin- ancially in a bad way indeed. As it was there was just the wherewithal to pay for the cost of stationery.

The election of the 37 members of the General Committee was then proceeded with, including members of the local gentry and representatives of the European and Chinese

press.

Enclosure 2 in No. 18.

REPORT ON THE WORKING OF THE FEMALE DOMESTIC SERVICE ORDINANCE, 1923.

The objects of this Ordinance were mainly two--the first to make it quite clear that the payment of money to the parent or guardian or employer of a female child confers no rights in the child and to strengthen the existing powers given to the Secretary for Chinese Affairs under Ordinance 4 of 1897; and the second to reinforce the law dealing with cruelty to children. So far there is nothing in the Ordinance which was not pro- vided for in existing legislation. What is new is the prohibition under Section 4 of the taking into employment of mui-tsai as defined in the Ordinance.

2. It may be said at once that the payment of money is not and never has been recognised as conferring any rights on the person making the payment; and that from the beginning the officers of the Secretariat for Chinese Affairs have in every case which has been brought to their notice dealt with the matter solely from the point of view of the interests of the child. It is believed that by now this principle is well understood: cer- tainly no one attempts to dispute it and the claim to the services of a female domestic ser- vant is always based on the argument that the girl is happy and does not wish to leave her employment.

3. One prosecution was brought under Section 6 of the Ordinance in 1928. There were none in previous years. Even if prosecutions for ill-treatment of children brought under the Offences against the Person Ordinance of 1865 are included the total is insigni- ficant. As a rule Chinese are particularly kind to children and the disgrace of being haled to court to answer a charge of cruelty to a child is one which all dread.

4. No prosecutions have been brought under Sections 4 and 5 of the Ordinance, and no information is available as to the number of mui-tsai who may have been taken into employment in the Colony since the Ordinance was passed; though Chinese opinion in general considers that the number of mui-tsai employed has tended to decrease es- pecially in upper class households. It would in practice be all but impossible to prove in any particular case that the payment of money which alone differentiates a mui-tsai from any other domestic servant had in fact been made.

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5. On the general question it might be possible to meet criticism by maintaining as is done in China to-day that as such payments confer no right to the services of the mui-tsai; the distinction between mui-tsai and domestic servants or between mui-tsai and adopted daughters has in fact ceased to exist and that there are now no mui-tsai in South China. It would in short be a simple matter to abolish mui-tsai by abolishing the name, and by substituting the title "adopted daughter" to direct public attention to another and less invidious aspect of the system. It would, however, serve no useful purpose to deny that there are still mui-tsai in Hong Kong as well as in China. This has been made inevit- able by the history of the past five years which have witnessed a state of disorder and distress in Kuangtung and elsewhere unsurpassed since the Taiping Rebellion. Those who have had experience of famine relief work will realise that it is seldom the desire. for money which induces parents in China to part with their children and that the altern- ative may quite well be starvation. Until some measure of prosperity has returned to the countryside it will prove very difficult to put a stop to the practice of transferring chil- dren from one household to another. In fact even the Anti-Muitsai Society do not ex- pect this and their proposals for the enforcement of registration not only presuppose the continued existence and quasi-legalisation of the mui-tsai system but also provide for the registration of adopted daughters.

6. The practical difficulties in the way of any satisfactory form of registration in a colony such as Hong Kong with its daily ebb and flow across the frontier and the con- stant movement of the population within the city itself can hardly be exaggerated. An army of inspectors with the widest powers of entry and search would be required to en- force it and even so the difficulty of proving the initial payment to the parents or guar- dians which brings a girl under the law would be almost insuperable. The parents of the child are satisfied with the situation, and the child herself is usually content with her position and quite prepared to co-operate in the necessary deception; while even assum- ing that persons qualified to make the necessary inquisition could be secured there is no doubt that these proceedings would rouse strong opposition from all classes of Chinese in the Colony.

7. The results to be secured would hardly seem to outweigh these disadvantages. The alternatives must still be faced of registration cards and recognition of the system as suggested by the Anti-Muitsai Society, or of the wholesale removal to Homes of girls who are themselves unwilling to be removed, or their restoration to parents who are unable to support them.

8. Meanwhile a recent declaration by the Canton Government of a similar nature to the preamble to the Hong Kong Ordinance marks a step in advance. The practice of obtaining servants by purchase is clearly stated to be without validity and public opinion in China may be expected before long to accept this attitude. Improvement in economic conditions on the mainland will no doubt hasten the change. As has been said already in Hong Kong this view has been for some time accepted without question and the fact that a money payment may have been made is not considered relevant to the transac- tion. In the circumstances it is hard to see how the charge that the practice is in any respect a form of slavery can be sustained

9. I enclose a copy of certain suggestions forwarded to me on February 6th last by the Anti-Muitsai Society and on these I would make the following comments :-

(a) Section (1) at once raise the question of the disposal of mui-tsai whose

employers fail to register them within six months.

(b) Section (2) provides for the destruction of the "deed of sale or gift" which has no legal validity whatsoever and its substitution by a certificate 'as evidence of the employer's right to employ the girl as mui-tsai“. This would give semi-legal sanction to a status which the law as it stands does not recognise.

(d) Section (5). It is difficult to see how such a regulation could be en-

forced.

(e) Section (6). A very short experience of the conditions of life in the Chinese quarters in Hong Kong will I feel convince anyone of the im- possibility of tracing and keeping in touch with anyone who wishes to

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escape notice. Chinese families occupying one or more cubicles in a tenement house can move bag and baggage at any time without trouble or expense and do so constantly.

(f) Sections (7) and (8). Present the same difficulty.

The enforcement of

such restrictions would involve an almost daily search of all premises in that large area of the city where the population is a floating one.

The Po Leung Kuk has a daily average of some 40 inmates and can accommodate about 70 in all. The number of Chinese entering and leav- ing Hong Kong is several thousands daily.

(g) Part II. Sections (1) to (6). Present the same difficulties as the proposed regulations regarding mui-tsai. There is an even stronger objection to the issue of certificates in the case of socalled 'adopted daughters'. Instances of genuine mui-tsai being disposed of as prostitutes are rarely met with; but it is quite usual for persons who procure young girls to describe them as 'adopted daughters'. Such persons would be only too glad of the opportunity to secure an official certificate of adoption.

SUGGESTED REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE REGISTRATION OF MUI TSAI

AND ADOPTED Daughters.

Registration Regulation for Mui Tsai :-

(1) After the promulgation of the registration law all Muitsai must be regis- tered within six months. After the period prescribed, no registration is permissible. Failure on the part of owners to register their Muitsai will be punishable by a fine.

(2) All documents, either deeds of sale or deeds of gift relating to the Mui- tsai, must be surrendered to, and cancelled by, the Secretary for Chinese Affairs, who in turn will issue a certificate to the Master or Mistress as evidence of his or her right to employ the girl as Muitsai.

(3) Two copies of a photograph of every Muitsai must be supplied by her owner at the time of registration, one of which is to be filled with the Chinese Secretariat and the other is to be affixed to the certificate issued by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs, so as to avoid any attempt at frau- dulent substitution. As an additional safeguard, the Muitsai will be re- quired to place on the register as well as on the certificate, her finger print.

(4) Both the owner and the Muitsai must be present at the registration, and it should be the duty of the official in charge clearly to explain to the owner that hereafter the girl must be treated as an ordinary hired servant and to the girl her rights and future status in the household.

(5) Wages must be fixed for the Muitsai as follows: From 12 to 14 years old, 50 cents a month; from 15 to 17 $1 a month. All Muitsai who have attained the age of 18 must report the fact to the Secretary for Chinese Affairs and have their registration cancelled. They can then either make mutual arrangement with the owners to continue in their em- ployment as free agents or seek employment elsewhere.

(6) If a Muitsai is leaving the Colony, or when she attains full age and free- dom, the owner together with the Muitsai must report the facts of the case to the Secretary for Chinese Affairs. In the event of marriage, the Muitsai should be required to signify her willingness to such marriage to the Secretary for Chinese Affairs.

(7) Any Muitsai passing through the Colony or staying temporarily in the Colony, whose residence here exceeds the period of two weeks must re- port, accompanied by the owner, to the Secretary for Chinese Affairs and obtain a certificate of identity. Muitsai who stay in Hong Kong for a period exceeding one month and who are under 18 years of age must be given into the charge of the Po Leung Kuk and dealt with in the same way as stipulated in clause 8.

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(8) All Muitsai who have been ill-treated or who have not been registered or whose temporary stay in the Colony has exceeded the prescribed period must be given their freedom, if they have attained the age of 18. Those who are under 18 must be entrusted to the Po Leung Kuk which will ad- vertise in the newspaper for the parents, if they are alive, otherwise the nearest kith and kin, to come and claim them. The Po Leung Kuk should execute this duty free for the Muitsai's parents and nearest kith and kin.

Registration Regulation for Adopted Daughters :-

(1) Parents of all adopted daughters in the Colony must register the name of

the latter within six months after the promulgation of the law.

(2) At the time of registration all deeds of adoption or deeds of gift must be surrendered to, and cancelled by, the Secretary for Chinese Affairs who, if satisfied, will in turn issue a certificate confirming that the girl is an adopted daughter.

(3) Two copies of a photograph of every adopted daughter must be supplied by her foster parents at the time of registration, one of which is to he filed with the Chinese Secretariat and the other is to be affixed to the certificate issued by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs. And as an addi- tional safeguard the adopted daughter will be required to place on the register as well as on the certificate her finger print.

(4) The adopted daughter must be present during the registration and it should be the duty of the official in charge clearly to explain the status of the child to the foster parents so that the girl cannot be illtreated in any way. (5) The parents of the adopted girl should provide her with an education

similar to that given to their own children.

(6) A heavy fine must be imposed on those who employ an adopted daughter as a Muitsai and imprisonment if they employ or sell her for prostitu- tion.

Appendix.

The Government should strictly enforce the law prohibiting the sale and purchase of human beings. Hereafter all sale and purchase under documents purporting to be deeds of sale or deeds of gift will be regarded as an infringement of this Ordinance and is punishable by imprisonment. All persons who act as middle men or go-betweens for the sale and purchase of human beings will also be liable to heavy penalties.

No. 19.

TELEGRAM FROM SECRETARY OF STATE TO GOVERNOR.

20th April, 1929.

Your despatch dated 22nd February, No. 91, mui-tsai. I should be glad of further information as complete as possible on the following points, by despatch as soon as you can furnish it.

1. Apparently a primary difficulty is to obtain evidence that particular girls are mui-tsai and to bring home to them their rights of personal freedom. A proclamation, advertising their rights, was issued in 1922. Have any similar proclamations been issued subsequently? If not, would it be practicable to issue them regularly or even have notices permanently displayed?

2. What are the objections in practice to any system of registration of mui-tsai?

3. How far is any system of registration possible, whether covering all mui-tsai in

the Colony or excluding those not domiciled in the Colony?

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4. What is the legal position under the Ordinance of the mui-tsai acquired else- where and imported since the date of the enactment of the Ordinance, whether their em- ployers accompany them or are already resident in the Colony?

