Administrative Reports - 1938

ADMINISTRATION REPORTS FOR THE YEAR 1938

Table of Contents

1 Geography, Climate and History

2 Government

3 Population and Births and Deaths

4 Public Health

5 Housing

6 Natural Resources

7 Commerce

8 Labour

9 Wages and the Cost of Living

10 Education and Welfare institutions

11 Communication and Transport

12 Public Works

13 Justice and Police

14 Legislation

15 Banking, Currency, Weights and Measures

16 Public Finance and Taxation

17 Miscellaneous

A Financial Returns

A(1) Finances (Missing)

A(2) Audit office

C Secretariat for Chinese affairs

D Harbour office

E Imports and Exports office

F Royal Observatory

G Supreme Court

G(1) Registrar of Trade Marks

H Police Magistrates' Courts

I Land office

J New Territories

K Police and Fire Brigade

L Prisons

M Medical and Sanitary

M(1) Sanitary

N Botanical and forestry

O Education

P(1) A.R.P.

Q Public Works

R Post office

S Railway

 

REPORT ON THE SOCIAL & ECONOMIC PROGRESS OF THE PEOPLE OF THE COLONY OF HONG KONG FOR THE YEAR 1938.

Chapter I.

GEOGRAPHY, CLIMATE AND HISTORY.

Geography.

The Colony has a total area of 390 square miles which consists of the following:

(1) The island of Hong Kong, on which lies the capital city of Victoria,

and Stonecutters' Island.

The Kowloon peninsula, which is almost completely urbanised. These two areas are British-owned.

(2) The New Territories. These include a portion of the mainland of China lying south of the Shum Chun River, approximately seventeen miles north of the northern boundary of the Kowloon peninsula and, secondly, certain outlying islands and the seabeds of Deep Bay and Mirs Bay. The New Territories are held from China on a ninety-nine years lease. dating from the 1st of July, 1898.

The Colony is situated off the south-eastern coast of China between latitude 22° 9′ and 22° 17′ N., and longitude 113° 52′ and 114° 30′ E. at the eastern foot of the delta of the Pearl River. Forty miles across this delta lies the Portuguese colony of Macao, and at the apex of the triangle thus formed is the Chinese city of Canton, some ninety miles north-west of Hong Kong.

The island of Hong Kong has an area of thirty-two square miles and is about eleven miles long and two to five miles in breadth. It is dominated by a group of treeless hills rising steeply on the west to a maximum height of 1,823 feet above sea-level. The more gradual slope on the cast affords some scope for cultivation. A parallel range of similar height rises on the mainland opposite about a mile from the shore. The New Territories are for the most part mountainous with considerable flat rather swampy areas to the north.

Climate.

The climate of Hong Kong is sub-tropical, and is governed to a large extent by the monsoons, the winter being normally cool and dry and the summer hot and humid. The north-east monsoon sets in during October and persists until April. The early winter is the most pleasant time of the year, the weather being generally sunny and the atmosphere often exceedingly dry. Later in the winter the sky becomes more cloudy, although rainfall remains very slight; in March and April long spells of dull overcast weather may occur. Warm southerly winds may tem- porarily displace the cool north east monsoon at this period; under these conditions fog and low cloud are prevalent.

From May until August the prevailing wind is the south-west monsoon, a warm damp wind blowing from equatorial regions. Winds are more variable, however, in summer than in winter, for the south-west monsoon is frequently interrupted. The weather is persistently hot and humid, and is often cloudy and showery with frequent thunderstorms. The summer is the rainy season, three-quarters of the annual rainfall falling between the months of May and September.

Hong Kong is liable to be affected by typhoons from June to October, although they are occasionally experienced before and after this period. A typhoon whose centre passes over or near the Colony is usually accompanied by winds of hurricane

2

force, resulting in widespread damage and loss of life. Sixteen such disasters have occurred in the last fifty-five years. Spells of bad weather with copious rain and strong winds are, however, experienced several times in each summer, owing to the passage of typhoons at varying distances from the Colony.

The mean monthly temperature ranges from 59°F in February to 82°F in July, the average for the year being 72°F. The temperature very rarely rises above 95°F or falls below 40°F. In spring and summer the relative humidity of the atmosphere is persistently high, at times exceeding 95%, while in early winter it occasionally falls as low as 20%. The mean monthly duration of sunshine ranges from 94 hours in March to 217 hours in October. The mean annual rainfall is 84.26 inches.

The mean temperature for 1938 was 72.8°F, which is 0.9°F above normal. April and June were both exceptionally sunny, the total duration of sunshine being the highest recorded in each of these months. The year was the driest since 1895: the total rainfall amounting to only 55.35 inches, against a normal of 84.26 inches. No typhoon seriously affected the Colony during the year, and no gales occurred, although an unseasonably early typhoon on May 3rd-4th produced a gust of 63 m.p.h., which is the highest wind velocity ever recorded in May.

History.

Prior to 1841 the island, now known as Hong Kong, was inhabited by a few fishermen, stone-cutters and farmers, and provided a well-known hiding place for smugglers and pirates. In that year it was occupied by the British forces partly as a reprisal for the treatment of British merchants in Canton, and partly to provide a secure base from which trading might be continued with the merchants of South China.

Foreign intercourse with China dates from the sixteenth century when expeditions from the maritime states of Europe-Portugal, Spain, Holland and England- penetrated into Far Eastern waters in the hope of establishing a direct trade by sea with the Moluccas or Spice Islands. At the end of the century Queen Elizabeth herself addressed a letter to the Emperor of China. Though this letter was probably never delivered it marks the beginning of official support for a whole series of adventurous attempts to share in the trade of the Eastern countries. At the begin- ning of the next century a monopoly of the East Indian trade was created in favour of "The Governor and merchants of London trading in the East Indies."

An early trading-station at Bantam in Java soon led to the extension of the sphere of action to Japan and China, and it was off the coast of South China that the East India Company had to face a double opposition to its aims: the hostility of the Chinese authorities, and an intense rivalry with the Dutch merchants.

The Portuguese had already founded the settlement of Macao from Malacca. It was probably the existence of this European foothold that concentrated foreign attention on Canton. In 1681 the East India Company secured a house in Macão and a little later an approach was made to Canton itself. By 1715 a regalar seasonal trade had been commenced with a shore-staff residing during the season in 'factories' in Canton, and, during the summer months, in the Company's premises in Macao. The French, Dutch and Americans were not long in following the Company's lead and, by the end of the eighteenth century, Englishmen trading on their own account were beginning to share the benefits of this precarious intercourse. It was into the hands of these newly arrived adventurers that the opium trade fell when, in 1800, the Company declined to carry opium in its ships owing to an Imperial edict forbidding the importation of opium into China. For some thirty years this state of affairs continued, during which the Chinese authorities, infuriated by the persistence of the illicit trade which they were unable to check, put increasingly arbitrary and irregular restrictions on the Company's legitimate activities.

Meanwhile two abortive attempts had been made to establish official relations with China--by Lord Macartney in 1793 and by Lord Amherst in 1816. The separate trends which British intercourse with China had hitherto taken,—the activity

i

3

of the East India Company, whose monopoly expired in 1831, and the unsuccessful official missions, were united in 1834 by the arrival of Lord Napier in Canton as His Majesty's Chief Superintendent of Trade.

Lord Napier's efforts at improving relations with the Chinese authorities for the benefit of British trade resulted in conspicuous failure and he died in Macao in October, 1834. Captain Elliot R.N. succeeded him as Chief Superintendent and for five years negotiations were intermittently continued while the position of the British merchants became more unbearable. The ultimate result of this protracted period of undeclared hostilities was the withdrawal of British merchant ships to Hong Kong Bay, a blockade of the Canton River in 1840 and the peaceful occupation of Hong Kong Island in January, 1841.

The cession of the island to Great Britain was confirmed by the Treaty of Nanking in August, 1842. The history of the Colony thereafter is one of uninter- rupted peaceful development. The Convention of Peking of 1860 added the Kowloon peninsula and Stonecutters' Island to the Colony, and under a further Convention of Peking signed in 1898, the area known as the New Territories, including Mirs Bay and Deep Bay, was leased to Great Britain for a period of ninety-nine years.

Nearly a century has passed since the bare unproductive hills were first occupied and the gangs of law-breakers evicted from their shelter. Afforestation, extensive reclamation of the foreshore, cultivation of the lower slopes, and a network of motor roads cut into the hills have combined with the steady growth of the city itself to present to the ocean-going ships which lie in Hong Kong waters to-day a very different picture from that which met the first merchantmen who watered off the south-west coast of the island. Sanitation, anti-malarial work, and public health administration have removed all evidence of the 'plague spot' which the new Colony was thought to be. The administration of the Colony usually has been serene and untroubled. One of the world's great harbours has been developed out of the enclosed waters between Lyemoon and Green Island. The freedom of the port has been maintained and no restrictions are placed on the entrance or egress of the Chinese population. This policy has preserved for the Colony the rôle which it was intended to fulfil in 1841 that of an entrepôt for the trade and labour of the southern provinces. It has had the effect too of establishing Hong Kong as an impartial refuge, both for persons and capital, during the internecine struggles which followed the inauguration of the Chinese Republic in 1911, and through the more recent misfortunes of the Chinese people. A railway which passes through the centre of China and a road from Canton debouch upon the line of wharves where the world's shipping collects. Five airlines, from China, Europe and America, terminate in the airport. Ship-building yards on the eastern side of the harbour have laid down keels for ships of 11,000 tons, and the docks can accommodate the largest of the Pacific liners. Small industries have sprung up and flourished in the east of the island and in Kowloon. Cement, rope, glass, cigarettes, cigars, matches, paper, lard, electric torches and batteries, rubber-shoes and piece-goods are now exported widely. Market-produce, cereals, poultry and live-stock are brought in daily from the New Territories, and from the surrounding waters fleets of junks net every variety of fish,—a supply which more than suffices for the Colony's needs. Mining is, as yet, in its infancy. Considerable deposits of wolframite, manganese, granite and kaolin are to be found in the hills of the New Territories, and prospecting and mining for these are encouraged.

Hong Kong has developed naturally in strategic and military importance as the Empire extended towards the East. To-day the Colony is the headquarters of the Commander-in-Chief, China Station, and of the General Officer Commanding British Troops in China. The Royal Air Force has a station at Kai Tak, sharing a land- ing ground with the civil authorities. The constantly shifting personnel of the armed forces, together with the flow of tourist traffic and the itinerant habits of the boat-people and poorer classes generally, make the permanent population of the Colony relatively few. To these few however, and to her visitors, Hong Kong now offers amenities which cannot be equalled in the tropics. The present low fixed rate of the dollar and the cheapness of labour bring living expenses to an encouragingly

4

economic level. There is no income tax and no general customs tariff. For six months of the year the weather is cool and dry with long periods of sunshine daily. Every variety of sport is to be found: safe bathing in ideal conditions, two first- class golf-courses, à drag hunt, polo, shooting, tennis, football, cricket, pony racing, sailing and civilian flying. The scenery, especially along the deeply indented shores of the Colony, is superb.

Chapter II.

GOVERNMENT.

The Government of Hong Kong is administered under Letters Patent of the 14th of February, 1917, and Royal Instructions of the same and subsequent dates, by a Governor aided by an Executive Council, composed of six official and three unofficial members, and by a Legislative Council composed of nine official and eight unofficial members. Prior to 1928 the numbers of the Legislative Council members were seven and six respectively. The six official members of the Executive Council are the Senior Military Officer, the Colonial Secretary, the Attorney General, the Secretary for Chinese Affairs, the Financial Secretary, all of whom are members ex-officio, and the Director of Public Works, appointed by the Governor.. The three unofficial members, one of whom is Chinese, are appointed by the Governor. The six official members of the Executive Council are ex-officio members of the Legislative Council; the other three official members of this Council, who are appointed by the Governor, are at the present time the Commissioner of Police, the Harbour Master and the Director of Medical Services. Of the unofficial members of the Legislative Council two are appointed by the Governor on the nomination respectively of the Justices of the Peace and of the Chamber of Commerce; the Governor also appoints the remaining members three of whom are Chinese. Appointment in the case of unofficial members is for five years for the Executive and four years for the Legislative Council.

་

The English Common Law forms the basis of the legal system, modified by Hong Kong Ordinances of which an edition revised to 1923 has been published. A further revised edition, of which the first volume has already been printed, was commenced during 1937. The law as to civil procedure was codified by Ordinance No. 3 of 1901. The Colonial Courts of Admiralty Act 1890 regulates the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in Admiralty cases.

The daily administration is carried out by twenty-two Government departments, all officers of which are members of the Civil Service. The central branch of the administration is the Colonial Secretariat. The Secretariat for Chinese Affairs is concerned with questions affecting the Chinese community. Matters of finance and the collection of rates and internal revenue are dealt with by the Treasury Departments. The Imports and Exports Department collects the import and excise duties and controls the opium monopoly. There are seven legal sub-departments, including the Supreme Court and the Magistracies. The Medical Department and the Sanitary Department deal with public health, and the Public Works Department is concerned with roads, buildings, waterworks, piers and analogous matters. The Education Department controls the Government's English and Vernacular Schools and supervises education in the Colony generally. Other departments are the Audit Department, the Post Office, the Harbour Department, the Police Department, the Prisons Department, and the two District Offices.

In 1936 the Sanitary Board was replaced by an Urban Council composed of five official and eight unofficial members. This council has not, however, the full municipal function which is usually understood by its title. All its officers are salaried civil servants and the council itself is subordinate in many respects to the executive

་

1

:

4

economic level. There is no income tax and no general customs tariff. For six months of the year the weather is cool and dry with long periods of sunshine daily. Every variety of sport is to be found: safe bathing in ideal conditions, two first- class golf-courses, à drag hunt, polo, shooting, tennis, football, cricket, pony racing, sailing and civilian flying. The scenery, especially along the deeply indented shores of the Colony, is superb.

Chapter II.

GOVERNMENT.

The Government of Hong Kong is administered under Letters Patent of the 14th of February, 1917, and Royal Instructions of the same and subsequent dates, by a Governor aided by an Executive Council, composed of six official and three unofficial members, and by a Legislative Council composed of nine official and eight unofficial members. Prior to 1928 the numbers of the Legislative Council members were seven and six respectively. The six official members of the Executive Council are the Senior Military Officer, the Colonial Secretary, the Attorney General, the Secretary for Chinese Affairs, the Financial Secretary, all of whom are members ex-officio, and the Director of Public Works, appointed by the Governor.. The three unofficial members, one of whom is Chinese, are appointed by the Governor. The six official members of the Executive Council are ex-officio members of the Legislative Council; the other three official members of this Council, who are appointed by the Governor, are at the present time the Commissioner of Police, the Harbour Master and the Director of Medical Services. Of the unofficial members of the Legislative Council two are appointed by the Governor on the nomination respectively of the Justices of the Peace and of the Chamber of Commerce; the Governor also appoints the remaining members three of whom are Chinese. Appointment in the case of unofficial members is for five years for the Executive and four years for the Legislative Council.

་

The English Common Law forms the basis of the legal system, modified by Hong Kong Ordinances of which an edition revised to 1923 has been published. A further revised edition, of which the first volume has already been printed, was commenced during 1937. The law as to civil procedure was codified by Ordinance No. 3 of 1901. The Colonial Courts of Admiralty Act 1890 regulates the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in Admiralty cases.

The daily administration is carried out by twenty-two Government departments, all officers of which are members of the Civil Service. The central branch of the administration is the Colonial Secretariat. The Secretariat for Chinese Affairs is concerned with questions affecting the Chinese community. Matters of finance and the collection of rates and internal revenue are dealt with by the Treasury Departments. The Imports and Exports Department collects the import and excise duties and controls the opium monopoly. There are seven legal sub-departments, including the Supreme Court and the Magistracies. The Medical Department and the Sanitary Department deal with public health, and the Public Works Department is concerned with roads, buildings, waterworks, piers and analogous matters. The Education Department controls the Government's English and Vernacular Schools and supervises education in the Colony generally. Other departments are the Audit Department, the Post Office, the Harbour Department, the Police Department, the Prisons Department, and the two District Offices.

In 1936 the Sanitary Board was replaced by an Urban Council composed of five official and eight unofficial members. This council has not, however, the full municipal function which is usually understood by its title. All its officers are salaried civil servants and the council itself is subordinate in many respects to the executive

་

1

:

5

authority of the Government. The council has power to make by-laws, which are submitted to the Governor and subject to the approval of the Legislative Council, under the Public Health (Food) Ordinance, the Public Health (Sanitation) Ordinance, the Public Health (Animals and Birds) Ordinance, in matters appertaining to public health, subject always to an over-riding power in the Legislative Council. The Urban District over which the Council presides consists of Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and New Kowloon.

Local administration in the New Territories and in the several small islands within the territorial waters is in the hands of two District Officers. In addition to their administrative work these officers are the Magistrates and Land Officers for their districts, and are empowered to hear small debts cases and to decide summarily certain cases relating to land. The District Officers are also Coroners for their districts and are assisted in many of their duties by the advice of Councils of Elders.

There are a number of advisory boards and standing committees such as the Board of Education, Harbour Advisory Committee, Labour Advisory Board, etc., composed of both official and unofficial members. They are frequently consulted and are of much assistance to the Government.

The reorganization of the financial administration was carried a stage further in 1938 by the Financial Secretary's assumption of a purely administrative function in the Secretariat. The Treasury remained under his control but was divided into three sub-departments: the Accountant-General's Office to deal with the Colony's finance generally, the Assessor's Office for the assessment and collection of rates, and the office of the Superintendent of Inland Revenue for the administration of the Estate Duty Ordinance, the Stamp Ordinance, and the Entertainment and Betting Tax Ordinances.

Later in the year the Accounts and Stores Office of the Public Works Department was made into a separate department supervised by the Financial Secretary and under the direct charge of a Controller of Stores.

An Air-Raid Precautions Officer was sent out from England early in 1938 to organize general precautionary measures on behalf of the Government. He is now in charge of a small department housed in the Colonial Secretariat.

The new post of Labour Officer was created on the 14th of November, 1938. During the remainder of the year the new Labour Officer was engaged in investigating general conditions in factories and the position regarding Trades Unions, on which subjects a report will be prepared in due course. Wages and cost of living, arbitration in trade disputes and the application of the Workman's Compensation Ordinance are other matters with which this officer will deal.

Chapter III.

POPULATION AND BIRTHS AND DEATHS.

Hong Kong is a free port and this fact coupled with its geographical proximity to the mainland of South China makes effective control of emigration and immigration impossible. It is, therefore, very difficult to give accurate estimates of the popula tion of the Colony. The 1938 mid-year population obtained by extrapolation from the last two census results is 1,028,619.The excess of immigrants arriving by railway and sea over emigrants during 1938 was more than 300,000, and when it is remembered that this figure takes no account of those entering the Colony by sampan, junk or across the land frontier, it is easy to realise that the normal population of "Hong Kong has been increased by at least 500,000* during 1938.

* To this figure must be added the increase due to refugees in 1937 which is estimated to

be in the neighbourhood of 100,000.

6

Most of these people have been accommodated in the urban districts of the Colony, but, for the space of two months subsequent to the Japanese invasion of South China, many thousands of refugees were crowded into the towns and villages of the New Territories. Though the influx of réfugees has been continuous throughout the year there were three peak periods, the first occurring after the systematic air raids on Canton began in May, the second after the Japanese landed at Bias Bay in October and the third and greatest after the Japanese "mopping up' operations along the Hong Kong frontier at the end of November. The fall of Canton, while checking the stream of immigrants did not entirely stop it, for refugees were still able to reach Hong Kong by Shekki and Macao, and regulations formulated on á property basis proved ineffective in reducing the influx..

The figures given in the following tables do not include refugees now living in Hong Kong and the New Territories. The distribution of the population in various parts of the Colony is estimated as followsy

Hong Kong Kowloon whe

New Territories

Maritime

Totals

Non-Chinese ..

9,871

11,361

7492

1,372

23,096

Chinese

444,138

352,849

108,536:

100,000

1,005,523

Totals...... 454,009

364,210

109,028

101,372. 1,028,619

.

·

Registration of births and deaths is compulsory and the necessary data are obtained through twenty-nine registration offices. Unfortunately, registration of births is still imperfect owing to the Chinese custom of not registering children until they are in the second year of life. In 1938 registered births showed an increase from 32,303 (692 non-Chinese) in 1937 to 35,893. The crude uncorrected birth rate for 1938 was 34.9 per thousand of the mid-year population as compared with a crude rate of 32.1 for 1937. Chinese births registered during the year showed an increase from 31,611 in 1937 to 35,335. The crude uncorrected birth rates for this class being 35.1 (1938) and 32.1 (1937). Among the civilian population 38,818 deaths were registerd in 1938, an increase of 4,183 over the 1937 figure. In addition to this, twenty-nine deaths were recorded in the Forces of the Crown during the year, an increase of eighteen over the 1937 figure. The crude uncorrected death rate for the civilian population is estimated at 37.7 per 1,000 living, the figure for 1937 being 34.4. These increases in the actual number of deaths and the rates reflect the general deterioration in the health of the community, a deterioration which has been largely brought about by overcrowding, lack of accommodation and insufficient food. Still-births numbered 1,075 in 1938 and 913 in 1937. Chinese deaths numbered 38,621 in 1938 giving a crude uncorrected death rate of 38.4. The corresponding figures for 1937 were 34,391 and 34.9.

11,620 Chinese infants under one year of age died in 1937, 12,001 in 1938; the infant mortality rates for the two years being respectively 376 and 343.

*

In 1938, 558 non-Chinese births were registered (270 male and 288 female). This represents a decrease of 134 on the 1937 figure. The crude birth rate is estimated at 24.2 per 1,000 living in 1938 as compared with 30.6 in 1937. There were 244 non-Chinese deaths (excluding 11 deaths in the Forces of the Crown) in 1937, giving a death rate of 11 per 1,000 living, whereas in 1938 the corresponding figures were 197 (excluding 29 deaths in the Crown Forces), giving a death rate of 8.5. The deterioration in the general health of the community, which is clearly demonstrated by these figures, has not been accompanied by a corresponding deterioration among the non-Chinese population in Hong Kong.

་འ

་

3

..

7

Twenty-three non-Chinese infants under one year of age died in 1938, as compared with thirty in 1937. This gives an infant mortality rate of forty-two for non-Chinese infants, as compared with a rate of forty-six for the year 1937 Comment on the respective infant mortality rates of the Chinese and non-Chinese communities is superfluous.

:'

There was a considerable increase in the number of marriages in the year under review, both in licensed places of worship and at the Registry of Marriages. This can be accounted for principally by the influx of population, but also by the fact that the Christian marriage and its civil equivalent are gaining in popularity among the Chinese. It is of course impossible to record the number of non-Christian customary marriages.

The following table provides means for comparing statistics in 1938 with those in 1937-

1937

1938

Chinese

Others

Chinese Others

By Special Licence in Church

2

1

4

By Special Licence at Registry.

6.

5..

10.

9

By Registrar's Certificate in Church...

93.

128

116

115

By Registrar's Certificate at Registry...

In Articulo Mortis

134

50.

209

79

1

1:

1

236

185

336

208

Chapter IV.

PUBLIC HEALTH.

L

The extension of the Sino-Japanese hostilities to South China during 1938 resulted in a still greater influx of refugees into Hong Kong than had taken place in the previous year, and in an aggravation of the various public health problems such as overcrowding, malnutrition and epidemic disease.>

The population for mid-year 1938 based upon the arithmetical increase between the census of 1921 and that of 1931 is calculated as 1,028,619.

The Community was faced with having to provide shelter for nearly half a million refugees.

The actual surplus of immigrants over emigrants by sea and rail in 1938 amounted to over 300,000 persons; this figure does not. take cognisance of the surplus of the previous year, nor does it include the large numbers of refugees who entered the Colony across the land frontiers and by sampan, junk, ferry and launch.

:

Many checks have been made of the numbers of residents per floor in the usual type of three story Chinese tenement. The normal figure before the com- mencement of the Sino-Japanese hostilities was fifteen to twenty. It is now sixty.) This fact goes to support the apparently high estimate of increase in the population given above..

8

Most of the burden has, of course, been borne by the urban area but many thousands have also crowded into the towns and villages in the rural areas comprising the New Territories:

(The actual refugee invasion was fairly continuous throughout the year. It received an impetus in the summer coincident with the bombing of Canton, parti- cularly in June. A second wave followed the Japanese landing at Bias Bay and the invasion of Kwangtung on the 12th of October ending with the capture of Canton by the Japanese troops. Yet a third wave resulted from the "mopping up" operations by the Japanese along the Hong Kong-Kwangtung border on the 25th of November.)

The taking of Canton and closing of the Pearl River which preceded it cut off that avenue of escape, but this did not deter refugees from making their way to Hong Kong via Shekki and Macao. On one day the surplus immigrants over emigrants through this channel amounted to over 3,600.

A slight check was placed on entry into the Colony by a regulation requiring immigrants to possess at least twenty dollars per head, but this system is obviously open to fraud

As might be expected local charitable organizations could not hope to cope with the destitution and distress associated with the refugee problem and Government had to assume control and to erect camps in both the urban and rural areas. details of these relief schemes are given in Appendix II of this Report.

Further

That the general health of the community deteriorated as a result of these abnormal conditions goes without saying. Many cases of dangerous infectious disease actually found their way into the Colony in spite of the increased vigilance of the Port Health Authorities and their colleagues in the New Territories and urban areas. Thousands of ill-fed, aged and sick persons also sought safety from the invaded regions and added to the already heavy task of the hospital authorities in the Government and Chinese hospitals. That this alarming situation did not become far more grave was due in no small part to the work of the Medical and Health Staff. A local appeal for funds for the relief of distress in South China raised $389,824.16. \

Epidemics.

SMALLPOX.

The outbreak of smallpox started in the early winter of 1937. It reached a peak in March, 1938, when 236 cases and 192 deaths were recorded in one week (ending the 19th of March). Particularly vigorous measures were instituted about that time including the introduction of compulsory vaccination for all immigrants and the placing of Canton in quarantine for the first time in history, thus enabling the Health Authorities to examine and vaccinate the many thousands arriving daily from that port and its smallpox-infected hinterland.)

An anti-smallpox and vaccination campaign was carried out in both the English and Chinese Press and through posters all over the territory. Free vaccination centres were opened up in hospitals, dispensaries and at convenient points. The quota of twelve vaccinators was augmented by twenty-four temporary officers. As a result of intensive propaganda some *1,027,591 vaccinations were carried out during the year.

Most of the vaccine lymph used was prepared locally in the Government Bacteriological Institute and gave uniformly satisfactory results. A certain quantity was imported as a reserve to meet any unusual demands.

Three additional wards providing accommodation for from 45 to 60 patients were built in the space of nine days at the Infectious Diseases Hospital.

* This figure does not include the St. John Ambulance Brigade figure for December.

9

The outbreak virtually ended in June and only five cases were reported in July and thirty-seven between that date and the end of the year, the majority of these last cases coming over as refugees from Kwangtung during the "mopping up" operations already referred to.

The total number of cases for 1938 amounted to 2,327 of whom 1,834 or nearly 79% died.

This constitutes the worst outbreak in the history of the Colony and the heavy case mortality gives some indication of the virulence of the virus.

1,388 of the victims were babies and children of five years and under.

As many as seventy-two were imported cases from Canton, Macao, Shanghai, Swatow, and other China ports.

CHOLERA.

Superimposed on the epidemic of smallpox was a somewhat less serious outbreak of cholera.

The Colony had suffered severely from cholera in 1937 when 1,690 cases and 1,082 deaths were recorded.

Apart from a sporadic case in January, 1938, the Colony was free from the disease until the 25th of May.

The outbreak spread with great rapidity, being aggravated by the thousands of refugees entering the Colony from Canton and other parts of Kwangtung which were infected with the disease and which were being subjected to systematic bombing by Japanese aeroplanes at that time)

The peak was reached by the week ending the 16th of July when sixty-three cases and fifty-three deaths were recorded. Thereafter the numbers affected declined rapidly and less than ten cases were recorded weekly from the end of the second week in November.

In all 547 cases with 364 deaths were recorded giving a case mortality of nearly 67%.

Males were the chief victims and whereas in smallpox the majority of the cases occurred in babies and young children, the age incidence here showed a considerable preponderance in persons of twelve years and over, mainly in adults, only fifty cases being recognized in children of twelve years or less.

(Twenty-one cases were imported from various parts of China.

Advantage was taken of the lesson taught in 1937 when the Colony found itself quite unprepared for what proved to be the worse outbreak of cholera it had ever suffered.

Before cases commenced to appear, the general public received detailed warnings through the medium of the Press and through posters and wireless broadcasts as to how to avoid infection, where to obtain free cholera inoculation, and what steps to take on the occurrence of suspected cases of the disease.

The upper blocks of the former prison at Lai Chi Kok were converted into a cholera hospital capable of holding two hundred beds.

Legislation was introduced prohibiting the sale of various foodstuffs and drinks likely to carry infection, and suitable action was taken to limit as far as possible. the importation of cases of cholera by sea.

10

A campaign aiming at inoculating as many of the general public as were willing was instituted, and, in addition to the hospitals and dispensaries, special posts were opened for the convenience of the public. Nearly a million inoculations were carried The St. John Ambulance Association and Brigade gave valuable assistance as it had done in the vaccination campaign and useful help was also rendered by the Medical Faculty of the University of Hong Kong during the height of the epidemic.

out.

Steps were taken to arrange for the Chlorination of all pipe-borne water in the Colony and to cover an unprotected service reservoir.

Legislation was introduced which aimed at securing compulsory pasteurisation of all fresh milk as from the beginning of 1939-a period of grace being necessary to allow the operating dairies to purchase and instal their plants. Supplementary legisla- tion was also introduced governing the cleansing of bottles, storage of milk, etc.

There is some reason to believe that the measures enumerated above had the effect of keeping the epidemic within more or less reasonable bounds, more especially since the refugee problem in 1938 was far more serious than it had been at the beginning of hostilities in 1937.

It may be worth while recording in this connexion that with an additional two or three hundred thousand persons at risk, the actual number of cases of cholera in 1938 was half that found in 1937.

CEREBRO-SPINAL MENINGITIS.

It is interesting to note that only eight deaths from cerebro-spinal meningitis were reported between 1897 and 1918. In that year a severe outbreak occurred accounting for 923 deaths.

From 1919 to 1937 inclusive, a hundred or more deaths were recorded only in 1919, 1932 and 1934.

In 1938 exactly twenty years after the previous serious outbreak, some 483 cases were registered of whom 223 or 46 per centum died.

As in the case of cholera, in cerebro-spinal meningitis males were more commonly affected than females, although the ratio was only 111 to 100. On the other hand, whereas cholera picked out adults, the large proportion of those affected with cerebro-spinal meningitis were children and young persons under fifteen years of age.

Only 109 out of the 483 cases were over fifteen years old.

Little could be done to combat the outbreak other than to encourage early notification and to secure suitable isolation, usually in the Infectious Diseases Hospital at Kennedy Town.

Stocks of anti-meningococcal serum were prepared by the Government Bac- teriologist and their use was reported upon very favourably.

Supplies of sulphanilanide were also made available for the treatment of cases and appeared to give satisfactory results.

Efforts to combat overcrowding were doomed to failure from the start owing to the exceptional conditions arising out of the refugee influx, to the conversion of the all too few tenements into factories and schools and to the existence of many thousands of street sleepers who could not find even a bed space under the stairs in the congested tenements. This matter is dealt with indirectly under a later section of this Report.

(It

OTHER INFECTIOUS DISEASES.

is of interest to record the fact that two cases of typhus were recognized during the year.

Both had been infected in Shanghai.

+

11

Numerically speaking, both dysentery (1,071 cases, 340 deaths) and typhoid (539 cases, 187 deaths) were of considerable importance from the public health standpoint and provided yet another index of the unsatisfactory health conditions prevailing in the overcrowded city.

Diphtheria (319 cases, 147 deaths) fortunately did not assume epidemic proportions at any time.

(Owing to the invasion of Kwangtung by Japanese forces it became impossible to transfer lepers to the settlement at Shek Lung and by the end of the year the number of inmates of the premises adjoining the Infectious Diseases Hospital at Kennedy Town had reached the figure of 133)

Two important decisions were made regarding the leper question during the year. Firstly, arrangements were made whereby the Catholic Mission received financial assistance to build accommodation for 200 lepers, to be increased to 400 in due course, in order to permit of the transfer of lepers from Hong Kong to Kwangtung, there to be maintained at the expense of the Hong Kong Government.

Secondly, legislation was enacted which gave the Director of Medical Services control over the inmates of the small settlement in Hong Kong, since these persons had been too little subject to discipline previously. Being able to wander at will they not infrequently committed felonies and misdemeanours both inside the settlement and in the town. A ruling was given by Government in this connexion, during the year under review, that convicted lepers should be detained in a special portion of the Prison built for the purpose. Under the former system, lepers who committed even serious felonies were duly convicted, sent to prison, but immediately released to the leper settlement.

However important the diseases already mentioned may be, and indeed are, both individually and in the aggregate, their importance is completely overshadowed by the tuberculosis problem which caused the death of 4,920 persons during 1938.

For every death it is probable that there are five or even ten sufferers from the disease, many of whom are at the moment passing on infection to their families and neighbours.

With the bulk of the population living in grossly overcrowded, ill-ventilated tenements, many of them workless or in receipt of wages which cannot possibly purchase an adequate dietary, exposed to mass infection owing to the universal habit of spitting and to the low standards of hygiene and ignorance of the mode of infection, it is not surprising that this disease claims such a heavy toll of life.

The line of attack against the disease has included the following measures:- the appointment of a Nutrition Research Committee, the appointment of a Housing Commission and the drafting of town planning and zoning legislation, the appointment of a Labour Officer to investigate conditions of work and wages, the increasing of facilities for the discovery, isolation, education and treatment of cases, the education of the general public through the Press and wireless broadcasting system, and the expansion of the Health Services to enable better control to be exercised over domestic and municipal hygiene.

Additional preventive measures are contemplated in regard to the more adequate provision of hospital accommodation for "infectious" cases and to compulsory

notification.