5. Should addition to paragraph 4 of the Ordinances be enacted so as to provide that no mui-tsai may be brought into the Colony for services in that capacity?

6. Can you obtain e.g. through H. M. Consul General a copy of the regulations. alleged to have been promulgated in Canton abolishing the system and a report on the practical result if

any.

7. If importation of fresh mui-tsai cannot be prevented is it to be understood that you consider effective abolition of the system in Hong Kong must wait until that im- portation ceases. If not how can the institution be brought to an end earlier?

8. It was alleged in a leading article in the "Hong Kong Morning Post" of 6th February, 1929, that the Secretary for Chinese Affairs assists in the recovery of purchase price in the case of mui-tsai who have run away. I shall be glad of your observations on this and other allegations in the same article.

9. It is constantly alleged that mui tsai are a regular source of recruitment for prostitution. Can any further safeguard against this be introduced?

10. In the unlikely event of a large number of mui-tsai leaving their houses as a result of any measures taken is it quite impossible to supplement the accommodation in To Leung Kuk by temporary arrangements.

No. 20.

AMERY.

DESPATCH FROM GOVERNOR TO SECRETARY OF STATE.

16th May, 1929.

Sir,

I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your telegram dated 20th April, in which you ask me to furnish by despatch as soon as I can further infor- mation, as complete as possible, on ten points concerning the mui-tsai question. I propose to take up these points one by one and to deal with each of them, although not in the order in which they are set out in your telegram; but before doing so, I desire to state very definitely that the abolition of the mui-tsai system is the settled and declared policy of this Government. Our difficulty is to ensure that this policy is made effective in practice. This difficulty is due to the fact that Hong Kong, geographically speaking, forms part of the Kwangtung province, in which the system is still prevalent, and that Hong Kong cannot effectively abolish the mui-tsai system unless and until the authorities of the Kwangtung province do likewise.

2. It is desirable that I should explain in the first instance what the mui-tsai system really was according to Chinese custom and law as it stood prior to the "reforms" which followed the revolution. When a girl was bought in China as a mui-tsai, the following obligations on the part of the purchaser arose :-

(a) The mui-tsai was to be considered as a member of the family. The word mui-tsai translated literally into English is "little sister", a polite term for ser- vant girls. This name in itself shows that the mui-tsai was expected to be treated properly and, as a matter of fact, she occupied a better position in the family than did a paid servant.

(b) The master or mistress was responsible for the care of her person, food, clothing and for medical attendance in the case of illness.

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(c) If the master or mistress sold a mui-tsai for prostitution, he or she was liable to severe punishment under the Chinese law concerning the sale of girls for prostitution.

(d) When a mui-tsai was old enough to be married, it was expected of her master or mistress that they would see that she was properly married to be a wife or a concubine, as the case might be.

(e) On the marriage of a mui-tsai, if her parents were then living, the master or mistress would notify the fact to the parents, and if the parents so desired they would associate with her husband's family as if she had been married by her parents, and the responsibility of the master or mistress would end. But if the mui-tsai had no parents living, the responsibility of the master or mistress still continued and she would be treated in her master's house as a "quasi daughter" and her husband would be treated as a "quasi son-in-law". Consequently, for a mui-tsai to elope with a man without being properly married under the auspices of her master or mistress was deemed to be a disgrace to the family of the master or mistress. This disgrace. might not be felt as strongly as in the case of a daughter of the house, but was nevertheless considered by the Chinese to be a loss of "face". In the case of a paid servant, no such stigma attached to the family.

(f) If the master or mistress of a mui-tsai ill-treated her, they were liable to be prosecuted by the parents of the mui-tsai in a Court of Justice in China, for, although the parents had sold their daughter, they were not deprived of this right by law. Should the master or mistress fail to produce the mui-tsai in court at the trial, A mere al- a charge of manslaughter or murder might be instituted against them. legation of this kind in a Chinese court would be sufficient to bring terrible conse- quences upon the master or mistress in question.

From the result of enquiries I have made I am satisfied that these obligations were carried out in the great majority of cases and some of my advisers maintain that there were not as many as ten per cent of failures.

3. I have obtained both from the Anti Mui-tsai Society in Hong Kong and also from His Majesty's Consulate-General at Canton the text of the Regulations for the Emancipation of Salves and Mui-tsai, published by the Chinese authorities on the 1st March, 1927. The texts obtained from these two sources have been collated and Enclosure 1. found to be identical, and I enclose a translation of the twelve regulations in ques- tion. You will observe that it was ordered that from the date of the publication of these regulations no girls should be bought, sold or pledged as mui-tsai, and that all agreements for such purposes should be null and void; that all existing mui-tsai should no longer be called mui-tsai but should be called 'adopted daughters'; that all agreements or presentation deeds in respect of their purchase and sale should be sent to the nearest police station for cancellation and registration in a register special- ly provided for the purpose; that no "adopted daughters" should be ill-treated; that they should be sent to school during the age of 12 to 16, and should not be married later than 23, but might be allowed to remain single if they chose; that no "adopted daughters" should be forced to become concubines; that adequate clothing, board and lodging should be provided for "adopted daughters", according to the circum- stances (of their "adopted parents'); that if any person should be discovered by the police to have beaten or maltreated an "adopted daughter", the girl should be sent to a poor girls' home or an industrial school to be brought up, and that the person who ill-treated the girl should be fined as a warning; that when anybody, who had been fined for maltreating his "adopted daughter", was then found to have maltreat- ed her again, a greater fine or other punishment would be imposed.

4. It is, of course, very important to know how far these fair-seeming regula- tions have been carried into practice, and I have made such enquiries as were pos- sible on the subject. Mr. A. A. L. Tuson, the acting Consul General at Canton, wrote to me on the 29th April that he had no reliable information as to the extent to which the regulations had been enforced. Mr. A. G. Major, His Majesty's Con- sul at Swatow, wrote to me on the same date as follows:

"Whilst regulations prohibiting the mui-tsai system were promulgated locally over two years ago and are still nominally enforced, actually the practice

Enclosure 2.

Enclosure 3.

244

still flourishes, though under a different name, 'adopted daughter'. At the time of the introduction of the prohibition all indentures were called in, and those that were surrendered were cancelled and destroyed, though no steps were taken, for obvious reasons, in the direction of liberating the vast numbers of girls concerned. I understand, however, that the application of the regulations has brought about some improvement in the treatment of mui-tsai, orders for the release of whom to a philanthropic institution are made from time to time when charges of ill-treatment are brought and substantiated in the Chinese court".

5. I also made enquiry from His Majesty's Consuls at Foochow and Amoy in the neighbouring province of Fukien. Mr. G. S. Moss, His Majesty's Consul at Foo- chow, wrote to me on the 2nd May that the Commissioner for Foreign Affairs at Foo- chow told him that there was no special legislation in Fukien province, dealing with the mui-tsai question. He added that the system was much less prevalent in Fukien than in Kwangtung and did not attract marked public attention.

public attention. The Reverend W. P. W. Williams, of Trinity College, Foochow, wrote to Mr. Moss as follows:-

"All I know is that the practice is contrary to law and, when found out, is severely punished. It is reported by the Chinese that the practice is still prevalent under various names. Questioned, the people generally claim the child as a daughter. As far as I can find out, the law on the question is a matter of paper".

An informant of the Foochow Consulate told Mr. Moss that some years ago societies for the suppression of the mui-tsai system were formed in Amoy and Foo- chow, the Amoy society being far the more active. He had heard nothing whatever of the Foochow society for at least three years and thought that it was no longer in active existence.

6. Mr. W. Russell-Brown, His Majesty's Consul at Amoy, has sent me an interesting letter on this subject, of which I enclose a copy. He says that in theory the slave girl system has no existence in China, but in actual fact it is in force from one end of the country to the other. Girls are everywhere bought and sold for maid servants or slaves, the euphemism 'adopted daughter' usurping the place of 'slave girl'. He also says that a few social reformers started a "Society for the Liberation of Slave Girls' in Amoy, but that the support given to the society was of a perfunc- tory and apathetic nature, public opinion being as yet unconvinced of the necessity of interfering with an age-long custom. "This indifference", he writes, "arises in all probability from a belief shared by all classes that the generality of slave girls are well treated by their mistresses".

7. In addition to making enquiry from official sources, I have also caused in- vestigations to be made through private Chinese channels, and I attach a translation of a letter received by a trusted informant from a Chinese friend of his in Canton. It is to the effect that in the city of Canton the police have warned the people from time to time, in compliance with the regulations, to report in case they have any mui-tsai and to submit for examination the deeds they have in respect of them; but that in each police station of the city not more than ten cases have been reported, and that the re- gulations are only a matter of form; that purchases of mui-tsai still continue, despite the prohibition; that some masters do send their mui-tsai to school but only in the hope that they may be sold to rich families as concubines for an enhanced price, but that he knows of no case of a mui-tsai being sent to school as a result of any dispute re- ported to a police station; that the insufficiency of schools in Kwangtung is notori- ous, and that the Canton Government cannot afford to establish schools for the ac- commodation of mui-tsai. He then writes :-

"The abolition of mui-tsai is a good idea in the interests of humanity. But China is a vast country with a dense population, and the idea cannot be altogether excellent. Piracy and unemployment prevail in all outlying districts. Industry and trade have not yet been developed, and no in- stitutions have been established for the accommodation of the unemploy- ed. The cost of living in Kwangtung is particularly high, and poor families of several persons generally cannot earn enough for their sup- port. People, who have several daughters, will sell some of them to others as mui-tsai in the hope that they can secure means of livelihood

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with the sum of about $100, which is acquired from the sale, and save their families from starvation. If mui-tsai are suddenly abolished, unless loans can be raised, such people will not be able to do anything but fold up their arms and wait for death. The so-called prohibition in previous years of girls binding up their breasts and the suppression this year of Chinese medical practitioners and astrologers were all attempted without due regard to circumstances and the fact that it would lead to unemploy- ment, and I am afraid that such measures will only turn out unsuccessful. If the mui-tsai question is to be solved for the sake of humanity, it will suffice if the rich families are prohibited from maltreating them. Poor girls, who have been sold to be mui-tsai, generally refuse to go back to their parents, even when forced to do so by their masters. They prefer to remain mui-tsai, for they are free from cold and hunger and can have better food, lodging and clothing. Each year very few cases have oc- curred in which mui-tsai want to go back to their families".

8. I have also received a report from the Honourable Dr. S. W. Ts'o, 0.B.E. member of the Hong Kong Legislative Council. He writes concerning the Canton Regulations:-

"These regulations are but dead letters.

As a matter of fact,

the buying and selling of girls is still going on in China".

Similarly the Secretary for Chinese Affairs reports --

"I have asked a number of Chinese whether they have heard of any attempt being made to enforce these regulations, but the answer has always been no".

I think it is, therefore, safe to say that the regulations published by the Chinese au- thorities on the 1st March, 1927, have not as yet been carried into practice with respect to mui-tsai and that the practice now in force is to all intents and purposes the same as that described in paragraph 2 of this despatch.

You

9. There is another preliminary point which it is well to dispose of. sayIt is constantly alleged that mui-tsai are a regular source of recruitment for prostitution', and you ask whether any further safeguard against this can be intro- duced. It is very necessary to state emphatically that the mui-tsai system is not a regular source of recruitment for prostitution. The usual source of such recruitment is among poor families, which in times of distress will sell female children to traf- fickers from whom they pass into the hands of women who train the children with the object of their becoming prostitutes. Mui-tsai are by training not suited for use as prostitutes. The sale of a girl to be a mui-tsai has indeed the effect of protecting her from prostitution as her master and mistress retain her services for domestic purposes and would guard her from the wiles of ill-disposed persons. Mui-tsai are more close- ly attached to the family than are hired servants, and they cannot so easily be decoyed away without enquiries being set on foot. As a rule, children acquired for training as prostitutes are not employed as domestic servants. They are generally taught to sing and to play Mah Jong and to act as entertainers at restaurants; and in China large numbers of these girls, who are known as "guitar girls", may be seen frequent- ing restaurants, where they are called to amuse customers at dinner. It should be clearly understood that the mui-tsai is only one variety of purchased child; and it is of course, very necessary, if the practice of sale and purchase of children is to be suppressed, that the activities of all professional traffickers should be curtailed in every possible way. This is the aim of the Hong Kong Government acting through the department of the Secretary for Chinese Affairs and by means of the Police. But in practice it has proved very difficult to deal effectively with these traffickers, depor- tation being as a rule the only remedy. As regards further safeguards in this respect, unless the buying and selling of girls is stopped in China, nothing can be done in Hong Kong which will have much effect. The only effectual safeguard is to enlist the co-operation of the Chinese community to put down these practices by exposing any cases which may come to light

*Not printed.

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10. Another preliminary point that I may here deal with is the allegation, to which you draw my attention, in a leading article in the South China Morning Post of the 6th February, 1929, that the Secretary for Chinese Affairs assists in the re- covery of the purchase price in the case of mui-tsai, who have run away. You also ask for my observations on other allegations in the same article. In reply I may say that it has for some time been the settled policy of the Hong Kong Government not to assist any person in any way to recover money paid for the purpose of acquiring a mui-tsai. Cases have occurred in the past in which individual officers, including magistrates, have adopted a different practice in order to punish deliberate fraud. The Chinese committee of the Po Leung Kuk, under the influence of Chinese custom, and actuated also by a desire to secure fair treatment, has frequently arranged for the repayment of money paid to secure the services of a mui-tsai; but in such cases the child was not left in the custody of her employer, but kept in the Po Leung Kuk until the vendor had returned the money claimed under false pretences. I consider, however, that such procedure cannot be justified, even though it is natural that an official should feel reluctant to allow himself to be made an instrument to assist in the perpetration of a fraud, and I have given definite orders to the executive officers of the government and to the Directors of the Po Leung Kuk that the practice must be entirely abandoned.

11. As regards the other points in the article of the South China Morning Post to which you refer, I may observe that the article ignores the difficulties of enforcing registration. It also makes the common mistake of assuming the results of registration. For example, it implies that registration would somehow give the government information as to cases of cruelty. It is, moreover, grossly misleading to say, as did the South China Morning Post, that "If a mui-tsai runs away, anyone who shelters her is liable to be arrested and charged with harbouring". The refer- ence is presumably to Section 18 (1) (b) of Ordinance No. 4 of 1897. Every pro- secution under this section requires the consent of the Secretary for Chinese Affairs, and his consent would, of course, not be given without adequate reason. Anyone who kidnaps a mui-tsai in order to sell her, perhaps for prostitution, is liable to be arrest- ed and charged, and rightly so; but not a person who harbours a runaway mui-tsai from motives of benevolence. Anyone who sold a mui-tsai to a brothel would be pro- secuted under the Protection of Women and Girls Ordinance of 1897, if there were any evidence at all. Again, assuming the guess of the Anti Mui-tsai Society as to the number of mui-tsai in Hong Kong to be correct, the newspaper article does not contain the vaguest suggestion as to what could be done with the alleged ten thousand young girls if they could be discovered and could be proved to be mui-tsai and were taken away from their employers.

12. This brings me to the question of the number of mui-tsai supposed to be in Hong Kong and to your enquiry whether "in the unlikely event of "mui-tsai leaving their houses as a result of any measures taken", it is quite impossible to sup- plement the accommodation in the Po Leung Kuk by temporary arrangements. In the first place I may explain that, if drastic action were taken by the Hong Kong Government with respect to registration of mui-tsai, and it did in fact lead to a large number of mui-tsai leaving their homes it would be completely impossible for the Po Leung Kuk to accommodate them. I inspected this institution on the 8th May, and found that, although on occasion as many as one hundred girls have been accom- modated there, this was only possible by very great overcrowding, and that normally even with a complement of fifty girls the institution is undesirably full. I know of no temporary arrangements which could be made for accommodating a large number of young girls in this Colony. The Chinese community could certainly not be ex- pected to assist in such circumstances, and I do not suppose that the Anti-Mui-tsai Society would be at all helpful. It is not possible to say what the exact number or even the approximate number of mui-tsai in this Colony may be; but I have been very definitely assured by the leaders of the Chinese community that the number is not increasing, but is diminishing.

13. It must be remembered that the Po Leung Kuk is not so much a home, as a temporary refuge, where girls can remain until they are restored to their relatives. It would be quite impossible to obtain additional accommodation for this purpose, and many girls of the class now kept at the Po Leung Kuk have no home or relatives to go to, and something in the nature of a school, or even a reformatory, would be required for their accommodation. At present orphanages and convents will accept a

247

limited number of girls of this kind, but even now it often happens that these institu- tions have no vacancies; and, if the number of homeless girls increases to any extent the problem of their disposal and the difficulty of supervising them will be extremely serious.

14. You enquire what is the legal position under the Female Domestic Ser- vice Ordinance, No. 1 of 1923, of the mui-tsai acquired outside this Colony and im- ported since the enactment of the Ordinance, whether their employers accompany them or are already resident in the Colony. I am advised, in reply to this question, that Sections 4 and 5 of the Ordinance apply only to acquisition within the Colony. It is impossible to make acquisition in China an offence. Sections 6 to 11 of the Ordinance apply to all mui-tsai within the Colony, wherever and whenever acquired If Part III of the Ordinance were brought into force, registration would be required of all mui-tsai, whenever entering the Colony.

15. I have so far dealt in this despatch with the 4th, 6th, 8th, 9th and 10th paragraphs of your telegram, which aim at elucidating facts and removing miscon- ceptions. I now turn to those paragraphs in your telegram, which aim at devising some method of further reform.

16. I take first the proposal with respect to registration. You will observe that the Chinese authorities, in the regulations made by them on the 1st March, 1927, required the registration of all mui-tsai existing at that time. These regulations, however, have remained a dead letter. The Hong Kong Government, on the other hand, while enacting Part III of the Female Domestic Service Ordinance, No. 1 of 1923, which provides for registration of mui-tsai, determined to suspend the opera- tion of that part of the Ordinance until circumstances permitted its actual enforce- ment. This, it seems to me, was the more honest course; and I am entirely opposed to any schemes of legislative "eyewash". The objections in practice to any system of registration of mui-tsai are as follows:--

(a) The practical impossibility of proving that any particular girl is a muitsai, except in occasional cases where the facts are inadvertently admitted or come to light accidentally. The girl herself may be of little or no use as a witness for this purpose. The problem is to prove that a payment was made, perhaps years ago and perhaps in China. Even then the defen- dant may set up the defence that the case was one of adoption. If no payment is proved, the defendant may allege that the girl is a daughter. Friends and neighbours will not come forward, even if they know. No critic of the Hong Kong Government has ever suggested a solution to this problem.

(b) There would be a great temptation to corruption if a systematic drive of

the Colony for purposes of registration were attempted.

effective, and such powers would be intensely unpopular.

(d) Registration would be very unsatisfactory, if persons not domiciled in the Colony were exempted, partly because domicile is often so difficult to de- termine, and partly because so many Chinese are not domiciled here. (e) The daily ebb and flow of population across the frontiers of Hong Kong, both by land and water estimated at between five and six thousand each way, and the constant movement of the population within the Colony, both to and from the island and the mainland, present difficulties which can hardly be exaggerated. An army of inspectors with the widest power of entry and search would be required to enforce registration and heavy expenditure would be incurred to little or no purpose.

(f) The parents of a mui-tsai are usually satisfied with her situation, and the child herself is usually content with her position and quite prepared to co-operate in any deception necessary to avoid registration.

(g) It would be very difficult to secure persons qualified to make the necessary

inquisition.

248

17. You enquire whether an addition should be made to Paragraph 4 of the Ordinance, providing that no mui-tsai may be brought into the Colony for services in that capacity. I fear that such a condition, if made, would be completely in- effective. It would be quite impossible to detect mui-tsai on arrival in the Colony, except by accident; and after arrival in the Colony the inquisition, necessary for detection of a newly arrived mui-tsai would be as difficult as in the case of those who had been resident here for years. Such a provision, if enacted, would almost cer- tainly be a dead letter.

18. You enquire also whether, if the importation of fresh mui-tsai cannot be prevented, it is to be understood that effective abolition of the system in Hong Kong must wait until that importation ceases. In the opinion of myself and my advisers, effective abolition seems impossible except by gradual education of the Chinese com- munity on this subject and by slow, but constant, pressure and by discouragement of the system in every possible way. The practice will probably never entirely disap- pear from this Colony unless and until China really gives it up. It colours all the Chinese population that flows into Hong Kong. It would be as hard to free Hong Kong from it as to keep a space clear of mud at the mouth of the Canton River.

19. Finally, you refer to a proclamation, advertising the rights of mui-tsai, Enclosure 4. issued in 1922, and enquire whether any similar proclamation has been issued subse- quently, and you ask whether it would not be practicable to issue such proclamations regularly, or even to have notices permanently displayed bringing home to mui-tsai their rights of personal freedom. I find that no proclamation has been issued on this subject since the proclamation of April 14th, 1922, which was a translation in Chin- ese of the proclamation suggested in my predecessor's telegram of March 28th, 1922, but I have now issued another proclamation of which I enclose a copy and which I shall cause to be permanently displayed at police stations and, if possible, at steamer wharves and other public places.

20. This Government will do its utmost to bring the institution of mui-tsai to an end within the Colony as soon as it is practicable to do so. We shall give the most earnest consideration to any practical proposals, which may be put forward to that end; but we consider that, unless effective steps are taken by the Chinese authorities to abolish in fact, and not merely on paper, the mui-tsai system as it now exists in China and especially in the Kwangtung province, it will not be possible, by means of legislation or by bringing into force Part II of the Female Domestic Service Ordi- nance, No. 1 of 1923, to accelerate the abolition of mui-tsai in this Colony.

I have, etc.

Enclosure 1 in No. 20.

TRANSLATION.

C. CLEMENTI.

AMENDED REGULATIONS FOR THE EMANCIPATION OF SLAVES AND MUI-TSAI.