The question of a tuberculosis survey is under consideration and 10,000 doses for the Mantoux test together with the necessary syringes and special needles have already been obtained.

Venereal diseases are responsible for much ill-health both amongst the population and amongst the naval and military forces.

12

The Social Hygiene Centres functioned on an increased scale during 1938 and dealt with some 3,925 attendances.

A special committee was appointed during the year to consider what additional measures could be taken to combat the evil.

Hospitals.

The addition of nearly half a million refugees to a population of a little over a million, during the year under review, very naturally resulted in an almost intolerable strain being placed on hospital accommodation. This was accentuated by the fact that many of the unfortunates who sought safety in this Colony were ill on arrival, and many were homeless and destitute and many others had barely enough money for food.

Instances came to light where nineteen sick and elderly women occupied seven beds in one of the important Chinese hospitals, where there were sixty-one patients in a ward containing twelve beds and where sixty-six women in child-birth shared forty beds.

An old prison was converted into an auxiliary hospital for Chinese patients containing 500 beds, and three temporary wards were constructed at the Infectious Disease Hospital to hold from forty-five to sixty cases of smallpox or other dangerous infectious disease.

During the summer large marquees were lent by the Military Authorities to house the overflow from the wards and corridors of one of the large Chinese hospitals.

In view of the gravity of the situation, a Hospitals Committee, under the chairmanship of the Director of Medical Services, was appointed to report on existing hospital accommodation and to submit recommendations for its improvement. The Committee sat on several occasions, heard evidence from many sources, and should be in a position to report in the spring of 1939.

Welfare Activities.

The popularity of the welfare centres on the Island and in Kowloon was well maintained and the number of attendances reached a record of 124,046.

Repeated representations were received to open another welfare centre to serve the populous area in the west central district and there is some possibility of a start being made in this regard in a portion of the former Government Civil Hospital during the first half of 1939.

These centres cater for a large number of sick children and could be classified as out-patient dispensaries were it not for the fact that they also serve as well-baby centres and as places where mothers can be taught the essentials of mother-craft.

As in previous years the centres continued to distribute hot, nourishing meals daily to over two hundred nursing mothers and distributed quantities of milk, free or at cost price, for babies and young children in need.

The valuable teaching given in the centres was carried into the homes through the medium of Health Visitors.

Registered midwives also took their share in this welfare work and their activities were subject to close supervision from a Lady Medical Officer acting as Supervisor of Midwives.

13

Nutrition.

Alth

Although notes on nutrition are relegated to the end of this chapter, it should be clearly stated that the problem is probably the most pressing one of any which has to be solved in this Colony.

Sir Gowland Hopkins wrote of England that "whatever sum can possibly be spared is almost always spent on food" and Dr. McGorrigle, an expert on such problems in their immediate relation to public health, also wrote that it was "economic factors which control the situation." Such statements are even more applicable to

Hong Kong and China as a whole.

Practically speaking, immigration is unrestricted and this, added to a very real refugee problem in which there is a ratio of a refugee to every two normal citizens, results in the labour market being overcrowded and in a tendency to depress the standard of living.

The invasion of Kwangtung by Japanese forces, aggravated the situation not only by driving tens of thousands of refugees to seek safety in these territories, which were already overcrowded, but it Tresulted in a cutting off of very considerable areas from which Hong Kong derives its vegetables, meat, fish, etc.)

✓ Evidence of a serious degree of malnutrition in the population was forthcoming as the result of observations carried out at the hospitals and dispensaries, mortuaries, and at the Government camps established for refugees and destitutes. Such conditions as skin affections, eye diseases, respiratory troubles, polyneuritis of beri beri were common. Whole wards were given up to the treatment of the last mentioned group and the recorded deaths from beri beri alone amounted to 2,673 as compared with 1,661 in 1937.

Government was fully alive to this state of affairs and it was decided to appoint an enlarged Nutrition Research Committee under the chairmanship of the Director of Medical Services.

The terms of reference of this Committee are to ascertain the nature and extent of the problem in these territories and to devise measures to deal with it. Plans for dietary surveys have been drawn up and preliminary investigations have been carried out in regard to average meals and prices of basic foodstuffs.

Actual experiments have also been undertaken in connexion with menus for refugee and destitute camps where upwards of ten thousand have been rationed at a time. The average cost for two meals a day in such camps-fuel and service included-has been twenty cents (3d.) and there seems to be some possibility of reducing this to about sixteen cents a day and still maintaining an adequate and a balanced diet. Owing to the magnitude of the refugee problem a reduction of even 25% means a considerable saving to Government, thus releasing funds for relief work of another nature.

As in the previous years over two hundred nursing mothers and children received a nourishing soup meal each day at the welfare centres. Another three thousand or more destitutes were fed daily at three food kitchens operated under the auspices of the Emergency Refugee Council in different parts of the town. During the height of the influx of refugees, many additional food kitchens and distribution centres were organized by private charity in the New Territories.

Experimental diets were recommended to Government for use in the prisons and every effort was made to encourage the cultivation of alfalfa and amaranth and the consumption of red rice and soya bean.

The use of soya bean milk prepared with dextrimaltose, common salt and calcium hydroxide as being cheaper than the lactate was also popularised at the welfare centres and in the Government camps.

14

Chapter V.

Γ

HOUSING.

In recent years some evidence has been shewn amongst the artisan classes of the Colony of a quickening social consciousness and the resultant desire to avail themselves of improved housing accommodation wherever such is made available. The unskilled labouring classes, however, are still found densely packed in tenement houses deficient in light and air. These people have to find dwelling places as close as possible to the scene of their work, with the result that the western part of the City of Victoria, which houses the native business quarter and which closely adjcins that portion of the harbour where the traffic from the West River and from the coast ports is handled, is seriously overcrowded.

These conditions, which were, in the past, slowly mitigated by the rebuilding of properties condemned for reasons of structural defects, are now being more rapidly alleviated by the operation of the Buildings Ordinance, 1935, which came into force on the 1st of January, 1936. Overcrowding amongst the labouring class is, however, still prevalent.

j

The housing of the Colony is all privately owned, and control is maintained by the operation of the Buildings Ordinance, 1935, the provisions of which also regulate the character of the housing. Generally Chinese-type tenement houses are built back-to-back in rows and are separated by a scavenging lane. These houses vary in height from two to four storeys according to the width of the street on which they front. The average height per storey is twelve feet, a minimum being controlled by the Ordinance of 1903. The Buildings Ordinance, 1935, permits a minimum of eleven feet. The houses built prior to the 1903 Ordinance covering the greater part of the native quarter are of depths varying from forty feet to eighty feet, with often less than 100 square feet of open space provided within the curtilage of the lot. With the passing of the Public Health and Buildings Ordinance, No. 1 of 1903, the amount of open space per house to be allowed within the boundaries of each lot was stipulated, and falls under two main heads. These are: (a) houses built on land bought prior to the passing of the Ordinance in 1903, where the open space must be not less than one-fourth of the area of the site, and (b) houses built on land bought subsequently, where the minimum is raised to one-third of the ▾ area. On plan the usual frontage of each house is fifteen feet (a dimension owing its origin more to early structural limitation than to economics), with a depth of about thirty-five feet, whilst each storey consists of one large "room" with a native type kitchen in the rear. This room it then subdivided by thin partitions seven feet high into three cubicles, each of which may accommodate a family. One latrine is built on the ground floor level of each house, irrespective of the number of occupants, and is common to all.

The bricks are

The earlier houses are constructed of blue bricks and timber. of native manufacture and have a very low structural value, and the timber is usually of China fir which is extremely susceptible to the ravages of white ants. Lately, however, reinforced concrete and better quality bricks have been used.

شد

In the City of Victoria the major defects of housing are due to lack of town planning. A large proportion of the City was erected in the early days of the Colony when town planning was little practised even in Europe, and the conditions to-day are a heritage the elimination of which would involve immense sums of money, and probably considerable opposition, if attempted on a large scale.j

Generally, many of the old houses suffer from defects which are attributable to the Buildings Ordinance in force when they were built. This Ordinance, which was passed in 1903, was framed to meet existing conditions, both structurally and hygienically, as they were then understood and practised. But, viewed in the light of modern practice and knowledge, many of its provisions are now found to be inadequate.

1

4

16

―

Occupation Permits Issued and Premises Demolished during 1938,-contd.

Chinese tenement

Occupation Permits.

1938 Kowloon

Hong Kong

type houses.

European type houses.

64 (237 Flats.)

41

39 (152 Flats.)

44

103

S5

Premises Demolished.

1936 Kowloon

41

3

Hong Kong

69

4

110

7

1937 Kowloon

18

2

Hong Kong

154

16

172

18

1938 Kowloon

14

2

Hong Kong

15

4

29

CO

6

Chapter VI.

NATURAL RESOURCES.

The natural products of the Colony of Hong Kong are few and, by comparison with those of other Colonies, unimportant in the general economy of the Empire. Agriculture and the fisheries are, however, the sole means of support of a large percentage of the poorer classes and, to this extent, are essential to the economic life of the community. The labouring classes of the urban population are employed in a variety of small industries, and in the shipyards and docks where ocean-going vessels are built and repaired. The shipyards employ almost as many male workers as all the other smaller industries put together and for this reason shipbuilding is treated of in the present chapter so as to allow comparison with the two other main forms of occupation mentioned above.

Mining is in its early stages. There is good reason to believe that workabie deposits are present in practicable quantities but the pursuit of mining is not indigenous to the native Chinese and development at the moment seems to be waiting upon the investment of capital and recognition by large-scale enterprise.

The Colony's forestry resources are not sufficient for commercial exploitation. Afforestation has been in progress for many years, directed mainly towards the conservation of rainfall and the prevention of erosion of the bare hills in which the Colony abounds.

17

}

The total area of the Colony is estimated at 249,885 acres. About 20% of this area, or 50,187 acres, is at present under cultivation. There is little fertile land which has not already been taken up. Large areas, particularly on the island, are entirely unsuitable for tillage. The cultivated land generally is in the hands of peasant farmers who alternate the planting of rice with the growing of vegetables and sugar-cane, and cling to the traditional methods of agriculture practised by their remote ancestors. There are signs of the extension of European enterprise to agriculture, live-stock farming and dairy farming, but steady development on these lines is not yet under way.

Fisheries.

The fisheries of Hong Kong, from the point of view of the general economy of the Colony and of the number of persons connected directly and indirectly with this form of production, are the most important of the local industries. There are three classes of fishery products available in the open market fresh freshwater fish, fresh sea-fish and salted sea-fish including mollusca and crustacea. (Almost all the freshwater fish is imported from Canton, Sheklong, Shekki, Kongmoon, Wuchow and Macao.) A portion of the salted and canned goods is imported from Europe, America, and Japan, and from Annam and other East Indian countries. remainder, both fresh and salted, is the product of the local fisheries.

The

(It is estimated that, during 1938, there were 5,500 large and small Chinese fishing junks either indigenous, or regular visitors, to Hong Kong. These fishing fleets are manned by at least 75,000 able-bodied men and women, and carry with them some 40,000 others who have no homes other than the fishing junks In normal times the fleets make voyage of two to four weeks' duration as far as Swatow and Kwonghoi (Toishan), but since the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese hostilities they have been compelled to limit their activities to areas within and adjacent to the territorial waters.)

During 1938 approximately 160,000 piculs of fresh sea-fish, valued at $2,500,000, and 230,000 piculs of salted sea-fish, valued at $3,600,000, were landed, This represents a total quantity of 390,000 piculs, or 23,150 tons, of a wholesale price value of $7,100,000, and a retail price value of more than $10,000,000.

It is estimated that over $22,500,000 capital is invested in junks, gear and general equipment.

Approximately 108,000 piculs of fresh freshwater fish, valued at $2,160,000, are imported annually.

Only a small fraction (usually about 80 piculs per day) of the fresh sea-fish is exported to Canton and the surrounding district. In 1938, owing to the increased demand for food-stuff in Hong Kong, the export of fresh sea-fish was reduced to a minimum. Of the salted sea-fish produced in the Colony 30% is consumed locally and 70% is exported to the interior of China through Canton, Macao, Shekki, Kongmoon, Wuchow and occasionally through Shanghai. The total amount of foreign produced salted fish imported into the Colony and then re-exported into China is valued at approximately $4,000,000.

The organization of production is on a loose co-operative basis of traditional growth. The fishermen, brokers, fish stores, lans or wholesale dealers, retail dealers and fish stalls are grouped into separate associations, not unlike medieval guilds. From the fishermen the fish passes to the big lans or wholesale dealers either directly or via the fish driers or fish stores. From the big lans it passes to the retail dealers, the travelling salesmen or the stall keepers, and so to the consumer. The hub of the whole system is the group of twelve big lans. Their business is carried out entirely on a commission basis and between one-quarter and one-third of their total capital is advanced to the fishermen free of interest. Between $20,000 and $100,000 is invested in this manner by each lan, and, between $10,000 and $50,000 kept in reserve. A single lan will transact business valued at between $100,000 and $650,000 in a single year.

18

The local fishermen belong essentially to the floating population, a special class of people known as tan ka or boat family'. Their calling and trade is a specialised one and they are entirely unsuited to other occupations. Their junks are their only stock in trade. To these they have confined their entire life for generations, regarding them not only as their sole means of support but also as their only home. The fact that there are some 100,000 persons living in 5,500 boats, the largest of which does not exceed 85 feet in length, and the majority of which are less than 60 feet long shows the extent of the overcrowding to which their traditional occupation subjects them. A boat of 70 feet in length provides space for the accommodation of 40 to 45 persons of all ages, besides space for fish, salt, gear, food and miscellaneous cargo. The average earning capacity of a single able-bodied fisherman is $70 per annum. This general low standard of living combined with the hidebound allegiance to a centuries-old tradition has prevented the infiltration of modern methods and the adoption of modern appliances. The Japanese were quick to realise the advantage to be gained from power-driven vessels and the substitution of machinery for man-power. Sometime before 1927 a Japanese fishing company was organized in Hong Kong for work in the South China seas with the presumed object of controlling the entire industry in the Colony and in South China. Steam trawlers and improved fishing methods brought the company increasing profits up to 1937 when the business was suspended owing to the Sino-Japanese. hostilities.

Trawling, seining, grill netting and lining are the principal methods of fishing in use in the Colony. Garoupers, sea-breams, golden-threads, flat fishes, rags, white herring, mackerel, crabs, halibut, sole, crayfish and mullet are found in great quantities off the Pearl River delta. In Deep Bay off the New Territories, oysters are cultivated in an area of approximately 20 square miles. The annual produce of this area is about $200,000.

A survey of the fisheries of Hong Kong was begun in 1938 by Mr. S. Y. Lin of the University of Hong Kong.

Agriculture.

It is estimated that 50,187 acres, or 20% of the total acreage of the Colony, are now under cultivation. The great proportion of cultivated land lies in the New Territories, north of the Kowloon hills. The land is held on permit or Crown lease by about 25,000 small farmers or family associations. There is little fertile land which is not being worked in some manner, and if the area of land under cultivation is to be increased considerable capital for fertilization and general development will be necessary. For the present the efforts of agriculturalists are concentrated on improving the quality of the yield rather than on the extension of cultivation. is probable that the New Territories could never produce sufficient rice for the Colony's requirements, but it is felt that, with the use of modern methods and improved stocks, self-sufficiency could be attained in respect of many other agricul- tural products such as European vegetables, dairy produce, pineapples and other fruit.

It

Of the total acreage in crop 70% is planted with rice, 15% with sweet potatoes, 6% with ground-nuts, 6% with sugar-cane, 3% with orchards and 1% with pineapple. At present roughly $140 millions of food-stuffs are imported into the Colony annually. A small quantity of New Territories rice, sugar and ground-nuts is exported, but market and dairy produce, meat and fruit are all consumed locally.

In contrast to the village farmers are the various forms which modern agricultural enterprise is taking in the New Territories. There are several well-equipped poultry farms, fruit orchards and market gardens with sufficient backing of capital to put into practice the theories of tillage, fertilization and improvement of stock and seeds which have been evolved in various agricultural countries. Although many of these farms are now well past the experimental stage they are to a great extent isolated enterprises lacking the effective coöperation necessary for the improvement of agriculture generally. Attempts are, however, being made, notably by the New Territories Agricultural Association and by the Kernel Seed Company of America not

+

A

19

only to provide a basis for that coöperation between the few modern farms but to instill into the minds of the village agriculturalists themselves the advantages to be gained from modern methods.

The New Territories Agricultural Association was founded in 1927 and has held an agricultural show each year including the year under review. At these shows such of the village farmers as have cared to avail themselves of the privilege have been able to see a demonstration of the possibilities latent in the soil they till. The Association now has permanent accommodation in the New Territories and has opened an Institute for the training of Chinese youths. Land leased from the Government is being worked on behalf of the Association by the Kernel Seed Co. of America. This company has carried out exhaustive experiments with different kinds of seed in order to find brands most suited to the soil and climate. These experiments have been eminently successful with rice-seed, and a demand is growing among the farmers for a new seed, called No. 716, which was evolved by this Company.

[

The Association, which is supported by voluntary contributions and by an annual grant of $2,000 from the Government, has still a heavy task before it. The few modern farms are mostly connected with its organization and avail themselves of its assistance as and when they require. The peasant agriculturalist is not, how- ever, so easily reached. The influence of the association is strong only around Fan Ling and Ping Shan, and it is probable that the annual show is hardly heard of in many other districts such as Sai Kung and Lan T'au. The general system, too, of individual and village agriculturalists, does not lend itself readily to change of any sort. Families and clans still hold land which they held when the New Ter- ritories were under Chinese rule, and their primitive methods and implements are clung to with the traditional conservatism of the farmer and the obstinacy of a simple people.

The association has, however, many practical achievements to its credit. Besides. the increasing facilities, instruction and advice placed at the disposal of the farmer, it has done much to stimulate the growth, and improve the quality of vegetables in winter. The improved quality of this form of produce during the last two years has been striking, and there is no sign that the rate of increase is slowing down.

Shipbuilding.

The shipbuilding and ship repairing industry is the largest manufacturing industry in the Colony. The three main yards are, respectively, the property of the Hong Kong & Whampoa Dock Co., Ltd., the Taikoo Dockyard & Engineering Co., Ltd., and W. S. Bailey & Co., Ltd. These three firms together were responsible for a total tonnage of 12,426 completed during 1938 and for 26,013 gross tons under construction at the end of the year, as compared with a tonnage of 14,073 completed during 1937. Ships built included some special type vessels of considerable diversity of design, and the success of these local products shews that the industry is well served technically. Several large salvage and repair enterprises were undertaken. during the year, including heavy repairs necessitated by the typhoon of September, 1937, and marine casualties which involved long tows to Hong Kong by local salvage tugs. Considerable progress was made in the building of diesel engines under licence at the Taikoo Dockyard and at the Hong Kong & Whampoa Docks. Further development in this branch of the industry is anticipated. The two largest ships ever to be built in the Colony, M. V. Breconshire and M. V. Glenorchy, each of 10,000 gross tons, are at present under construction at the Taikoo Dockyard.

A number of small craft, including lighters, motor-boats and yachts have been constructed in the native yards, but accurate statistics are not available. There are also many native yards with a considerable output of junks and sampans for the use of the shipping community.

Roughly 20% of the labour employed in the Colony's dockyards is on the monthly wage system and is directly recruited by the dock companies. The remainder is employed under the contract system by which work is hired out at standard rates to contractors who pay and are responsible for their own employees. Workers in

20

each section of the industry are banded together into guilds. These are at present of the nature of friendly societies, but it is possible that they may develop into more orthodox trades unions in the future.

The following are notes on the equipment and general facilities of the three main yards :-

TAIKOO DOCKYARD & ENGINEERING Co., LTD.

A Graving Dock 787 feet long with a breadth at entrance of 95 feet and a depth of water at ordinary spring tides of 34 feet 10 inches.

Three patent slipways capable of taking vessels up to 4,000 tons displacement.

Five building berths for ships up to 500 feet in length.

Deep water quayage 3,200 feet long, with one 100-ton crane, and 25-ton and 10-ton electric travelling cranes.

836 gross tons of shipping were completed during 1938, and 22,320 gross tons were under construction at the end of the year.

HONG KONG & WHAMPOA Dock Co., LTD.

Largest Graving Dock 700 feet long, with a breadth of 88 feet to 94 feet and a depth of water at ordinary spring tides of 29 feet 6 inches. Five other graving docks.

Two slipways capable of taking vessels up to 2,000 tons displacement.

Building berths for ships up to 700-800 feet.

Two wharves of 430 feet and 600 feet respectively.

6,000 tons of steel were used on structural repairs to ships during 1938. 11,069 gross tons of shipping were completed during 1938, and 3,193 gross tons were under construction at the end of the year.

W. S. BAILEY & Co., LTD.

"Sea frontage for shipbuilding berths of 550 feet on which twenty-one vessels can be laid down.

Facilities for the construction of hull and machinery for vessels up to 200 feet in length.

Repair work is carried out on three electrically operated slipways, the largest accommodating vessels of 300 feet in length and of 3,000 tons displacement. The total repair work undertaken during 1938 was carried out on vessels totalling 22,000

tons.

Ships were constructed to a total of 521 gross tons during the year and ships totalling 500 gross tons were under construction at the end of the year.

Mining.

Owing to the absence of a detailed geological report, the mining potentialities of the Colony are to a large extent unknown. Small scale prospecting and mining operations in the past would appear to indicate that there are no minerals of economic value on the island of Hong Kong but that in the New Territories and neighbouring islands there are deposits of the following minerals which may prove of economic value if prospected and mined by up to date methods backed with adequate capital: Argentiferous galena, Wolframate, Molybdenite, Magnetite,

23

Chapter VII.

COMMERCE.

The trade of Hong Kong is that of an entrepôt,-a place where goods are imported primarily for exportation. As a business centre the Colony handles the trade between South China and the rest of the world, and consequently the mer- cantile community is much larger than is necessary for handling focal needs. (At present, when the South China market is to a large extent cut off by military opera- tions, many firms have been compelled to reduce their overhead expenses and to draw upon reserves.)

From its position as the centre of an entrepôt trade Hong Kong has grown to be a very important banking centre. Trade conditions demand a highly organized system of exchange banking. The banks established are, therefore, pre-eminently Exchange Banks which also perform the ordinary functions of domestic banking. There are about thirty-four banks in the Colony. Marine insurance companies are also numerous.

Hong Kong is one of the world's large ports, possessing a fine natural harbour seventeen square miles in extent. Cargo is handled both in mid-stream and at wharves which give access to modern warehouses.

Shipbuilding, which is dealt with more fully in Chapter VI, is one of the Colony's most important trades, employing, in commercial establishments and in the Royal Naval Dockyard, many thousands of Chinese under the supervision of European experts. Cement, sugar refining and rope-making are old established industries. Recently there has been considerable development of knitting and weaving, garment- making and rubber-shoe manufacture which has received an impetus by reason of duty-free admission to British countries under Imperial Preference.

""

For practical purposes the Colony of Hong Kong can be considered to be a "free port.

The only import duties imposed are on liquors, tobaccos, perfumed spirits, and light hydrocarbon oils. Preferential rates of duty are extended to Empire brandies and tobaccos. An ad valorem licence fee is charged on first registrations of motor vehicles which are not of British Empire origin.

The Hong Kong trade returns do not distinguish between imports for consumption and imports for re-export or between exports of Hong Kong, Chinese and non-Chinese origin, and it is not possible to differentiate the various items of trade accurately. Trading conditions have changed radically in various directions since the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese hostilities in 1937. Before that date the visible trade of the Colony fell into four broad categories

(a) Imports for consumption in Hong Kong (including raw materials for

certain industries) and exports of Hong Kong origin.

(b) Chinese external trade passing through Hong Kong, i.e., Chinese goods re-exported to non-Chinese countries and non-Chinese goods re-exported to China.

(c) Chinese coastal trade, i.e., goods imported from one part of China

and re-exported to another.

(d) Non-Chinese entrepôt trade, i.e., goods imported from a non-Chinese

country and re-exported to another non-Chinese country.)

By an examination of the individual items of trade it was possible to make an approximate estimate of the values of the respective items, and these, prior to July, 1937, were roughly as follows :-

One third of the imports into Hong Kong was of goods intended for retention in Hong Kong, coming from Chinese and non-Chinese countries in the proportion of one to three; and a tenth or less of the exports was of goods originating in Hong

花

>

24

2403

Kong (e.g. refined sugar, rubber shoes etc.). Re-exports constituted two-thirds of the imports and nine-tenths of the exports. Of them 10 per cent, consisted of "Chinese coastal trade," 20 to 25 per cent/consisted of non-Chinese entrepôt trade and the remainder, nearly 70 per cent, was made up of goods passing between China and the rest of the world via Hong Kong.

It is common to speak of Hong Kong's trade as being almost wholly concerned with China, but the above figures make it clear that such a part of it as is concerned with China alone is less important than that which is not concerned with China at all. The latter consists of such items as the trade in rice from Siam and Indo-China to Japan and the Philippines, the trade in wheat flour from North America to Siam and the trade in Japanese manufactured articles to Indo-China, Siam, Malaya and the Netherlands East Indies.

•

(The latter half of the year 1937 shewed, in spite of the general decline in China's trade, a considerable increase in the proportion of that trade passing through Hong Kong. The proportion of China's imports credited to Kowloon increased from 3% in July, 1937, to 45% in January, 1938.) (The proportion of China's exports returned as going to Hong Kong increased from 12% in July, 1937, to 41.3% in January, 1938. At the same time the absolute amount of Hong Kong's trade with China also increased.

This state of affairs with regard to the Colony's China trade, accompanied by a steady increase in general trade, continued during the first three quarters of 1938. In October of that year an abrupt downvard movement in all trading figures was shewn as the Japanese extended their operations to South China. As a result of the military occupation of Canton and the closure of the Pearl River the normal trade routes between the Colony and the South China delta regions were almost entirely disrupted, and at the close of the

resumption of the South Chinahe year there were no signs of any early appreciable resumption of the South China trade. In the first nine months of 1938 the import and export trade with South China averaged $70.9 millions in each quarter. In the final quarter of the year the total was $32.6 millions.

In terms of the analysis of Hong Kong's trade before the Sino-Japanese hostilities, given above, the position at the end of the year was that, though categories (a) and (d) were only indirectly affected, categories (b) and (c) had, with the exception of air transport and minor attempts at avoiding the Japanese blockade of the Pearl River delta, come to a virtual standstill)

The total visible trade of the Colony during the year 1938 totalled $1,130.1 millions (£69.9 millions) as compared with $1,084.4 millions (£66.9 millions) in 1937, and $803.3 millions (£50.6 millions) in 1936. Imports of merchandise in 1938 increased by 0.2% as compared with 1937, and by 36.6% as compared with 1936. Exports increased by 49.5% as compared with 1936.

The following is a list of the appendices to this chapter with general observations on the statistics shewn therein :

A. TOTAL VALUE OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE.

Statistics of imports and exports for the years 1935-1938 reveal a progressive increase of trade in terms of local currency (imports from $364.9 millions in 1935 to $618.1 millions in 1938, and exports from $271.0 millions in 1935 to $511.9 millions in 1938). Imports and exports in 1934 were higher than in 1935 in terms of local currency-the 1934 totals being $415.9 millions (imports) and $325.6 (exports), but, owing to higher currency values in 1935, the sterling totals were greater in that year.

B. PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL IMPORTS PROVIDED BY EMPIRE AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES.

During the period 1934-1938, the share of Hong Kong's total import trade supplied by British Empire countries has varied between 13 per cent. and 17.2 per cent. (the latter being the 1938 figure). The United Kingdom is the largest Empire

1-

·

25

supplying country (9.1 per cent. of Hong Kong's total import trade in 1938), the share of other Empire countries in the same year being Australia 2%, India 1.9%, Malaya 1.2%, "other Empire countries" 3%.

The percentages of Hong Kong's total import trade supplied by the various non-Empire countries has varied only slightly during the period 1934-38, with the exception of Japan, the share of which country has decreased from 8.8% in 1934, and 12.8% in 1936 to 3% in 1938. The shares of other non-Empire countries in 1938 were as follows:-China 37.7%, U.S.A. 8.8%, Netherlands East Indies 6.6% Germany 6.3%, Siam 5.9%, French Indo-China 5.6%, "other foreign countries' 8.9%.

C. PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL EXPORTS SENT TO EMPIRE AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES.

During the period 1934-1938, the share of Hong Kong's total export trade shipped to British Empire countries has varied from 13.9 per cent. to 19.7 per cent. The total in 1938 was 16.3 per cent. British Malaya is the largest Empire pur- chasing country (7.2 per cent. of Hong Kong's total export trade in 1938), the share of other Empire countries in the same year being United Kingdom 4.1%, India 1.6%, and "other Empire countries" 3.4%.

The percentages of Hong Kong's total export trade supplied to the various non-Empire countries has varied within narrow limits during the period 1934-1938, the only country where a marked difference is apparent being Japan to which country 3.5% of Hong Kong's total exports were shipped in 1934, 5.1% in 1936 and 0.6% in 1938. The percentages taken by other non-Empire countries in 1938 were as follows:-China 45.1%, U.S.A. 10.2%, French Indo-China 4.5%, Macao 4.1%, Siam 3.1%, "other foreign countries" 16.1%.

D. QUANTITIES AND VALUES OF PRINCIPAL ARTICLES OF IMPORTS DURING THE YEARS 1937 AND 1938.

The principal commodities imported into Hong Kong (1938 values being given in brackets) are as follows:-

Food Stuffs

Piece-goods

($152,441,000)

..( 79,833,000)

Oils and Fats

( 78,223,000)

Metals

..( 48,144,000)

Chinese Medicines

Fuels

Machinery

Dyeing Materials

( 19,593,000)

(17,273,000)

..( 17,136,000)

.( 16,086,000)

Paper and Paperware ......(

Vehicles

14,743,000)

.( 14,140,000)

The above-mentioned commodities also figure as the principal exports from Hong Kong, as most imports into this Colony are destined for China and adjacent markets.

E.

QUANTITIES AND VALUES OF PRINCIPAL ARTICLES OF EXPORTS

DURING THE YEARS 1937 AND 1938.

Exports of Chinese produce from Hong Kong to Europe, the United States of America and other markets were well maintained in 1938 and in some instances there were considerable increases, notably in tea, wood oil and bristles as a result of trade being diverted to Hong Kong from Yangtse ports during the first nine and

!

26

a half months of the year as a result of Sino-Japanese hostilities. The export trade was very seriously curtailed subsequent to the closure of the Pearl River on the 13th of October. The values of principal exports of Chinese commodities from Hong Kong in 1938 were as follows:-

Wood Oil

$39,762,205

*Tin

$16,318,553

Tea

$12,080,814

Wolfram Ore

$14,252,838

*Firecrackers

$ 4,647,436

*Peanut Oil

$ 3,920,453

Hides

$ 3,672,228

$ 2,359,284

$ 2,187,651

Feathers

*Preserved Ginger

Exports of Hong Kong manufactured goods under Imperial Preference were well maintained in 1938. The Trade Returns do not differentiate between exports of locally manufactured goods and re-exports of similar imported goods. It is therefore impossible to give appoximate exports of locally manufactured sugar, cement, rope and woven cotton and artificial silk cloth be ause exports under these headings include considerable quantities of imported goods re-exported to adjacent markets. In the case of many other classes of goods, however, there is little import trade and the export figures may be taken to represent mainly the export of locally manufactured goods. The following export of Hong Kong made goods in 1938 has been assessed on this basis :-

Canvas Rubber Shoes ...

$6,675,542

Singlets

$5,019,924

Shirts

$2,168,543

Socks

$1,121,172

Other wearing apparel

$3,426,077

Electric Torches

$2,900,261

Electric Batteries

$2,189,923

Hats

$1,068,113

F. TOTAL VALUE OF IMPORTS OF TREASURE.

G. TOTAL VALUE OF EXPORTS OF TREASURE.

H.

I.

WHOLESALE PRICE INDEX.

INDEX NUMBERS OF QUANTITIES OF COMMODITIES IMPORTED INTO HONG KONG.

*NOTE. Chinese tin is refined in Hong Kong before export. The item firecrackers includes locally made firecrackers as well as firecrackers imported from South China and Macao. The item peanut oil includes locally manufactured peanut oil as well as peanut oil imported from North China. Preserved ginger exported from Hong Kong is manufactured here from ginger imported from South China and sugar imported from Dutch East-Indies.

袋

27

Appendix A.

TOTAL VALUE OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE (IN $'S AND £'S THOUSANDS).

AVERAGE RATE OF EXCHANGE.

IMPORTS.

EXPORTS.

1938....

$618,169.

511,902

H.K.$ ls. 2.27/32d.

£ 38,233

31,661

1937.

$ 617,064

467,323

= 1s. 2.13/16d.

£ 38,084

28,843

1936......

$ 452,350

350,865

= 1s. 3.3/16d.

£ 28,625

22,203

1935....

$ 364,990

271,033

= 1s. 11.5/16d.

£ 35,453

26,327

1934...

$ 415,919

325,105

= 1s. 6.3/16d.

£ 31,519

24,637

Appendix B.

PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL IMPORTS PROVIDED BY EMPIRE AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES.

British Empire

Foreign

1938.

1937.

1936.

1935.

1934.

%

%

%

%

%

17.2

16.1

13.0

13.9

14.8

82.8

83.9

87.0

86.1

85.2

Australia

2.0

2.2

2.0

2.3

1.6

Belgium

1.0

1.6

1.5

1.3

1.2

British Malaya

1.2

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.3

China

37.7

34.2

33.6

33.8

35.2

French Indo-China

5.6

6.6

5.7

8.9

6.3

Germany

6.3

5.0

5.2

4.5

3.3

India

1.9

1.0

1.3

1.2

2.0

Japan

3.0

9.4

12.8

11.8

8.8

Netherlands East Indies

6.6

7.6

8.5

6.2

8.3

Siam

5.9

3.7

6.6

5.6

8.0

United Kingdom

9.1

7.6

6.4

6.5

7.8

U. S. A.

8.8

8.4

7.1

7.3

7.1

All Other Countries

10.9

11.2

7.7

8.9

9.1

COMPENSATED DEN MOORELTRO

Appendix C.

PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL EXPORTS SENT TO EMPIRE AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES.

1938.

1937.

1936.

1935.

1934.

%

%

%

%

%

British Empire

16.3

19.7

1.7.6

13.9

14.2

Foreign

83.7

.80.3

82.4

86.1

85.8

British Malaya

7.2

8.5

7.3

6.3

7.6

China

45.1

40.7

42.7

49.0

48.0

French Indo-China

4.5

5.1

5.0

5.3

7.4

India

1.6

1.1

1.4

1.3

1.3

Japan

0.6

4.2

5.1

4.2

3.5

Kwong Chow Wan

1.9

2.1

3.0

3.4

2.5

Macao

4.1

3.7

3.7

4.9

5.3

Netherlands East Indies

2.8

3.3

2.8

2.3

2.6

Philippine Islands

1.9

2.8

3.3

1.8

1.6

Siam

3.1

3.0

4.1

3.9

4.5

United Kingdom

4.1

4.5

3.8

2.8

2.0

U. S. A.

All Other Countries

10.2

8.8

8.1

7.8

5.7

12.9

12.2

9.7

7.0

8.0

28

Appendix D.

QUANTITIES AND VALUES OF PRINCIPAL ARTICLES OF IMPORTS DURING THE YEARS 1938 AND 1937.

Article.

1938.

1937.

Quantity Value Quantity Value

Principal Source of Supply.

Animals (for slaughter)

Head

$ 363,487 10,095,934

$

272,076

Cement

Piculs

Timber

Cu. Ft.

939,391 1,772,132 3,535,990 3,919,750

1,201,440

2,974,367

Chemicals & Drugs

Pharmaceutical Products

6,404,359

2,848,699

Chinese Medicine

19,592,511

Aniline Dyes

9,291,677

8,652,295 South China, Kwong Chow Wan, French Indo-China. 1,089,557 French Indo-China, Japan. 3,494,520 British North Borneo, U.S.A.,

Siam, South China.

7,163,632 Germany, U.K., U.S.A.

2,809.150 Germany, U.K., U.S.A.

22,117,748 South China, North China.

3,458,707 Ger...ay, U.K.

Indigo (artificial)

Piculs

Beans

33,079 763,189

2,960,658

21,285

2,243,083 Germany, U.K., U.S.A.

"

Fish & Fishery Products

Wheat Flour

Piculs

Rice (all kinds)

""

Sugar (all kinds)

Milk (canned)

Cases

Tea

Coal

Tons

Hardware

Malt Liquors

Gallons

Wines

Spirits

6,201,392 7,336,003

1,365,013 12,717,719 8,581,997 54,443,971 2,045,813 13,308,294 210,788 3,409,813 16,926,951 738,830 13,934,721 6,003,238 603,687 1,375,661 44,392 494,053 120,550 1,918,763

540,737

4,637,981 North China.

10,613,079 Japan, French Indo-China, South

China.

1,142,496 12,512,662 Australia, U.S.A., Canada. 9,197,455 58,512,212 Siam, French In:lo-China, Burma. 2,730,210 | 20,138,577 | Netherlands East Indies.

210,084 3,185,927 Holland, U.K.

3,923,626 Middle China, South China. 896,882 | 13,426,358 Japan, North China.

6,914,562 Germany, U.K.

452,745

1,038,382 U.K., Japan.

35,624

431,731 France, U.K.

92,398

Machinery & Engines

17,136,128

Sulphate of Ammonia

Piculs

Iron Bars

Tinplates

1,234,988 9,431,860 273,981 3,474,,895 218,858 4,866,254

876,230

487,536

"

Tin Slabs

113,218 | 19,450,562

"7

Wolframite

47,251 7,040,759

""

Manganese Ore

21,664

19

Nuts

967,712

56,063 10,236,951

957,003

443,583

15

Seeds

173,496

155,367

"

Lard

"

Petrol

Fuel Oil

Kerosene

Gallons

Lubricating Oil

Wood Oil

Piculs

Peanut Oil

Paints

Printing Paper

Unbleached Cottons

Bleached Cottons

Light Colton Fancies

Other Cotlons

287,464 5,913,909

143,970

3,960,741 North China, Netherlands East

17

2,328,535 4,740,273

2,297,260 |U.K., Germany, Japan.

Pieces

833,220 7,480,648 788,547 251,678 2,781,664

6,645,378 Japan, North China.

3,174,032 C.K., Japan, North China.

1,499,592 France, U.K.

8,865,764 Germany, U.K., U.S.A.

1,977,310 | 12,949,457 | Germany, U.K., Belgium, Holland.

7,561,933 Belgium, U.K.

9,891,456 U.S.A., U.K.

143,384 27,486,699 South China, Malaya.

61,721 | 10,984,339 South China, Macao, North China.

964,378 | South China.

3,585,980

1,533 37,707 60,109 Imperial 14,395,809 | 10,962,436 20,960,597

Gallons Tons

246,601 12,728,474 172,355 Imperial 15,754,497

5,494,953 22,429,157

2,997,489 2,438,909 6,559,791 711,506 32,327,155 353,410

5,479,726 North China, Netherlands East

3,880,820 South China, Malaya, Kwong Chow Wan, North China. 2,258,266 North China, Siam, South China. 14,468,969 | Netherlands East Indies, U.S.A.,

North China.

10,377,242 | Netherlands East Indies, U.S.A. 7,708,906 | Netherlands East Indies, U.S.A.

4,459,945 Netherlands East Indies, U.S.A. 19,217,853 South China, North China, French

Indo-China.

Indies, Kwong Chow Wan.

5,131,012 Germany, Canada.

Indies.

22

Yards

Prints

Cotton Thread

Cotton Yarn

Woollens

"

"

Grosses of

50 Yards

lbs. Yards

Silk (artificial)

Silk (raw)

Tobacco, Cigars & Cigarettes

lbs.

1,815,244 3,907,678 1,795,360

Motor Cars

No.

Motor Lorries

800 3,424

2,819,324

740

15

8,472,228

695

Boots & Shoes

Wearing Apparel

1,556,707 3,515,339

Gunny Bags

Pieces 5,899,587

China Ware

1,657,431 5,916,024

743,998

•

Cosmetics & Perfumery

1,108,589

Electric Lamp Bulbs

(all kinds)

Radio Apparatus

Feathers

883,879

1,246,508

2,619,634

Firecrackers

3,389,688

Hides (all kinds)

Piculs

98,447

5,482,534 173,459

Leather (all kinds)

2,747,263

Mats (all kinds)

1,906,568

Matches

1,611,180

3,183,873 1,092,808 49,174,764 11,705,564 955,971 327823 577,527 1,090,172

48,035,978 31,006,160 1,759,224 4,732,590

3,304,035 5,296,211

273,380

4,194,833

1,112,997 Japan, U.K., North China.

57,463,154 12,548,649 Japan, North China, South China.

3,264,081

328,987

619,008 Japan, U.K.

698,440 C.K., Middle China.

36,080,586 | 24,598,913 North China, Japan, U.K., India.

1,651,844 3,727,279 U.K., Japan, Italy.

8,337,042 Japan, North China.

4,708,008 South China.

2,987,825 U.K., Philippines, North China.

U.S.A., Macao.

954,901 Japan, Czechoslovakia.

3,492,787 U.K., Japan, North China, South

China.

1,945,363 India, Malaya, Macao.

795,041 North China, Japan, Middle China. 1,049,607 U.S.A., South China, U.K., France.

461,656 North China, U.K., Japan. 779,242 U.S.A., U.K.

4,295,645 South China, French Indo-China,

Middle China.

5,333,825 South China, Macao, Kwong Chow

Wan, North China.

3,137,610 | Australia, South China, Malaya. 2,652,605 South China, French Indo-China.

1,086,075 Japan, Macao, South China,

Sweden.

2,123,831 |U.K., Canada, U.S.A.

1,531,201 | U.S.A., U.K.

8,387,030 South China, Siam.

Rubber (raw)

Piculs

35,367 2,410,211

36,785

3,484,115 Malaya, Netherlands East Indies, French Indo-China.

29

Appendix E.

QUANTITIES AND VALUES OF PRINCIPAL ARTICLES OF EXPORTS DURING THE YEARS 1938 AND 1937.

1938.

1937.

Article

Quantity

Valze

$

Quantity

Value

Ce rent

Timber

Piculs Cu. Ft.

1,124,985 2,087,131

1,615,806

2,611,357

1,016,354

1,315,882

458,759

633,461

Chemicals & Drugs

4,914,923

4,239,195

Pharmaceutical Products

4,159,535

2,296,349

Chinese Medicines

15,714,561

17.045.541

Aniline Dyes

4,921,612

1.917,450

Indigo (artificial)

Piculs

21,506

2,693,847

7,102

1,050,417

Beans

458,508

3,824,779

382,541

3,561,930

Fish & Fishery Products

6,704,216

9,459,738

Wheat Flour

Piculs

1,064,107

9,974,442

804,590

9,012,606

Rice (all kinds)

5,418,281

36,429,104

6,079,649

39,395,832

Sugar (all kinds)

1,605,715

14,470,235

2,011,846

16,600,742

Ginger, Preserved

2,156,132

2,264,708

Tea

16,080,814

3,620,211

Hardware

3,013,405

5,216,889

Nalive Liquors

Gallons

202,720

689,906

258,338

898,457

Machinery & Engines

6,470,542

4,861,358

Sulphate of Ammonia

Piculs

1,439,992

12,445,490

1,566,820

11,041,647

Iron & Steel Bars

175,722

1,949,689

114,891

4.104 458

Iron & Steel Scrap

Tinplates

Tin Slabs & Ingots

Wolframite

157,696

813,943

425,711

2,149,953

223,547

4,944,384

141,809

3,029 696

""

106,345

16,362,918

120,812

22.921,351

80,817

14,252,838

78,231

15.382,666

Manganese Ore

37,146

63,652

720,073

1,089 367

21

Nuls

717,863

7,717,548

212,265

2,767,533

Seeds

130,498

2,860,771

116,024

3,025,620

Lard

35,188

884,008

94,290

4,057 026

Petrol

Imperial Gallons

10,936,933

10,267,764

13,138,66?

11,789,431

Fuel

Tons

Kerosene

Imperial

75,676 14,394,702

5,141,422

77,004

7,378,516

20,921,437

4.857.172 10,994,777

Gallons

Lubricating Oil

3,460,499

3,685,568

3,330,849

3,214 638

Peanut Oil

Piculs

167,941

3,920,453

125,810

3,717,575

Wood Oil

822,462

39,762,205

268,703

15,476,909

Paints

1,713,284

1,769,357

Printing Paper

1,283,281

1,519.888

Unbleached Cottons

Pieces

337,813

3,240,508

411,031

3,074,432

Bleached Collons

109,495

1,395,940

128,191

1,603,156

Light Cotton Fancies

Yard's

532,488

190,110

1,144,362

312,981

Other Cottons

61,289,110

14,631,675

58,826,585

13.291,204

29

Coltoas, Prints

•

Cotton Thread

Cotton Yarn

Woollens

Grosses lbs. Yards

343,288 421,162 35,394,504 193,236

90,218 792,978

1,692,073

324,191

200,475

362,362

21,163,764

25,438,399

14,586,821

367,063

184,728

309,556

Silk (artificial)

1,016,028

2,567,497

Silk (raw)

4,446,735

4,318,999

Tobacco, Cigars & Cigarettes

Motor Cars

lbs. No.

7,374,125

7,664,107

4,358,711

4,490,405

Motor Lorries

469 4,224

1,212,465

353

664.808

15,285,364

570

1.490.298

"

Boots & Shoes

7,585,639

6,677,500

Wearing Apparel

12,975,680

13.007,043

Gunny Bags

Pieces

8,781,568

2,733,911

8,930,438

2,962,774

China Ware

461,411

524,235

Cosmetic & Perfumery

1,007,637

1,115,128

Electric Torches

2,900,261

3,670.609

Electric Torch Batteries

2,189,923

1,840,956

Embriodery & Lace

1,380,026

2,347,448

Feathers

2,359,284

4,599,331

Firecrackers

4,647,436

5,486,075

Hides (all kinds)

Piculs

59,392

3,672,228

89,038

4,750,560

Leather (all kinds)

796,483

936,580

Mats (all kinds)

1,918,453

2,338,627

Matches

1,186,256

836,626

Rubber (raw)

15,308

1,021,659

16,168

1,443,237

Trunks & Suit Cases

Piculs

1,287,311

1,423,655

30

Appendix F.

TOTAL VALUE OF IMPORTS OF TREASURE (IN $'S THOUSANDS).

1938

1937 1936 1935

1934

་

$

$

$

$

$

Bank Notes

2,100

80,112

22,546

12,521

16,736

Copper Coins

1

421

193

6

157

Gold Bars

5,572

11,113

3,656

3,549

13,714

Gold Coins

90

331

Gold Leaf

9

8

6

5

15

Silver Bars

18 6,448

45 1,053

3,575

Silver Dollars

786 152,677

45,541

16,371

40,353

Silver Subsidiary Coins

1,025 135,339

741 5,280 3,531

Total

9,601 386,449

72,728 38,785 78,081

Appendix G.

TOTAL VALUE OF EXPORTS OF TREASURE (IN $'s THOUSANDS).

1938

1937 1936 1935

1934

$

$

$

$

$

Bank Notes

35,851

Copper Coins

18,178

15 1,295

24,757

12,620

13,296

13

265

Gold Bars

48,538

10,979 33,218

28,330

69,869

Gold Coins

3,186

2,567

760

38

528

Gold Leaf

Silver Bars

266

552

356

140

253

Silver Dollars

Silver Subsidiary Coins

Total

46,283 87,520

87,520 | 17,202 3,276 3,737

188,124 395,227 143,815 215,959 128,480

1,600 5,986

52,385 268,150 67,496 70,685 31,341

26 100,857

9,191

Appendix H.

WHOLESALE PRICE INDEX.

1922=100.

1933

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

Foodstuffs

113.4

94.3

85.4

113.3 136.2 131.6

Textiles

97.0

85.9

74.2

99.4

117.7 116.1

Metals and Minerals

107.8

97.4

79.8

107.2

146.1

147.3

Miscellaneous Articles

95.7

88.5.

72.3

92.5 124.4

127.3

Average

103.5

91.5

77.9

103.1 131.1

130.6

31

Appendix I.

INDEX NUMBERS OF QUANTITIES OF COMMODITIES IMPORTED INTO HONG KONG DURING

1934, 1935, 1936, 1937 AND 1938.

1931=100.

Items

1934

1935 1936

1937

1938

Building Materials

10

57.9

.72.4

67.3

77.5

65.9

Chemicals & Drugs

18

91.8

84.9

55.7

133.8

93.0

Dyeing Materials

5

44.2

53.4

43.6

41.8

55.2

Foodstuffs

25

91.9

90.1

85.8

110.7

107.3

Fuels

5

115.3

122.6

118.1

126.8

119.3

Manures

2

21.7

48.2

101.1

141.9

$8.7

Metals

30

69.3

88.7

82.9

120.7

62.3

Minerals & Ores

3

8.2

16.5

125.8

308.6

22.8

Nuts & Seeds

134.7

106.3

98.0

113.7

310.9

Oils & Fats

14

99.4

99.4

99.0

129.6

145.1

Textiles

37

79.4

79.0

68.4

59.8

$3.0

Sundries

29

83.4

75.4

64.2

71.6

64.7

Total Items

185

General Average

74.8

78.1

84.2

119.7

101.5

Chapter VIII.

LABOUR.

A new Factories and Workshops Ordinance, No. 18 of 1937, replacing the old Ordinance, No. 27 of 1932, came into operation on the 1st of January, 1938. The Chairman, Urban Council, replaced the Secretary for Chinese Affairs as Protector of Labour, and the Factory Inspectorate was transferred from the Secretariat for Chinese Affairs to the Urban Council. The new Ordinance gives to the Urban Council power to make by-laws in respect of industrial undertakings. A Select Committee of the Council deals with applications for the registration of factories. and workshops and other matters arising out of the administration of the Ordinance. The By-laws in the Schedule to the new Ordinance prohibit the employment of any child under the age of fourteen years in any industrial undertaking and the employ- ment of women and of young persons under the age of eighteen years between the hours of 8 p.m. and 7 a.m. No new By-laws were made during the year.

The Inspectorate, consisting of an Inspector of Factories and Workshops and an Inspector of Labour, deals with new applications for registration and pays periodic visits of inspection to all factories and workshops. Special attention is given to the safety of machinery, overcrowding of workers and machinery, obstructions to exits and the ages of workers. Night visits are frequently made to guard against the employment of females and young persons during prohibited hours.

All registered factories and workshops are inspected for renewal of registration during the early part of the year. 199 new certificates of registration were issued during the year 1938, bringing (the total of registered factories and workshops up to 829. There were 45 prosecutions, including 23 for the offence of employing females and young persons during prohibited hours, and 19 for the offence of operating an unregistered factory. The total number of accidents reported was 141, of which 14 were fatal. Ten of the fatal accidents occurred in shipyards.

32

The year 1938 was quite outstanding in the industrial life of the Colony, the general improvement which set in in 1937 being well maintained Hostilities in China caused many industrialists to turn their eyes to the Colony with a view to establishing themselves here. Consequently industries, hitherto unknown in the Colony, have come into being, for instance, the manufacture of war necessities such as gas masks, metal helmets, spades and entrenching tools, uniforms, water-bottles, the assembling of field telephones, and portable military transmitting and receiving sets. Other new industries are the manufacture of bicycles and tricycles, tabloid medicines, nails, postage stamps, bank notes, coupons, tooth brushes and pearl buttons. Many Shanghai workers were brought into the Colony for these trades, especially for printing, this finer craft being peculiar to the northern Chinese. The output of electric hand-torches, dry-batteries, rubber boots and shoes, cotton and silk goods, etc., mostly for Empire and oversea markets, was well maintained..

Many new factory-type premises have been erected and plans for more are in preparation. The general prosperity in some trades and the pressure exerted by the Health Authorities and the Factory Inspectorate have resulted in the removal of some factories from the tenement-house premises, which they formerly occupied, to new modern factory-type buildings. But the conversion of tenement houses into factories still remains a disquieting feature of the industrialization of the Colony, especially in view of the acute housing shortage due to the influx of refugees from China.

There was a good demand for skilled and unskilled male labour in the heavy industries. Female workers, too, were in demand, especially in the cigarette-making, spinning and weaving factories. The general supply of labour, skilled, unskilled and casual, is, however, in excess of the demand. It is difficult to state in what pro- portion this excess obtains at present owing to the abnormal conditions created by the Sino-Japanese hostilities

It is estimated that about 55,000 workers of both sexes are employed in the various industries. Of these some 17,000 are spread over the less important industries. The approximate distribution of the remainder is as follows:--

Industries.

Male.

Female.

Total.

Shipyards

10,390

36

10,426

Sugar Refineries

871

81

952

Oil Refineries

449

12

461

Breweries

52

48

100

Metal Wares

1,756

2,170

3,926

Knitting Factories

1,710

5,035

6,745

Spinning and Weaving Factories

1,597

4,554

6,151

Engineering

674

4

678

Rubber Factories

599

1,420

2,019

Newspaper Factories

743

2

745

Printing Factories

3,664

703

4,367

Tobacco Factories

319

1,372

1,691

22,817

15,394

38,211

Employment in the heavy industries, e.g. roads, reclamations, buildings, ship- yards, etc., is on the contract system. Otherwise the piece-work or the monthly wage system is adhered to.

33

Trades Unions are freely permitted to function in the Colony, but at the present time there are no orthodox unions in existence. During the year under review there were about eight industrial disputes. These were of a minor nature, and in each case an amicable settlement was reached through the Secretariat for Chinese Affairs. No bona fide trade union has ever been suppressed in the Colony, but certain guilds and associations have from time to time been declared unlawful under the Societies Ordinance of 1920, mainly on account of terrorist and political activities. No such suppression took place during 1938.

The new Ordinance, No. 18 of 1937, referred to above, consolidated the law relating to factories and workshops. Articles 2 and 4 of the Draft Convention fixing the minimum age. for the admission of children to industrial employment, and Articles 2 and 3 of the Draft Convention concerning the employment of women during the night, were introduced in that Ordinance.

The Minimum Wage Ordinance, No. 28 of 1932, created machinery by which a minimum wage may be fixed for any occupation, in which, in the opinion of the Governor-in-Council, the wages paid are unreasonably low. No minimum wages for any industry have yet been prescribed.

There is no legislation providing for the establishment of conciliatory machinery for the amicable settlement of disputes between employers and their work people. nor is there factory legislation controlling compensation for accidents or enforcing provision for sickness, old age, etc. Several European owned and controlled industrial undertakings have their private schemes of insurance, compensation in case of accidents or death, sick benefits and provident funds.

A Labour Officer was appointed in November, 1938. The status of this officer is at present undefined and his work up to the end of the year under review was largely in the nature of a preliminary survey. He is at present considering the application to the Colony of workmen's compensation legislation.

The

Chapter IX.

WAGES AND THE COST OF LIVING.

The year 1938 showed a continued increase in trading activity until the Japanese invasion of South China in October resulted in the closure of the river and an interrruption of the Colony's trade with the West River area. These conditions obtained during the remainder of the year. Prices remained remarkably steady throughout the year, with a general tendency to fall. There were exceptional price-movements, caused by témporary local conditions, but these were not maintained. The supply of labour increased considerably with the influx of refugees, but the general wage level was not depressed, the wage-rate of female workers in factories shewing an increase over the 1937 level. This steady level was the result of the demand for labour increasing with the supply. Many small industries moved into the Colony from China during the year and a great trade was done in the manu- facture of small appliances required in large quantities by the Chinese Government Payment continued to be by piece-work in the lower grades of work in light industries and in all mass production work, and this system appeared to be satisfactory to employers and employees. Skilled male labour was employed on daily pay. In the case of refugee northern workers housing and food were usually provided by the employer.

The The chief factor in the slight rise in the cost of living was a general increase in rents. This increase, stimulated by the continued entry of refugees into the Colony and the acute shortage of vacant tenements, assumed alarming proportions in the first few months of the year. In March a Commission was appointed to investigate the whole question of rentals, and, as a result of this Commission's recommendations, legislation was introduced providing for appeal to the Courts by persons evicted without adequate cause.

34

There was a slight and fairly steady fall in the prices of commodities included in the cost of living index throughout the year. In the early part of the year the prices of fish, meat and vegetables were between 10% and 30% above the corres- ponding figures for last year and at the end of the year they were 10% or less below those figures. The October figures for vegetables showed an increase of 80% over the previous month. This was entirely due to the temporary dislocation of supplies caused by the Japanese invasion of South China at the end of the year, however, prices of vegetables later fell to the minimum for the year, which was about 8% lower than the corresponding figure for 1937. The price of oil, at the beginning of year, was about the same as the average level for 1937 and in the course of the year fell gradually to a point 30% below that figure.

The price of rice fell steadily throughout the year. For the first seven months it was not more than 9% above the corresponding figures for 1937, and for the last five months was consistently less than the 1937 figures, the greatest falling off being 15% in August. The absolute variation during the year (14%) was consi- derably less than in 1936 or 1937 (23% and 25% respectively) and the interval between the two extremes was eleven months as compared with two months in 1937. The figures for rice are:-

1938...

Per 100 catties.

December

Average of four grades. January

1937.....

$7.33

June

$7.31

$8.38

August

$9.16

Variatic

14%

Variatic

25%

Average Retail Prices of the Staple Foodstuffs, etc., of Wage Earning Classes.

Rice (3rd Grade) per catty

Fresh fish, per catty

Salt fish, per catty

Beef, per catty

Pork, per catty

وو

1936

1937

1938\

6.3. cents

20.9

7.9 cents 26.9

7.3 cents

24.4

21.2

24.1

25.2

""

""

3

32.8

· 36.8

37.6

23

41.7

""

23.7

51.9

28.3

49.7

""

22.2

"

,,

.10 cents for 12.2 catties

9.8 catties 7.0 catties

Dil.

per catty

Wirewood,

Average Rates of Wages for Labour.

Building Trade:-

Locomotive Driver

$1.30 to $1.80 per day.

Carpenters.

0.80 to 1.30

وو

,,

Bricklayers

0.80 to

1.30

,,

دو

Painters

0.80 to

1.30

,,

Plasterers (including Shanghai Plasterers)

1.00 to

1.50

""

>>

Scaffolders

1.00 to

1.50

وو

''

Labourers (male)

0.60 to

0.80

"

وو

(female)

0.40 to 0.50

,,

وو

Working hours 9 per day. Time and a half paid for overtime. Free temporary sleeping quarters provided on the building site and communal messing at cheap rates.·

Shipbuilding & Engineering

Electricians

Coppersmiths

Fitters

$1.00 to $1.40 per day.

1.00 to 1.60 0.80 to

وو

""

1.55 ""

""

.

Sawmillers

Boilermakers

Sailmakers

Blacksmiths

Turners

Patternmakers

Labourers

35

$0.70 to $1.25 per day.

0.95 to 1.20

""

1.00 to

1.40

,,

35

0.75 to

1.20

""

1.00 to

1.40

,,

1.00 to

1.40

0.70 to 1.00

""

Overtime-time and a half. Night work-double time.

Transport Workers :-

Tram Drivers

Tram Conductors

Bus Drivers, Chinese Bus Co.

Bus Conductors,

35

days' pay.

.$36 to $45 per month.

30 to 39

وو

27 to

54

18 to 21

""

Working hours 9 per day. Free Uniform. Bonus at end of year 3

Bus Drivers, European Co.

$55.00 per month.

Bus Conductors

وو

22.50 to $35 per month.

Working hours 9 per day. Free Uniform.

Free Uniform.

One month's salary bonus.

Railway Workers (Government)

Station Masters

$1,100 to $1,800 per annum.

Telephone Operators

480 to 1,400

33

"

Booking Clerks

600 to

1,000

Guards

Signalmen

600 to

1,000

""

>7

600 to

Engine Drivers

540 to

1,000 1,000

J

""

وو

Ticket Collectors

420 to

600

""

Firemen

Pointsmen

330 to

480

""

192 to

240

Female Workers in Factories :—

Cigarette making

Knitting factories

Perfumery

Confectionery

$0.30 to $0.70 per day.

0.25 to 0.50

3"

0.20 to

0.40

""

د,

0.20 to

0.50

""

د,

Electric hand torch factories

Electric hand torch battery factories

Rope works

0.25 to

0.45

""

,,

0.15 to 0.35

,,

>>

0.42 a day.

Gunny Bag makers

0.30 to

0.50 per day.

Feather works

0.30 to

0.60

3

Joss stick workers

0.20 to

0.30

""

Printing works

0.20 to

0.80

""

Weaving and spinning

0.25 to

0.60

23

Rattan workers

0.30 to

1.00

""

Hardware workers

0.25. to

0.40 ""

Felt hat workers

0.25 to

0.70 23

دو

Cork hat workers

0.30 to

0.55 ""

""

Green pea sorting

0.15 to

0.25 ""

124

36

Handkerchief makers Paper dyeing

Grass rope makers

Preserved fruit makers

Sugar refinery

Rubber shoe makers

Working hours from 7 a.m. to 5 p.m. Overtime from 6 p.m. to 9 p.m. at day rates.

Domestic Servants :-

Employed by Chinese

$0.20 to $0.40 per day.

دو

>>

0.20. to

0.30 to

0.40

0.35

J

0.15 to 0.35

0.60

""

""

,,

>>

0.35 to 1.05

>>

One hour off at mid-day.

$ 7.00 to $20.00 per month.

Employed by Europeans Gardeners

15.00 to 40.00

15.00 to 30.00

""

J

وو

وو

With free lodging, and, with Chinese employers, generally free board.

Note: The rates of pay of Government employees are much the same as

those of a similar category in private employ.

Transport coolies *Coal coolies

*Ricksha coolies

$0.60 to $0.70 per day.

0.55

0.60 to 0.70

وو

Chapter X.

EDUCATION AND WELFARE INSTITUTIONS.

Schools.

Education in Hong Kong is voluntary and is mainly in the hands of Government and of missionary bodies.

The present system may be said to have started in 1913 when the Education Ordinance, requiring all non-Government Schools (unless specifically exempted) to register and to conform to certain regulations, came into operation. The Director of Education derives his legal powers from this Ordinance. Since 1920 he has been advised by a Board of Education of which he is ex officio chairman. This board is appointed by the Governor and at present consists of eleven unofficial members together with the Senior Inspectors of English and Vernacular Schools.

The Schools in the Colony may be classified as follows:-

(1) Government Schools which are staffed and maintained by the Education

Department.

(2) Grant Schools, i.e. schools, run mainly by missionary bodies, which are in receipt of a grant from Government under the provisions of the Grant Code.

(3) Subsidized Schools, i.e. vernacular schools which are in receipt of a

subsidy from Government.

(4) The Military Schools and certain others which are exempted from the

provisions of the Education Ordinance, 1913.

(5) All other Private Schools.

* Now reduced to 55 cents. Formerly business was better and up to $1.00 was paid in some The reduction is reckoned to be due to business falling off and to a lessened cost of living.

cases.

36

Handkerchief makers Paper dyeing

Grass rope makers

Preserved fruit makers

Sugar refinery

Rubber shoe makers

Working hours from 7 a.m. to 5 p.m. Overtime from 6 p.m. to 9 p.m. at day rates.

Domestic Servants :-

Employed by Chinese

$0.20 to $0.40 per day.

دو

>>

0.20. to

0.30 to

0.40

0.35

J

0.15 to 0.35

0.60

""

""

,,

>>

0.35 to 1.05

>>

One hour off at mid-day.

$ 7.00 to $20.00 per month.

Employed by Europeans Gardeners

15.00 to 40.00

15.00 to 30.00

""

J

وو

وو

With free lodging, and, with Chinese employers, generally free board.

Note: The rates of pay of Government employees are much the same as

those of a similar category in private employ.

Transport coolies *Coal coolies

*Ricksha coolies

$0.60 to $0.70 per day.

0.55

0.60 to 0.70

وو

Chapter X.

EDUCATION AND WELFARE INSTITUTIONS.

Schools.

Education in Hong Kong is voluntary and is mainly in the hands of Government and of missionary bodies.

The present system may be said to have started in 1913 when the Education Ordinance, requiring all non-Government Schools (unless specifically exempted) to register and to conform to certain regulations, came into operation. The Director of Education derives his legal powers from this Ordinance. Since 1920 he has been advised by a Board of Education of which he is ex officio chairman. This board is appointed by the Governor and at present consists of eleven unofficial members together with the Senior Inspectors of English and Vernacular Schools.

The Schools in the Colony may be classified as follows:-

(1) Government Schools which are staffed and maintained by the Education

Department.

(2) Grant Schools, i.e. schools, run mainly by missionary bodies, which are in receipt of a grant from Government under the provisions of the Grant Code.

(3) Subsidized Schools, i.e. vernacular schools which are in receipt of a

subsidy from Government.

(4) The Military Schools and certain others which are exempted from the

provisions of the Education Ordinance, 1913.

(5) All other Private Schools.

* Now reduced to 55 cents. Formerly business was better and up to $1.00 was paid in some The reduction is reckoned to be due to business falling off and to a lessened cost of living.

cases.

37

There are fourteen Government English Schools (i.e. schools in which English is the medium of instruction) of which four are for British pupils, though other European children may be admitted if vacancies are available. These are all primary schools with the exception of the Central British School which comprises both primary and secondary classes. The remaining three British chools have, in addition, an infants' department. Of the other English schools, three are for secondary education, two for boys and one for girls, each having a primary department attached. The other Government English Schools are all primary, one of them being reserved for the education of Indians. The Government also provides four vernacular schools (i.e. schools in which Chinese is the medium of instruction). Of these one is a primary school, two are for training vernacular teachers, and one comprises both secondary classes and normal classes. There are two English vocational Schools, the Junior Technical School and the Trade School. In the latter, classes have been started in Wireless Telegraphy, Building and Engineering.

The English Grant Schools number sixteen, eight for boys and eight for girls, the latter admitting boys to the lower classes. The majority of these schools are managed by religious bodies. The sixteen schools provide both secondary and primary education, with the exception of two girls' schools, one of which is infant and primary, and the other infant.

There are three Upper Grade Vernacular Grant Schools, two conducted by the Church Missionary Society and one by the London Missionary Society.

A total of 1,243 institutions were under the control of the Education Department at the end of 1938, while there were six exempted schools. The number of pupils on the rolls of these schools was 103,564 and 570 respectively.

The Evening Institute, controlled directly by the Education Department, provides classes at seven centres in the following subjects:-English, Field Surveying, Building, Engineering, Ship-building, Pedagogy (English and Vernacular), Book- Keeping, Shorthand, and Physical Instruction. 1,243 students were enrolled in these

classes during 1938.

At present the training of teachers for English schools is carried out in the Education Group of the Faculty of Arts at the University of Hong Kong, and in the Teachers' Classes of the Evening Institute. At the end of 1938 there were sixty-six students in the Education Department of the University of whom nineteen held Government Educational Scholarships which are awarded annually. The Teachers' Classes in the Evening Institute provide a three-year course.

The Training of Vernacular Teachers is undertaken in the following four institutions :-

(a) The Evening Institute.

(b) The Normal School for Men at the Vernacular Middle School.

(c) The Vernacular Normal School for Women.

(d) The Vernacular Normal School at Taipo (New Territories).

It is proposed that a new Teachers' Training College shall be opened during the course of the present year.

There are in the Colony four orphanages and one home for incurables and aged women, all of which are controlled by religious communities. There are two industrial schools which are under the control of the Salesian Institute.

The School Health Branch of the Medical Department came into being in 1925 when a Medical Officer for Schools was appointed. This has now been expanded and consists of a European Health Officer for Schools, two Chinese Medical Officers, one European Lady Medical Officer (part-time) and five nurses. Three school clinics and two special centres for the treatment of eye, throat and nose defects have been established. Pupils in Government and Grant-in-Aid Schools are now medically examined initially and periodically through their school career, while the provision of free spectacles for those requiring them has been made possible.

38

In 1937 a Supervisor of Physical Education was appointed and physical train- ing is proceeding along organized lines. The regulations require that every boy and girl in Government and Grant Schools shall receive a minimum of one hour's training each week in addition to organized games.