(1) The Mayors and Magistrates of all cities and districts shall make careful en- quiries as to the condition of slaves and mui-tsai in their respective localities, and report to the Provincial Government and the Commissioner of Civil Administration. The Magistrates shall send in their reports within 3 months and the Mayors within two months.

(2) Freedom shall be restored to all (male) peasant slaves in the country no matter whether they are called adopted sons or "Ka shang". The terms masters and slaves shall be abolished.

تي

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(3) If any master who formerly kept slaves dares to threaten or oppress them in contravention of these regulations, the aggrieved party may make a complaint to the Authorities.

(4) From the date of the publication of these regulations no girls shall be bought, sold or pledged as mui-tsai, and all agreements for such purposes shall be null and void.

(5) All existing mui-tsai at the time of the enforcement of these regulations shall no longer be called mui-tsai, but shall be called adopted daughters. All agreements or presentation deeds in respect of their purchase and sale, shall be sent to the nearest Police Station for cancellation and registration in a register specially provided for the

purpose.

(6) No adopted daughters shall be ill-treated. They shall be sent to school during the age of 12 to 16, and shall not be married later than 23, but may be allowed to remain single if they choose.

(7) No adopted daughters shall be forced to become concubines.

(8) Adequate clothing, board and lodging shall be provided for adopted daughters according to the circumstances (of their adopted parents).

(9) Each District Magistrate and Mayor should, after considering the local condi- tions, take steps to establish Poor Girls' Homes or Female Industrial Schools.

(10) After the publication of these regulations, if any person is proved by the Kai- fong or neighbours or discovered by the Police to have beaten or maltreated his adopted daughter, the Magistrate, Mayor, or Officer in charge of any Police Station concerned, shall send the girl to a Poor Girls' Home or to a Female Industrial School to be brought up.

The person who ill-treated the girl shall be fined as warning. When anybody who has been fined for maltreating his adopted daughter is found to have maltreated her again, a greater fine or other punishment will be imposed.

(11) Anybody who commits any breach of Regulations 3, 4 and 7 shall be punished according to the law, and anybody who violates Regulations 2, 5, 6 and 8 shall be fined according to the offence.

(12) These regulations shall be enforced from the date of publication.

(Dated) 1st March of the 16th year of the Republic (1927).

Sir,

Enclosure 2 in No. 20.

LETTER FROM CONSUL AT AMOY TO GOVERNOR.

1st May 1929.

I have the honour to acknowledge receipt of your letter, T/S:AMP, No. 1961/ 1910, of the 24th April, enclosing a copy of extracts from an article entitled "The Mui Tsai" question, published in the issue of the 20th April of a Canton newspaper entitled The China Truth, and enquiring whether regulations prohibiting the Muitsai system had been promulgated by the Chinese authorities in this district; and if so, what practical effect, if any, such regulations have had on the employment and treatment of Muitsai.

2. The judge of the Chinese District Court of Amoy, whose advice I have sought in this matter, informs me that no new regulations have been promulgated by the Fukien authorities prohibiting Pei nü (, the equivalent in this and other provinces of China of Muitsai (), a term which appears to be confined to the province of Kuangtung.

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3. In theory, the Pei nü (maid-servant or slave girl) system has no existence in China, where slavery, expressly forbidden in the latter years of the Manchu dynasty, is now a punishable offence under Article 313 of the Criminal Code of the Chinese Republic; but, in actual fact, it is in force from one end of the country to the other. Girls are everywhere openly bought and sold for maid-servants or slaves, the euphemism Yang nü () "adopted girl", usurping the place of Pei nü () so offensive to the ear of the law, and their use as domestic slaves in the families of well-to-do Chinese is too common to call for comment, except on the rare occasions when inhuman treatment oc- casioning the death or injury of some unfortunate girl is brought to light. One such case of revolting cruelty, to which prominence was recently given in the local Chinese press, has induced a few social reformers to start a "Society for the liberation of Slave Girls" in Amoy, but the support given to the Society is of a perfunctory and apathetic nature, public opinion being as yet unconvinced of the necessity of interfering with an age long custom. This indifference arises in all probability from the belief shared by all classes that the generality of slave girls are well treated by their mistresses.

3. An agreement for the sale or purchase of a slave girl in any form other than that of "adoption by purchase" (Yang nü), is void in law, and the principals are punishable under section 257 of the Chinese Criminal Code. On the other hand, the purchase of a girl for the purpose of becoming the concubine of a particular man, as distinct from procuration for the purpose of general prostitution, would not appear to be prohibited in Chinese law, and is effected in conformity with local custom, which varies in some particulars in every province and, indeed, in every district. No agreement or bill of sale is, as a rule drawn up nor, if drawn up, would it be recognised as valid in law, but the assistance of the Chinese Courts can be successfully invoked for the protection of a girl whose person has been sold by her relatives against her will, and, more doubt- fully, to regulate the relations of the parties or arrange for their subesquent separation.

4. I have the honour to attach copy of the* Chinese* and English text of Articles 257 (1) and 313 (1) of the Chinese Criminal Code, to which I have made reference in this despatch.

I have, etc.

W. RUSSELL BROWN.

ENCLOSURE TO MR. W. RUSSELL BROWN'S DESPATCH OF 1ST MAY, 1929.

Extracts from the Criminal Code of the Republic of China.

(Promulgated on 10th March, 1928, by the Nationalist Government).

CHAPTER XVI.

Offences against the Institutions of Marriages and the Family.

Article 267 (1) :

Whoever with or without his or her consent-takes away any person, who has not completed the twentieth year of his or her age, from the person having parental au- thority, or from his or her guardian or curator, shall be punished with imprisonment for not less than six months and not more than five years.

CHAPTER XXV.

Offences against Personal Liberty.

Article 313 (1):

Whoever brings another into a state of slavery shall be punished with imprison- ment for not less than one year and not more than seven years.

*Not printed.

251

Enclosure 3 in No. 20.

TRANSLATION.

Answer to your questions:--

(1) Question-Have the magistrates of various Districts taken any definite steps to make enquiries about mui-tsai and get them registered?

Answer-The Regulations for the Emancipation of mui-tsai were amended in the 16th year of the Republic (1927), but few Districts have enforced them, since the Dis- tricts are generally vast in area, and poorly policed, and door-to-door enquiries are im- possible. In the city of Canton, the Police have warned the people from door to door in compliance with the regulations to report in case they have any mui-tsai, and to sub- mit for examination the deeds they have in respect of them. But in each Police Section of the City, not more than 10 cases have been reported, and the regulations are only a matter of form.

(2) Question-Has the buying and selling of mui-tsai been entirely suppressed in the Province?

Answer-The regulations were very strictly enforced in the 1st year of the Repu- blic (1912) by CHAN KING WA (the then Police Commissioner in Canton). During his regime more than 10 cases of dispute over mui-tsai occurred, and the mui-tsai were handed back to their parents by him. Later the political situation changed, and as time went by slackness grew, and the regulations became practically a dead letter. After the regula- tions were amended in the 16th year (1927) purchases of mui-tsai still continued despite the prohibition specified therein, and this shows the impracticability of the regulations.

(3) Question-Have any notable cases of dispute occurred as a result of which mui-tsai have been sent to school?

Answer-Some masters send their mui-tsar to school in the hope that they can be sold to rich families as concubines for one or two hundred dollars more. I have not heard of any mui-tsai being sent to school as a result of any dispute reported to a Police Station.

(4) Question-Have any association or schools been established in the Province for the accommodation of mui-tsai?

Answer-None yet. The annual revenue of the Government of Kwangtung amounts to $100,000,000 but the funds appropriated for educational purposes do not constitute 20% of the expenditure of the civil and military administrations. Probably of all pro- vinces, Kwangtung has been given the least funds for educational purposes.

At present any delay in sending in an application will make an applicant unable to gain admission to any municipal or public school. This shows the insufficiency of schools to meet the edu- cation of the community, so how they afford to establish schools for the accommodation. of mui-tsai?

(5) Question-Have Associations for the Abolition of mui-tsai been established in the Province?

Answer-The abolition of mui-tsai is a good idea in the interests of humanity. But China is a vast country with a dense population, and the idea cannot be altogether excel- lent. Piracy and unemployment prevail in all outlying districts. Industry and trade have not yet been developed, and no institution have been established for the accommodation of the unemployed. The cost of living in Kwangtung is particularly high, and poor fami- lies of several persons generally cannot earn enough for their support. People who have several daughters, will sell some of them to others as mui-tsai in the hope that they can secure means of livelihood with the sum of about $100 which is acquired through the sale, and save their families from starvation. If mui-tsai are suddenly abolished, unless loans

252

can be raised, such people will not be able to do anything but fold up their arms and wait for death. The so-called prohibition in previous years of girls from binding up their breasts and the suppression this year of Chinese medical practitioners and astrologers were all attempted without the regard to circumstances and the fact that it would lead to unem- ployment, and I am afraid that such measures will only turn out unsuccessful.

If the mui-tsai question is to be solved for the sake of humanity, it will suffice if the rich fami- lies are prohibited from maltreating them. Poor girls, who have been sold to be mui-tsai, generally refuse to go back to their parents even when forced to do so by their masters. They prefer to remain mui-tsai for they are free from cold and hunger and can have better food, lodging and clothing. Each year very few cases have occurred in which mui-tsai want to go back to their families.

(6) Question-Have any cases occurred in the Province of maltreatment of mui-tsai and have any persons been sentenced under these regulations?

Answer--You can find an answer in the foregoing.

Enclosure 4 in No. 20.

PROCLAMATION.

The following proclamation is issued by the Governor under instructions from His Majesty's Government.

Slavery is not allowed to exist in the British Empire and therefore it must be un- derstood that mui-tsai are not the property of their employers.

Any mui-tsai who wish to leave their employers and return to their parents are en- titled to do so at any time without the payment of any money, but they should go to the Secretary for Chinese Affairs or the nearest Police Station in order that this may be arranged.

Muitsai are warned that they must not leave their present homes without going to the Secretary for Chinese Affairs or nearest Police Station in order that they may not fall into the hands of ill-disposed persons.

Masters and mistresses are specially warned against any attempt to prevent mui- tsai from seeing the Secretary for Chinese Affairs or applying at a Police Station.

Sir,

No. 21.

DESPATCH FROM SECRETARY OF STATE TO GOVERNOR.

22nd August, 1929.

I have had under my consideration the correspondence relating to the mui-tsai question in Hong Kong ending with your despatch No. 251 of the 16th of May.

2. The question is by no means a new one. It attracted the attention of my pre- decessors, Mr. Churchill and the Duke of Devonshire, and also of the House of Commons as far back as 1922. In reply to a question in the House of Commons Mr. Churchill stated in a reply which was communicated to your predecessor in a telegram of 21st of March, 1922: "I desire to make it clear that both the Governor and I are determined to affect the abolition of the system at the earliest practicable date, and I have indicated to the Governor that I expect the change to be carried out within a year".

253

3. In pursuance of this policy an Ordinance was passed on the 15th of February, 1923 entitled "The Female Domestic Service Ordinance, 1923". The first part of this Ordinance negatived the idea that rights of property in a female child could be conferred on a third person by payment to the parent or guardian of such child. The second part amongst other things provided that no person should hereafter take into his employment any mui-tsai, and forbade the transference of an existing mui-tsai from one employer to

another.

If effect were given to these provisions, it is clear that the mui-tsai being only recruited from those brought into the Colony from outside should steadily decrease in

numbers.

4. Part III of the Ordinance provided for the registration inspection and control of mui-tsai, and forbade under penalty any person having in his employment an unregister- ed mui-tsai. Further, it was laid down that no person should have in his employment any female domestic servant under the age of ten years unless such servant was a regis- tered mui-tsai, and that every mui-tsai over the age of ten years should be entitled to such wages for her services as shall be prescribed.

5. In view, however, of the representations of the Governor as to the opposition of the Chinese population to the Enactment generally, and particularly to Part III, the Duke of Devonshire in his despatch of the 2nd of May, 1923 wrote: "I concur in your suggestion that the question of registration and of payment of wages may be left in abey- ance for the present, and that Part III of the Ordinance should not be brought into opera- tion unless and until it is shown to be necessary".

6. It now appears however that after six years from the passing of the Ordinance the most that can be said (vide paragraph 6 of your despatch of 23rd of February) is that there is no reason to believe that the number of Muitsai in the Colony has increased.

7. After making all allowance for the difficulties in bringing the system to an end which are described at length in your despatches, it is my duty to inform you that public opinion in this country and in the House of Commons will not accept such a result with equanimity, and that I feel myself quite unable to defend a policy of laissez faire in this serious matter.

8. I must, therefore, direct that the third part of the Domestic Service Ordinance should be brought into force forthwith, and special care must be taken to inform the popu- lation generally that it is in force, and that it will not be allowed to be a dead letter. You should also at once proceed to make Regulations under Section 12 of the Ordinance for the keeping of the Registers, for the remuneration of mui-tsai, and for their inspection and control. It will be doubtless necessary for you to appoint additional officers in the Department of the Secretary of Chinese Affairs to carry out the work of registration and inspection.

9. Further, I consider that Part II of the Ordinance should be amended so as to forbid the bringing into the Colony of any mui-tsai. There can be the less objection to such a provision inasmuch as I learn from your despatch that the status of mui-tsai has been abolished by law in China.

10. I fully realise that time will be required to make the Law effective, but I am not prepared to acquiesce in a merely nominal enforcement of the Law. Any offence against the Ordinance which comes to light should be made the subject of prosecution without regard to the position of the offender and a full Report should be furnished every six months on the working of the Ordinance and of the proceedings taken under it

11. Whilst feeling bound by the traditional policy of this country in regard to any institution that savours of slavery to take steps for the abolition of the mui-tsai system nothwithstanding any opposition in the Colony, I need hardly remind you of the desirabi- lity of enlisting as far as possible Chinese opinion in favour of the change. This will be the less difficult since it is clear from your despatch that the best opinion in China itself is opposed to the institution as is evidenced by the Law which has been passed abolishing it.

254

12. I also strongly approve of the proposals made in your telegram of the 3rd of March for the institution of a Society in Hong Kong on the same lines as the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children in this country, and I should be glad to learn. what progress has been made in this direction.

13. It is my intention to lay the correspondence on this subject before Parliament as soon as it reassembles.

I have, etc.

PASSFIELD.

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255

HONG KONG.

No.

EXPERT OPINION GIVEN BY THE HON. DR. S. W. TS'O, O.B.E., LL.D.,

CHINESE MEMBER OF THE HONG KONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL,

IN A MUI-TSAI CASE TRIED BEFORE THE HONG KONG POLICE MAGISTRATE ON THE 26TH SEPTEMBER, 1929.

1929

In order to understand the answers to the following questions it is necessary, first, to have some knowledge of the real mui-tsai System in China. The term mui-tsai, literally translated into English, is "Small Sister". The reason for employing such a term for a class of servant girls is partly explained by the Chinese method of teaching young children to be polite and to treat those below them with consideration. Mui-tsai, though a servant, is not considered to be like a paid servant and merely a member of the household, but a member of the family. It is difficult to trace the origin of this system, but from descriptions in old Chinese books this class of young girls was probably the daughters of paid servants employed in rich or powerful families. For the advancement of their young daughters these servants would deem it fortunate if their daughters were allowed to be admitted into such families as attendants to the ladies of the house, where they would be well looked after, having good food and good clothing, and where they could acquire good manners and gentleness and, as personal attendants or companions to the young ladies of the house, they could also learn needle-work, embroidery, reading, writ- ing and other accomplishments. Being personal attendants to the ladies they were never required to perform any domestic or menial work, as in such families there were plenty of paid servants to do the menial work. Having attained a certain degree of accomplish- ment, these girls acquired a status far above that of their parents. When they grew up to a marriageable age, they might and invariably did, through the influence of their Mas- ter, marry into well-to-do families. In such cases the parents would be too thankful for what was being done for their daughter to interfere with the arrangements made by the Master or Mistress for the girl. A connection by marriage with a well-to-do family would mean also the advancement of the family of the parent, although the girl might not be married as a wife but as a concubine. Girls having been brought up in such a way became deeply attached to their Mistresses and were greatly trusted by them and the whole family. Instances have occurred, we are told, of such girls making great personal sacrifices for the sake of their Mistresses when the Master's family got into trouble

This System of servant girls or mui-tsai became so satisfactory and beneficial to both sides, particularly to the girls, that poor parents were quite willing to part with their daughters to any well-to-do family to be a mui-tsai, leaving absolutely in the hands of the Master or Mistress the care and control of their daughters. On the other hand the well- to-do families, finding this class of servant girls so trust-worthy and so much attached to the family, being reared up in the family from quite a tender age, began to appreciate this class of girl servants. Hence the mui-tsai System came into vogue. Poor parents being in need of money would, on parting with their daughter, ask for some compensa- tion for the expense they had incurred since the child's birth, not as a price or value of the girl, but as a refund of such expense. The amount was usually a nominal sum. Unfor- tunately by taking money the transaction became at once a case of buying and selling of children. However, in such transactions the following conditions attached even to this day by tradition, that is to say :-

(1) That the Master or Mistress should be responsible for the welfare and the person of the child by giving her proper food and clothing, and in case of illness, medical attendance.

(2) That the girl should be considered to be a member of the family, and not

as a paid servant.

(3) That when she is old enough to be married, she must be properly mar-

ried by the Master or Mistress as a wife or concubine.

256

Appen- dix A.

(4) That no girl should be sold as a prostitute and this should apply to a

mui-tsai as much as to any girl.

(5) That by custom, when a mui-tsai is engaged to be married, if her parents be then living, the Master or Mistress should notify them of the fact and the circumstances attending thereto. If the parents desired to do so they would associate with the family of the girl's husband as if she had been married by them. In such a case the responsibility of the Master or Mis- tress would cease but if her parents be dead the girl, after her marriage, would be treated in her Master's house as a "quasi daughter" and her husband as a "quasi-son-in-law"; and all the thousand and one, Chinese ceremonies relating to child birth and annual festivities etc., would be performed by and at the expense of the Mistress as a mother-in-law.

There is one point I omitted to mention in my memorandum to H.E. the Governor on the question of mui-tsai, that is (6) a mui-tsai wears mourning on the death of her Mas- ter or Mistress for the same period as that of a daughter. This is custom and is usually done but is not provided by law, as the law only prescribes the period of mourning of per- sons related to the deceased within the 5 degrees of consanguinity. This point is very important as it shows that a mui-tsai is treated by the Chinese as a foster-daughter.

Now I will proceed to answer the following questions.

Question 1.-Is the Document Exhibit "A" consistent with:----

(1) An intent that the child should be adopted as the daughter of first defen-

dant (Lei Wong Shi), or,

(2) An intent that the child should render to the first defendant services as a

domestic servant?

Or, is the document equally consistent with either such intention?

Answer :-Exhibit "A" is the usual form of a document presenting a daughter to another family as a mui-tsai. With the explanation of the meaning and position of a mui- tsai in a family as above, a mui-tsai is neither an adopted daughter in the strict legal sense of the word "adoption" according to Chinese law, nor is she a domestic servant in the ordinary sense of a menial or paid servant. She is rather in the position of a foster- daughter liable to do such domestic service as a natural daughter might be called upon to do at any time. The amount or degree of household work to be performed by her de- pends entirely on the social position of the family to which she is attached. When there are plenty of paid servants in the house she is only called upon to do the very light kind of household duties. Therefore Exhibit "A" is equally consistent with the intentions of 1 and 2 in the question.

Question 2.—Is it customary or usual among the Chinese to adopt daughters?

Answer: No. It is unusual to "adopt" daughters among the Chinese but they are in the habit of having foster-daughters. The word "adopt" has a special meaning in the Chinese law. There is only one kind of adoption in the Chinese law, that is, the adoption of an heir male (there is no such thing as a female heir in China) to carry on or continue the line of lineal descent for the purposes of ancestral worship. The law regulates the proper class of male persons to be adopted as an heir but no regulation exists to provide for the adoption of a daughter. To use the word adopt loosely and to apply it to females is rather misleading and confusing.

Question 3.-Would such adoption be usual for an elderly lady whose own only daughter had died? Would the fact that the lady had a son and several grandchildren affect the position?

Answer: To use the word "fostering". Yes. Particularly with old spinsters or old ladies whose children are all married-more so if the only daughter had died. The fact of having grand-children does not affect the position. The object of having a foster- daughter is so that the old lady might have some one constantly near her and that she might receive the little attentions, care and affection of some one like a daughter. When one foster-daughter is married, she would look for another.

イ

257

Question 4.-If a daughter were to be adopted would it be customary or usual to adopt some female relative?

Answer:—As answered in question 2 it is very unusual to adopt a daughter in the strict legal sense of the word. There is no object in adopting a daughter in the whole fabric of the Chinese Constitution. In the case of relatives, if the family of a relative be in affluent circumstances no daughter would be given to another man as an adopted or foster-daughter. If the parents of a relative be poor then they would ask compensation for "rice, ginger and vinegar money". If that happens, it at once places the child in the same position as a foster-daughter or mui-tsai. Besides, to adopt (using the word in a loose. sense) a relative as a daughter one has to be very careful as she must be of a generation next below that of the adoptor, otherwise a person of a higher generation (that is, the Aunt Class) might inadvertently be made to become a daughter, which is punishable by law for upsetting the natural family relationship. With regard to strangers no such precaution is needed.

Question 5.-Would it be in accordance with custom to adopt the child of persons entirely unrelated to and unknown to the adoptive parent?

Answer: Yes. See answer 4.

Question 6.-Assuming that such an adoption was not contrary to custom, would the adopted child's surname be changed to that of the adoptive parent?

Answer-As there is no legal adoption of a daughter in China, the change of surname is not absolutely necessary. Some do, however, and it all depends on the degree of attachment and affection between the adopter and the adopted.

Question 7.-Would it be in accordance with custom for the surname of a mui- tsai to be changed for that of its adoptive parent?