As only a few schools in the Colony are fortunate enough to possess adequate playing fields it has become necessary to rely on the generosity of the numerous sports' clubs for the use of grounds for football, cricket, and hockey. These clubs, established for all nationalities, willingly place their grounds and equipment at the disposal of schools when required.

The University.

The University of Hong Kong, which was incorporated in 1911 and formally opened in 1912, reached the twenty-sixth year of its existence in the year under review. The buildings, including class-room accommodation for about 500 students, six hostels, laboratories, residences for the staff, the students' Union, a gymnasium, workshops and playing fields, occupy an area of thirty-six acres.

The Court, the supreme governing body, is composed of life members, ex officio members, and nominated members, with the Governor as Chairman. The Council, which is the executive body, is composed of the Chancellor, the Vice-Chancellor, the Treasurer, certain Government officials, the Chinese members of the Legislative Council, the Deans of Faculty, two representatives of the commercial community, and two additional members appointed by the Governor. The Senate consists of the Vice-Chancellor, the Director of Education, the Professors and Readers. There are three Faculties Medicine, Engineering and Arts. The Arts Faculty includes a Department of Chinese Studies. The Degrees granted are M.B., B.S., M.D., M.S., B.Á., M.A., B.Sc. (Engineering), M.Sc. The standard aimed at is that of the University of London.

All male students are required, as a condition of admission, to reside in halls of residence provided by the University or in hostels founded by religious bodies and conducted under regulations approved by the Council. The tuition fee is $400 a year and the hostel fee, which includes board and lodging, $300 a year. It is estimated that it costs a student $1,500 a year at the University. This sum includes registration and laboratory fees, Union and club fees, books, instruments, clothes and vacations.

538 students were on the rolls during 1938. This was the highest enrolment recorded in the history of the University. The large majority of these students were of Chinese nationality, and 40% of them were obliged to relinquish their studies in Chinese universities on account of the Sino-Japanese hostilities.

Since September, 1938, facilities have been afforded to 500 refugee students of Lingnan University, Canton, to continue their studies under their own professors and lecturers at Hong Kong University.

Of the 536 regular students in 1938, 418 were men and 118 women students distributed as follows:-

Men

Women

Medicine

187

24

Engineering

129

3

Arts

88

$5

External students

14

6

Total

418

118

-

40

gave practical evidence of their continued interest in their University by providing funds for a new hard tennis court. Similar Associations are in active existence in Shanghai, the Straits Settlements and the Federated Malay States.

As a result of the findings and recommendations of the University (1937) Committee, the organization and financial position of the University formed the subject of close investigation by the Court of the University. Important changes and developments are under consideration. The provision of a block of Science buildings and the inauguration of a Faculty of Science are contemplated, and a new diploma course for teachers is to be instituted. Considerable expenditure will be involved and the need for augmenting the resources of the University is prominently indicated.

Welfare Institutions.

Practically every form of sport is played in the Colony the most popular being Association Football in winter and swimming in summer. Hockey has become increasingly popular during recent years. Lawn Tennis and Golf are played throughout the year. In addition the following are followed with the keenest interest-Cricket, Rugby Football, Badminton, Baseball, Volley Ball and Athletics.

The Colony is well provided with social clubs for all nationalities. Among the most prominent may be mentioned the Philharmonic and Amateur Dramatic Societies both of which produce at least one play each year. The Hong Kong Branch of the English Association, the Hong Kong Singers and the Hong Kong Rotary Club all contribute in their own way to the social life of the Colony. For lovers of flowers and gardening the Horticultural Society and the New Territories Agricultural Asso- ciation provide an outlet for enthusiasm. There are local branches of the Young Men's and Young Women's Christian Associations which provide recreation and accommodation. A public library is housed in a portion of the former City Hall and is used mainly by Chinese, the European community obtaining reading matter from libraries run in connection with the clubs of which they are members.

}

The influx of a large number of refugees into the Colony as a result of the Sino-Japanese hostilities has brought the local charitable organizations into even greater prominence. The work, for instance, of the Society for the Protection of Children has been increased. The Hong Kong Benevolent Society and the Ministering Children's League both continue to do excellent work. Charitable associations. connected with Churches, etc., are all helping in the very necessary relief work. The work of the St. John Ambulance Association and Brigade has been greatly extended, especially in the New Territories where at least nine additional centres have been established.

Chapter XI.

COMMUNICATION AND TRANSPORT.

↓ External.

SHIPPING.

Hong Kong has one of the finest harbours in the world. It is, in normal times, the chief shipping terminus between South China and the outside world. Regular services are maintained by shipping companies of every maritime nation bringing merchandise, raw materials and passengers destined for all parts of China. The following are details of the Colony's chief sea communications—

The P. & O. Steam Navigation Co., Ltd., Messageries Maritimes Cie, Blue Funnel Line, Norddeutscher Lloyd, Lloyd Triestino and Nippon Yusen Kaisya to the United Kingdom and Europe.

J

COLONIAL

SECRETARIAT

BRARY

41

The Blue Funnel Line, Osaka Syosen Kaisya, Nippon Yusen Kaisya and American President Lines, Ltd. to the United States of America.

The Canadian Pacific S. S. Ltd. and the Blue Funnel Line to Vancouver B.C.

The Eastern and Australian Line, Australian Oriental Line, Burns Philp Line, Nippon Yusen Kaisya and Osaka Syosen Kaisya to Australian ports.

The Java-China-Japan Line and the Royal Packet Navigation Co. (K.P.M. Line) to Java and other ports in the Dutch East Indies.

The Indo-China S.N. Co., Ltd., China Navigation S.S. Co., and other small lines to ports on the east and south coast of China and Formosa.

The British India, Shire, Glen and Bank Lines also call at Hong Kong.

The River Service to Canton and the West River, previously run by the Hong Kong, Canton & Macao Steamboat Co.'s ships and other smaller companies, is now at a standstill on account of the Sino-Japanese hostilities.

In addition, there is normally a vast traffic between Hong Kong and the adjacent provinces of China by junk. This, at present, is much depleted."

• The total shipping entering and clearing ports in the Colony during the year 1938 amounted to 67,007 vessels of 30,962,756 tons. This, compared with 1937, shewed a decrease of 6,250 vessels and 6,868,004 tons.

24,670 vessels of 29,530,384 tons were engaged in foreign trade compared with 38,782 vessels of 36,191,724 tons in 1937. British ocean-going shipping shewed a decrease of 326 vessels and 312,456 tons. Foreign ocean-going shipping shewed a decrease of 2,070 vessels and 5,133,209 tons.

British river steamers shewed an increase of 276 vessels and 402,207 tons. Foreign river steamers shewed a decrease of 1,191 vessels and 614,251 tons. Steamships, not exceeding 60 tons, in foreign trade shewed a decrease of 2,497 vessels and 57,359 tons.

Junks in foreign trade shewed a decrease of 3,304 vessels and 946,272 tons.

In local trade, steam launches shewed a decrease of 307 vessels and 1,094 tons, and junks shewed an increase of 3,169 vessels but a decrease of 205,570 tons.

AVIATION.

Hong Kong Airport is situated at Kai Tak and has facilities for marine and land aircraft. The equipment of the airport includes W/T and R/T (short and medium wave) and D/F, aeronautical meteorological service, administration building, offices and workshops of operating companies, fuel and oil installations with tankage for some 7,000 gallons of petrol, and full night flying facilities for land aircraft, including a 1,200,000 c.p. floodlight installed during 1938. A new terminal building has been constructed for traffic arriving by flying boat services; a slipway, pontoon and special mooring buoys are available for marine aircraft.

The continued growth of civil aviation caused a large increase in the amount of traffic handled at Kai Tak Airport, for example, the number of passengers arriving and departing has risen from 3,685 in 1937 to 9,969 in the year under review. Hong Kong was included in the Empire "all-up" air mail scheme in September, and from that date Imperial Airways Ltd. operated its service to Bangkok twice instead of once weekly and services were often duplicated. In August Air France extended its Paris-Hanoi service to Hong Kong. The following air lines now main- tain regular schedules from the airport:-

Imperial Airways Ltd., twice weekly to Bangkok, connecting with the England- Australia trunk route.

42

Air France, once weekly to Paris, via Hanoi.

Pan American Airways, once weekly to San Francisco via Manila.

China National Aviation Corporation, to Kweilin and Chungking.

(The

he fall of Hankow and Canton to the Japanese meant that air services to these towns could no longer be operated, but very heavy loads of passengers and mails are carried to those places in China still accessible by air.

air]

The Far East Flying Training School Ltd. maintained a fleet of five aeroplanes during the year which flew a total of 1,900 hours, including the training of the Air Arm of the Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps, the training of six Reserve of Air Force Officers and 28 pupils, and 160 hours for Army Co-operation purposes. Twenty-six Government certificates were awarded to pupils of the engineering section of the company.

No accident to aircraft causing injury to personnel occurred within the Colony.

The appendix to this chapter is a statement of the number, tonnage, cargo, passengers and crew of aircraft arriving at Hong Kong Airport during the years 1936, 1937 and 1938.

RAILWAY.

(Railway activities throughout the period under review were dominated by the Sino-Japanese conflict. Before the Japanese invasion of South China the Kowloon- Canton Railway was connected up with the Canton-Hankow Line. Several times during the earlier part of the year through trains were run between the Colony and Hankow. The year opened full of promise, due to the unparalleled growth of through goods traffic, and closed gloomily with the contraction of operations to the local service

。

Receipts and net operating revenue were $1,901,883.32 and $932,418.48 respectively, as against $1,331,468.73 and $436,935.30 in the previous year. Both these figures reached new high levels. There is little doubt that, but for the unexpected stoppage of through traffic for the last 81 days) of the year, net operating revenue would have exceeded $1,000,000.

The increase in operating expenditure is accounted for largely by the marked advance in the average price of coal which rose from $12.44 to $21.96 per ton and affected running costs to the extent of $110,668.37.

In order to cope with the abnormal conditions prevailing during the greater part of the year the Railway was called upon to solve many difficult problems, not the least among them being the utilization to the best advantage of an organization which had been built up to cater primarily for passenger traffic. A heavy strain was put upon the resources of the Department, calling for the utmost effort from the staff and a maximum use of rolling stock.

The value of the results obtained during the year cannot accurately be gauged by comparison with previous figures owing to the abnormal conditions which affected, to a marked extent, both through and local traffic receipts. Consequent on the blockade of Chinese ports by the Japanese and the closing of the Yangtze in 1937, Hong Kong became the main entrepôt for foreign trade with China, and large quantities of cargo were conveyed by rail to and from the interior. Further stimulation was obtained through an increase in the Colony's resident population owing to the influx of refugees. On the other hand, intensive bombing of the Chinese section of the line caused considerable dislocation and curtailment of the through passenger service with a corresponding drop in receipts from that source. This state of affairs continued until the 12th of October when all through traffic ceased after a small bridge at Mile 52 on the Chinese section had been hit by a bomb. Repairs were uncompleted when the Chinese military forces blew up all

A

43

major railway structures before the Japanese capture of Canton on the 21st of October. For the remainder of the year railway operations were confined to the local service, the northern terminal being withdrawn to Lowu which lies just within British territory. )

Receipts from through passenger traffic declined by 50.46%, due to the circumstances outlined above, although the earnings per train mile improved from $10.45 to $16.17. The curtailment of the service resulted in only 622 express trains being run, as against 2,235 in 1937.

The outstanding traffic feature of the year was the phenomenal growth of through goods traffic. Railings aggregated 456,146 tons compared with 166,438 tons in 1937, and 60,732 tons in 1936, corresponding revenue being $621,787.28, $167,556.45, and $44,694.93.

An

encouraging feature of the year's activities was the volume of export traffic. received at Kowloon. Despite the abnormal conditions prevailing in Kwangtung and Hunan, large quantities of wood oil, tea, antimony, firecrackers, cotton flax, wolfram and zinc were exported to Hong Kong. This, coupled with the number of applications received from commercial firms for wagon space, would appear to indicate that, in times of peace, the future prosperity of the Railway is assured.)

Local passenger receipts appreciated to the extent of 61.71%. This substantial growth is ascribable to the increase in resident population. The gain during the first 9 months of the year approximated 50%, and during the least 24 months 1.18%.

POSTS AND TELEGRAPHS.

Postal communication is maintained with all parts of the world by air, sea, and, in normal times, with Canton by rail.

All forms of mail handled during the year under review shewed an increase on the amount handled during 1937, ordinary mail receptacles shewing an increase of 4%, and registered articles and parcels shewing an increase of over 40%.

Long distance telephone services are normally available to Shanghai, Canton and various places in China.

Cable & Wireless Limited, by means of three cables to Singapore, one direct and one each via Labuan and Cape St. James, provide good connections with. Europe via India, with Australasia, and with other parts of the British Empire. By their cable to Manila connection is made with the direct American cable to San Francisco. Two cables to Shanghai, belonging to Cable & Wireless Limited and to the Great Northern Company (Danish), via Sharp Peak and Amoy respectively, give a good fast connection with Shanghai, North China, Japan and Russia. The system of the Great Northern Telegraph Company gives good service to Europe via Siberia.

Cable & Wireless Limited also operate the direct commercial radio services to the Chinese stations at Chengtu, Chungking, Foochow, Shameen, Swatow, Tsangwu and Yunnanfu; to Dutch East Indies, French Indo-China, Formosa, Macao, Philippines, Siam and Shanghai.

The total revenue from the Government Wireless Telegraph service amounted to $126,902 as compared with $976,923 in 1937; a decrease of $850,021 due to the transfer of the commercial fixed point services to Cable & Wireless Limited as from the 1st of January, 1938.

The number of paid messages-mobile and commercial press services-forwarded and received during the year was 56,883, consisting of 4,568,023 words, as compared with 20,946 messages of 195,744 words in 1937; the increase being due to press services taken over by Government.

44

Unpaid traffic, which includes meteorological, police, anti-piracy, Rugby press, aircraft and air station operational messages etc., totalled 87,815 messages of 3,077.842 words as against 86,694 messages of 3,354,570 words in 1937.

Service messages totalled 4,684 consisting of 49,433 words as compared with 47,078 messages of 373,497 words in 1937; the decrease being due to the transfer of the commercial fixed point services.

Internal.

RAILWAY.

After the 12th of October, 1938, rail communication by the Kowloon-Canton Railway was limited to the section of the line within British territory.

Co-ordination between road and rail interests was obtained when a motor rail-bus commenced a shuttle service between Fanling and Taipo Market on the 1st of May, displacing the road buses which had performed a similar function since the 1st of November, 1932. At the same time both transportation systems were made supplementary by the linking up at Fanling Railway Station of the Un Long- Sheung Shui and the Shataukok-Fanling bus services. The rail-bus was constructed at the Hung Hom locomotive workshops on novel lines, two Bedford 3-ton lorry chassis being welded back to back and fitted with cast steel wheel discs to supple- ment the pneumatic tyres. The financial results were most gratifying, and it is probable that the profits from two years of operation will exceed the capital outlay.

ROADS.

There are 371 miles of roads in the Colony, 173 miles on the Island of Hong Kong, 106 miles in Kowloon and 92 miles in the New Territories. Of the total mileage, 227 miles are constructed of water-bound macadam dressed with asphalt, 11 miles of sheet asphalt on a cement concrete foundation, 29 miles of tar macadam, 55 miles of concrete, 3 miles of granite setts and wooden blocks on a cement concrete foundation and 45 miles of earth.

The public travelling over the Colony's roads increases yearly, with a corres- ponding growth in the number of motor buses, of which there are 98 operating on the Island of Hong Kong, and 133 on the mainland. These are gradually replacing rickshaws, the number of which decreases year by year.

The Hong Kong Tramway Company has a fleet of 103 double-deck tram-cars running along the sea-front of Victoria from Kennedy Town to Shaukiwan. The length of the Hong Kong Tramway tracks is about 10 miles.

(There were 4,009 private motor-cars, 291 motor-cycles, 350 public cars and

taxis and 945 commercial lorries and vans registered in 1938.

FERRIES.

Communication between the Island of Hong Kong and the mainland is maintained by a number of ferry services, of which the most important are:-

1) The Star Ferry, between Kowloon Point and a pier near the General Post Office, Hong Kong. This ferry provides a 5-minute passenger service during the busy periods of the day and a 10-minute service at other times. The passage of just under one mile is negotiated in about 8 minutes.

(2) The Hong Kong and Yaumati Ferry Company, which operates passenger ferry services between Hong Kong and Jordan Road, Shan Tung Street, Pei Ho Street, Gillies Avenue, and Kai Tack Road, all in Kowloon; also to Sai Wan Ho, near the eastern end of Hong Kong harbour. This Company also operates a 12-minute vehicles ferry service between Hong Kong (Jubilee Street) and Kowloon (Jordan Road).

47

Chapter XII.

PUBLIC WORKS.

During the year under review the operations of the Public Works Department were carried out, under a Head Office Staff, by eleven sub-departments: Accounts and Stores (later, Accounts), Architectural, Buildings Ordinance, Crown Lands and Surveys, Drainage, Electrical, Port Development, Roads and Transport, Valuations and Resumptions, Waterworks Construction and Waterworks Maintenance.

As from the 1st June, 1938, all work in connection with the purchase of Government stores was removed from the Public Works Department, and was taken over by an independent Stores Department.

The staff of the Public Works Department comprises 148 European officers, including 9 temporary officers, and 557 non-European officers, including 12 temporary officers. The number of daily paid artisans and labourers averaged 1,778.

The following is a summary of works carried out during the year-

Buildings.

The reinforced concrete frame of the New Central Market was completed by the end of the year when work was well advanced on the erection of the stalls, the application of the terrazzo wall finishings, the fixing of windows and the drainage work. This building is of four storeys with main entrances on Queen's Road and Des Voeux Road, At the Des Voeux Road entrance a passenger lift will be provided and the entrances for goods will be on Jubilee Street and Queen Victoria Street. The Wongneichung Market was completed in October. It is a small single storey market of the open type, in reinforced concrete, providing twenty stalls finished in terrazzo. Extensive alterations and additions were carried out during the year to the former Victoria Hospital, converting the Hospital block and the Nursing Sisters' quarters into quarters for senior officers. The Hospital block was converted into three flats of five rooms and one flat of four rooms. The Nursing Sisters' quarters were converted into two semi-detached houses. Following the Japanese invasion of South China camps to house refugees from the neighbouring Chinese territory were erected at North Point, King's Park and Ma Tau Chung. These camps, of timber construction with concrete floors, consist of 26, 24 and 27 huts respectively, providing accommodation for 1,512, 1,368 and 2,016 refugees. Because of the uncertain political and economic situation it was decided not to proceed with work on the New Mental Hospital and the New Ward Block D, Kowloon Hospital. > Owing to pressure of other architectural work it was not found possible to com- mence work during the year on the new Central Government Store, for which $205,000 had been provided in the Estimates for 1938.

Roads.

Among the more important road works completed during the year were the super-elevation of the bends on the Wong Nei Cheong Gap and Castle Peak road, the building of the Customs Pass Road and the road from Sheung Shui to Mak Fu Ferry, the widening and surfacing of the Tai Po Road and the reconstruction of the bridge at Deep Water Bay.

Major works in hand at the end of the year included the reconstruction of the junction of Hennessy Road, Arsenal Street and Queen's Road East, the recon- struction of MacDonnell Road Bridge, and widening, resurfacing and super-elevating several major roads on the island and on the mainland.

Drainage.

In Hong Kong new main sewers and storm water drains to a length of 5,522 feet and new open channels of varying sections to a length of 851 feet were laid.

48

In addition, 1,114 feet of parapet walling to open nullahs was constructed, and Tai Hang Nullah bridge was reconditioned, strengthened and extended. In Kowloon, New Kowloon and New Territories, new main sewers and storm water drains were constructed to a length of 12,923 feet. The construction of Pat Heung nullah at Shek Kong, New Territories, commenced in 1936, was completed at the end of the year.

Anti-malarial work was continued in Hong Kong. An area between the two reservoirs at Aberdeen was completely drained, and work was continued at Pokfulam between the Queen Mary Hospital and Sandy Bay. In New Kowloon 935 feet of channel were laid and subsoil drains were completed to a length of 2,162 feet.

Waterworks.

In Hong Kong 17,000 feet of mains, of various sizes, were laid. At Repulse Bay a covered concrete service reservoir of 56,000 gallons was constructed. Steel plate balance tanks, each of 30,000 gallons capacity, were erected at Tai Hang and Kennedy Town. A third pressure filter was installed for the Stanley supply.

In Kowloon and New Kowloon 17,000 feet of mains were laid, and 15,000 feet were laid in the New Territories.

Remedial measures at Pincapple Pass Dam were carried out by the Consulting Engineers. The work consisted mainly of removing the sand wedge and substituting 4,405 cubic yards of cement concrete. As the Jubilee Reservoir did not fill during the year no opinion as to the efficacy of the measures taken could be formed.

The rainfall during the year amounted to 55.36′′ which, with one exception, is the lowest ever recorded in the Colony. As a result the main storage reservoirs did not fill, and the water supply to Hong Kong and Kowloon was subjected to restrictions from August until the end of the year.

The formation of a waste detection branch of the waterworks sub-department was proceeded with during the year. Additional staff, waste detection meters, etc., were provided, and a zoning scheme was worked out. Unfortunately the water restrictions after August greatly hampered the carrying out of night tests.

A new Waterworks Ordinance was prepared and passed in 1938, to take effect from the 1st of January, 1939.

Work in connection with the general extension of the Colony's waterworks, approved in 1937, was proceeded with. The pumping stations and pipe-lines for the supplies to Albany and Peak Road were practically completed, and construction of the Peak Road service reservoir was cominenced. The two new 21′′ cross-harbour pipe-lines were about one-third complete.l. Kowloon Chai Service Reservoir was commenced. Extensions to the distribution system of the island and mainland were made. The first section of the Shing Man Catchwater was completed and second commenced. Preliminary works for the supply and distribution mains for Kowloon Chai Service Reservoir, and for the rapid gravity filters at the Eastern Service Reservoir, were put in hand. Preliminary investigations in connection with the Tai Lam Chung Valley Scheme were commenced.

Reclamations.

the

Reclamations at North Point, Kennedy Town and Kun Tong were continued. The two former are being made by deposits of building debris; the last-named by deposits of town refuse. The areas reclaimed by the end of the year were 3.4, 2.4 and 12 acres respectively.

Electrical Works.

Two submarine cables between Victoria and Kowloon, which had been dragged eastward, were under-run and restored to their proper position. Repairs were carried

49

out to the submarine cable to Green Island. The cable to Waglan was also damaged but weather conditions did not permit repairs to be completed in 1938.

A new landing floodlight was installed at Kai Tak Airport. Extensive electrical work was carried out at the Refugee camps at North Point, Ma Tau Chung, King's Park and Kam Tin. A private intercommunication telephone system was installed in the Colonial Secretariat. The Electrical Workshops were removed to premises in Arsenal Yard.

Buildings Ordinance Office.

(Early in the year the building industry began to show signs of recovering from the slump from which it had suffered during the past four years. The disturbed conditions in China have given an impetus to the erection of European flats and of buildings of a non-domestic character.)

Valuations and Resumptions.

The total valuations made during the year comprised 773 hereditaments, with a total estimated value of $8,082,845.35.

Valuations were made for the purpose of resumption for street widenings and the development of areas in accordance with the approved Town Planning Scheme, for anti-malarial works, Estate Duty and sundry other purposes.

Valuations comprising 463 hereditaments, with a total estimated value of $7,127,560.50, were made for sundry Government Departments.

area.

Town Planning.

A tentative revised plan was prepared for the Government House and Offices No other new schemes or revisions of any importance were prepared during 1938, development having been in accordance with the recommendations of the Town Planning Committee of 1922 or with amendments and additions previously reported.

Expenditure.

The average annual expenditure on Public Works for the decade 1909 to 1918 was $2,293,762; 1919 to 1928, $6,990,950; 1929 to 1938, $8,507,690.

Comparative expenditure for 1937 and 1938 is as follows:--

1937

1938

Public Works Department

$2,436,112.31 $2,213,667.71

Public Works Recurrent

1,768,369.96 1,811,168.55

Public Works Extraordinary

1,510,298.07 1,899,902.40

Works undertaken and charged to Loan Accounts.

747,506.81 1,657,596.33

Miscellaneous Works

734,730.07 555,649.47

Totals....

$7,197,017.22 $8,137,984.46

50

Chapter XIII.

JUSTICE AND POLICE.

The Courts of Hong Kong.

THE SUPREME COURT.

There are at present two permanent Judges, a Chief Justice and a Puisne Judge, whilst additional judges for purposes of certain appeals are temporarily appointed as and when required.

The Supreme Court has the same jurisdiction as His Majesty's Courts of King's Bench, Common Pleas and Exchequer lawfully have or had in England and is a Court of Oyer and Terminer and Gaol Delivery, Assize and Nisi Prius, with juris- diction in Probate, Divorce, Admiralty, Bankruptcy and Criminal matters.

It is also a Court of Equity with such and the like jurisdiction as the Court of Chancery has or had in England, and has and executes the powers and authorities of the Lord High Chancellor of England with full liberty to appoint and control guardians of infants and their estates and also keepers of the persons and estates of idiots, lunatics and such as, being of unsound mind, are unable to govern themselves and their estates.

The practice for the time of the English Courts is in force in the Colony and such of the laws of England as existed on the 5th of April, 1843, are in force in the Colony except so far as the practice and laws are in applicable to local circumstances and subject to legislative modifications thereto.

All civil claims above the sum of $1,000 are heard in the Court's Original Jurisdiction as well as all miscellaneous proceedings concerning questions arising on estates, appointments of trustees, company matters, etc.

196 actions were instituted in this jurisdiction during the year 1938 as against 172 in 1937.

All civil claims from $5.00 up to and including $1,000 are heard in the Court's Summary Jurisdiction by the Puisne Judge as well as all matters arising from distraints for non-payment of rent.

1,383 actions were instituted during the year as against 1,582 in 1937.

All cases in the Probate, Divorce, Admiralty and Bankruptcy Jurisdictions of the Court are heard by the Chief Justice; Bankruptcy sittings usually taking place once a month.

In its Probate Jurisdiction, 432 grants (180 Probates and 252 Letters of Administration) were made by the Court. 77 grants by other British Courts were sealed, making a total of 509 grants made during the year compared with 402 in 1937.

Six new Petitions for Divorce were filed during the year. Eight decrees were made absolute, including four petitions pending at the end of 1937. Two petitions were pending at the end of 1938.

Only three actions were instituted in the Court's Admiralty Jurisdiction during the year.

Criminal cases are first heard by the Magistrates and committed to the Criminal Sessions which are held once every month and the cases are usually divided between the two judges.

"

50

Chapter XIII.

JUSTICE AND POLICE.

The Courts of Hong Kong.

THE SUPREME COURT.

There are at present two permanent Judges, a Chief Justice and a Puisne Judge, whilst additional judges for purposes of certain appeals are temporarily appointed as and when required.

The Supreme Court has the same jurisdiction as His Majesty's Courts of King's Bench, Common Pleas and Exchequer lawfully have or had in England and is a Court of Oyer and Terminer and Gaol Delivery, Assize and Nisi Prius, with juris- diction in Probate, Divorce, Admiralty, Bankruptcy and Criminal matters.

It is also a Court of Equity with such and the like jurisdiction as the Court of Chancery has or had in England, and has and executes the powers and authorities of the Lord High Chancellor of England with full liberty to appoint and control guardians of infants and their estates and also keepers of the persons and estates of idiots, lunatics and such as, being of unsound mind, are unable to govern themselves and their estates.

The practice for the time of the English Courts is in force in the Colony and such of the laws of England as existed on the 5th of April, 1843, are in force in the Colony except so far as the practice and laws are in applicable to local circumstances and subject to legislative modifications thereto.

All civil claims above the sum of $1,000 are heard in the Court's Original Jurisdiction as well as all miscellaneous proceedings concerning questions arising on estates, appointments of trustees, company matters, etc.

196 actions were instituted in this jurisdiction during the year 1938 as against 172 in 1937.

All civil claims from $5.00 up to and including $1,000 are heard in the Court's Summary Jurisdiction by the Puisne Judge as well as all matters arising from distraints for non-payment of rent.

1,383 actions were instituted during the year as against 1,582 in 1937.

All cases in the Probate, Divorce, Admiralty and Bankruptcy Jurisdictions of the Court are heard by the Chief Justice; Bankruptcy sittings usually taking place once a month.

In its Probate Jurisdiction, 432 grants (180 Probates and 252 Letters of Administration) were made by the Court. 77 grants by other British Courts were sealed, making a total of 509 grants made during the year compared with 402 in 1937.

Six new Petitions for Divorce were filed during the year. Eight decrees were made absolute, including four petitions pending at the end of 1937. Two petitions were pending at the end of 1938.

Only three actions were instituted in the Court's Admiralty Jurisdiction during the year.

Criminal cases are first heard by the Magistrates and committed to the Criminal Sessions which are held once every month and the cases are usually divided between the two judges.

"

Xu

Ch. XIII p.50

51

426 persons were committed to stand their trial at the Criminal Sessions of whom 347 were convicted. Two defendants failed to appear and Bench Warrants were issued for their arrest, their bail being estreated.

A right of appeal exists in all the above jurisdictions. Appeals are board by a Full Court consisting of two or more judges. Under the Magistrates Ordinance, 1932, as amended by Ordinance No. 19 of 1935, any person aggrieved can appeal to a judge from the decision of a magistrate in a summary way. Appeals in this event are heard by a single judge although a right of appeal from the single judge to a Full Court exists.

Criminal: There were seven appeals against conviction or sentence on indict- ment at the Criminal Sessions.

Magistrates: There were thirteen appeals against conviction or sentence by the magistrates.

Civil: There were eight appeals from judgments of the Supreme Court judges.

The Registrar of the Supreme Court also acts in the capacity of Official Trustee, Official Administrator and Registrar of Companies, administering trust estates and deceased's estates and registering companies under the Companies Ordinance, 1932. Bills of Sale are also registered with the Registrar.

The number of Trust Estates in the hands of the Official Trustee at the end of the year was twenty-one.

During the year twenty-five deceased's estates were taken into the custody of the Official Administrator and thirty-seven were wound up.

Eighty-four new companies were registered, bringing the total number of companies on the register at the end of the year to 764 of which nine were in the course of liquidation. Fifty-six were incorporated outside the Colony but carry on business within the Colony. Three further companies ceased to do business. during the year.

Seventeen companies were removed from the register by reason of the cessation. of their business. No company was transferred from the Hong Kong to the Shanghai Register. Five companies were transferred from the Shanghai to the Hong Kong Register.

THE LOWER COURTS.

The lower civil courts are the land courts in the Northern and Southern districts of the New Territories, with jurisdiction over land cases in those districts, and the small debts courts of the same two districts. In these courts the District Officers sit to hear land and small debts cases.

The lower criminal courts are the magistrates' courts, two for Hong Kong island and a small area on the mainland opposite Shaukiwan, two for Kowloon, including the whole area south of the Kowloon hills, and one each for the two districts of the New Territories, in which the District Officers are the magistrates. A third court was in operation from the 20th of September to the end of the year at the Hong Kong Magistracy and from the 26th of September to the 18th of Novem- ber at the Kowloon Magistracy.

The following figures show the amount of work done by the lower courts in 1938-

Civil:-

District Officer, North, Land Court

Small Debts Court

District Officer, South, Land Court

Small Debts Court

127 cases.

125

40

47

22

52

Criminal:-

Hong Kong Magistracy, three courts. Kowloon Magistracy, three courts District Officer, North, one court

District Officer, South, one court

38,612 cases. 34,181 1,418

667

J

""

The figures below show the penalties awarded at the Hong Kong and Kowloon Magistracies in respect of certain cases in 1938:-

Hong

Kowloon. Total.

Kong.

Prosecution (against Adults and Juveniles)

38,571

34,181

:

72,752

Convictions (against Adults and Juveniles)

35,363

32,237

67,600

Adult Offenders.

Fined

25,735

21,447

47,182

Ipmrisoned in default of payment of fine

4:,306

5,011

9,317

Imprisoned without option of fine

3,297

2,589 5,886

Bound over

896

1,710

2,606

Placed under Police Supervision.

45

73

118

Cautioned or discharged

5,063

2,825

7,888

Defendants fined and allowed time to pay fine....

257

710

967

Juvenile Offenders.

Fined

612

932

1,544

Sent to Remand Home

125

167

292

Committed to approved institution

8

S

16

Bound over

87

226

313

Placed on probation

13

10

23

Cautioned or discharged

305

158

508

Whipped

132

58

190

:

Maintenance Cases.

Order made

9

5

10

14

Order varied

1

1

2

Committals in default of payment

لسر

1

1

55

Chapter XIV.

:

LEGISLATION.

Twenty-nine Ordinances were passed during the year 1938. These, and also the Regulations, Rules, By-Laws and other subordinate legislation enacted during 1938, are published in a separate volume by the Government Printers. The twenty- nine Ordinances comprised two appropriations, three replacement, twenty-one amend- ment Ordinances, and three Ordinances which were new to the Colony.

The Appropriation Ordinance, (No. 22), applied a sum not exceeding $29,327,294 to the public service for the year 1938, and Ordinance No. 7 appropriated a supple- mentary sum of $774,321.44 to defray the charges of the year 1937.

The three replacement Ordinances were:-

(1) The Protection of Women and Girls Ordinance, 1938 (No. 5). This Ordinance, which replaced the Protection of Women and Girls Ordinance, 1897 (No. 4) and its amending Ordinances, re-enacted them after a close scrutiny and revision of every clause in the light of the recommendations in the Report of the Mui Tsai Commission and in the light of experience gained from the working of these Ordinances.

(2) The Sedition Ordinance, 1938 (No. 13). This Ordinance, which replaced the Seditious Publications Ordinance, 1914 (No. 6), is based upon a model Ordinance compiled by direction of the Secretary of State. It clarifies and brings up-to-date the law relating to sedition previously in force in the Colony as contained in the Seditious Publications Ordinance, 1914 (No. 6), regulations under the Emergency Regulations Ordinance, 1922, and the common law.