Answer:-A mui-tsai is in the position of a foster-daughter and the answer to question 6 applies to this question.

Question 8.-Is it customary or usual in the case of bona fide adoption for a "rice, ginger and vinegar fee" to be paid to the child's parent by the adoptive parent?

Answer:-As there is no legal adoption of a daughter in the same sense as that of an adoption of a son, it is usual in the case of a bona fide adoption of a foster-daughter for a rice, ginger and vinegar fee, to be paid to the child's parent by the adoptive parent.

Question 9.-Is such a fee ever or usually paid in the case of the adoption of a male child?

Answer-No. The adoption is done by law. The adoptive parent only decides the person to be adopted among the class of persons adoptable by law.

Question 10.-Is it customary or usual to insert in a document evidencing a trans- action of adoption double the amount actually paid for a "rice, ginger and vinegar fee?"

Answer: No. The fee paid in such cases is nominal and not the ascertained ex-

penses.

Question 11. Is it customary or usual in the case of bona fide adoption to have any document evidencing the transaction?

Answer-In the case of a bona fide adoption of a son, No. The announcement in the family of the decision of the adopter is sufficient. In the case of a bona fide adoption of a foster-daughter, Yes.

Question 12.-Is it customary or usual to stipulate that if the adopted child is found disobedient to instructions the adoptive parent shall have the right to present the child to any other person?

258

Answer:-This clause is unusual. But it seems there is an inherent right of parents or an adoptive parent to present the child to any other person on the same terms as those of the original deed of presentation if the child turns out to be unmanageable.

Question 13.-Is it not the essence of adoption that the transaction shall be irre- vocable and that the child thenceforward at all times stands in the relation of a child to the adoptive parent?

Answer:-No. Even the adoption of an heir is not irrevocable. If an adopted heir turns out to be disobedient to the adoptive parent, his adoption may be revoked upon application to a court of law.

Question 14.-If such is not the essence of adoption is it not foreign to the con- ception of adoption that in case of disobedience the adoptive parent should have an un- restricted right to present the child to whomsoever such adoptive parent may choose?

Answer: The answer to question 13 applies to this question. In China the parent or the adoptive parent who is in loco parentis seems to have such unrestricted right.

Question 15.-Is such an unrestricted right of presentation in case of disobedience consistent with the child being handed over as a mui-tsai.

Answer:-Yes, it may be so. But the terms of such presentation must be the same as that of the original deed of presentation. That is, either to be a servant, if the original terms meant her to be servant, or a foster-daughter, as the case may be.

Question 16.-Is it customary or usual in the case of bona fide adoption to stipu- late that the adoptive parent shall have the right to get the child married at her discre- tion?

Answer: The adoptive parent being a person in loco parentis has the inherent right of a natural parent of making arrangements for the marriage of the adopted or fos- ter-daughter. This stipulation need not be inserted in the deed of presentation but is usually inserted.

Question 17.-Is not such a right one which is incidental to the relationship of em- ployer and mui-tsai?

Answer: This right of marrying a mui-tsai is incidental to the relationship of the Master or Mistress and a mui-tsai who is in the position of a foster-daughter; but it does not exist between an employer and a paid servant girl, that is Chue Nin Mui (住妹)

Question 18.-What is the strict meaning of the word which is translated as "pre-

sented"?

Answer:-The word

translated as presented means "Given as a gift”.

Question 19.—Is it a word which one would expect to find used in connection with adoption and/or the establishment of the relationship of employer and mui-tsai?

Answer: This word is used in order to distinguish the relationship between the Master or Mistress and the mui-tsai who is to be treated as a foster-daughter and as a member of the family from that of the relationship between an employer and a paid servant say, the Chue Nin Mui (*). If an agreement had to be made between an employer and a paid servant the word used would be or that is "to engage".

Question 20.-Is it customary or usual for an employer to provide for a mui- tsai an ample wardrobe, including silk garments and ornaments such as a gold ring and a pair of ear-rings?

Answer-If the Master or Mistress is well-to-do and is in the position of a foster parent of a mui-tsai, Yes. If the Master or Mistress is not rich or is in the position of employer of a "paid mui-tsai", No.

259

Question 21.—Is it customary among the Chinese for the younger daughters of a house to participate in the duties ordinarily performed by domestic servants such as the sweeping of floors, the cleaning of spittoons, dusting of rooms and the like?

Answer: Yes. Not only the younger ones but all daughters. Unless the family employs many servants daughters do perform household duties. It is considered by the Chinese to be a virtue in their daughters to do household duties.

Question 22. Has the parent of a mui-tsai a right to redeem his child and if so upon what terms?

Answer:-Yes. The Chinese have the greatest respect for the natural affection between parents and children. If parents desire the return of their daughter after being presented to another family as a mui-tsai for a reunion of their family, a Court of Justice would order the return of the daughter subject to payment of compensation. But in most cases the natural feeling among Chinese in such cases would not oppose the return of the girl provided it is a bona fide case of reunion. Compensation would be paid for the up-keep of the girl calculated in a nominal sum upon the number of years she has been in the Master's or Mistress' family.

260

APPENDIX“A”.

立送女人林勇係廣東省新會縣石咀村人氏現在香港油蔴地旺角上海街四百五十三號門牌三樓居住今因身體染有疾病無銀醫

理而且米價高昂難以度日是以夫妻商議自愿將親生女兒名喚林阿長年方七歲十二月廿一日所生憑相識友人李蘇氏介紹至李黃氏處三面言定由李黃氏補回養育米飯薑醋銀共香港銀紙壹百九十元正親手接收即將生女林阿長交與李黃氏撫育如有不遵

敎訓任從李黃氏轉送別人後來長大成人任從李黃氏主意將其遣嫁自送之後倘有山高水低各安天命此係朋友相信弍家尤肯並無拐帶情事恐口無憑立此存據

指印

一實領到送女補囘養育米飯薑醋銀壹百九十元正

香港大英一千九百二十四年

}

月

見

四

証

立送女寫存據及收銀人

見據仝接銀

號

人

林

人

林勇妻陳氏

勇

氏

的筆

指印

261

APPENDIX "B". (Translation of the above).

I, Lam Yung, native of Shek Tsui village, San Wui District, Kwongtung, now residing at No. 453 Shanghai Street, Mongkok, Yaumati, 2nd floor, am the maker of this Deed for the presentation of my daughter. It happens that I have fallen ill, and have no money to pay for medical expenses. Further the price of rice has greatly gone up and I cannot earn enough to pass my days. Therefore I, after due discussion with my wife,. am willing to leave my own daughter named Lam Ah Tseung, aged 7, born on the 21st day of the 12th moon, to be introduced by my acquaintance Li So Man to Li Wong Shi. It was stipulated and agreed between the 3 parties that a "rice, ginger and vinegar fee” of $190 in Hong Kong notes should be given me as compensation. The money was per- sonally received by me and the girl Lam Ah Tseung was handed over to Li Wong Shi to be brought up. If the girl is found disobedient to her instructions, Li Wong Shi shall have the right to present the girl to any other person and when the girl grows up in the future, Li Wong Shi shall have the right to get her married at her own discretion. After the girl is presented, each party shall acquiesce in Heaven's decree in case of any misfortune. This is a mutual trust between friends, and has been agreed between both parties; and it is in no way a case of kidnapping. To avoid the unreliability of a verbal promise, this deed is made as proof.

A "rice, ginger and vinegar fee" of $190 has been personally received by me as compensation for the presentation of his daughter.

Finger-print of Li So Shi-the witness.

Finger-print and personal signature of Lam Yung, maker of this deed for the

presentation of his daughter and recipient of the money.

Finger-print of Chan Shi, wife of Lam Yung, who is also a recipient of the

money.

(Dated) 4th November, 1924.

263

HONG KONG.

MEMORANDUM ON THE USE OF OPIUM IN HONG KONG.

1929.

Part I.

THE SITUATION AS REGARDS THE USE OF OPIUM

PREPARED FOR SMOKING.

No.

13 1929

Smokers.

1. It is difficult to give any accurate estimate of the numbers of persons in Numbers of the Colony who use opium. It was the considered opinion of a Committee which was appointed by the Government in 1924 that some 20% to 25% of the adult Chinese population, including some 1% or 2% of the adult female population, used opium, and it was thought at that time that there had been a slight tendency towards an increase in the percentage during the previous six or seven years.

2. The above-mentioned Committee considered that there was no Chinese Popular

opinion on public opinion hostile to the use of opium and, in fact, that the practice of opium ope of smoking had a very large measure of popular support.. Nothing has transpired of re- opium. cent years to indicate that popular opinion had undergone any change.

3. Two factors contribute to render it impossible to give any accurate es- Consumption timate of the quantity of prepared opium consumed per head of the population.

per head of population.

Difficulty of ascertain-

The first of these factors is the difficulty of ascertaining the actual population ment. of the Colony.

According to the census taken in 1921 the population was then 625,166, but in 1924 the above-mentioned Committee regarded 1,300,000 as very much nearer the mark.

The population is, moreover, subject to great variations occasioned by the influx of labourers when conditions are favourable in this Colony and to other in- fluxes of refugees when conditions in South China are disturbed.

A very large floating population also contributes to the difficulty of accurate ascertainment.

The second factor is the impossibility of determining with any accuracy the amount of opium which is smuggled into the Colony. In recent years the figures of actual seizures of smuggled opium have fluctuated between a maximum of 300,567 taels in 1923 and 48,450 taels in 1928.

The view has been expressed that the amount smuggled into the Colony is at least equal to the amount of Government opium sold, but in view of the high price of Government opium ($14.50 per tael) compared with the low price of smuggled opium (say $2.80 to $3.50 per tael), the difficulty of the prevention of smuggling owing to the geographical position of the Colony, and the diminution of sales of Government opium notwithstanding the increase of population it appears not unlikely that the amount smuggled very greatly exceeds the amount legitimately sold.

Fluctuations

of sales and population.

variations in

The question of the registration

264

The sharp rise to nearly four times the ordinary sales when the price of Government opium was reduced in 1927 (see Part III paragraph 4 of this Memoran- dum) confirms this view.

4. In the year 1918 the amount of Government opium sold in the Colony was 639,684 taels. In the year 1924 the amount sold was 351,560 taels and in the year 1928 the amount sold was 247,352 taels.

There had been, between 1918 and 1924, a very substantial increase in the population. In 1924 the Colony was in a most prosperous state and the maximum population was in all probability then reached; and though during the years 1925 and 1926 there was a great exodus of the labouring population, it is considered that the population has now again reached the figure at which it stood in 1924. The sales of opium in the year 1928 therefore show a most substantial reduction when compared with those of the year in which the population most nearly approximated the present figure.

It is impossible to state with any accuracy the difference between the popula- tion in 1918 and that in 1928, but some indication of the growth of the Colony can be deduced from the fact that during the intervening years 8,650 new domestic buildings have been erected in the Colony and there is still a demand for increased accommodation.

It is clear that the population in 1928 was very much greater than it was in 1918 but the official sales of opium had fallen by nearly 400,000 taels.

5. The Government has given serious consideration to the question of the pos- sibility of registration and licensing of consumers. It has, however, come to the or licensing conclusion that any system of registration would be impossible owing to the great of consumers. number of consumers, which, taking the conservative estimate of 20% on the last

census figure, would be over 125,000 persons.

Obstacles to

It is felt that any system of registration would also be abortive on account of the difficulty which would be experienced in controlling so fluctuating and unstable a population and so large a floating population.

Any system of licensing would be open to great abuses in the buying and sell- ing of licences, in impersonation and in the cornering of stocks and profiteering by licencees.

If the granting of licences were confined to individuals permanently resident in the Colony, it is felt that this would prove an increased incentive to the fluctuat- ing population to bring in opium from China. The wealthier class of temporary re- sidents would in all probability purchase Government opium from the licensed per- manent residents and this would tend to increase application for licences, as members of the lower classes would be put forward as figure-heads in order that larger sup- plies might be obtained.

A system of registration might possibly lead to some diminution in the sales of Government opium but, owing to the difficulty of the prevention of smuggling, it is regarded as extremely unlikely that it would lead to any diminution whatsoever in the total amount of opium consumed in the Colony.

6. In the present state of Chinese public opinion the only way to diminish or diminution put a stop to the use of opium in the Colony is to diminish or put a stop to its pro-

duction elsewhere.

of use.

That no effective control on the production of opium is exercised within the neighbouring provinces of China is clearly evidenced by the fact that of the total seizures of illicit opium made in Hong Kong in the year 1928 more than 74% was opium of Chinese origin, and it is noteworthy that most of the raw opium seized bore Chinese revenue labels.

265

limitation

7. The Government feels that the fixing of any maximum limit for the amount The possibil- of prepared opium to be placed on sale, calculated according to the number of adult ity of Chinese population, would result in the buying up and hoarding of stocks by specula- by fixing a tors who would resell at an enhanced price, and the substitution of smuggled opium maximum for for Government opium in so far as the supply fell short of the demand.

This was sales. found to be the case when a similar expedient was tried in the Straits Settlements and the Punjab.

Government

8. The limitation of sales by any further raising of the price of Government The possibil- opium would in the opinion of the Government, also fail to diminish consumption, as ity of smuggled opium would take the place of Government opium.

There is an undoubted demand for Chinese opium, but the fact that much of the. smuggled Chinese opium is heavily adulterated prevents its ousting entirely the Government opium from the local market.

limitation by increasing Government prices.

9. In the past stringent measures were taken against those keeping or using Opium opium divans.

These divans were used largely by members of the coolie class and were in the main cubicles in tenement houses and bed or bunk spaces in coolie lodging houses.

The keepers were generally people in very poor circumstances who kept a few pipes and a few mace of smuggled opium and charged 5 or 10 cents for a smoke.

Any attempt to control and limit the use of the divans necessarily involved great demands upon the time of revenue officers, and the result of raids was that the gaols became congested with thousands of members of the labouring classes who were thrown into prison every year for smoking opium in these so-called divans. The Government recognized that these individuals were the victims of economic pressure who, unable to afford to pay the price of Government opium, found available a plenti- ful supply of cheap smuggled Chinese opium.

The enforcement of the provisions prohibiting the keeping and using of divans thus involved the Government in heavy expense and at the same time curtailed the time available for the more useful activities of the Revenue officers.

In these circumstances the Government in 1928 relaxed the enforcement of measures against the keepers and users of divans and the number of convictions for

'divan" offences in that year fell to 13 as compared with 4,796 in 1927.

The very small quantity of opium usually seized in "divan" raids and the more beneficial use of the revenue officers' services in other directions can best be gauged by the fact that while 2261 seizures in 1927 yielded 48,921 taels, the reduced num- ber of 711 seizures in 1928 yielded the closely comparable figure of 48,450 taels.

divans.

10. A strong force of revenue officers and searchers is maintained by the Increase in Government and this has been increased as the population grew.

This year three additional female searchers have been appointed for the spe- cific purpose of prevention of smuggling of opium by incoming female passengers.

excise staff.

11. The general physique of the Chinese population does not appear to give Medical any indication of the ill effects of the use of opium.

Its use is common among members of the coolie class who are engaged in heavy manual labour and among the agricultural community working in localities where fever is prevalent.

By members of these classes and also by those suffering from pulmonary dis- eases opium is regarded as being of great medicinal value. It might be said that almost all persons suffering from tuberculosis use opium and, as this disease is rife in the Colony, they probably account for a high percentage of the consumers.

aspect,

Summary.

266

During the year 1928 there were treated in Government and Chinese hospitals in the Colony only 120 persons suffering from chronic poisoning from organic sub- stances including opium and morphine.

12. The position generally may perhaps be summarised by saying that the sales of Government opium have in recent years shown a substantial diminution and are now almost at their lowest ebb.

It is believed that if there were a complete cessation of the sale of Govern- ment opium or if such sales were curtailed to any extent, this would merely be met. by a more extensive smuggling of opium which would prove impossible to control however much the force of revenue officers might be increased, and the difficulties of the present position would be aggravated and all control be lost.

Opium cannot be kept out of the Colony so long as unlimited supplies are available in China, and it is believed that the control on consumption is as effective as it can possibly be made in the extraordinarily difficult circumstances which pre- vail.

The population in general does not appear to suffer to any marked extent from its use of opium.

Part II.

THE MEASURES TAKEN BY THE GOVERNMENT OF HONG KONG TO GIVE EFFECT TO THE OBLIGATIONS UNDERTAKEN IN CHAPTER II OF THE

HAGUE OPIUM CONVENTION OF 1912 AND IN THE GENEVA

OPIUM AGREEMENT OF FEBRUARY 1925.

General.

Geneva Art. 1 (1).

Geneva Art. 1 (2).

Geneva Art. 1 (3).

Geneva Art. 2.

Geneva Art. 3.

1. The measures taken by the Government of Hong Kong to give effect to the above mentioned obligations are, in the belief of the Government, the best which can be adopted until, in the words of Article II of the Protocol to the Geneva Agree- ment, "the poppy-growing countries have ensured the effective execution of the necessary measures to prevent the exportation of raw opium from their territories from constituting a serious obstacle to the reduction of consumption in the countries where the use of prepared opium is temporarily authorised".

There is no poppy-growing within the territory of the Colony.

2. The importation, sale and distribution of opium is a monopoly of the Government and the right to import, sel or distribute opium is not leased, accorded or delegated to any persons whatsoever, save as regards the retail distribution here- after mentioned.

3. The right of preparing opium for sale is also a Government monopoly.

4. Sales of Government opium are permitted to be made only by persons licensed by the Government, who are paid fixed salaries and receive no commission on sales.

5. Sale of opium to minors is prohibited by Regulation made by the Governor in Council on the 28th September, 1925.

6. The keeping of opium divans and the smoking of opium therein is prohi- bited by section 15 of the Opium Ordinance, 1923, and, though the enforcement of the provisions of this section has been somewhat relaxed for reasons stated elsewhere in this memorandum, drastic action would be taken if it became known to the au- thorities that any minor frequented a divan.

འ..

267

7. Though there is a great demand for licences to sell Government Opium the Geneva number of retail shops licensed for the whole Colony is now seventy, these being dis- Art. 4. tributed as under :-

The island of Hong Kong

Kowloon Urban area

........

New Territory and country districts.

8. The purchase and sale of "dross", otherwise than by the Government Geneva monopoly, is prohibited by Regulation made by the Governor in Council on the 28th Art. 5. September, 1925.

9. The export of raw opium from and its transit through or trans-shipment in Geneva the Colony is governed by the provisions of section 4 of the Opium Ordinance, 1923, Art. 6. as amended by Ordinance No. 7 of 1924, and sub-section 4 of that section calls for the production of an import certificate, issued by the Government of the importing country, as required by Article 6 (3) of the Geneva Convention.

In the case of opium destined for Macao a further precaution is provided in the prohibition of issue of the export permit without the express authority of the Governor.

Section 20 of the Opium Ordinance, 1923, totally prohibits the export of prepared opium, save as to a small quantity in the personal possession of a passen- ger which is allowed for his consumption during the voyage.

10. The use of opium is denounced in the schools of the Colony and pupils Geneva are warned against it.

In view of the illiteracy of the labouring classes the Government considers that there would be little to be gained by the dissemination of admonitory literature.

Art. 7.

11. The Government has always been willing to give its utmost assistance to Geneva other Governments in the suppression of illicit traffic and, when consulted, has gladly Art. 8. given all available information.

12. By section 38 (1) of the Opium Ordinance, 1923, every person who in Geneva the Colony aids, abets, counsels or procures the commission in any place outside the Art. 9. Colony of any offence punishable under the provisions of any corresponding law (vide definition in section 2 (2)) in force in that place or does any act preparatory to, or in furtherance of, any act (wherever to be committed) which if committed in the Colony would constitute an offence against the Ordinance is made guilty of an offence against the Ordinance and is punishable accordingly.

13. The penalties imposed by the Opium Ordinance for the more serious in- Penalties. fringements of the law are exceedingly drastic.

Fines can for certain offences be imposed up to $5,000.00 coupled with im- prisonment for one year, and, where specific penalties are not imposed for breaches of particular sections, a fine of $2,000.00 or ten times the value of the opium seized, whichever fine may be greater, can be imposed in addition to imprisonment.

Under these provisions fines up to $50,000.00 have been imposed and a fine of $10,000.00 is not unusual.

The Government, moreover, in suitable cases, exercises its powers in that be- half and banishes offenders. 666 persons were banished in 1927 for offences rela- tive to opium.

14. A good grade of opium is sold by the Government at the very high price Frice. of $14.50 per tael and severe penalties are visited on all those who are found to be trafficking in or using other opium.

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A special grade of matured Indian opium, known as "Kam Shan Opium", is sold in three tael tins only at $50.00 per tin = $16.66 per tael.

This grade is sold only at the office of the Imports and Exports Department and sales are made only to known and reputable Chinese merchants resident in Hong Kong and the opium is for their own personal consumption only.

Towards the end of the last decade there was a great demand for opium in Canton and this grade of opium was particularly in demand.

In order to prevent smuggling from Hong Kong to Canton the Government instituted a system of registration of the users of "Kam Shan Opium" and issued to them pass books wherein their purchases up to stated monthly requirements are recorded. No supply can be obtained without presentation of the pass book.

This limited system of registration has been retained notwithstanding the fact that the flow of contraband is now from Canton to Hong Kong instead of vice

versa.

Part III.

THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF THE ILLICIT TRAFFIC IN OPIUM.

Impossibil- ity of

estimating

quantities smuggled.

Seizures.

1. It is impossible to estimate with any pretence to accuracy the extent of the illicit traffic in opium with respect to either the amount smuggled into the Colony itself or the amount smuggled through the Colony en route for other places.

The numbers of seizures and the amounts seized during the past five years are as follows:

Year.

Number of Taels.

Seizures.

1924

2,691

62,163 Include numerous seizures in "divans".

1925

2,880

62,982

Do.

1926

2,331

60,208

Do.

1927

2,261

48,921

Do.