(3) The Waterworks Ordinance, 1938 (No. 20). This Ordinance replaced the Waterworks Ordinance, 1903 (No. 16) and the regulations made thereunder, and is more in accordance with modern requirements than the 1903 Ordinance.

The twenty-one amending Ordinances covered a wide range of subjects, namely Asiatic Emigration (No. 2), Empire Preference (Nos. 3 and 29), Vaccination (No. 4), Merchandise Marks (No. 8), Bankruptcy (No. 9), Dentistry (No. 10), Registration of Persons (Nos. 11 and 26), Sand (No. 12), Female Domestic Service (No. 15), Offences Against the Person (No. 16), Dangerous Drugs (No. 17), New Territories Regulation (No. 18), Stamp (No. 19), Rating (No. 21), Land Registration (No. 23), Pharmacy and Poisons (No. 24), Dollar Currency Notes (No. 25), Police Force and Peace Preservation (No. 27), Sedition (No. 28).

The Ordinances new to the Colony were:-

(1) Gasholders Examination (No. 1);

(2) Prevention of Eviction (No. 6);

(3) Prohibited Publications (No. 14).

+

Ordinance No. 1 made provision for the periodical examination of gasholders. Ordinance No. 6 restricted the rights of landlords to possession of dwelling-houses in certain cases. Ordinance No. 14 substituted new provisions for the provisions in the Seditious Publications Ordinance, No. 6 of 1914, dealing with the importation of seditious literature.

The subsidiary legislation covered a wide range of subjects including—

Adulterated Food and Drugs, Air Navigation, Asylums, Basel Evangelical Missionary Society Incorporation, Buildings Companies, Dangerous Goods, Daughters of Charity of the Canossian Institute Incorporation, Dentistry, Emergency Regulations,

56

Evidence, Female Domestic Service, Gasholders Examination, Jury, Lighting Control, Liquors, Marriage, Medical Registration, Merchant Shipping, Midwives, Naval Volun- teer, New Territories Regulation, Nurses Registration, Nursing and Maternity Homes Registration, Pensions, Pharmacy and Poisons, Pleasure Ground and Bathing Places Regulations, Police Force, Post Office, Protection of Women and Girls, Public Health (Food and Sanitation), Public Officers (Changes of Style), Public Reclamations Validation and Clauses, Quarantine and Prevention of Disease, Rating, Rating (Refunds), Rope Company's Tramway, Telecommunication, Trade Marks, Tramway, Vaccination, Volunteer.

Factory legislation in the Colony is limited to a single ordinance, The Factories and Workshops Ordinance, No. 18 of 1937, which came into operation on the 1st of January, 1938. There is no legislative provision for compensation for accidents nor for sickness and old age. The introduction of legislation dealing with workmen's compensation is at present under consideration.

D

¡

Chapter XV.

BANKING, CURRENCY, WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.

The Colony is well served by banking institutions, including branches of English, American, French, Netherlands, Japanese and Chinese banks. Besides the fourteen banks which are members of the Clearing House, there are several Chinese Banks. Many native Hongs do some banking business. There are no banks which devote themselves especially to agricultural and co-operative banking. The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation conducts, in addition to its normal banking activities, the business of the Hong Kong Savings Bank on usual savings bank principles. The credit and repute of the Colony's financial institutions are high and it is satisfactory to know that ample encouragement and support are available to finance any possible demand.

The currency of the Colony, which was formerly based on silver, underwent very important changes at the end of 1935. The unit of currency is the Hong Kong dollar, divided into 100 cents. Until 1935 its exchange value fluctuated with the price of silver; but since the passing of the Currency Ordinance on the 5th of December, 1935, the value of the dollar is controlled by an Exchange Fund, which has power to buy and sell foreign exchange, and has taken over the silver formerly held against their issues by the note-issuing banks, in return for certificates of indebtedness against which the Fund may hold bullion, foreign exchange or approved securities. At the 30th of June, 1938 (the latest date for which figures have been made public) the Fund had issued Certificates of Indebtedness to the value of $191,034,887, which is equivalent to £11,914,806 @ 1/232d, the middle market rate on that day. The total assets of the Fund amounted to £13,012,872.

The legal tender currency of the Colony is now as follows:-

(a) Bank notes, the excess of which over the fiduciary issue of each bank

is now backed by certificates, not by silver as formerly :-

at 31.12.38.

(i) Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China....... $24,852,657 (i) Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corporation......$210,197,678 (ii) Mercantile Bank of India

$4,441,620

(b) Government $1 notes, of which $5,571,000 had been issued up to the

end of 1938.

(c) 10 cent and 5 cent cupro-nickel coins, and 10 cent and 5 cent nickel

coins with the security rim.

A

56

Evidence, Female Domestic Service, Gasholders Examination, Jury, Lighting Control, Liquors, Marriage, Medical Registration, Merchant Shipping, Midwives, Naval Volun- teer, New Territories Regulation, Nurses Registration, Nursing and Maternity Homes Registration, Pensions, Pharmacy and Poisons, Pleasure Ground and Bathing Places Regulations, Police Force, Post Office, Protection of Women and Girls, Public Health (Food and Sanitation), Public Officers (Changes of Style), Public Reclamations Validation and Clauses, Quarantine and Prevention of Disease, Rating, Rating (Refunds), Rope Company's Tramway, Telecommunication, Trade Marks, Tramway, Vaccination, Volunteer.

Factory legislation in the Colony is limited to a single ordinance, The Factories and Workshops Ordinance, No. 18 of 1937, which came into operation on the 1st of January, 1938. There is no legislative provision for compensation for accidents nor for sickness and old age. The introduction of legislation dealing with workmen's compensation is at present under consideration.

D

¡

Chapter XV.

BANKING, CURRENCY, WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.

The Colony is well served by banking institutions, including branches of English, American, French, Netherlands, Japanese and Chinese banks. Besides the fourteen banks which are members of the Clearing House, there are several Chinese Banks. Many native Hongs do some banking business. There are no banks which devote themselves especially to agricultural and co-operative banking. The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation conducts, in addition to its normal banking activities, the business of the Hong Kong Savings Bank on usual savings bank principles. The credit and repute of the Colony's financial institutions are high and it is satisfactory to know that ample encouragement and support are available to finance any possible demand.

The currency of the Colony, which was formerly based on silver, underwent very important changes at the end of 1935. The unit of currency is the Hong Kong dollar, divided into 100 cents. Until 1935 its exchange value fluctuated with the price of silver; but since the passing of the Currency Ordinance on the 5th of December, 1935, the value of the dollar is controlled by an Exchange Fund, which has power to buy and sell foreign exchange, and has taken over the silver formerly held against their issues by the note-issuing banks, in return for certificates of indebtedness against which the Fund may hold bullion, foreign exchange or approved securities. At the 30th of June, 1938 (the latest date for which figures have been made public) the Fund had issued Certificates of Indebtedness to the value of $191,034,887, which is equivalent to £11,914,806 @ 1/232d, the middle market rate on that day. The total assets of the Fund amounted to £13,012,872.

The legal tender currency of the Colony is now as follows:-

(a) Bank notes, the excess of which over the fiduciary issue of each bank

is now backed by certificates, not by silver as formerly :-

at 31.12.38.

(i) Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China....... $24,852,657 (i) Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corporation......$210,197,678 (ii) Mercantile Bank of India

$4,441,620

(b) Government $1 notes, of which $5,571,000 had been issued up to the

end of 1938.

(c) 10 cent and 5 cent cupro-nickel coins, and 10 cent and 5 cent nickel

coins with the security rim.

A

(d) 1 cent copper coins.

57

(e) .800 fine siver sub-coin (10 cent and 5 cent pieces, and a few 50 and 20 cent pieces), which has either remained in circulation in the Colony or filters back into it from the mainland of China, is still legal tender in the Colony. Sub-coin is legal tender only up to an amount of $2.00.

The currency situation remained stable during the year. The fluctuations in the exchange rate, controlled by the Exchange Fund, were small. The official rate quoted by the Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corporation for the sale of sterling varied between a maximum of 1/2 and a minimum of 1/212 on the 20th of March. For eight months of the year the quotation was at the maximum rate. The fall in exchange in the Spring was due to the temporary disturbance caused by the sharp decline in the value of the Shanghai dollar which commenced then. Market rates were, in general, somewhat higher than the official rates quoted above.

The weights and measures in use in the Colony are defined in the Schedule to Ordinance No. 2 of 1885. They consist of the standards in the United Kingdom and of the following Chinese Weights and Measures:-

1 fan (candareen)

1 tsin (mace)

1 leung (tael)

1 kan (catty)

1 tam (picul)

1 check (foot)

0.0133 ounces avoirdupois.

.133 ounces avoirdupois.

1.33

ounces avoirdupois.

1.33

pounds avoirdupois.

=

133.33

pounds avoirdupois.

145 Engllish inches divided into 10 tsun (inches) and each tsun into ten fan or tenths.

Chapter XVI.

PUBLIC FINANCE AND TAXATION.

The following tables show the Revenue and Expenditure for the five years 1934 to 1938 inclusive.

1934..

1935.

1936....

1937.....

1938...

Revenue.

Expenditure.

Surplus.

$29,574,286 $31,149,156

Deficit. $1,574,870

28,430,550 28,291,636 $ 138,194

30,042,984 29,513,520

529,464

33,196,368 32,111,222

1,085,146

36,735,854

37,175,897

440,043

The estimates for 1938 provided for a deficit of $3,124,629, revenue being put at $30,254,920 and expenditure at $33,379,549. No new or increased taxes were imposed during the year. The increase in revenue was due to the diversion of a large proportion of China's trade to ports trading through Hong Kong, which continued through the greater part of 1938, and to the general increase of the Colony's population owing to an influx of refugees which reached its maximum in the latter months of the year. The effect of this increase in population is most clearly seen in the receipts from rates and from import, betting and entertainment duties.)

(The situation in China and its direct or indirect repercussions on the Colony, particularly as regards emergency relief and two epidemics of disease, were res- ponsible for the large proportion of the increase in expenditure. A new system of accounting, directed by the Secretary of State, and a revision of the method of

58

payment of the Military Contribution also had the effect of weighting the 1938 expenditure in a manner which had not been foreseen when the estimates were prepared, though future liabilities were thereby reduced.

The Public Debt of the Colony at the 31st of December, 1938, was $16,598,000, consisting of two issues: the 4% Conversion Loan of $4,838,000, raised in 1933, the sinking fund of which amounted, on the 31st of December, 1938, to £66,937. 7. 4; and the 34% Dollar Loan raised in July, 1934. This latter loan is redeemable by drawings at par in each of the twenty-five years commencing in 1935 at the annual rate of one twenty-fifth of such issue. The amount outstanding at the 31st of December, 1933, was thus reduced to $11,760,000.

The Assets and Liabilities of the Colony on the 31st of December, 1938, are shewn in the following statement :-

LIABILITIES.

EA

C.

ASSETS.

$

C.

Deposits:-

Contractors

and Officers

Deposits $ 519,585.00

Insurance

Companies... 1,678,641.62

Miscellaneous

Advances:

Miscellaneous

Pending Re-imbursements from 31% dollar loan

Pending Re-imbursements

from proposed new loan

Imprest Account

Subsidiary Coin

Suspense Account

53,443.81

10,926,056.46

1,077,333.06

10,420.17

90,625.00

26,438.25

Deposits.... 1,486,256.87

3,684,483.49

Current

Government House and City

Development Fund

Note Issue Account:

Account .$1,480,119.62 Fixed Deposit. 4,000,000.00

839,704.12

5,480,119.62

King George V Memorial Fund.

158,368.56

Nickel Coinage Account:-

Current

Exchange Adjustment

26,092.39

Account..

$ 206,860.45

Sterling Invest-

Praya East Reclamation.

74,089.39

ment Account 1,286,208.61

1,493,069.06

Note Security Fund.

Cash:

5,480,119.62

Accountant-General

Nickel Coinage Security Fund..

1,493,069.06

Crown Agents

422,048.64

18,827.76

*Joint Colonial Fund

2,871,932.78

Fixed Deposits:

Total Liabilities

11,755,926.63

General Insurance

.$1,050,000.00

Companies... 1,678,641.62 Miscellaneous.. 119,205.37

General Revenue Balance

13,562,234.97

Total

$

25,318,161.60

Total

2,847,846.99

$ 25,318,161.60

*Joint Colonial Fund £178,000. Os. Od.

The main heads of taxation enforced in the Colony, with the yield of each for 1938, are as follows:-

(a) Duties on Liquor, Tobacco, Motor Spirit and Perfumed

Spirit

(b) Port and Harbour Dues

(c) Rates (Assessed Taxes)

(d) Estate Duty

($9,105,121.72)

.(

532,539.63)

( 5,997,110.00)

( 1,220,854.17)

59

(e) Stamp Duties

(f) Entertainment Tax

(g) Betting Tax

h) Miscellaneous Licences

(2,324,948.76)

.(

320,027.86)

.(

238,274.89)

.( 2,451,313,97)

Considerable revenue is, however, derived from sources not strictly classifiable

as taxation, i.e.

Excess Water Supply

Post Office

Kowloon-Canton Railway

Land Sales

($2,315,668.20)

.( 2,918,028.82)

.( 1,782,287.74)

( 1,199,510.47)

The largest item of revenue is derived from the assessment tax (Rates). The sum collected during 1938 represents 16.32% of the total revenue. There is a general rate of 15% plus a water rate of 2% on assessed rateable value. Properties in outlying districts which have unfiltered water pay a water rate of 1%, and this rate is remitted altogether if no water is available.

There is no general customs tariff in Hong Kong, import duties being confined to liquor, tobacco, motor spirit and perfumed spirit. There is no export tariff. The sale of opium is a Government Monopoly, and all importation of opium other than by Government is prohibited. The importation of dangerous drugs is regulated in accordance with the terms of the Geneva Convention. Arms, ammunition, explosives and dangerous goods are subject to the normal Harbour and Police Regulations in regard to storage and movement. A special Foreign Registration fee of 20% of the value of a motor vehicle is payable in respect of any vehicle not produced within the British Empire.

The duties on imported liquor range from $0.80 per gallon on beer to $1.50 on Chinese liquor and to $13 on sparkling European wines. A 50% reduction in duty is allowed in respect of brandy grown or produced within the British Empire.

The duties on tobacco range from $0.90 per lb. on the lowest taxed unmanu- factured tobacco to $2.60 per lb. on cigars. A reduction in duty is allowed on tobacco of Empire origin and/or of Empire manufacture.

A duty of 30 cents per gallon is payable on all light oils imported into the Colony.

The only form of excise duty is the tax on locally manufactured liquor.

Stamp duties are imposed on various instruments and, where a consideration is involved, are mainly ad valorem. The following are examples of the duties charged :-Affidavits, Statutory Declarations, etc., $3; Bills of Exchange (inward) and Cheques, 10 cents; Bills of Lading, 15 cents when freight is under $5, 40 cents when freight is $5 or over; Bond to secure the payment or repayment of money, 20 cents for every $100 or part thereof; Conveyance on sale, $1 for every $100 or part thereof; Mortgages, principal security, 20 cents for every $100 or part thereof, Life Insurance Policy, 25 cents for every $1,000 insured; Receipts, 10 cents for amount over $20; Transfer of Shares, 20 cents for every $100 of market value.

No Hut Tax or Poll Tax is imposed in the Colony.

60

Chapter XVII.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Vice-Admiral Sir Percy Noble, K.C.B., assumed command of the China Station on the 5th of February, 1938. His flag was hoisted in H.M.S. "Cumberland" on that day. From the 24th to the 30th of January Air Chief Marshal Sir Edward Ellington, G.C.B., Marshal and Inspector Ceneral of the Royal Air Force, paid a visit to the Colony as the guest of the Governor. His Excellency Dr. Tamagnini Barbosa, Governor of Macao, paid an official visit to the Governor on the 24th of March. General Wu Te-chen, Chairman of the Kwangtung Provincial Government, arrived in the Colony on the 30th of August on an unofficial visit to the Governor, and was present at a meeting of the Legislative Council on the 1st of September.

The Governor paid an unofficial visit to Canton from the 21st to the 23rd of

July.

On Friday, the 7th of January, the Governor officially re-opened the New Nethersole Hospital. The original Nethersole Hospital was founded in 1893 by private enterprise as an institution for women and children. The new building was built at a cost of $200,000 and, together with the adjoining Alice Memorial Hospital, now has accommodation for 100 patients of both sexes.

A Government-controlled Trade School for the training of craftsmen and technicians was opened by the Governor on the 12th of April. The school itself developed from a Junior Technical School which had been run successfully for several years. Full-time courses in wireless-telegraphy, engineering and building are now provided. The Building Contractors Association was largely responsible for this new accommodation for the school.

On the 30th of June the tenth anniversary of the Hong Kong Broadcasting Studio (ZBW) was celebrated.

A commission to enquire into the general increase in rents was appointed on the 9th of March. Its report was submitted to the Governor on the 2nd of April and was printed as Sessional Paper No. 5 of 1938. The Housing Commission, appointed by Sir William Peel on the 10th of May, 1935, concluded its enquiry on the 16th of March, 1938, and its report was printed as Sessional Paper No. 6 of 1938. A Refugee Camps Committee was appointed in September and a Committee to enquire into the broadening of the basis of taxation in the Colony in December.

•

New Emergency Regulations for Hong Kong were gazetted on the 12th of October.

An epidemic of small-pox occurred during the month of January. Free vaccination was made available at all Government clinics and with the coming of the warmer weather the epidemic gradually disappeared.

The Empire "All Up" air mail scheme was extended to the Colony by the arrival of two Imperial Airways aeroplanes on the 9th of September. The Air France service for passengers and mails was inaugurated on the 10th of August, and the Eurasia Aviation Corporation commenced a new service from Hong Kong to Kunming on the 13th of June.

Co-operation with the business firms with regard to Air Raid Precautions was commenced in June. A Ladies Air Raid Precautions Union was formed on the 3rd of June, with Lady Northcote as President. Air Raid Precautions drill for women was made available on the 18th of July.

Among the Honours conferred by His Majesty during the year were the following:-

C.B.E.

O.B.E.

61

New Year Honours.

The Honourable Mr. T. N. Chau.

―

Major M. A. Johnson.

King's Police Medal - The Honourable Mr. T. H. King.

Kt.

O.B.E.

O.B.E.

Birthday Honours.

The Honourable Mr. R. H. Kotewall, C.M.G., LL.D. Mr. J. H. Taggart.

Dr. R. B. Jackson.

Appendix I.

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF GENERAL INTEREST RELATING TO HONG KONG.

TITLE.

PRICE.

AGENTS FOR SALE.

$

Sessional Papers (Annual)

Blue Book (Annual)

Ordinances-Ball's Revised Edition (In 6

Volumes) 1844-1923

Regulations of Hong Kong, 1844-1925 *Ordinances, Fraser's Revised Edition,

1844-1937

30.00

150.00

*Regulations of Hong Kong, 1844-1937

75.00

Ordinances and Regulations (Annual)

3.00

Administration Reports (Annual)

5.00

Estimates (Annual)

3.00

Government Gazettes (Weekly)

Meteorological Bulletin (Monthly)

2.00

Colonial Secretariat and Government

3.00

90.00

Printers.

Colonial Secretariat, Government Printers and Crown Agents for the Colonies, London.

Colonial Secretariat, Government Printers and Crown Agents for the Colonies, London.

Colonial Secretariat.

Government Printers and Crown Agents

for the Colonies.

Colonial Secretariat and Crown Agents for

the Colonies.

Colonial Secretariat, Government Printers

and Crown Agents.

Colonial Secretariat.

Government Printers.

.50 Government Printers and Crown Agents.

10.00

Government Printers.

per

Hong Kong Trade and Shipping Returns

annum.

(Monthly)

2.00

Government Printers and Crown Agents.

Hong Kong Trade and Shipping Returns

(Annual)

2.00

Hansards (Annual)

5.00

Historical & Statistical Abstract of the

Colony of Hong Kong, 1844-1930

4.00

Government Printers and Crown Agents. South China Morning Post, Hong Kong.

Colonial Secretariat.

* First volume only available at the end of 1938.

TITLE.

Hong Kong

Rambles in Hong Kong

Hong Kong Around and About Hong Kong

AUTHOR'S NAME.

E. Thorbecke

PRICE.

AGENTS FOR SALE.

$

3.50

Kelly and Walsh, Ltd. and Brewers' Bookshop, Hong Kong.

G. S. P.

do.

Heywood

2.00

W. Peplow

4.00

do.

G. R. Sayer

18/-

Kelly and Walsh, Ltd.

Hong Kong Riviera of the Orient Glimpses of Hong Kong

1.00

do.

1.00

do.

Echoes of Hong Kong & Be; ond

L. Forster

1.50

do.

Hong Kong Naturalist (published

quarterly)

Herklots &

Heywood

4.00

do.

Under the Mosquito Curtain

Hong Kong Dollar Directory

Lady Southorn,

O.B.E.

3.50

do.

1.00

Brewers' Bookshop.

Naval, Military & Air Force Directory.

.50

do.

Hong Kong Daily Press Directory ..... Picturesque Hong Kong.....

.50

do.

1.25

do.

..

62

Appendix II.

A NOTE ON THE EFFECT OF THE SINO-JAPANESE HOSTILITIES ON THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC LIFE OF THE COLONY.

Two effects on Hong Kong of the hostilities in China stand out; the large increase in population due to the influx of refugees and the diversion to the Colony of Chinese trade normally conducted through other ports. The special problem of the destitute refugees is dealt with separately below.

General.

Trade passing through Hong Kong was increased abnormally by the diversion of some of the Yang-tse Valley trade to the Canton-Hankow Railway, linked at the end of 1937 with the Kowloon-Canton Railway; and by the large imports both by rail und by the new road of supplies for the Chinese Government. Early in the year Chinese Maritime Customs returns shewed the Colony to be handling about half the trade of China coming within their purview; the proportion fell later as Shanghai trade revived, but trade in Hong Kong continued brisk until October. With the fall of Canton and the closing of the Pearl River, there was, after October, a sharp fall in trade with South China and grave fears were felt for the Colony's economic future. Although the intense activity of the first nine months of the year was not maintained, business conditions generally were not unsatisfactory owing to an aggregation of various beneficial influences, among which may be mentioned the diversion of part of the Canton trade to indirect channels, the continued diversion to Hong Kong of other branches of China trade (e.g. the tea trade), the development of manufacturing under Imperial Preference and the continued transfer of minor industries from China, and the well-sustained demand of the local market owing to the increase of population. Many of the refugees, it is important to remember, were by no means destitute.

The increased population had many other effects. There was a rapid fall in the number of vacant tenements. By June, 1938, for practical purposes, all vacant properties had become occupied. A general increase in rents had set in shortly before, and, to protect existing tenants from exploitation, a Prevention of Eviction Ordinance was passed. A considerable demand was shewn for Crown Land for both new residential building and new factories. The general level of prices had risen since the commencement of the hostilities, but during the year under review there was a remarkable absence of severe fluctuation. Fresh vegetables and firewood became scarce after the fall of Canton, but the initial rise in price of these com- modities was not maintained.

The yield of most forms of taxation was greatly increased, and the profits of public utility companies and other enterprises operating mainly in the Colony were enhanced by the growing population. The Kowloon-Canton Railway had a prosperous year and, even after the limitation of its activities to British territory after the fall of Canton, it maintained unusually high receipts from local traffic.

The general supply of labour was considerably in excess of demand throughout the year. Crime, particularly in the various forms of larceny, not unnaturally increased with the entry into the Colony of large numbers of destitutes. Hospitals were overcrowded throughout the year.

Tourist traffic shewed a slight falling off by comparison with previous years, but this was perhaps more than compensated for by the fact that Hong Kong became the main port of entry into China proper. Hotels and boarding houses were full throughout the year.

Considering that the Japanese operations in South China extended to the very frontier of the Colony it is remarkable that no incidents of a political nature occurred within the Colony during the year under review. Outside territorial waters, however, fishing junks were severely harassed, numerous cases of allegedly unwarranted attack being reported to the Government.

=

63

Relief Measures.

By the end of 1937 the Shanghai Refugees Committee had practically concluded its work. Most of the non-Chinese refugees from the North had returned to their homes, but the Colony was faced, during the ensuing year, with a much larger influx of Chinese from neighbouring territories consequent upon the Japanese invasion of South China. The various relief organizations in Hong Kong including the Tung Wah Hospitals Committee, the oldest Chinese charitable institution in the Colony, the Street Sleepers Shelter Society, the Society for the Protection of Children, the Little Sisters of the Poor, the Salvation Army, etc., did their utmost to cope with the great increase in destitution which resulted from the influx of refugees from the affected parts of China, but their combined resources were quite inadequate to meet the task and Government was obliged to step in and to take over the major part of the burden.

In the earlier part of 1938 the Tung Wah Hospital Authorities were entrusted with the care of homeless and friendless refugees. Several buildings were lent to this body for the purpose, including the former Government Civil Hospital, a portion of the former Victoria Gaol and a building, which had served as the Kowloon Magistracy. By May some 2,648 of such refugees were receiving food and shelter in this way. Many thousands were repatriated through the good offices of the authorities in question, a total of over 30,000 being reached between July, 1937, and June, 1938. Needless to say, this number formed but a small proportion of those who sought asylum in these territories. Tens of thousands of refugees packed into the already crowded tenements and the average number of persons to each floor of the typical three-storied Chinese houses rose from an average of eighteen to sixty. Many could find no accommodation and slept in the streets. A census taken in June, 1938, by the Police Department estimated the number of street sleepers at 27,000. Sanitary conditions deteriorated as might be expected and a severe outbreak of cholera was superimposed on an even more severe epidemic of small-pox. To relieve these conditions Government decided to undertake a scheme for the housing of some 5,000 persons in the urban area. Three camps were built, one on the Island at North Point, a second at Ma Tau Chung and a third at King's Park, the last two being situated on the mainland. These camps were designed to hold about 5,000 persons and cost about $500,000 to build.

The administrative, medical and health duties of the camps were the responsibility of the Director of Medical Services and his staff, with the assistance of a Committee appointed by the Governor.

Welfare work, education and industrial activities in the camps were handed over to representatives of a voluntary organization-the Emergency Refugee Council- which came into being on the 11th of June, 1938, and which was, later, regarded by Government as the chief co-ordinating body for the refugee relief associations in Hong Kong .

Whilst the urban area camps were being constructed a new situation arose in the rural areas owing to the extension of hostilities to Kwangtung.

The landing of Japanese troops at Bias Bay on the 12th of October, followed by the taking of Canton, nine days later, intensified the refugee problem and many thousands poured across the frontier into the New Territories.

A matshed camp was rapidly established at Pat Heung which eventually housed 5,000 refugees.

Later, as the result of a further extension of the Japanese activities on the Hong Kong Kwangtung border, additional camps in the form of railway trucks were opened at Fanling close to the border. These provided accommodation for another 3,000 to 4,000 refugees.

A large number of refugees scattered to the villages in the New Territories, being prevented from entering the urban area by a particularly efficient policing system along a line drawn between Taipo and Castle Peak.

7.

7

64

The sanitary conditions and lack of housing accommodation and water supply called for concerted action in December. The Emergency Refugee Council, the Wai Yeung Association, the Tung Wah Hospitals Committee and allied Chinese charitable bodies were approached and asked to assist in establishing camps in Chinese territory just across the border. At the same time St. John Ambulance Association was asked to furnish medical aid to the camps in Chinese territory. As the result of intensive propaganda in the New Territories, the bulk of the refugees were induced to return to their villages in Kwangtung. By the end of 1938 there were about four thousand refugees in Government camps in the New Territories apart. from those in the towns and villages of the New Territories, and about three thousand in Government camps in the urban area.

In addition, there were in an internment camp rather over 1,100 Chinese soldiers out of an original total of about 1,300 healthy and wounded soldiers who had sought safety in these territories during the operations on the Hong Kong-Kwangtung border at the end of November.

Some idea of the extent of the refugee problem can be gauged from the fact that 305,957 more persons arrived in the Colony by railway and by ocean and river steamer than departed. This figure does not include numbers arriving by sampan, junk, ferry, launch and on foot. It represents an addition of more than one third to the normal estimated population of the Colony. As might be expected, a pro- portion of the cases of cholera, small-pox and cerebro-spinal meningitis which had to be dealt with in the Colony were imported from Kwangtung and other infected parts of China.

One of the more remarkable features of the situation in connexion with the refugee problem in Hong Kong in 1938 was the immediate response on the part of all classes of the community to appeals for help for the refugees. So much was this the case that it was found necessary to warn organizations of the desirability of working through a single co-ordinating voluntary body.

In order to stimulate further the generous response for help for the refugees, not only in the colony but in South China as a whole, in the autumn of 1938 a Hong Kong and South China Branch of a fund called the British Fund for the Relief of Distress in China was opened. Up to the 31st of December, 1938, the total contributions to this branch of the Fund amounted to $389,824.16. The Fund was organized with the idea of centralizing, as far as possible, all charitable efforts at obtaining donations for the relief of distress in South China, including Hong Kong. It did not itself undertake any actual relief work, this being entrusted to such existing relief bodies as were equipped for this purpose, and, in particular, to the Hong Kong Emergency Refugee Council.

On the 14th of December, 1938, a Chinese Sub-Committee of the Fund was appointed to canvass for further subscriptions from the Chinese community.

·

FINANCIAL RETURNS FOR THE YE

ANNUAL COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF THE REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE FOR T

Revenue for same period

Heads of Revenue.

Estimates,

1938.

Actual Revenue

to 31st December, 1938.

of preceding

year.

Increase.

Decrease.

Heads of Expenditure.

C.

C.

Duties

6,820 000

9.105,121.72 7,625,411.42

1,479,710.30

Port and Harbour Dues

655,000

532,539.53 625,684.20

Licences and Internal Re- venue not otherwise specified -

14,004,500

15,098,620.05 14,192,267.74

906,352.31

Fees of Court or Office, Payments for specific purposes, and Reim- bursements in Aid

Post Office

2,615,420 2,787,487.90 2,660,076.47

127,411.43

2,437,050 2,918,028.82 3,254,396.09

Kowloon-Canton Railway -

1,044,900

1,782,287.74 1,297,940.29.

484,347.45

Rent of Government Pro-

perty, Land and Houses -

1,635,050 1,899,215.26 1,725,848.68

173,366.58

Interest

96,000 104,750.87

92,560.15

12,190.72

Miscellaneous Receipts -

592,000 1,308,292.22 1,193,719.34

114,572.88

Se

C.

93,144.57

:

H. E. the Governor Colonial Secretary's Office

and Legislature

Secretariat for Chinese

Affairs

Treasury -

Audit Department

District Office, North -

Do.,

South -

Communications :

(a) Post Office

(b) Radio Traffic Office (c) Wireless

Imports & Exports Office. Harbour Department :—

-

(a) Harbour (b) Air Services-

8

336,367.27 Royal Observatory-

Fire Brigade Supreme Court -

Attorney General's Office Crown Solicitor's Office Official Receiver's Office Land Office

-

Magistracy, Hong Kong Do., Kowloon Police Force- Prisons Department Medical Department Sanitary Department - Botanical and Forestry

Department - - Education Department towloon-Canton Railway Defence:-

(a) Volunteer Defence

Corps

() Naval Volunteer

Force-

(c) Military Contribu-

tion

(b) Air Raid Precau-

tions

-

iscellaneous Services haritable Services

harge on Account of

Public Debt-

Insions

blic Works Depart-

ment

blic Works, Recurrent-

Total (exclusive of Land

Sales)-

29,899,920 35,536,344.21 32,667,904.38 3,297,951.67

429,511.84

Land Sales, (Premia on

New Leases)

355,000 1,199,510.47 528,463.72 671,046.75

TOTAL

$

30,254,920 36,735,854.68 | 33,196,368.10 3,968,998.42

429,511.84

Deduct

$429,511.84

$3,539,486.58

31st January, 1939.

Nett

Dc., Extraordinary

TOTAL

Appendix A.

RETURNS FOR THE YEAR 1938.

REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE FOR THE PERIOD ENDED 31ST DECEMBER, 1938.

Estimates,

Decrease.

Heads of Expenditure.

1938.

Actual Expenditure to 31st December,

1938.

Expenditure for same

period of preceding

year.

Increase.

Decrease.

C.

$

C.

C.

$

C.

$3

C.

30

H. E. the Governor

181,897

177,614.91

194,814.98

17,200.07

Colonial Secretary's Office

and Legislature

308,038

289,148.64

297,082.33

7,933.69

93,144.57

Secretariat for Chinese.

Affairs

146,094

141,520.94

130,757.37

10,763.57

Treasury -

322,901

311,370.12

301,692.79

9,677-33

Audit Department

125,443

115,934.51

121,973.02

6,038.51

District Office, North -

75,788

69,799.63

75,107.19

5,307.56

31

Do.,

South

53,506

70,731.05

48,189.50

22,541.55

Communications

(a) Post Office

820,546

942,717.00

787,756.06

154,960.94

() Radio Traffic Office

183,065

80,768,13

181,934.17

101,166.04

(c) Wireless

-

279,929

211,020.71

211,020.71

+3

Imports & Exports Office-

496,314

457,669.38

+58,006.78

337.40

Harbour Department :-

(a) Harbour -

1,314,654

1,245,853.86

1,035,967.77

210,886.09

(b) Air Services-

120,271

101,138.38

51,930.16

49,208.22

336,367.27 Royal Observatory-

94,003

92,941.16

83,970.09

8,971.07

Fire Brigade

378,786

400,269.05

328,892.56

71,376.49

Supreme Court -

237,906

245,178.48

234,819.59

10,358.89

Attorney General's Office

88,043

86,472.01

79,864.88

6,607.13

+5

Crown Solicitor's Office

66,945

66,376.63

57,718.06

8,658.57

Official Receiver's Office

-

25,849

26,495-59

21,270.10

5,225.49

58

Land Office -

Police Force-

74,011

70,456.05

67,992.54

2,463.51

Magistracy, Hong Kong

74,380

111,072.36

74,494.80

36,577-56

Do., Kowloon

51,457

68,049.36

51,766.36

16,283.00

3.307,395

3,289,490.32

3,109,696.18

179,794.14

Prisons Department

983,622

908,863.71 1,021,593.04

112,729.33

Medical Department

2,177,835

2,407,347.92

2,018,137-44

389,210.48

Sanitary Department -

1,123,136

1,050,283.55

1,009,439.35

40,844.20

72

Botanical and Forestry

Department -

139,579

139,078.07

132,193.47

6,884.60

ducation Department

-

2,276,736

2,139,241.01

2,034,562.00

104,679.01

Cowloon-Canton Railway

832,346

1,163,614.28

831,129.04

332,485.24

38

efence:

(a) Volunteer Defence

Corps

161,932

177,614.40

153.373.62

24,240.78

(6) Naval Volunteer

Force-

49,164

(e) Military Contribu-

tion

5,689,578

47,788.10

6,880,723.81

39,220.86

8,567.24

5,586,415.34

1,294,308.47

37

429,511.84

(b) Air Raid Precau-

tions

50,000

104,501.04

104,501.04

iscellaneous Services.