1928

711

48,450

Sources of contraband.

What proportion these figures bear to the amounts successfully smuggled can- not be ascertained.

2. The chief source from which illicit opium reaches the Colony is China, but the routes by which it comes vary from time to time.

Until 1928 Kwong Chow Wan was the chief supplier of Chinese opium, which was carried by practically every ship coming from that port.

In 1928 the route by which the majority of the Chinese opium came into the Colony was changed to the West River and the main supply now comes from Wu- chow, though a certain quantity comes from Macao and Pakhoi.

During 1929 a certain quantity of opium of West River origin was transported overland by rail from Canton.

Amoy opium is not seen in any large quantities and has never been very popu- lar in the Colony.

In the seizures of opium arriving from Macao both raw and adulterated Per- sian opium have been encountered several times in 1928.

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The adulterated Persian opium has borne imitations of the stamp of Beh- behani & Sons of Bushire and the contents of the packets have consisted of a little Persian opium mixed with the cheap paste which is used for making joss-sticks.

The only other Persian opium seized during the year 1928 was taken in tran- sit from Amoy to the Straits or Rangoon.

No Indian opium whatsoever was seized during the year.

As mentioned elsewhere most of the raw Chinese opium seized bears Chinese revenue labels and, so far as is known, no precautions are taken to prevent the smug- gling of opium out of the provinces of Kwong Sai and Kwong Tung into other parts of China or into this Colony.

Bureaux, etc.

3. The position in the neighbouring provinces of China varies from time to Opium time as different cliques gain the ascendency, but whatever party may be in power Suppression all indications point to the fact that, though at times there may be organizations which bear the titles of Opium Suppression Bureaux and at times there may be recognized Government or private monopolies in opium, the purpose of the authorities is to manage the sale of and acquire the revenue derivable from opium rather than to limit or control consumption or to restrict traffic.

Any internal restrictions on poppy cultivation in China became a dead letter throughout the greater part of that country (and particularly in the South) not long after the exclusion of Indian opium became an accomplished fact, and China now appears to produce very large supplies available for export.

An interesting light on the attitude of certain of the Chinese authorities and the alleged attempts to suppress the use of opium is provided by the labels found amongst 3,000 taels of raw Chinese opium seized amongst passengers' baggage on a shin which arrived from Pakhoi on the 22nd July, 1929.

The opium was concealed in false bottoms of trunks and baskets, in tins of oil and in cakes of wax and bean-cake.

The labels are issued by the Canton (Kwangtung) Treasury and describe the raw opium as a drug or medicine for breaking the opium habit.

The labels are over-printed with characters meaning "This will be treated as contraband if it enters the interior" and would thus appear to be a recognized ex- port stamp similar in character to others which have been found on prepared opium exported from Amoy and seized in this Colony.

Labels of this type, with or without the overprinting, have been found with 4.030 taels of opium seized on arrival from Pakhoi in the first ten months of 1929 and also. 2,920 taels of opium seized on arrival from Canton during the same period.

The 7,061 taels of Wuchow opium seized during the first ten months of 1929 bore blue labels bearing characters meaning "Wuchow District Opium Suppression Bureau. Inspected," and on the 17th October a new design of label appeared on Wuchow opium bearing characters meaning "First Quality. Approved after inspec-

tion."

Documents seized in certain premises recently searched by the Revenue Department furnished at least strong prima facie evidence that an officer holding a responsible position in the Public Safety Bureau at Canton, and who admittedly had a share in a licensed opium shop at Canton, was engaged in sending considerable consignments of opium to an associate in Hong Kong and the accounts rendered by this person indicated that specific payments had been made to "Customs.'

4. In the autumn of 1927 the Government of this Colony reduced the price of Experimental its opium experimentally in order to try to recapture from the smugglers the market reduction in

price. which they had been able to capture owing to the high price of Government opium.

There was an immediate increase in the sale of Government opium and the number of seizures of illicit opium showed a marked decline.

Difficulties

270

At the end of January, 1928, the experiment was discontinued and thence- forward the sales of Government opium declined while the number of seizures in- creased showing the resumption of more extensive operations by the smugglers.

The Government believes that the results of the above experiment merit careful consideration and that therein might possibly be found a solution to the problem of the reduction of consumption.

The Government for the purposes of this experiment placed on sale three grades of opium at $15.00, $8.33 and $6.66 per tael.

The price at that time ruling for smuggled prepared Chinese opium was $2.80 to $3.50 per tael.

It will be seen therefore that the lowest Government price was still consider- ably above and was not actually competitive with that of the smugglers.

Notwithstanding this continued disparity in prices it is an undoubted fact that there was a great falling off in the amount of opium smuggled into the Colony.

If the smuggler could have maintained his market and still have obtained even his former low price he could still have gained the same profit on his transac- tions and his risks would be unchanged.

It is clear therefore that a factor other than price competition influenced the position and destroyed the smugglers' market.

This factor was, in the opinion of the Government, the reluctance of the ac- tual consumer to run the same risks of punishment as theretofore for the purpose of obtaining smuggled opium even though this might be procurable at a price some $3.00 per tael below that of the cheapest grade of Government opium.

It seems highly probable that the consumer was influenced to purchase and use a smaller quantity of the higher priced Government opium which he could use with the knowledge that he was not infringing the law rather than obtain a larger amount of smuggled opium which he could use only with the fear of incurring heavy penalties.

The argument for reduction of price may be summed up thus :----

The present price of Government opium is prohibitive except to the wealthier members of the community.

A prohibitive price necessarily encourages smuggling.

A high, but not prohibitive, price cuts away the smugglers' market, increases consumption of the legitimate supplies but reduces gross consumption, because con- sumers prefer smaller supplies of the legitimate and unadulterated article to larger supplies of adulterated contraband which may involve them in fines and imprison-

ment.

The cessation of the use of smuggled opium would have a fourfold reaction in that it would reduce the gross amount of opium consumed, would reduce the demand for production in the interior of China, would reduce the profits of smug- glers which now go to increase the contraband opium trade, and at the same time would eliminate that criminality in matters relating to opium which now undermines the general respect for the law and submits the guardians of the law to the temptations of bribery.

5. The Colony of Hong Kong is geographically an integral part of China and caused by there is constant intercommunication between the Colony and the neighbouring pro- geographical position.

vinces of the Republic.

On the northern side of the New Territories there is a land and river frontier extending for over 14 miles.

271

The Colony and New Territories on the mainland have a coast line of ap- proximately 190 miles which provides innumerable secluded spots at which con- traband goods can be landed.

The Island of Hong Kong itself has a coastline of approximately 42 miles offering similar facilities for smuggling, and in the neighbouring waters are some sixty sparsely populated islands which can be, and at times have been, used as dumping places for opium which is intended ultimately to be brought to the island or mainland by small craft.

The task of adequately guarding so extensive a frontier and coast line against the smuggling of opium would involve expenditure beyond the means of this Government.

6. A brief survey of the traffic entering the Colony shows the difficulties by Means of which this Government and its officers are faced in their efforts to prevent the entry into introduction of contraband opium.

The returns of the Kowloon-Canton railway for the three months, July, August and September, 1929, show that an average of over 40,000 persons per month entered the Colony by rail from stations in Chinese territory.

During the first half of the year 1929 a total of 863,334 passengers entered the Colony by sea.

During the same period 624 ships arrived from Macao, 1654 from Canton, Wuchow and other West River ports, 104 from Kwong Chow Wan territory and 505 from ports on the China Coast other than the above mentioned. The total tonnage of these ships was 2,977,778.

There are in addition many launches registered in the Colony which ply between the port of Victoria and outlying islands and points on the mainland contiguous to Chinese territory.

Junks to an average of approximately one thousand per month arrive in the waters of the Colony from places on the China coast.

23,056 junks, sampans and other small craft belonging to the Colony were registered in 1928 and these in their constant passing to and between different parts of the Colony are undoubtedly of the greatest utility to smugglers, while a fishing fleet of several thousand large junks affords further facilities for smuggling.

The difficulty of controlling the import of contraband by traffic such as the above is well-nigh insuperable.

What can be done in the way of search of disembarking passengers and of vessels is done and the Government has incurred great expense in the provision of sea-going launches to enable an effective patrol to be carried out as far as may be both within the Harbour limits and in the surrounding territorial waters.

the Colony.

7. So far as is ascertainable the profit obtained by the actual smuggler of Profit on opium is not high. The price usually ruling is about $2.00 while the retailer obtains contraband. from $2.80 to $3.50 per tael.

Rapidity of turn-over of capital is the factor which makes the business profitable.

8. The Chinese have always shown the greatest ingenuity in devising hiding Hiding places for contraband opium.

It has been found in receptacles bolted outside the bottom of a junk, in a hollowed out spar, in a compartment inside a tin of petrol or a jar of wine, in the leg of a bedstead, in a bag of flour, in a woman's hair, in tins of preserved fruit and vegetables and in every conceivable place in which the Chinese can devise means to hide an article the bulk of which is as small as its value is large.

Places.

Transit through the Colony.

Impossibil- ity of more rigorous searches.

increase of penalties.

272

In ships opium has been found in every hollow space from the ladies' bath- rooms to the Captain's cabin and from the crow's nest to the bilges. It has in fact been found useless to embark on the search of a large ship unless definite informa- tion is forthcoming as to the precise whereabouts of the contraband, and in view of the impossibility of opening all the packages on board a ship any search of cargo is likely to be abortive unless particulars of the suspect packages are known.

9. The difficulties met with in combatting smuggling into the Colony are, if possible, increased when the attempt is made to prevent smuggling through the Colony.

It is a manifest impossibility to search all ships and examine all cargo passing through the Colony and here therefore our excise service is more than ever dependent on the receipt of definite and accurate information as to consignments.

In 1928 only three seizures were made of opium in transit to the south and one of opium in transit to the United States of America.

10. The Chinese community has from time to time protested against the rigorous search to which incoming passengers and their luggage are subjected and the methods of search could not be made more efficacious without evoking a storm of protest.

A more rigorous search of shipping would likewise cause profound discontent among the shipping community and result in the withdrawal of such support as is now given to the suppression of the traffic.

The Government feels that the penalties for trafficking in and use of illicit opium are already sufficiently drastic and that any increase of the penalties would merely encourage offenders to out-bid the offers of rewards by the amounts of the bribes which they would offer for immunity from prosecution.

Part IV.

THE DIFFICULTIES CAUSED IN THE FULFILMENT OF THE OBLIGATIONS

UNDERTAKEN IN CHAPTER II OF THE HAGUE OPIUM CONVENTION

OF 1912 AND IN THE GENEVA OPIUM AGREEMENT OF FEBRUARY, 1925.

As will be seen from Part II of this Memorandum the Government of Hong Kong has taken all possible measures to give effect to the obligations undertaken, and the failure to achieve the total suppression of the use of and traffic in opium must be attributed to the difficulties foreseen in Article II of the Protocol to the Geneva Agreement coupled with the difficulty of eradicating an established habit amongst a fluctuating community inhabiting territory which is particularly susceptible to the operations of dealers in contraband.

Sessional Papers - 1929