1,752,435

3,040,662.53

1,628,719.69

1,411,942.84

haritable Services

214,774

460,329.47

214,920.04

245,409.43

harge on Account of

75

Public Debt-

1,351,631

1,351,631.00

1,371,230.98

19,599.98

Insions

2,500,000

2,706,392.00

2,559,809.79

146,582.21

blic Works Depart-

ment

-

blic Works, Recurrent-

2,371,510 1,600,200

2,213,667.71

2,436, 112.31

222,444.60

1,811,168.55

1,768,369.96

42,798.59

32,101,699

35,275,995.42

30,600,924.21

5,167,828.39

492,757.18

1

Dc., Extraordinary 1,277,850 1,899,902.40

1,510,298.07

389,604.33

.2

429,511.84

TOTAL

33,379,549

37,175,897.82 32,111,222.28

5,557:432.72

492,757.18

ཁྲ།༞ {

34

Deduct

$

492,757.18

Nett

-

$ 5,064,675.54

STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES ON THE 31ST DECEMBER, 1938.

LIABILITES.

€A

C.

ASSETS.

C.

Deposits :-

Contractors and

Officers De-

posits

...$ 519,585.00

Insurance Com-

-

Advances

Miscellaneous

...

Pending Re-imbursements from

31% dollar loan...

...

Pending Re-imbursements from

proposed new loan

Imprest Account

...

panies

1,678,641.62

Subsidiary Coin

Suspense Account

53,443.81

10,926,056.46

1,077,333.06

10,420.17

...

90,625.00 26,438.25

Miscellaneous De-

posits

...

1,486,256.87

Note Issue Account :-

Current Account. $ 1,480,119.62

3,684,483.49

Fixed Deposit

--

4,000,000.00

5,480,119.62

Government House and City

Development Fund

839,704.12

Nickel Coinage Account :-

King George V Memorial Fund

158,368.56

Current Account. $ 206,860.45 Sterling Invest-

ment Account...

Exchange Adjustment

26,092.39

1,280,208.61

1,493,069.06

Praya East Reclamation ...

74,089.39

Cash:

Note Security Fund...

5,480,119.62

Accountant-General Crown Agents

...

•

* Joint Colonial Fund

:

•

422,048.64 18,827.76 2,871,932.78

Nickel Coinage Security Fund

1,493,069.06

Total Liabilities

General Revenue Balance

TOTAL...

:

Fixed Deposits :-

General

...$ 1,050,000.00 Com-

1,678,641.62 119,205.37

2,847,846.99

...

11,755,926.62

13,562,234.97

Insurance

panies Miscellaneous

CA=

:

:

31st January, 1939.

25,318,161.60

TOTAL...

* Joint Colonial und £178,000 Os. Od.

:

$

*60

T. BLACK,

25,318,161.60

Accountant-General.

APPENDIX A.

STATEMENT OF SPECIAL FUNDS &c. DEPOSITED IN THE TREASURY.

F

Insurance

Companies.

Government House & City

Praya East

Development

Fund.

Reclamation.

Note

Security

Fund.

Nickel Coinage Security

Fund.

Trade Loan

Reserve.

Total.

C.

$

C.

Balance of Deposits at 1st January, 1938

1,563,341.62.

839,704.12

Add:-Receipts

165,300.00

Deduct-Payments

的

C.

108,280.35

$

C.

$

3,513,870.42

1,678,854.57

338,689.27

8,042,740.35

2,668,884.00

1,556,217.07

311,999.81

4,702,400.88

1,728,641.62

839,704.12

108,280.35

6,182,754.42

3,235,071.64

650,689.08 12,745,141.23

50,000.00

34,190.96

702,634.80

1,742,002.58

650,689.08

3,179,517.42

Balance of Deposits at 31st December, 1938

1,678,641.62

839,704.12

74,089.39

5,480,119.62

1,493,069.06

Investments

Cash in hands of Accountant-General

Cash due to Accountant-General

Balance as above

9,565,623.81

1,286,208.61

1,286,208.61

1,678,641.62

839,704.12

74,089.39

5,480,119.62

206,860.45

8,279,415.20

1,678,641.62

839,704.12

74,089.39

5,480,119.62

1,493,069.06

Net Cash Balance in hands of Accountant-General $8,279,415.20.

9,565,623.81

T. BLACK,

Accountant-General.

Appendix A.

FINANCIAL REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1938.

I.-REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE,

The outstanding feature of the financial results of 1938 has been the large increase in both revenue and expenditure. The estimates provided for a deficit of $3,124,629, revenue being put at $30,254,920 and expenditure at $33,379,549. Actual revenue exceeded, the estimate by $6,480,935 and actual expenditure, including certain special non-recurrent items, exceeded the estimate by $3,796,349 leaving a net deficit of $440,043. The surplus of assets on 31st December, 1938, was $13,562,235 which may be compared with a figure of approximately $9,000,000 which was contemplated as probable after allowing for anticipated deficits in 1937 and 1938 at the time when the 1938 estimates were originally prepared.

2. (No new or increased taxes were imposed during the year and the increase in both revenue and expenditure was almost wholly due to the special conditions arising out of the Sino-Japanese hostilities. The special activity in trade, due to the diversion of a much increased proportion of China's trade to ports trading through Hong Kong, which commenced towards the end of 1937 continued during the greater part of 1938, that is, until the Japanese invasion of South China, and the increase of the Colony's population owing to the influx of refugees continued with some fluctuations throughout the year. The Japanese occupation of Canton in October caused some slackening of trade activity, but increased the stream of refugees and up to the end of 1938 no decline in revenue receipts was perceptible)

3. Most of the principal sources of revenue, of which details are given in the Accountant-General's report annexed, show substantial increases. The number of vacant tenements fell to practically nil and receipts from rates were correspon- dingly higher than in 1937. Liquor and tobacco duties show very large increases and many other items, such as entertainment and betting tax and royalties payable by transport companies, which are affected by the magnitude of the population rose correspondingly. Receipts from land sales rose with the demand for new building and reached the highest level since 1932.

4. (The situation in China and its repercussions on the Colony, particularly the incursion of increasing numbers of destitute or semi-destitute refugees, caused also considerable increases of expenditure, details of which are given in the Accountant- General's report.) In all, supplementary votes for a total of $5,430,507 were approved by the Legislative Council and the Secretary of State. The following analysis of these shows the main categories of this supplementary expenditure.

(1) Accounting adjustments, not involving the authorization of

new expenditure

(2) Revotes of provision in previous estimates

$1,376,083

188,228

(3) Excesses on approved votes due to increased prices of

supplies or services

374,614

(4) Excesses on provision for pensions and passages of

Government servants

439,184

(5) Post Office-increases due to introduction of air mail,

changes in transit charges, etc.

275,600

A 2

(6) Emergency expenses :-

(a) Epidemics of disease

$327,877

(b) Relief of Refugees

804,802

(c) Other emergency expenditure

497,535 1,630,214

(7) Typhoon damage

417,550

(8) Purchase and building of new Government quarters, and

resumptions

(9) Other new or additional expenditure

273,000

456,034

$5,430,507

It will be seen that a large proportion of these votes resulted from the emergency situation, directly or indirectly, including the epidemics of disease which led to a largely increased expenditure by the Medical Department. Much of the supple- mentary expenditure which cannot be definitely attributed to the emergency was indirectly affected by it and the supplementary votes included practically nothing in the way of definitely new services.

5 The expenditure charged during 1928 was also swollen by two special items. In the first place, in pursuance of a new system of accounting introduced by the direction of the Secretary of State, with the object of increasing legislative control of the disposal of public funds and showing more clearly the actual revenue balance available for appropriation, there was charged to expenditure at the end of the year the outstanding balance of building loans made by the Colonial Government and of. the unallocated stores accounts, amounting in all to $1,203,616. In future receipts, and payments on these accounts will be credited or debited as revenue and expenditure.

Secondly, an exceptional payment on account of Military Contribution. made. During the year it was agreed with His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom to abandon the old system by which the Colony paid, as a contribution towards the cost of its defence, 20% of its net revenue and to substitute, for an experimental period of five years, a fixed contribution of $6,000,000 per annum, subject to certain provisos. The amount due on the 20% basis for 1938 was considerably in excess of the estimate and in order to start the new system with ast clean a sheet as possible a payment of $1,000,000 on account of this additional contribution was made at the end of December instead of waiting, according to the usual custom, until after the closing of the accounts of the year.

These two adjustments had the result of reducing the surplus of assets at 31st December, 1938, substantially below what it would have been if the accounts had been made up on the same basis as formerly, but they have left the position corres- pondingly more liquid and future liabilities reduced.

6. As already noted the surplus of assets over liabilities at the end of the year was $13,562,235. The greater part of this, i.e. $12,003,389, was advanced to loan funds pending reimbursement from the issue of loans (i.e. $10,926,056 against the 3% dollar loan, 1934, and $1,077,333 against a proposed new loan. The actual cash resources, after deducting deposits held against special funds, amounted to $3,568,221.

1

Y

A 3

2. LOANS.

7. As regards loans the position remains that of the $25,000,000 authorized by the Dollar Loan Ordinance of 1934, $14,000,000 has been issued. The balance of $11,000,000 is available for issue when the funds are required, expenditure being advanced from general surplus balances in the meanwhile. This system is being continued for the present as the liquid resources available appear sufficient to meet the immediate needs but the necessity of issuing the remainder of the loan as soon as circumstances require is kept in mind.

3. CURRENCY.

8. The currency situation remained stable during the year.

during the year. The exchange rate continued to be controlled by the operations of the Exchange Fund set up under the Currency Ordinance, 1935, and fluctuations in the rate were small. The Treasury average rates for each month were as follows:-

January

February

March

.1/23.

.1/27.

.1/2/37.

.1/22.

April

May

June

July

.1/2. 13/16.

.1/2. 13/16.

August

September

October

November

December

1/27.

.1/27.

.1/27.

.1/2/3.

1/2. 13/16.

.1/27.

It should be noted that the market rates were in general somewhat above the official rates quoted above. The fall in exchange in the spring was due to the temporary disturbance caused by the sharp decline in the value of the Shanghai deilar which commenced then.

10. There was a small further increase in the circulation of bank notes and of Government $1 notes, the figures being as follows:-

Government $1 notes

31.12.37.

$ 3,625,000

31.12.38.

$ 5,571,000

Chartered Bank of India, Australia

and China

25,172,604

24,852,657

Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking

Corporation

199,689,793

210,197,678

Mercantile Bank of India, Ltd.

5,175,570

4,441,620

$233,662,967

$245,062,955

A 4

11. Statements of the position of the Exchange Fund were made in accordance with the now established practice, on the 30th June, 1938, and the 6th January, 1939, showing the position of the Fund at 31st December, 1937, and 30th June, 1938, respectively. The figures of the Certificates of Indebtedness outstanding and the total assets of the Fund were as follows:--

December 31st, 1937

June 30th, 1938

Certificates of Indebtedness (in sterling, converted at middle market

rates).

Assets.

£11,394,969

£12,313,938

£11,914,806

£13,012,872

12. Reference was made in last year's report to the advantages which had been experienced as the result of the steadiness of the exchange and the system of managed currency. During 1938 these advantages continued to be enjoyed and no difficulty was experienced in maintaining the Hong Kong dollar at a steady rate of exchange on sterling when the decline in value of the Chinese dollar already referred to took place. It appeared then to be the general desire of the business community that no attempt should be made to make the Hong Kong dollar follow the Chinese dollar.

13. Subsidiary Coinage. The withdrawal of cupro-nickel 10¢. and 5. coins and the substitution of the new security rim nickel coins introduced towards the end of 1937 has been continued and the following amounts of subsidiary coins were in circulation on 31st December, 1938, in addition to small quantities of silver coins.

Cupro-nickel 10¢.

وو

5¢

,,

Nickel security rim 10¢.

· 5¢.

$

570,000

50,000

1,632,500

174,500

4.

ADMINISTRATION.

14. During the year a separate Stores Department in charge of a Controller of Stores, acting under the Financial Secretary, was created, taking over the central stores work previously undertaken by the Public Works Department. No increase of staff was involved, staff being transferred from the Public Works Department.

15. Reports by the Accountant-General on the Accounts for 1938 and by the Assessor, the Superintendent of Inland Revenue and the Controller of Stores on their departments are appended.

Hong Kong 7th March, 1939.

S. CAINE, Financial Secretary.

;

A. 5

AR

A.

REPORT ON THE ACCOUNTS FOR THE YEAR 1938.

1. Expenditure for the year amounted to $37,175,897 and the Revenue totalled $36,735,854 resulting in a deficit on the year's working of $440,043. The revenue and expenditure for the past ten years is charted in a graph appended to this Report as Financial Return No. 1.

2. The original estimates provided for a total expenditure of $33,379,549 against revenue expected to realize $30,254,920, forecasting a deficit of $3,124,629 for the year under review.

3. The accumulated surplus on 31st December, 1938,

1938, was reduced from $14,002,278 to $13,562,234 as shown in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities attached hereto as Financial Return No. 2.

The statement is supported by four appendices A, B, C, and D, which are published for the first time in accordance with changes in accounting procedure directed by the Secretary of State.

4. Revenue. The actual revenue collected during 1938 was $6,480,935 in excess of the estimate. Of this sum $2,285,121 was in respect of Head 1, Duties, and largely represents the increased consumption of tobacco and liquor consequent on the abnormal increase in population brought about by conditions in China. The decline in shipping was reflected in the fall in Head 2, Port and Harbour Dues, which failed to reach the estimate by $122,460. Head 3, Licences and Internal Revenue, produced $1,094,120 more than was expected. The chief items showing excesses were Water Excess Supply, Stamp Duties, Betting and Entertainment Taxes.

Post

Under Head 4, Fees of Court, etc., a net increase of $172,068 was recorded, largely due to increased sales of Sand, Medical Treatment, and Air Services Fees. Notable decreases were in Companies Fees as a result of the situation in Shanghai and in Medical Fees for the Examination of Emigrants consequent in the decline in emigration. A phenomenal rise of $1,015,465 in postage is shown in Head 5, Office, and is explained by an all round increase in postal services but particularly the introduction of the Empire "all up" mail. The revenue from Wireless Telegraphy was $538,098 below the estimate on account of the transfer of Commer- cial Services to Cable and Wireless, Ltd. The net increase in Post Office revenue. was $480,979.

An increase under Head 6, Kowloon-Canton Railway, of $737,388 was chiefly due to a heavier freight business despite the cessation of through running for the last three months of the year. Head 7, Rent of Government Property, was $264,165 in excess of estimates. More buildings, including some new markets, were rented and certain areas of land were rented for open storage.

The estimated revenue from Head 9, Miscellaneous Receipts, was

more than doubled as a result of the abnormal conditions resulting in large royalty payments by the transportation companies. The sale of the Rescue Tug "Kau Sing" and of the commercial wireless equipment produced considerable sums and the transfer to Revenue of the Trade Loan Reserve Fund contributed largely to a net increase of $716,292. Head 10, Land Sales, brought an additional sum of $844,511 to revenue due to the demand for building sites for housing and industrial projects.

5. Expenditure. The expenditure for the year was $3,796,349 greater than the amount provided for in the estimates.

Personal Emoluments amounted to $13,384,078 being $583,223 less than the estimated cost of $13,967,301.

A 6

Other Charges amounted to $5,536,509 as against $4,975,780 an increase of $560,729.

Notable increases over the estimates were shown in the Medical Department, which expended $229,512 in excess of original provision, and Kowloon-Canton Railway, in which the net increase was $331,268.

Defence costs exceeded the original estimates by $1,259,953, of which $1,191,145 was Military Contribution which became due on account of the increased assessable revenue, and $54,501 additional expenditure on Air Raid Precautions.

Miscellaneous Services showed an increase of $1,288, 227 as a result of changes in accounting procedure which necessitated the charging to Expenditure of all unallocated stores and outstanding loans made by Government. Increased expen- diture on Transport of Government Servants was a minor contributory factor.

The cost of Charitable Services exceeded the estimate by $245,555 directly as a result of refugee relief.

Pensions proved to be underestimated by $206,392.

Public Works Extraordinary accounted for $1,899,902 approximately 50% more than originally estimated. Of this additional expenditure the heaviest items. were in connection with the building of Refugee Camps at North Point, King's Park and Ma Tau Chung totalling $461,521.

Provision of quarters for senior officers cost $176,527 and $44,144 was expended on a new Wireless Station at Hung Hom.

Building expenditure on hospitals additional to that provided in Estimates amounted to $121,178.

The expenditure is compared with the original estimates and with the previous year's expenditure in Financial Return No. 6.

The allocation of expenditure under various Heads during the past five years is shown in Financial Return No. 7.

6. Loan Works. Expenditure on loan works authorized by Ordinance No. 11 of 1934 during the year 1938 amounted to $662,572 which was met by an advance from surplus revenues. The total expenditure up to 31st December, 1938, was $24,786,056 details of which are shown in Financial Return No. 8.

Expenditure on certain works which it is proposed to charge to a new Loan amounted to $1,077,333 and was financed by an advance from surplus revenues. Particulars of this expenditure is given in Financial Return No. 9.

7. Trade Loan Account. In accordance with the Secretary of State's instruc- tions to charge all outstanding loans to expenditure, this account was closed on 31st December, 1938.

The outstanding loans on that date amounted to $218,771.42 but as the Reserve Account stood at $311,036.78 the matter was adjusted by debiting the outstanding loans to this Account and transferring the balance $92,265.36 to revenue.

During the year one loan was liquidated by the sale of the mortgaged property and the writing off of the irrecoverable balance.

Financial Return No. 10 shows the position at the close of 1938.

Q

A 7

8. Public Debt. The annual contribution of $166,911 to the 4% Conversion Loan Sinking Fund was as usual invested in sterling securities. A sum of $560,000 was expended in redeeming 3% Dollar Loan Bonds at par in accordance with the terms of the Ordinance governing this issue.

It was again found unnecessary to issue during 1938 any of the remaining $11,000,000 of Bonds authorized by the Ordinance, as the works covered by this Loan were financed without difficulty by an advance from the surplus revenues of the Colony.

A statement of the Colony's Funded Public Debt outstanding on 31st December, 1938, is shown in Financial Return No. 11.

9. The following Financial Returns are intended to show the 1938 results in comparison with the estimates and with the results of previous years.

1.

Chart of actual revenue and expenditure for the years 1929 to 1938.

2. Statement of Assets and Liabilities on 31st December, 1938.

3. Actual Revenue compared with estimate and with previous year.

4. Principal increases and decreases in Revenue.

5. Chart showing fluctuations of Revenue under Heads during past ten

years.

6. Actual expenditure compared with estimate and with previous year.

7. Percentages on the various Heads of Expenditure to the total for the

past five years.

8. Statement of Expenditure on 34% Dollar Loan Account at 31st

December, 1938.

9. Statement of Advances on Loan Works pending reimbursement from

proposed new Loan.

10. Statement of Trade Loans as at 31st December, 1938.

11:

Statement of Funded Public Debt outstanding on the 31st December, 1938.

Treasury March 3rd, 1939.

T. BLACK,

Accountant-General.

- A 9-

GRAPH OF ACTUAL REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE FOR

THE YEARS 1929 - 1938

TO

MILLION GL

IDOLLARS

+39

38

37

36

35

34

33

32

30

29

28

27

25

23

22

930

226

933

க

REVENUE

326

EXPENDITURE

1936

938

LIABILITES.

FINANCIAL RETURN No. 2.

STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES ON THE 31ST DECEMBER, 1938.

A 10

$ e.

ASSETS.

$

SA

0.

Deposits:-

Advances :-

Contractors and Officers De-

Miscellaneous

53,443.81

posits

$ 519,585.00

Pending Re-imbursements from 34% dollar loan

10,926,056.46

Insurance Companies

1,678,641.62

Pending Re-imbursements from proposed

new loan

1,077,333.06

Miscellaneous Deposits

1,486,256.87

Imprest Account

10,420.17

Subsidiary Coin

90,625.00

3,684,483.49

Suspense Account

26,438.25

Government House and City Development Fund

839,704.12

Note Issue Account:

Current Account

$1,480,119.62

King George V Memorial Fund

158,368.56

Fixed Deposit

4,000,000.00

5,480,119.62

Exchange Adjustment

26,092.39

Nickel Coinage Account :-

Current Account

$ 206,860.45

Praya East Reclamation

74,089.39

Note Security Fund

5,480,119.62

Cash :-

Sterling Investment Account 1,286,208.61

Accountant-General

1,493,069.06

422,048.64

Nickel Coinage Security Fund

1,493,069.06

Crown Agents

*Joint Colonial Fund

18,827.76

2,817,932.78

Fixed Deposits :---

Total Liabilities

General Revenue Balance

11,755,926.63

General

$1,050,000.00

13,562,234.97

Insurance Companies Miscellaneous

1,678,641.62

119,205.37

2,847,846.99

Total

25,318,161.60

$

* Joint Colonial Fund £178,000 Os. Od.

Total. $

25,318,161.60

APPENDIX A.

STATEMENT OF SPECIAL FUNDS &c. DEPOSITED IN THE TREASURY.

A 11

Government Insurance House & City Praya East Companies. Development Reclamation. Fund.

Nickel

Note

Security

Coinage

Fund.

Security

Trade Loan

Reserve.

Total.

Fund.

Balance of Deposits at 1st January, 1938

$ C.

1,563,341.62

$ 0.

839,704.12

$ C. $ C. $ C. 108,280.35 3,513,870.42 1,678,854.57

$

4.

$ 4.

338,689.27 8,042,740.35

Add:-Receipts

165,300.00

2,668,884.00 1,556,217.07

1,728,641.62

839,704.12

Deduct :-Payments

50,000.00

108,280.35 6,182,754.42 3,235,071.64 34,190.96 702,634.80 1,742,002.58

311,999.81 4,702,400.88

650,689.08 (12,745,141.23 650,689.08 3,179,517.42

Balance of Deposits at 31st December, 1938

1,678,641.62 839,704.12

74,089.39 5,480,119.62 1,493,069.06

9,565,623.81

Investments

1,286,208.61

1,286,208.61

Cash in hands of Accountant-General Cash due to Accountant-General

1,678,641.62

839,704.12

74,089.39 5,480,119.62 206,860.45

8,279,415.20

Balance as above

1,678,641.62

839,704.12

74,089.395,480,119.62 1,493,069.06

9,565,623.81

Net Cash Balance in hands of Accountant-General $8,279,415.20.

Previous Year.

C.

447,749.26

1,339,709.71

A 12

APPEN

STATEMENT OF BALANCES EXCLUDING SPECIAL

LIABILITIES.

€

ON THE 31st

C.

C.

Deposits:-

Contractors & Officers Deposits....

519,585.00

Miscellaneous

1,486,256.87

2,005,841.87

31,007.47

House Service Account

23,934.73

Exchange Adjustment

26,092.39

10,404.98

Coal Account

7,026.69

Crown Agents Overdrafts

King George V Memorial Fund.........

158,368.56

1,859,832.84

GENERAL REVENUE BALANCE

c.

Balance at 1st January, 1938

14,002,278.11

Revenue 1938

.$36,735,854.68

Expenditure 1938

37,175,897.82

Deduct Deficit 1938

440,043.14

Balance at 31st December, 1938

13,562,234.97

2,190,302.82

14,002,278.11

General Revenue Balance

13,562,234.97

15,862,110.95

15,752,537.79.

-

>

:

DIX B.

A 13

FUNDS &c. DEPOSITED IN THE TREASURY

DECEMBER, 1938.

ASSETS.

Previous Year.

Advances:

C.

A

C.

$

Miscellaneous

53,443.81

Pending Re-imbursements from 31%

Dollar Loan

10,926,056.46

C.

220,148.51

10,263,484.30

Pending Re-imbursements from Proposed

New Loan

1,077,333.06

56,783.30

12,056,833.33

Building Loan

Imprest Account

Subsidiary Coins

Trade Loan Outstanding

Unallocated Stores P. W. D.

Unallocated Stores K. C. R. ̈.

Suspense Account

337,922.63

10,420.17

9,420.17

90,625.00

120,625.00

295,493.00

486,938.40

121,552.45

26,438.25

84,285.42

Cash:

12.184,316.75 11,996,653.18

Fixed Deposit General

1,050,000.00

Fixed Deposit Insurance Companies

1,678,641.62

Fixed Deposit Miscellaneous

119,205.37

Fixed Deposit Note Security Fund

4,000,000.00

Accountant-General

422,048.64

Crown Agents

18,827.76

Joint Colonial Fund

2,871,932.78

Note Issue Current Account

1,480,119.62

Nickel Coinage Current Account

206,860.45

11,847,636.24

Deduct:

Balance of Special Funds etc., in hands of Accountant-General. (Statement A). ...

8,279,415.20

3,568,221.04 3,865,457.77

15,752,537.79 15,862,110.95

APPENDIX C.

STATEMENT OF OUTSTANDING LOANS REPAYABLE TO THE COLONY AS AT 31st DECEMBER, 1938.

Amount

LOAN.

Interest

Date of

Loan.

Authority.

per

TERMS OF REPAYMENT.

annum.

Repaid or

Amount

Sinking Fund Outstanding. accumulated.

A 14

$ C.

$

Shek O

O Development

Co., Ltd. .....$ 38,187.00 Diocesan Boys' School 175,000.00 J. A. Fraser

29. 1.25 C.S.O.

1445/19

4%

2nd February, 1940

38,187.00

28. 1.27 C.S.O.

776/18

3%

Sinking Fund $1,000 half

*11,862.05]

yearly

26,000.00) 137,137.95

25,000.00

16.11.33

C.S.O.

3001/19

4%

$400 monthly

21,200.00

3,800.00

:

G. S. Kennedy-Skipton 30,000.00

27. 4.34 C.S.O.

3009/32

4%

$300 monthly

9,000.00 21,000.00

S. C. Feltham

7,000.00

2. 4.35

C.S.O.

13/3009/22

4%

$400 half yearly

2,800.00

4.200.00

C. E. Moore

15,000.00

2.10.35

C.S.O.

2/5038/29

4%

$500 half yearly

3,000.00

12.000.00

R. H. Woodman

19,500.00

8. 1.36

C.S.O.

C.S.O.

4/5038/29

4%

$975 half yearly

4,875.00

14 625.00

F. J. Farr

20,000.00 17. 1.36

C.S.O.

4778/28

4%

$1,000 half yearly

5,000.00

15,000.00

L. B. Holmes

16,000.00 26. 5.36 C.S.O.

9/5046/29

4%

$800 half yearly

3,200.00

12,800.00

R. E. Stott

13,000.00

29. 8.36

C.S.O.

5035/29

4%

$150 monthly

2,628.91

10,371.09

Hong Kong Travel Asso-

ciation

5,258.84

30. 9.36 C.S.O.

911/35

$100 monthly

2,600.00

2,658.84

R. S. Begbie

20,000.00

F. J. T. Locke

12,000.00

28. 5.37 C.S.O. 16. 6.38 C.S.O.

6/5039/29

4%

$1,000 half yearly

3,000.00 17,000.00

3/5038/29

4%

$1,000 half yearly

12,000.00

Total.

$395,945.84

$95,165.96 $300,779.88.

*Held as Sinking Fund.

A

A 15

APPENDIX D.

STATEMENT OF UNALLOCATED STORES ACCOUNT.

Government

Stores Department.

Kowloon-Canton Railway.

$

C.

$ ¢.

Stock on hand at 1st January, 1938

486,938.40

121,552.45

Add Purchases, returns and charges, as charged

to Expenditure Sub-head

3,134,773.67

814,594.00

3,621,712.07

936,146.45.

Deduct Issues to votes and services as credited

to Expenditure Sub-head

2,775,611.46

494,928.21

846,100.61

441,218.24

Deduct Proceeds of stores sold

60,076.66

335,467.19

786,023.95

105,751.05

Add Transfer between stores

:

42,201.01

786,023.95

147,952.06

Deduct Transfer between stores

40,594.16

745,429.79

147,952.06

Deduct Adjustments for stores not paid for in

year in which received (net)

256.33

745,173.46

147,952.06

Deduct Losses and deficiencies written off

2,153.45

Stock on hand at 31st December, 1938

743,020.01

147,952.06

FINANCIAL RETURN No. 3.

Heads of Revenue.

Actual 1937. Estimates 1938. Actual 1938.

Actual

1937

Percentage of Revenue.

Estimates

1938

Actual

1938

%

%

%

- A 16

1. Duties

7,625,411.42

6,820,000

9,105,121.72

22.98

22.54

24.79

2. Port & Harbour Dues

625,684.20

655,000

532,539.63

1.88

2.17

1.45

3.

Licences and Internal Revenue not otherwise specified

14,192,267.74

14,004,500

15,098,620.05

42.77

46.29

41.10

4.

Fees of Court or Office etc.

2,660,076.47

2,615,420

2,787,487.90

8.01

8.64

7.59

5.

Post Office

3,254,396.09

2,437,050

2,918,028.82

9.80

8.06

7.94

6.

Kowloon-Canton Railway

1,297,940.29

1,044,900

1,782,287.74

3.91

3.45

4.85

7.

Rent of Government Property etc.

1,725,848.68

1,635,050

1,899,215.26

5.20

5.40

5.17

8.

Interest

92,560.15

96,000

104,750.87

.27

.32

28

9.

Miscellaneous Receipts

1,193,719.34

592,000

1,308,292.22

3.59

1.96

3.56

32,667,904.38

29,899,920

35,536,344.21

98.41

98.83

96.73

10. Land Sales (Premia on New Leases)....

528,463.72

355,000

1,199,510.47

1.59

1.17

3.27

33,196,368.10

30,254,920- 36,735,854.68

100.00

100.00

100.00

*

FINANCIAL RETURN No. 4.

THE PRINCIPAL INCREASES AND DECREASES IN REVENUE OVER THE AMOUNTS ESTIMATED WERE AS FOLLOWs :-

1.-DUTIES. Import Duty on Liquor

Estimated

Actual

Increase

Decrease

$

$ $

1,175,000 1,586,705.44 411,705.44

धन

$

,,

""

""

Motor Spirit Tobacco

Duty on Locally Manufactured Liquor

770,000 955,033.69 185,033.69 3,800,000 5,190,701.10 1,390,701.10 975,000 1,265,705.41 290,705.41

2.-PORT AND HARBOUR Dues.

Light Dues

530,000

402,358.63

3.-LICENCES AND INTERNAL REVENUE NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED.

A.-Licences.

Boat

113,000

133,321.60 20,321.60

Liquor

Opium Monopoly

Vehicles Motor

300,000

Motor Drivers

47,000

""

320,000 335,664.30 15,664.30 275,000 345,090.64 70,090.64 340,370.20 40,370.20 64,100.25 17,100.25

Motor Special Licensing Fee

Foreign Registration

40,000

Wireless, Receiving

100,000

94,909.13

127,189.00

54,909.13

27,189.00

Explanatory Remarks

Greater consumption due to increase of population on account of Sino-Japanese War.

do.

do.

do.

127,641.37

Less tonnage clearing the Port.

Revision of fees and more native craft confined to waters of Colony.

More licences issued.

Increased consumption due to increased population.

More liecnces issued.

do.

More foreign vehicles imported. More licences issued.

A 17

FINANCIAL RETURN No. 4.-Contd.

THE PRINCIPAL INCREASES AND DECREASES IN REVENUE OVER THE AMOUNTS ESTIMATED WERE AS FOLLOWS

Estimated

Actual

Increase

Decrease

B.—Internal Revenue.

$

$

$

SA

Bets and Sweeps Tax

120,000

238,274.89

118,274.89

Entertainments Tax

225,000

320,027.86

95,027.86

Estate Duty

1,250,000 1,220,854.17

29,145.83

Stamp Duties

2,150,000 2,324,948.76 174,948.76

Water Excess Supply and Meter Rents

1,900,000 2,315,668.20

415,668.20

C.—Fines and Forfeitures.

Fines

Forfeitures

134,000

30,000

161,854.56

27,854.56

50,354.54 20,354.54

4. FEES OF COURT OR OFFICE, PAYMENTS FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES, AND REIMBURSEMENTS IN AID :-

Explanatory Remarks

Increased population.

do.

Overestimated.

Due to transfer of business from China. More metered services and increased con- sumption.

Increased population.

do.

A 18

A.-Fees.

1.

Air Services Fees

20,000

62,880.20

42,880.20

China Companies

210,000

166,571.51

43,428.49

Crown Leases

48,000

27,450.00

20,550.00

Medical Examination of Emigrants Sunday Cargo-working Permits

220,000

137,127.30

82,872.70

More aircraft using Air Port.

Fewer companies registered due to present situation in Shanghai.

Fewer Crown Leases issued.

Decline in emigration.

110,000

126,456.25 16,456.25

More permits issued.

B.-Receipts.

Fumigating and-Disinfecting Fees

14,500

35,645.09 21,145.09

Medical Treatment

Official Receiver's Commission

Slaughter Houses

110,000, 173,566.93 23,000 6,236.86 136,000 159,562.15

63,566.93

16,763.14

23,562.15

More disinfection and fumigation of ships. More patients.

No large insolvencies.

Increase in slaughtering trade.

Sand

FINANCIAL RETURN No. 4.-Contd.

THE PRINCIPAL INCREASES AND DECREASES IN REVENUE OVER THE AMOUNTS ESTIMATED WERE AS FOLLOWS:

D.-Sales.

5.-POST OFFICE.

Message Fees

6.—KOWLOON-CANTON RAILWAY.

Estimated

Actual

Increase

Decrease

$F

$

$

$

90,000

148,865.25

58,865.25

665,000

126,901.82

MAIN LINE-

R1. Passenger Service, Passengers, Foreign Line

650,000

302,841.34

R1. Passenger Service, Passengers, Home Line

268,000

447,141.82 179,141.82

R3. Goods Service, Goods, Foreign Line. R4. Goods Service, Others, Foreign Line.

50,000

700

510,311.48

71,712.15

460,311.48

71,012.15

R7. Profits on Central Mechanical Works Home Line

200

58,505.43 58,305.43

R8. Rents, Home Line.

7,900

148,581.57 140,681.57

R9. Incidental Revenue, Foreign Line R.10 Auxiliary Operations, Foreign Line...

13,000

92,675.44 79,675.44 62,136.73 62,136.73

538,098.18

347,158.66

Explanatory Remarks

Increased building.

Commercial Services transferred to Cable and Wireless, Ltd.

The train service was considerably cur- tailed due to continuous bombing of Chinese Section.

Increase is caused by the influx of refugees from China.

Large quantities of cargo carried. Increase is due primarily to the running of 2,034 special goods trains.

Overhead charges in connection with re- pairs to rolling stock.

13 acres of space let on the Railway Reclamation at Hung Hom. Profit on exchange.

Haulage on 47,952 train miles on behalf of the Chinese Section.

A 19

FINANCIAL RETURN No. 4.-Contd.

THE PRINCIPAL INCREASES AND DECREASES IN REVENUE OVER THE AMOUNTS ESTIMATED WERE AS FOLLOWS:-

Explanatory Remarks

|

:

A 20

More buildings rented and some increase

in rents.

More permits issued for open storage.

More land sales and fewer arrears. New markets opened at Stanley and Wong Nei Chung.

Sale of Rescue Tug and equipment used in commercial radio business. Contractors' failure to carry out contract owing to conditions in China.

Casual.

Variable.

Traffic affected by large increase in popu- lation

Larger traffic receipts owing to the great increases in population.

do.

Previously held as Reserve Fund and now transferred to Revenue as a result of changes in accounting procedure. Profit on realization.

Increased demand for building sites for housing and industrial projects.

Estimated

Actual

Increase

Decrease

7.-RENT OF GOVERNMENT PROPERTY

$

$

$

LAND AND HOUSES :-

Buildings

105,000 175,011.06 70,011.06

Lands not Leased (Permits for

Encroachment &c.)

250,000

373,185.69

123,185.69

Leased Lands (Crown Rent Exclusive of N.T.)

602,000

631,179.00 29,179.00

Markets

360,000

404,050.13 44,050.13

9.-MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS :-

Condemned Stores &c.

15,000

183,528.04 168,528.04

Conservancy Contracts

30,000

13,654.39

16,345.61

Overpayments in previous years

10,000

64,365.45 54,365.45

Other Miscellaneous Receipts

100,000

146,962.93 46,962.93

Royalty Payable by the China Motor Bus Co., Ltd.

110,000

Royalty Payable by the Hong Kong and Yaumati Ferry Co., Ltd.

...

Royalty Payable by the Kowloon Motor Bus Co., Ltd.

126,000

Repayment of Trade Loan and Interest

Realization of Sterling Fund

194,702.65 84,702.65 124,000 222,495.65 98,495.65 225,672.29 99,672.29 92,265.36 92,265.36

76,398.75 76,398.75

10.-LAND SALES :-

Premia on New Leases, Hong Kong

180,000

362,800.00 182,800.00

Kowloon

""

""

""

75,000

484,169.30 409,169.30

"

New Kowloon

70,000

327,802.84 257,802.84

do.

do.

MI!!

$

क ज

42

12

HAR

SHOW

ANE

HEADS DURI

to

REVENUE

க

TS

F

RO

CHART SHOWING FLUCTUATIONS

OF REVENUE UNDER VARIOUS

HEADS DURING THE PAST TEN

YEARS

1929 - 1938.

REVENUE HEADL

DUTIES

2

PORI AND HARBOUR

3

DUESI

LICENCES AND INTERNAL REVENUE NOT

OTHERWISE SPECIFIED.

E FEES OF COURT OR OFFLER PAYMENTS.

FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES LANDI

REIMBURSEMENTS IN ADI

15 POST OFFICEJ

KOWLOON CANTON RAILWAY

RENTI OF

GOVERNMENT FROPERT

LAND AND HOUSESI

81 INTERESTI

MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPNS)

OLANDI SALES (PREMIA ON NEW LEASES)

YEAR

19291

13301

NI

|32|

133

13.5

33

12

||19291

TO

O

+

31

132

[33]

134

N

135

1361

1421

noga

[1929]

30

131

N

33

1341

35

32

7938

329

Taal

31

132

331

34

36

13

ल त ल ल

938

19291

32

33

134.

35

1921

ISRAI

1193:41

||9231

136

1311

13121

6

13,71

TSUBI

JU:12-1

*

נין

1341

361

1922

3D

आ

1321

TEIS

3151

1921

SUTT

S

19331

1923 LI

[30]

ZEL

M#34

ISIE

1929

161

33

135

1341

1361

37

1933

1929

Taa

132

331

SE

CH

11929

31

[314

35

OLL

122

2230

317)

61

THERWISE SPECIFIED

FEES OF COURT OR CHILEI

FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES, AND REIMBURSEMENTS IN AD

FOST OFFICE

KOWLOON CANTON RAILWAY,

YMENTS.

RENT KH GOVERNMENT PROPERTI

I AND AND HOUSES.I

BINTEREST

DE MISCELLANEOUS RECETENSI

KLAND SALES (PREMIALLON' NEW LEASES).

A 22

FINANCIAL RETURN No. 6.

IN THE FOLLOWING TABLE THE ACTUAL EXPENDITURE FOR THE YEAR 1938 IS COMPARED

WITH THE EXPENDITURE FOR THE PREVIOUS YEAR AND WITH THE ESTIMATES FOR 1938.

Heads of Expenditure.

Actual 1937

Estimates 1938

Actual 1938

$

C.

$

$

C.

H. E. the Governor

194,814.98

181,897

177,614.91

Colonial Secretary's Office and

Legislature

297,082.33

308,038

289,148.64

Secretariat for Chinese Affairs

130,757.37

146,094

141,520.94

Treasury

Audit Department

District Office, North

Do.,

Communications :---

301,692.79

322,901

311,370.12

121,973.02

125,443

115,934.51

75,107.19

75,788

69,799.63

South

48,189.50.

53,506

70,731.05

(a) Post Office

787,756.06

820,546

942,717.00

(b) Radio Traffic Office

181,934.17

183,065

80,768.13

(c) Wireless

279,929

211,020.71

Imports and Exports Office

458,006.78

496,314

457,669.38

Harbour Department :-

(a) Harbour

1,035,967.77

1,314,654

1,246,853.86

(b) Air Services

51.930.16

120,271

Royal Observatory

83,970.09

$94,003

Fire Brigade

328,892.56

378,786

Supreme Court

234,819.59

237,906

101,138.38 92,941.16 400,269.05 : 245,178.48

Attorney General's Office

79,864.88

88,043

86,472.01

Crown Solicitor's Office

57,718.06

66,945.

66,376.63

Official Receiver's Office

21,270.10

25,849

26,495.59

Land Office

67,992.54

74,011

70,456.05

Magistracy, Hong Kong

74,494.80

74,380

111,072.36

Do., Kowloon

Police Force

.51,766.36

51,457

68,049.36

3,109,696.18

3,307,395

3,289,490.32

Prisons Department

1,021,593.04

983,622

908,863.71

Medical Department

2,018,137.44

2,177,835

Sanitary Department

1,009,439.35

1,123,136

Botanical and Forestry Depart-

2,407,347.92 1,050,283.55

ment

132,193.47

139,579

Education Department

}

2,034,562.00

2,276,736

Kowloon-Canton Railway

831,129.04

832,346

Defence:-

· (a) Volunteer Defence Corps

153,373.62

161,932

(b) Naval Volunteer Force

-39,220.86

49,164

139,078.07 2,139,241.01 1,163.614.28

177,614.40 47,788.10

(c) Military Constribution

5,586,415.34

5,689,578

6,880,723.81

(d) Air Raid Precautions

50,000

104,501.04

Miscellaneous Services

1,628,719.69

1,752,435

3,040,662.53

Charitable Services ...

214,920.04

214,774

460,329.47

Charge on Account of Public Debt

1,371,230.98

1,351,631

1,351,631.00

Pensions

2,559,809.79

2,500,000

2,706,392.00

Public Works Department

2,436,112.31

2,371,510

Do., Recurrent

2,213,667.71

1,768,369.96 1,600,200

1,811,168.55

30,600,924.21 32,101,699

Do.,

35,275,995.42

Extraordinary

1,510,298.07

1,277,850

1,899,902.40

TOTAL.. $

32,111,222.28

33,379,549

37,175,897.82

- A 23

FINANCIAL RETURN No. 7.

DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL EXPENDITURE FOR 5 YEARS 1934-1938.

2.

Head.

Service.

தன்

1.

His Excellency the Governor

Colonial Secretary's Office and

Legislature

1934 1935 1936 1937

1938

%

%

%

.50

.51

.50

.61

.48

.91

.93

1.01

.93

.78

3.

Secretariat for Chinese Affairs ...

.46

.45

.47

.41

.38

4.

Treasury

.76

.73

.85

.94

.84

5.

Audit Department

.83

.32

.35

.38

.31

6-7.

District Offices

.35

.37

.42

.38

.38

8.

Post Office and Wireless

Telegraph Services

1.93

2.11

2.24

3.02

3.32

9.

Imports and Exports Office

1.17

1.15

1.45

1.43

1.23

10.

Harbour Department and Air

Services

3.30

3.61

3.77

3.39

3.63

11.

Royal Observatory

.19

.20

.24

.26

.25

12.

Fire Brigade

1.05

.94

.99

1.02

1.08

13-19. Legal Departments

1.76

1.60

1.81

1.83 1.81

20.

Police Force

9.01 8.61

9.60 9.68

8.85

21.

Prisons Department

2.66 2.64 3.00

3.18 2.44

22.

Medical Department

4.83

4.96 5.37

6.28

6.48

23.

Sanitary Department

3.38

3.26

3.15

3.14.

2.82

24. Botanical and Forestry Dept.

.41

.42

.42

.41

.37

25.

Education Department.

5.72

6.02

6.31

6.34 5.75

26.

Kowloon-Canton Railway

3.18

3.26 2.46

2.59 3.13

27.

Defence

16.76 17.34 15.08

18.00 19.40

28.

Miscellaneous Services

6.29 6.01 5.04

5.07 8.18

29.

Charitable Services

.53

.81

.62

.67

1.24

30.

Public Debt.

3.96

4.99 4.71

4.27

3.64

31.

Pensions

5.61

5.49 7.75

7.97

7.28

32.

Public Works Department

7.40

6.84 7.61 7.59

5.95

33. Public Works Recurrent

5.40

4.91 4.44 5.51 4.87

34.

Public Works Extraordinary Naval Arsenal Yard and Kellet

12.15

9.90 10.34 4.70 5.11

Island

1.62

Total....

100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

- A 24

FINANCIAL RETURN No. 8.

31% DOLLAR LOAN ACCOUNT. AUTHORIZED BY ORDINANCE No. 11 OF 1934.

STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE AT 31ST DECEMBER, 1938.

Head.

Total Expenditure

up to 31st December, 1938.

Expended up to 31st December,

Expended

During 1938.

1937.

$

$

$

1. Aberdeen Valley Water

Scheme

2,555,702.78

2,555,702.78

2. Shing Mun Valley Water

Schemes:-

(a) 1st Section

636,765.59

636,765.59

(b) 2nd Section :

(1) Preliminary Works...

36,718.84

36,718.84

(2) Filters

120,045.23

120,045.23

(3) Gorge Dam

8,650,454.49

13,465.46

8,663,919.95

(4) 2nd Cross Harbour

Pipe

173,348.32

173,348.32

(5) 2nd 24′′ Trunk Main ..

271,719.37

271,719.37

(6) 3rd Rapid Gravity

Filters

273,665.55

273,665.55

3. Vehicular Ferry

1,911,450.97

1,911,450.97

4. New Gaol at Stanley

3,857,087.25

55,884.16

3,912,971.41

5. Tytam Tuk Catchwaters

689,386.55

689,386.55

6. Air Port :-

(a) Aerodrome

20,485.92

20,485.92

(b) Airport and Sea Plane

Slipway

732,454.98 20,987.36

753,442.34

(c) Wireless Telegraph

Station

108,776.58 12,060.13

120,836.71

7. Redemption of 3% Ins-

cribed Stock

3,864,942.97

3,864,942.97

8. New Markets:

(a) Central Market

34,840.73 545,301.90

580,142.63

(b) Wholesale Market

185,638.18

14,873.15

/ 200,511.33

Total........ $ 24,123,484.30 662,572.16

24,786,056.46

—

A 25

FINANCIAL RETURN No. 9.

LOAN WORKS.

ADVANCES PENDING RE-IMBURSEMENT FROM PROPOSED NEW LOAN.

Works.

Expenditure

up to 31st December, 1938.

$

Head 1.-NEW MARKETS :- (a) Central Market

Head 2.-WATER WORKS :-

(a) Supply to Albany

80,541.18

(b) Supply to Peak Road

53,181.40

(c) Cross Harbour Pipes

581,801.12

(d) Rapid Gravity Filters Eastern

9,442.72

(e) Kowloon Chai Service Reservoir

22,780.80

(f) Supply Main to Kowloon Chai Service Reservoir.

1,854.95

(g) Distribution Island

19,247.25

(h) Distribution Mainland

44,588.25

(i) Shing Mun Valley Scheme Catchwater

253,895.39

(k) Tai Lam Chung Scheme Preliminary Works

10,000.00

Total...

$1,077,333.06

FINANCIAL RETURN No. 10.

STATEMENT OF TRADE LOANS AS AT 31ST DECEMBER, 1938.

Loans issued since 16th November, 1925,

November, 1925, on approved

securities

Less redemptions effected up to

31st December, 1937

1938

""

$15,633,582.97

$14,954,326.17 40,071.65

14,994,397.82

Less amount written off as irrecoverable

Loans outstanding on 31st December, 1938

Total number of Loans issued since 16.11.1925..........

Less number redeemed up to 31.12.38

302 300

Number of Loans outstanding on 31.12.38

2

639,185.15

420,413.73

$218,771.42

:

FINANCIAL RETURN No. 11.

STATEMENT OF FUNDED PUBLIC DEBT OR LOANS BORROWED FOR FIXED PERIODS OUTSTANDING ON THE 31ST DECEMBER, 1938, AND OF THE ACCUMULATED SINKING FUND AT THE SAME DATE.

A 26

Designation

of Debt or

Loan.

Legal

Authority.

Amount:

SINKING FUND.

Nominal Value.

Cost Price.

Market Value.

Outstanding.

Amount of Stocks, &c.

$

Hong Kong

4%

Conversion

Loan.

Ordinance

No. 15 of

1933.

4,838,000

British Guiana (1960)

3% Stock.

£ S. d.

19,009 9 9 2

£ s. d.

18,724 6 4

£

s. d.

*18,724 6 4

Commonwealth of

Australia (1950/52) ......34%

Funding Loan (1956/61) ...2%

5,000 0 0 0

12,975 10 9

"J

Northern Rhodesia (1950/70) 5%

Sierra Leone (1954)

3%

""

New Zealand (1949)

5%

>>

Kenya (1950)

4/12%

1,572 5 0

13,015 9 7

5,399 17 6

9,673 10 10

4,792 6 8

12,097 9 4

1,845 18 5

12,866 5 10

5,867 16 1

10,743 4 8

(911)

4,575 4,575

(863) 11,256 57

0 0.

(1101) 1,737 69

(921) 12,039 64

(98)

5,291 17 7

น

(1091)10,592 10 7

£66,646 2 10

£66,937 7 4

£64,216 13 2

Hong Kong

31%

Dollar Loan.

Ordinance

No. 11 of

1934.

11,760,000 | Repayable annually at the rate of 1/25th

of the total nominal value $14,000,000

of the bonds issued.

* No quotation.

- A 27

A.

ON INLAND REVENUE FOR THE YEAR 1938.

The four heads of Inland Revenue are Betting Duty, Entertainment Tax, Estate Duty and Stamp Duties.

After allowing for refunds, revenue for the years 1937 and 1938 amounted to :-

1937.

1938.

Betting Duty

133,047.67

238,274.89

Entertainment Tax

238,343.85

320,027.86

Estate Duty

1,383,251.40

1,220,854.17

Stamp Duties

2,130,186.38

2,324,948.76

$4,104,105.68

Totals......$3,884,829.30

There were no new enactments passed during the year affecting Inland Revenue.

As a result of the resolution of the Legislative Council dated 15th December, 1937, under the Betting Duty Ordinance, 1931, to change the rate of duties from a sliding scale to a fixed rate of 2% with effect from 1st April, 1938, the additional sum of $18,479.62 accrued to revenue.

There were no prosecutions or penalties under the Betting Duty or Entertainment Tax Ordinances during the year.

There were 213 convictions in connection with Stamp Duties, as compared with 118 during 1937. Fines imposed amounted to $6,096.00.

Penalties for late stamping inflicted by the Collector of Stamp Revenue during 1938 amounted to $640.80. Details are given below.

Agreements Receipts Promissory Notes

Partnership Instrument Power of Attorney Guarantees

$262.00

15.80

3.00

100.00

50.00

210.00

Total ......$640.80

The Estate Duty Commissioner imposed penalties amounting to $7,693.35 during 1938, as compared with $6,284.20 during 1937.

One appeal, under Section 16 of the Estate Duty Ordinance, was heard by the Governor-in-Council during 1938. A remission of the penal duties claimed by the Estate Duty Commissioner under Section 12 was allowed.

An Assistant Crown Solicitor, Mr. W. A. Jones was seconded to the Treasury departments in October 1938. His main function during the remainder of the year was to advise on legal questions connected with the Estate Duty and Stamp Duty Ordinances. In November 1938 Mr. Jones was appointed Deputy Estate Duty Commissioner and Assistant Collector of Stamp Revenue.

Statistical summaries of Stamp Duty and Estate Duty receipts are shewn in the appendices to this report.

C. BRAMALL BURGESS, Superintendent of Inland Revenue.

13th February, 1939.

A 28

STAMP DUTIES STATISTICS.

CLASSIFICATION.

1937.

1938.

*Charter Parties

16,271.65

Share Contract Notes

43,544.00

47,052.25

Share Transfers

121,154.45

107,511.75

Insurance Policies

71,910.65

77,791.45

Bills of Lading

96,381.55

93,007.00

Certificates to Practise

16,700.00

18,200.00

Promissory Notes

13,900.25

12,922.70

Dividend Warrants

2,317.60

3,584.20

Cheques

108,600.85

121,809.50

Registrar of Companies, Shanghai

1,480.00

988.99

Bank-note Duty

724,494.43

729,357.57

Bills of Exchange

275,982.30

314,035.20

Receipt Stamps

Legal Documents

366,252.00

401,904.00

284,507.25

379,926.65

Other Documents

2,961.05

585.85

Totals

$2,130,186.38

$2,324,948.76

*No statistics kept prior to 1938.

Allowances.

Gross Estate.

Classification

A 29

ESTATE DUTY STATISTICS FOR THE YEAR 1938.

Note. FIGURES IN BRACKETS RELATE TO THE YEAR 1937.

Estates under $200,000. Pre- sumed origin of deceased, British

Isles.

Estates under $200,000. Pre- sumed origin of deceased, China.

502,148.99

Estates under $200,000. Pre- sumed origin of deceased, Other.

Estates over $200,000. All races.

Total.

Bank deposits

436,951.60

(165,665.39)

(675,937.15)

89,560.48 (40,952.87)

421,165.59 (147,687.47)

1,449,826.66 (1,030,242.88)

Business deposits

5,509.28

211,647.63

4,833.42

10,075.00

232,065.33

(3,061.64)

(29,310.97)

(36,015.72)

(300.00)

(68,688.33)

Money out on

82,045.07

170,247.70

1,032,942.98

1,285,235.75

mortgage of land

-)

(140,030.41)

(88,463.15)

(228,493.56)

Other debts due to deceased

48,633.94

*-1,296.00

47,337.94

(1,686.00)

(115,238.87)

(1,166.00)

(93,972.57)

(212,063.44)

Shares quoted on Stock exchange

1,584,810.25

528,560.74

267,457.09

3,254,288.26

5,635,116.34

(2,575,694.14)

(615,159.69)

(361,425.63)

(2,099,182.25)

(5,651,461.71)

37,907.90

Other Shares

827,159.28

(93,909.29)

(457,372.01)

13,945.16 (13,183.41)

997,535.00

1,876,547.34

(424,936.13)

(989,400.84)

Life Insurance

*-15,227.27

147,875.39

150,332.35

1.7.684.23

(114,498,52)

(259,798.49)

(41,096.15)

(780.00)

(416,173.16)

Immovable

43,400.00

2,319,797.85

29,150.00

property

(3,360.00)

(2,393,625.01)

(108,494.73)

827,219.08 (5,174,397.42)

3,219,566.93

(7,679,877.16)

Other property

62,150.26

236,278.74

26,909.06

914,457.97

1,239,796.03.

(202,613.70)

(141,788.31)

(95,732.08)

(28,416.98)

(468,551.07)

2,237,547.09

Gross Estates

4,992,350.26

449,539.44

7,456,387.88

(3,160,488.68)

(4,828,260.91)

(698,066.59)

(8,058,135.97)

15,135,824.67 (16,744,952.15)

9,551.01

Mortgage debts

451,545.22

-)

(432,043.01)

(11,039.03)

(5,281.98)

461,096.23 (448,364.02)

Other debts

23,481.44 (194,546,23)

475,458.55

(777,844.36)

54,260.65 (16,972.75)

200,289.47 (572,384.25)

753,490.11 (1,561,747.59)

Funeral expenses

4,352.33 (4,891.11)

43,753.60

(35,329.05)

1,775.00 (2,528.00)

3,882.00 (2,389.00)

53,762.93 (45,137.16)

Net estates as finally assessed by Commissioner

2,200,162.31

4,021,592.89

(2,961,051.34)

(3,583,044.49)

393.503.79 (667,526.81)

7,252,216.41 (7,478,080.74)

13,867,475.40 (14,689,703.38)

Net estates as originally sworn

2,193,476.34

(2,945,046.24)

3,656,610.09 (3,389,919.50)

385,795.16 (687,987:73)

7,204,789.54 (7,138,082.95)

13,440,671.13 (14,161,036.42)

Revenue

104,842.28 (142,599.28)

171,124.57 (136,325.41)

16,558.19 (30,161.55)

928,329.13 (1,074,165.16)

1,220,854.17 (1,383,251.40)

Number of estates (male)

62

311

27

(81)

(320)

(31)

10 (12)

410 (444)

Number of estates

(female)

22

66

6

3

(28)

(68)

(6)

(2)

97 (104)

Number of cases

19

224

16

6

265

where deceased

died in Colony

(20)

(177)

(14)

(3)

(214)

*Refunds in respect of previous years exceeded receipts.

A 30

A.

REPORT OF THE ASSESSOR FOR THE YEAR 1938.

1. The total Rateable Value of the Island of Hong Kong (including Aplichau), Kowloon and New Kowloon on the 31st December 1938 was $36,120,381 as compared with $34,700,389 on the 31st December 1937, representing an increase of $1,419,992 or 4.09% during the year under review.

2. The following table shows the distribution of the Assessments on December 31st 1938:-

District.

Valuation on 31. 12. 38.

City of Victoria

H. K. Villages

Kowloon

New Kowloon

Total

...

$

21,591,151

3,868,149

8,326,660

2,334,421

36,120,381

3. During the year under review the net revenue from rates was $5,987,126.31 as compared with $5,914,066.49 the previous year, an increase of $73,059.82. The refunds of rates in respect of vacant tenements, assessments cancelled, and tenements not rateable amounted to $52,788.39, compared with $128,138.69 in 1937, a decrease of $75,350.30, which figure, however, cannot be directly com- pared with the increase in the revenue from rates given above, owing to the effect of a preponderance of early or late payments at the beginning and end of the year and a number of other varying factors.

4. By order of His Excellency the Governor in Council a new valuation of the tenements in Hong Kong, Aplichau, Kowloon and New Kowloon was made during the year, being commenced at the beginning of the year and completed by the 29th April 1938, on which date the List was declared before the Honourable the Colonial Secretary as required by law. The result of the new valuation was an increase of $1,293,888 or 3.78% over the Rateable Value obtained by the re-valuation made in 1937.

The details being as follows:-

District

City of Victoria

H. K. Villages

Kowloon

New Kowloon

Total

Valuation Valuation 1937-1938 1938-1939

Increase

Increase

%

$

$

$

20,804,547 21,346,621

542,074 2.61

3,572,778 3,828,927 256,149 7.17

7,704,446 8,118,336

413,890 5.37

2,126,963 2,208,738

81,775 3.84

34,208,734

35,502,622

1,293,888 8.78

Observations with regard to these increases were given in last year's Annual

Report.

A

- A 31

5. The number of floors reported and found vacant during the year averaged 120 per month compared with 1,373 per month last year, while the number of all classes of tenements each under one assessment reported and found vacant averaged 117 per month compared with 618 per month last year. Thus the total vacancies averaged 237 per month compared with 1,991 per month last year. (For December 1938 the total number of tenements and floors found vacant was 95 compared with 870 for December the previous year, (See graph No. 1). The reduction was due to the great influx of refugees from China.

6. Throughout the year, refunds of rates were granted for vacant floors of tenements where the owners had elected at the last Re-valuation to obtain this concession.

7.

The number of Interim valuations carried out during the year under review was 1,405 made up as follows:-

City of Victoria

Rest of Colony

:

Rateable

Rateable

No.

Value

No.

Value

$

$

New or rebuilt tenements and

tenements structurally altered

440

987,174

532

640,026

Assessment cancelled, tenements

resumed, pulled down or being in other respects not rateable

176

607,683

257

252,775

Number and Increase

616

379,491

789

387,251

(See graph No. 2).

8. There was one prosecution during the year, the case being one in which a false return had been given in the Form 1. The defendant was found guilty and a fine of $500 was imposed.

9. The following table shows a comparison of the total assessments for the years 1928-1929 to 1938-1939 and at the 31st December 1937 and the 31st December 1938:-

Year

Rateable Value

As compared with previous year

Increase Decrease

Increase Decrease

%

%

1928-1929 1929 - 1930

30,395,447

1930-1931

1931 - 1932

31,617,566 1,222,119 33,069,602 1,452,036 35,071,566 2,001,964

4.02

4.59

6.04

1932-1933

37,457,725 2,386,159

6.80

1933-1934

38,941,273 1,483,548

3.96

1934 - 1935

38,641,856

299,417

0.77

1935-1936

36,374,100

2,267,756

5.87

1936-1937

34,643,760

1,730,340

4.76

1937-1938

34,208,734

435,026

1.26

1938-1939

35,502,622 1,293,888

3.78

31st Dec. 1937

34,700,389

31st Dec. 1938

36,120,381

1,419,992

4.09

(See graph No. 2).

A 32

VÄRTATION OR VADANT TONSMONTS

INTEROM

VALUATIONS

500000L ?

NI

RATIBABUE

117

אן

树

(A) VARIATION OF THE KATEABLE VALUE OF

(B) VARIATION OF INTERIM VALUATIONS

1828-1939

1939-1930.

11930-1931

121-122.

1932-1933]

A 33

HIMA

INTERLIM

ONS

व

RAID ABUEL MALUDI

IN

35

A 33

2. SHOW

(A) VARIATION OF THE RATEABLE VALUE OF THE COLONY

(B) VARIATION OF INTERIM VALUATIONS

30.1

1928 1929

1929-1930

1220=1931

121 122.

1932-19331

1933-1934

7934 1935

YEAR

I

1

AP

4

CONTENTS.

A. Manner in which the Accounts have been kept and Rendered

Closing of accounts

Matters commented on in report

Rendering of statements

Simplification of accounts.

Misallocations

Queries

Recoveries due to Audit

B. Sufficiency of Existing Checks Against Fraud

Adequacy of regulations

Annual Boards of Survey

Internal Checks

Securities furnished by Public Officers

Control of receipt books, Receipt book registers

Paragraph:

2---15

2

N CO

3

4---5

6--7

8

9-12, 15

13--14

16-31

16

17

18-19

20--22

23-24

Receipt Forms-reduction of number in use

Private cash in Government safes

Magistrate's Accounts

25--26

27

28

Passport Office

Prisons accounts

Frauds

C. Annual Abstract Account

Receipts Payments

D. Authorities for Expenditure 1938

Recurrent

Estimates

Appropriation Ordinance

Schedules of additional provision.

29

30

31

32-38

32-34

35-38

39-51

39--42

39

40

41

Supplementary Appropriation Ordinance

42

31% Dollar Loan-1934

43--47

Estimates

43

Revisions of estimates

44

Transfers in Schedule

45

Excess of expenditure

46

1937 Transfers in Schedule

47

Estimates

Actual expenditure during 1938

Proposed New Loan-Expenditure on works to be met from

Excess of expenditure

E. Authorities for Expenditure 1937

48-50

48

49

50

51

ii

CONTENTS,-Contd.

F. Collection of Revenue

Efficacy of Systems

Audit of assessments

Registration of Foreign Cars

School Fees

Paragraph:

52-72 52-53

54

Ambulance Fees

Entertainment Tax

Arrears of Revenue

Royalties payable by Transport Companies

Exchange profits on Money Order transactions

Writing off Revenue-Authorities for

-General

-Court Fees

"Writes off" of Revenue

G. Expenditure

Control over expenditure

Special Warrants

Awards of Pensions and Gratuities.

55

56-57

58

59-60

61

62-63

64-67

68

69-70

71

72

73-84

73

74-75

76

Emergency Expenditure

77

Grants in aid to Hospitals

78-80

Military Contribution ...

81

Losses of public money due to fraud

82

Losses due to irrecoverable advances Trade Loan-"Write off"

83

84

H. Loan Accounts

Public Debt Sinking Fund

Outstanding Loan

Interest Payments

85-88

85

86

87

88

I.

Statement of Assets & Liabilities

89-111

Excess of Assets over Liabilities

Assets

89

90--102

A

Cash

90

Verification of Cash balances etc.

91

Advances Miscellaneous

92-95

-Pending Reimbursement from Loans

96

Suspense Account

97

Building Loans & Unallocated Stores

98-99

Trade Loan Outstanding

.100

Subsidiary Coin, Note Issue & Nickel Coinage Accounts Revaluation of Nickel Coinage Investments

101

.102

Liabilities

Deposits

Reconciliation of deposit accounts

Transfers of deposits to revenue 1938

Transfers of deposits to revenue 1939

Praya East Reclamation

Exchange Adjustment

King George V. Memorial Fund

Investments+ Education Department, Scholarship Accounts ...111

.103-107

...104, 107

..105

.106

.108

.109

110

iii

CONTENTS,—Contd.

Paragraph:

....112--135

J.

Stores Accounts

Losses and depreciation of stores

Losses of stores due to theft

Manner in which the accounts have been kept

Shing Mun Stores-disposal of

Petrol Sales

Government Motor Vehicles

Government Motor Vehicles-use of by officers in receipt of

Conveyance Allowances

Boards of Survey on Stores

Surveys of Plant & Office Furniture

...112

.113

.114-115

.116-117

118

.119

.120

..121

..122

Medical Stores

Central Stores (Unallocated)

.123 ....124-—134

Central Stores-Maximum balance of

.124

-Reconciliation Statement

.125

-Board of Survey on -General

.1.26

.127--134

Kowloon-Canton Railway (Unallocated)

.135

K. General

.136--150

Exchange Fund Accounts

.136--137

Currency Accounts

.138

Currency Rules

.139

China Companies Fees

140-142

Accounting procedure re drawbacks & refunds

.143

Wireless Services

144

Specimen Stamps

.145

Programme of Work

.146--147

Local Audit Inspections & Surprise Surveys

..148

Continuous Audits of Departments

.149

Audit Report 1937

.150

L.

Kowloon-Canton Railway

151--155

General observations

Tools & Plant records

M. Outstanding Questions

1937 Accounts-Estate Duty

151--154

.155

.156-157

156

1938 Accounts

.157

N. Staff

158-159

ppendix "A"

Appendix A (2).

REPORT TO THE DIRECTOR OF COLONIAL AUDIT ON THE AUDIT OF THE ACCOUNTS OF HONG KONG FOR THE YEAR 1938.

1. The accounts of the Colony of Hong Kong for the year ended 31st December, 1938, have been examined by the local Audit Department.

A. MANNER IN WHICH THE ACCOUNTS HAVE BEEN KEPT AND RENDERED.

2. Subject to the observations contained in this report the accounts were submitted for audit promptly and were satisfactorily kept and rendered. The accounts of the Colony were closed on 31st January, 1939, which early closing cannot but be regarded as highly satisfactory, and a reflection of efficiency in the Accountant- General's Department.

3. In considering this report it should be borne in mind that only a small percentage of the financial matters covered by audit required to be commented on. Any criticisms made must not therefore be construed as conveying a general reflection on the administration of public expenditure which, in the opinion of the Auditor, continues to maintain a high standard.

4. The annual statements prepared by the Accountant-General were promptly rendered. The draft Appropriation Account, (detailed Statement of Expenditure) was submitted for audit on 1st May, 1939.

5. Reconciliation Statements of Unallocated Stores accounts, analyses of deposit accounts etc., which are prepared by other Departments, were usually received later than the Treasury statements.

Simplification of accounts.

6. From time to time during the year suggestions were made by Audit with a view to simplifying the accounting procedure employed in various Government Departments, which in numbers of instances seemed unnecessarily laborious and cumbersome. It may be of interest to observe that according to paragraph 80 of the Audit Report for the year 1930 my predecessor held much the same view.

7. The proposals, which affected the revenue accounts of a number of Govern- ment Departments, and more particularly those of the Police Department, as well as Stores accounts (referred to in paragraph 114 of this report) were generally agreed to and adopted.

Misallocations and errors of classification discovered too late for adjustment.

S. Twenty one misallocations affecting sub-heads of revenue, and seven misallocations of expenditure were disclosed by Audit. Six of the former were discovered too late for adjustment and are shown in Appendix "A" to this report.

A (2) 2

Appendix "B"

Queries.

9. Two hundred and eighty one queries were raised on the 1938 accounts, of which 122 related to Expenditure and 159 to Revenue.

10. The total represents an increase of 129 over the total number of queries raised on the 1937 accounts. This however does not imply that the standard of accounting has deteriorated, but is attributable mainly to more intensive audit examination of subsidiary accounts and records.

11. Seventeen queries remain unsettled at the date of this report. Details of these are given in Appendix "B.”

• 12.

year.

There are no unsettled queries relating to the accounts of the previous

13. A sum of $820.01 was recovered in respect of undercollections of revenue and overpayments of expenditure, which were brought to notice by means of Audit queries, and in addition recoveries totalling $459.93 were effected as a result of Audit submissions.

14. Details of the more important recoveries effected are :—

15.

Query 6E Overpayment of salary

$274.57

Query 32E Double refund of Import duty

60.00

Query 57R Undercollection of Railway freight

100.00

Audit Submission Overpayment of salary

£20.0.0.

Audit Queries have been replied to promptly and in a satisfactory manner.

B. SUFFICIENCY OF EXISTING CHECKS AGAINST FRAUD.

16. Subject to the comments contained in this report, and as far as has been ascertained, the existing regulations and accounting instructions, if conscientiously applied, appear to afford adequate protection against fraud.

17. In accordance with Colonial Regulation 300 Boards of Survey, appointed by the Governor, examined the cash, bank balances and stamps in the hands of the Accountant-General and at the more important offices in the Colony. The reports of these Boards were satisfactory.

18. The internal check in the Accountant-General's office continued to be satis- factory, and vouchers included in the accounts bore signs of scrutiny and check.

19. With certain exceptions, which have been specially brought to notice by Audit, departmental supervision was found to be satisfactory and Heads of Depart- ments appear to realize their financial res ponsibilities.

A (2) 3

Securities Furnished by Public Officers.

20. The securities provided by Public officers in respect of the pecuniary responsibility attached to their offices in accordance with General Order No. 364, (Colonial Regulation No. 301) and Colonial Audit Department Instruction No. 65, were inspected.

21. A few points of detail in connection with these securities were taken up and are under consideration. As it was considered that the securities provided by certain Post Office Shroffs were insufficient to cover the full extent of their respon- sibilities, steps were taken to equalise the value of securities furnished with the full amount of the imprests issued to them.

22. The question as to the provision of security by all officers who are entrusted with Government Stores was raised by Audit, and the matter is now

consideration.

now under

Control of receipt books. Departmental Receipt book registers.

23. As considerable diversity in the manner in which departments maintained their records relating to receipt books had been observed, and as in a number of instances the registers kept were considered unsuitable, it was suggested that a standard form of receipt book register should be introduced and distributed to all holders of receipt books or licence discs. This has now been done, and full instructions concerning the methods of keeping the registers and the use and custody of receipt books etc. were printed in the Registers. These instructions received the approval of Government.

Accountant-General's Receipt book registers.

24. Certain small points of detail were also taken up in regard to the Registers kept by the Accountant-General and appropriate action was taken. From these registers it was observed that used and audited books were not always being returned promptly by Departments. On the matter being brought to notice, a "Treasury' circular was issued calling attention to these delays. Since the intro- duction of more suitable departmental registers, in which used books are signed off by Audit officers as examined, the importance from an audit standpoint of the return of used books to the Account-General, has diminished considerably.

Receipt Forms.

25. The number of special types of receipt forms in existence appears excessive, and the view was expressed by Audit that an endeavour should be made to effect a reduction by amalgamating certain of them, or where possible by utilizing general receipt forms in lieu. The difficulty in Hong Kong, as elsewhere, is that a large percentage of the forms in use are statutory ones and therefore cannot be dispensed with without legal formality.

26. The whole question of the reduction of the number of receipt forms, as well as of printed forms, in use by Government departments, both for financial and administrative purposes, is being thoroughly enquired into by a Committee appointed by Government and gratifying progress has been made.

A (2) 4

P

Private cash in Government safes.

27.

Audit surveys frequently revealed the presence of private money in Government safes, contrary to Colonial Regulation No. 296. On representation to Government a general Circular was issued warning officers against this practice, and pointing out that it may result in any private cash found in such circumstances being taken on charge as Government property.

Magistrates' Accounts.

28. The existing system of accounting in the Magistrates' offices was considered by Audit to be unsatisfactory, and various suggestions were made to improve it. In order to facilitate check, steps were also taken to establish a system of connecting references between receipts issued and case files. After a certain amount of correspondence the suggestions were agreed to, and were put into force early in the current year.

Passport Office.

29. The records maintained in connection with revenue derived from the issue of Passports and Visas did not provide sufficient safeguard against fraud. As a result of representations special registers have now been brought into use, in which particulars of all transactions are recorded. With a view to facilitating check a system of cross reference between receipts issued, application forms, and registers has also been introduced.

Prison Accounts.

30. Certain improvements to provide for more effective control by means of records to be maintained in respect of jobs done for private individuals, and also on behalf of Government Departments, were suggested by the Audit Department. These have been adopted.

Frauds.

31. The following cases of fraud, other than those reported under the heading "Losses of Public Money" (paragraph 82) came to notice during the

year:

(a) A Shroff failed to issue a receipt for a sum of money received by him, and misappropriated the latter. He was dismissed for this and also for another irregularity. No loss fell upon Government.

(b) An Audit surprise inspection of a Government institution disclosed a cash shortage of $184.00. The deficiency was made good, and disciplinary action was taken against the person responsible.

The

(c) Another shroff failed to issue a receipt for, and bring to account, a sum

of $405.00 received by him which was payable to Government. money was later refunded and he was dismissed the service.

A (2) 5

C. ANNUAL ABSTRACT ACCOUNT.

Receipts.

32. The total revenue for the year 1938 including Land Sales was $36,735,854 Compared with an estimated amount of ...

Thereby exceeding the Estimates by

$30,254,920

$ 6,480,934

33. The main variations, as compared with the Estimates, occur under the following Heads :---

More than Less than

Head.

Estimated.

Estimated.

Duties

$2,285,121

Port and Harbour Duties

$122,460

Licences & Internal Revenue

1,094,120

Fees of Court

172,067

Post Office

480,978

Kowloon-Canton Railway

737,387

Rent of Government Property

264,165

Miscellaneous Receipts

716,292

844,510

Land Sales (Premia on new Leases)

34. The actual revenue for the year 1938 exceeded that of the previous year by $3,539,486.

Payments.

35.

The expenditure for the year 1938, including military Contri- bution was

while the Estimates provided for

Thereby exceeding the Estimates by

$37,175,898 33,379,549

$ 3,796,349

36. Savings, as compared with the Estimates, occurred under 22 Heads, while the estimated provision was exceeded under 17 Heads, the more important of the latter being :-

Head.

Medical Department Kowloon-Canton Railway

Defence-

(c) Military Contribution

Miscellaneous Services

Charitable Services

Pensions

P. W. D. Recurrent

P. W. D. Extraordinary

More than Estimated.

$ 229,513 331,268

1,191,145

1,288,227

245,555

206,392

210,968

622,052

Ă (2) 6

Note: "Miscellaneous Services" includes the balances of the under- mentioned accounts which have been transferred to Expenditure:-

Building Loans

Unallocated Stores K. C. R.

Unallocated Stores--Central Stores

$ 312,641.93

147,952.06

743,020.01

Total....

$1,203,614.00

In this connection reference should also be made to paragraphs 38, 98 and 99.

37. Reasons for the variations between the actual and estimated figures of both revenue and expenditure are given in the Detailed Statements prepared by the Accountant-General. (Enclosures 7 and 8 of this Report refer).

38. The actual expenditure for 1938 exceeded that of the previous year by $5,064,675, but as noted above $1,203,614 of this increase was caused by the transfer of the balances of the Building Loan and Unallocated Stores accounts to Expenditure.

39.

D. AUTHORITIES FOR EXPENDITURE 1938.

Details of the various authorities obtained to cover the expenditure for the year 1938 are given below:

Estimates ($33,379,549).

(a) The expenditure of a sum of $26,338,340 representing the probable requirements of the Colony for the year 1938, but excluding an estimated contribution of $5,689,578 to the Imperial Government in aid of Military expenditure, and the estimated charges on account of Public Debt ($1,351,631), was authorized by the Legislature on 20th October, 1937, (Hansard 1937 pps. 136-148).

(b) General Warrant signed by Governor-3rd January, 1938.

(c) Estimates approved by Secretary of State vide his telegram No. 281 of 24th December, 1937, confirmed by Despatch No. 7 of 12th January, 1938.

Appropriation Ordinance No. 23 of 1937.

40. Legalized the expenditure of $26,338,340 on the Public Services of the Colony for the year 1938. This, as usual, excluded estimated expenditure on account of Military Contribution and charges on account of the Public Debt. Details of the authorities obtained are as follows:-

(a) Passed by Legislative Council--20th October, 1937.

(b) Notice of Non-disallowance published in Government Notice No. 945

in Official Gazette dated 31st December, 1937.

Schedules of additional provision.

A (2) 7

41. (a) First Quarter ($365,653). Financial Messages 1 & 2.

Items 1-29. Approved by the Secretary of State vide despatch No. 282 of 6th September, 1938.

(b) Second Quarter. ($833,673). Financial Messages 3 to 5. Items 30-92. Approved by the Secretary of State vide despatch No. 394 of 11th November, 1938.

(c) Third Quarter. ($1,392,058). Financial Messages 6-8. Items 93-168. Approved by the Secretary of State vide despatch No. 19 of 13th January, 1939.

(d) Fourth Quarter. ($1,577,997). Financial Messages 9-11. Items 169-306. Approved by the Secretary of State vide despatch No. 136 of 27th April, 1939.

(e) Supplementary.

($1,261,126). Financial Message No. 1 of 1939 Items 307-330. The Secretary of State's approval has not yet been received.

(ƒ) All items included in the Financial Messages referred to above were covered by Special Warrants and received the sanction of the Legislature.

Supplementary Appropriation Ordinance No. 15 of 1939.

42. (a) ($3,426,243.48) covering net excesses on Heads of Expenditure,

was passed by the Legislature on the 25th May, 1939.

(b) Notice of non-disallowance has not yet been received from the

Secretary of State.

Loan Expenditure-3 Dollar Loan 1934. (Ordinance No. 11 of 1934).

43. The total net expenditure incurred during 1938 which is chargeable to this loan is $662,572.16.

(1) Estimates ($815,577.21).

(a) Approved by the Legislature on 29th September, 1937. (Hansard

1937 p.105).

(b) Sanctioned by the Secretary of State vide Telegram No. 280 of 24th

December, 1937.

44. (2) The following revisions of the Estimated Expenditure for 1938 were subsequently approved. (a) First Revision ($915,577.21)-Resolution of Legislature of 7th July, 1938. (Hansard 1938 p.58). Sanctioned by Secretary of State vide despatch No. 279 of 2nd September, 1938.

(b) Second Revision ($735,746.77)-Resolution of Legislature of 10th November, 1938. (Hansard 1938 p.176). Sanctioned by Secretary of State vide Telegram No. 2 of 6th January, 1939.

A (2) 8

45. (3) Since the date of the previous Audit Report Transfers in the Schedule, in accordance with Section 3 (2) of the Ordinance, were made on the following occasions.

(a) First Revision-Approved by Legislature 10th November, 1938 (Hansard 1938 pps. 175-176). Sanctioned by Secretary of State vide Telegram No. 2 of 6th January, 1939.

(b) Second Revision-Approved by Legislature 22nd December, 1938 (Hansard 1938 p.195). Not yet sanctioned by Secretary of State. Reported vide Hong Kong despatch No. 343 of 16th May, 1939.

46. From Enclosure No. 12A to this Report it will be observed that the total expenditure on the Shing Mun Valley Water Scheme as at the 31st December, 1938, exceeded by $915.95 the total sum authorised to be expended on that head, according to the last revision of the Schedule. This excess was of a temporary nature only and was due to the fact that certain adjustments in respect of transfers of plant to other Government departments were not passed through the accounts until January of the following year.

Loan Expenditure 1937-Transfers in Schedule to Ordinance.

47. With reference to paragraph 26(3) of the 1937 Audit Report the sanction of the Secretary of State has now been obtained for the revision referred to, vide despatch No. 279 of 2nd September, 1938.

Expenditure on additional works to be charged to a proposed new loan.

48. Resolutions approving the expenditure, during the year 1938, of sums of money, to be obtained by means of advances from the Colony's surplus funds pending the raising of a new loan, were passed by the Legislature on the following occasions :-

(a) $1,781,000-29th September, 1937 (Hansard 1937 pps. 105-106). Sanctioned by Secretary of State vide Telegram No. 280 of 24th December, 1937.

(b) Revised to $1,221,000—10th November, 1938 (Hansard 1938 pps. 176-177). Sanctioned by Secretary of State vide Telegram No. 2 of 6th January, 1939.

49. The actual expenditure incurred on these works during the year 1938 was $1,020,549.76.

50. The detailed statement of expenditure for the year 1938 chargeable to the proposed New Loan, which appears as Enclosure No. 13B, records excesses of expenditure as compared with the amounts voted for the year under the following sub-heads :-

A (2) 9

Head 2 Waterworks.

Item.

Expenditure authorized

for 1938.

Actual Expenditure.

Excess.

$

$

$

(d) Rapid Gravity Filters

1,000

9,442.72

8,442.72

(f) Supply Main to Kowloon

Chai Service Reservoir

Nil

1,854.95

1,854.95

(h) Distribution Mainland

25,000

40,366.34

15,366.34

It is understood that the sanction of the Legislature will be sought to cover this expenditure at an early date.

i

E. AUTHORITIES FOR EXPENDITURE 1937.

51. The following authorities, for expenditure other than Loan which were outstanding at the date of the Audit Annual Report on the 1937 accounts, have since been obtained.

(a) Quarterly Return of Additional Provision.

4th Quarter (Supplementary) Financial Messages 1-2. Items 177-205. This was approved by the Secretary of State vide his despatch No. 834 of 20th July, 1938.

(b) Supplementary Appropriation Ordinance (No. 7 of 1938).

Notice of non-disallowance was published vide Government Notice No. 754 in Official Gazette dated 27th September, 1938.

F. COLLECTION OF REVENUE.

52. Subject to the observations contained in this report the systems employed for the collection of revenue continued to prove satisfactory, and moneys becoming due to Government were promptly and efficiently collected.

53. The bulk of the revenue of the Colony is received at the Accountant- General's department where, judging by results, the system of collection is efficient, as the following particulars will illustrate.

The total number of assessments in respect of rates for the 4th Quarter of the year 1938 was 31,702. On the 3rd of January, 1939, 67 only of the above accounts remained unpaid viz.

Hong Kong Kowloon

43 items representing 24 items

$1,908.93

799.27

67

$2,708.20

On 27th January, 1939, only 1 item of $15.30 was outstanding, and this was paid on the 7th March.

Audit of Assessments.

- A (2) 10

54. In accordance with revised Colonial Audit Department Instructions, Audit of the accounts of revenue derived from taxation has now been extended to include an examination of assessments.

Police Department-Registration of Foreign Cars.

55. Owing to the non-retention by the Police Department of Invoices relating to the importation of foreign cars there were no means whereby Audit officers could verify the values stated in the Police records on which the fees payable were calculated. This was considered unsatisfactory, and Audit requested that in future Importers should be required to lodge a copy of the Suppliers' Invoices with the Police Department, which would enable these documents to be utilised as a basis of check. This is now being done.

Education Department-School Fees.

56. The absence of certified particulars in the School fees registers, giving the reasons for the non-collection of fees, was brought to notice.

The necessary information is now being inserted in all cases where, for one reason or another, revenue ceases to become payable.

57. It was observed that Scholastic fees were not always being collected in advance. As a result of Audit representations it was arranged that this should be done in future, and that any arrears should be shown in the Monthly Statement of Outstanding Fees.

Police Department-Ambulance Fees.

58. At the request of Audit certain changes were made to improve control, to facilitate the collection of these fees at Police Headquarters, and also to enable a more satisfactory check on this revenue to be maintained by the Audit Department.

Entertainment Tax-(Ordinance No. 28 of 1930).

59. Revenue obtained from this source is in the case of Theatres collected in arrears, and is based on returns rendered to the Accountant-General by the proprietors. These returns are checked by the former as regards arithmetical accuracy, and are further subject to certain verifications by a Police officer attached to the Accountant-General's Department with the records etc. maintained at the various places of entertainment.

60. In other cases printed tickets registered by Government are utilized. Payment of tax in respect of these is made in advance, subject to adjustment being made later on account of unused tickets.

Royalties payable by Transport Companies.

61. With reference to paragraph 34 of the Audit Report on the 1937 accounts, it has been reported that the necessary books are being produced for inspection, and that clean certificates are now being obtained from the Auditors.

Appendix "C"

A (2) 11

Post Office-Exchange profits on Money Order transactions.

""

62. Profits arising from exchange on Money Order transactions have hitherto been credited to Head 5 Post Office, sub-head "Postage.' It was however pointed out by Audit that this allocation was inappropriate, but as no suitable sub-head existed, a new sub-head should be opened as prescribed by Colonial Regulation 216.

63. The Financial Secretary held the opinion that this form of revenue was more analogous to the sub-head "Commission on Money and Postal Orders" than to the sub-head "Postage," and agreed to alter the title of the former in the 1940 Estimates, to read "Money and Postal Orders commission etc." Any revenue accruing from this source would therefore in future be allocated to it. The revenue sub-head "Postage" in the 1938 accounts includes the sum of $16,918.63, which represents the profits on exchange on the 1937 transactions on Money Order Account.

الله

Arrears of Revenue.

64. According to the returns rendered by Departments the total arrears of revenue, as at 31st December, 1938 amounted to $242,871.58. Of these arrears $200,138.93 was collected by the 31st March, 1939, leaving a balance of $42,732.65, of which $304.77 was written off as irrecoverable, and $39,002.33 cancelled.

65. Of the latter sum $36,000 was in respect of a Demand Note for premium on Land Sales. The sale by public auction was held in October, 1938, but by reason of the purchaser defaulting it was not completed. The conditions of sale were not immediately enforced, but in January 1939 the sale was cancelled and the deposit estreated.

66. The previous year's figures of arrears of revenue were:-

Outstanding at 31/12/37

Collected by 31/3/38

Outstanding at 31/3/38

$302,635.71 291,550.22

$ 11,085.49

67. A detailed statement, showing the arrears of each class of revenue as at 31st December, 1938, and on the 31st March, 1939 respectively, appears as Appendix C. to this report.

"Writing off" Revenue, Authorities for. Hospital Fees.

68. With reference to paragraph 39 of the 1937 Audit Annual Report the Secretary of State has approved of the Director of Medical Services being authorised to remit hospital fees, subject to a limit of $200 in each case, provided that remission is made by him on compassionate grounds only. In all other cases the authority of the Financial Secretary will be necessary.

>

General.

A (2) 12

69. Government has also agreed to a suggestion made by the Secretary of State, that the power of remission formerly possessed by the Colonial Treasurer (i.e. of items not exceeding $50 in each case) should now be vested in the Financial Secretary, and not in the Accountant-General. General Order No. 296(2) will no doubt shortly be amended to accord with this ruling.

70. In the case of refunds of a routine nature made under the authority of Ordinances, approved Regulations or instructions, or refunds of sums erroneously assessed or collected, it has been proposed by Government that the authority of the Accountant-General should be regarded as sufficient.

Writing off Court Fines.

71. In regard to the remission of Court fines imposed by Magistrates, the Secretary of State considered it inadvisable to empower a Magistrate or other officer of the Court to reduce or remit fines except within the process contem- plated by law or as a judicial act.

"Writes off" of Revenue.

72. According to information supplied to the Audit Department the following revenue considered irrecoverable was written off under authority during the year under review.

Nature of Revenue.

Crown Rents

Amount.

$ 524.65

Authority.

Court Fines

293.10

Colonial Secretary. Financial Secretary.

Ambulance Fees

23.00

Accountant-General.

Hospital Fees

192.50

Accountant-General.

Financial Secretary.

Ilospital Fees (Consultants Fees)

115.00

Financial Secretary.

Scholastic Fees

3.00

Accountant-General.

Conservancy Fees

186.00

Financial Secretary.

Water Rates

29.79

Accountant-General

$1,367.04

G. EXPENDITURE.

Control over Expenditure.

73. The control over Expenditure continues to be satisfactory. According to the information contained in the vouchers every charge against an expenditure head has, as far as it has been possible to ascertain, been applied to the purpose or purposes for which the head was intended to provide, and (subject to the errors of classification detailed in Appendix "A" to this report) has also been charged to the most appropriate sub-head of expenditure.

Expenditure appears to have been adequately vouched for.

A (2) 13

Special Warrants.

74. The number of Special Warrants issued in respect of the year 1938 was 385, as compared with 213 for the previous year. The large increase of 172 may to a great extent be attributed to abnormal conditions which prevailed in South China during the latter part of the year, which, among other things, were respon- sible for the creation of a Refugee problem. It does not therefore appear to be due to deterioration of financial control or to faulty estimating.

+

75. Fifty seven of the 1938 Special Warrants issued concerned additions to the rates of personal emoluments and the number of posts authorised in the Estimates, which affected "Personal Emolument" Sub-heads only, and did not necessitate the obtaining of additional funds.

Awards of Pensions and Gratuities etc.

76. The calculations of awards of Civil and Police Pensions, Gratuities, and Allowances, made under the laws of the Colony, and also Pensions payable under the Widows' and Orphans' Pensions Ordinance (No. 15 of 1908) were verified by Audit.

Emergency Expenditure.

77. The Japanese invasion of South China resulted in the sudden influx into the Colony of large numbers of refugees, which required immediate action by Government to provide food and accommodation for them. Owing to the urgency of the situation it became necessary in the first instance to purchase stores and to incur other expenditure, without following the procedure laid down in General Orders Nos. 406 to 408 and certain other regulations. After the expiry of the periods of urgency however the normal procedure was reverted to.

Grants-in-aid to Tung Wah and other allied non-Government Hospitals.

:

;

78. Grants-in-aid, from funds of the Colonial Government, were made from time to time to cover deficits incurred by the Tung Wah and other associated Hospitals in respect of repatriation expenses and other relief afforded to Chinese Refugees. The amount paid over by Government for this purpose during the year amounted to $149,960. It has previously been ruled that the Audit Department was not to be responsible for a detailed audit of the actual payments made by these hospitals from money received from Government sources. Acquittances received for grants made by Government to these Institutions have therefore been accepted as sufficient discharge.

79. Owing to the requests for greater financial relief made to Government on behalf of these Hospitals, the question of the efficiency of the financial control over them was raised by Government, and certain steps to improve it were agreed to.

80. On the financial side one of the most important stipulations made was that the Committee should prepare and adhere to a proper annual budget, and should submit annual accounts audited by an Auditor approved by Government.

A (2) 14

}

Military Contribution.

81. The sum of $6,880,723.81 was charged to the Expenditure Head Defence (e) "Military Contribution" during the year 1938. The amount required to be paid to the Imperial Government as Military Contribution under Ordinances No. 1 of 1901 and 43 of 1935, in respect of the year 1938, was $6,277,717.03. A statement showing how this amount is arrived at is attached (Enclosure 16). The sum charged to the 1938 accounts included arrears of the 1937 contribution amounting to $654,932.85, leaving a balance in favour of the Military Authorities of $51,926.07, which latter amount has since been paid and charged to 1939 expenditure.

Losses of Public Money attributable to fraud.

year:

82. The following losses of Public money due to fraud occurred during the

(1) Cash amounting to $369 disappeared from a sealed bag whilst in transit between a Police launch and the Harbour Office Hong Kong. The authority of the Secretary of State was obtained to write off the loss. As a result of this case a Government circular was issued calling attention to the necessity for obtaining receipts on every occasion when Public money is handed over by one official to another.

(2) An imprest of cash and stamps issued to a Post Office Shroff was found deficient to the extent of $369.39. The employee concerned was dismissed from Government service after having been convicted in a Court of Law. The loss was partly covered by the forfeiture of his security of $200.00. The sanction of the Secretary of State was obtained to write off the full extent of the loss.

(3) A shortage of $449.53 was discovered in an Imprest of another Postal Shroff, and in consequence the security of $200 furnished by him was forfeited. After conviction by a Court he was dismissed the Service. The Secretary of State approved of the "write off" of the sum involved.

,

(4) A detailed audit investigation made of the accounts and records kept in connection with the issue of Passports and Visas, covering a period of approximately eight months, revealed serious irregularities and shewed that, according to documents filed etc., fees collected amounting to $1,449.78 had not been brought to account. Further, a large number of visa forms were missing, and there are grounds for believing that further sums may have been received in connection with the missing forms but not brought to account. As the detailed audit examination covered part of the year only the deficiency reported above does not necessarily indicate the full extent of the loss to Government. The officer presumably responsible for these irregu- larities left the Colony on short leave and failed to return; in conse- quence thereof he was regarded as having forfeited his appointment.

The Secretary of State has been requested to approve of the writing off of these losses.

(5) A further loss of $104.17 due to the overpayment of salary to the officer referred to above has been included in 1938 expenditure. The covering sanction of the Secretary of State has been sought to charge this amount to Public funds.

A (2) 15

Losses due to irrecoverable advances.

83. The undermentioned cases of outstanding advances, which formerly appeared as an Asset in the accounts, and which were considered irrecoverable, were charged to 1938 expenditure.

(a) $112.94 representing the amount of passage money paid, for the purpose of repatriating an individual to Singapore, was charged to Head 29, Charitable Services-Sub-head 15-"Passages and Relief of Destitutes."

(b) £40.10.0. being balance of passage money owing by an official who resigned from Government service. This "write off" was also sanctioned by the Secretary of State.

(c) $20 being the amount of an Imprest issued to a Revenue officer which was not accounted for. Charged to Head 9, Imports & Exports Office, Sub-head 16-"Transport."

:

Trade Loan-"Write off."

84. The irrecoverable balance of a Trade Loan viz $36,649.93 plus accrued interest to December 1930-after which date no interest was charged-was written off with the sanction of the Governor under the general authority conveyed to him in Secretary of State despatch of 26th February, 1930. The above sum was charged to Trade Loan Reserve account. (Paragraph 100 of this report also refers).

H. LOAN ACCOUNTS,

Public Debt.

85. The Public Debt of the Colony, as at 31st December, 1938, amounted to $16,598,000.

Sinking Fund.

86. The 4% Conversion Bonds, issued under Ordinance No. 15 of 1933, amounted to $4,838,000, while the market value of the investments of the accumu- lated Sinking Fund at the end of the year totalled £64,216,13s.2d.

The sinking fund accounts maintained locally have been checked with Statements rendered by the Crown Agents.

87. The amount outstanding on account of the Hong Kong 34% Dollar Loan, raised under Ordinance No. 11 of 1934, was reduced during the year from $12,320,000 to $11,760,000; Bonds to the value of $560,000 having been redeemed in accordance with Section 5 of the Ordinance.

88. The cancelled bonds and interest coupons which had been redeemed were checked by the Audit Department, while the interest paid to Bond-holders was supported by the surrendered coupons which were submitted for audit.

A (2) 16

1. STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES.

89. The excess of Assets over Liabilities at the 31st Decem-

ber, 1938 was

While that at the end of the previous year was

$13,562,234.97 14,002,278.11

Showing a reduction of

ASSETS.

Cash-Accountant-General $422,048.64.

90. The above sum was composed of the following items:-

Bank balances

Cash balances :-

Accountant-General's Office

Kowloon-Canton Railway

Official Receiver

Medical Department

$

440,043.14

$380,404.48

$ 39,140.22

$ 2,013.85

$9 113.84

$ 376.25

Verification of Cash Balances etc.

91

(a) Bank Certificates have been produced in support of the balances of the various Bank Accounts and, with the exception of the last three items shown above, the existence of the cash balances on 31st Decem- ber, 1938, was verified by Boards of Survey whose certificates were seen. As regards the exceptions mentioned, cash certificates, signed by the Heads of Departments concerned, were submitted for inspection.

(b) The existence of the Cash Balances, Sinking Fund and other Invest- ments held by the Crown Agents, has been verified with the certified. statement rendered by the Comptroller and Auditor-General.

(e) Fixed Deposits-The receipts obtained from Banks for sums appearing

under this head have been seen by Audit.

Advances Miscellaneous ($53,443.81).

The

92. The balance at the end of the previous year was $220,148.51. reduction is due mainly to the refund by the Imperial Government of the sums advanced to the Shanghai Refugee Committee, to which reference was made in paragraph 62 of the 1937 Audit Report.

93. It has been verified that, with the exceptions noted below, no advances. have been outstanding for an unduly long period. They are mainly of a routine nature and need not be specially commented on. A detailed statement of advances is attached as Enclosure 9.

$

→

A (2) 17

94. The statement includes an item of $4,085.10, on account of "Bar fees and expenses" advanced to a Government official 8 years ago. This has now been charged to 1939 expenditure under "Miscellaneous Services" Head 18, Sub-head 30-Other Miscellaneous Services.

95. The statement also shows an outstanding amount of $1,986.96 being the unrefunded portion of an advance made to another Government official for the same purpose.

In this case the officer concerned has been transferred to another Dependency, but arrangements have been made for the whole of the outstanding sum to be repaid by instalments.

Advances.

(a) Pending Re-imbursement from 34% Dollar Loan ($10,926,056.46).

(b) Pending Re-imbursement from proposed New Loan ($1,077,333.06).

96. The advances are covered by the authority of the Legislature and the sanction of the Secretary of State. For further details see paragraphs 43 to 50 and Enclosures 12 and 13.

Suspense Account ($26,438.25).

97. Included in the above is a debit balance of $28.43 under the heading "Insurance Claims on Crown Agents" (vide Enclosure 11). It was formerly the custom to debit Head 33, P.W.D., Item 7-Miscellaneous. Sub-head 6 "Stores Depreciation" in respect of claims for Unallocated Stores purchased through the Crown Agents, which were short delivered, broken in transit etc., and to credit the vote when recovery had been effected. As audit considered the utilisation of an expenditure sub-head for this purpose was incorrect, all such claims are now being reflected in a Suspense Account. The remaining items in Suspense are of a routine nature and call for no comment.

Building Loans

.nil ($312,641.93)

Unallocated Stores-P. W. D.

.nil ($743,020.01)

Unallocated Stores-K. C. R.

nil ($147,952.06)

98. In accordance with the new accounting procedure laid down by the Secretary of State, vide Circular Despatch of 25th November, 1937, the above items formerly shown as assets, no longer appear in the Colony's Balance Sheet, the balance having been charged to Expenditure, under the Head "Miscellaneous Services.'

99. From Enclosure 5 to this Report it will be seen that the total amount of Building Loans outstanding as at 31st December, 1938, was $300,779.88. The difference between this amount and that referred to above viz. $11,862.05 represents the amount of Sinking Fund held on deposit on account of the Diocesan Boy's School.

Trade Loan Outstanding-Nil.

A (2) 18

100. The balance of the outstanding Trade Loans viz. $218,711.42 was debited to the Trade Loan Reserve (or working) account, which account was mainly made up of Interest received on loans. This account was cleared by transferring the balance of $92,265.36 to Revenue Head 9 "Miscellaneous Receipts. Any further recoveries of loans will in future be credited direct to revenue. The usual statement of outstanding loans and interest is attached as Enclosure 15.

Subsidiary Coin

Note Issue Account

Nickel Coinage Account

($ 90,625.00) ($5,480,119.62) ($1,493,069.06)

101. The existence of the above assets has been verified by Audit. Of the balance of the Nickel Coinage Account the sum of $1,286,208.61 was invested, the securities being held by the Crown Agents for the Colonies.

102. The investments were revalued in accordance with Colonial Regulation 275, resulting in a loss of £2,491. 7s. 10d. ($40,197.24) which was met from the Nickel Coinage Security Fund.

LIABILITIES.

Deposits.

Contractors' and Officers Deposits Insurance Companies

$ 519,585.00

1,678,641.62

Miscellaneous

1,486,256.87

$3,684,483.49

PANGAN,

103. A statement (Enclosure 10), prepared by the Accountant-General, which supplies details of the items of which the above totals are composed, is submitted.

Deposits-Reconciliation of departmental and Accountant-General's balances.

104. The following deposit items, included in the statement referred to above, have been subjected to analysis in order to effect complete reconciliation between departmental records and the balances shown in the Accountant-General's books, and also for the purpose of verifying that all deposits remaining unclaimed more than five years were written off to revenue in compliance with Colonial Regulation No. 330.

Medical Department-Patients' Deposits

Official Receiver :-

Bankruptcy Account

Companies Liquidation Account

Registrar, Supreme Court :-

Official Administrator

Official Trustee Suitors' Fund

$

1,418,38

690.78

4,343.88

18,543.17

24,770.86

28,778.64

A (2) 19

$

Official Receiver :-

Bankruptcy A/c. (bearing interest)

56,347.50

Companies Liquidation A/c. (bearing interest)

70,183.94

Bankruptcy

34,516.29

Registrar of Companies:-

Insurance Companies

1,678,641.62

Suitors' Fund :----

District Officer, North

286.50

District Officer, South

457.71

Scholarship Education Department

14,600.92

Deposits bearing interest :-

Contractors

327,255.00

Government Servants

Miscellaneous

Approach Road to Tsun Wan Cemetery

Box Holders Deposits-Post Office

Clerks, Shroffs & Postman's Securities

192,330.00

119,030.43

14.93

2,491.40

Customs duties on parcels

Deceased Estates

Drainage extensions & Connections

88.00

1,633.60

2,537.17

35.69

Drainage and Street & Lane Surfacing

3,465.02

Estate of deceased Policemen

8,733.19

Fire Brigade-Motor Drivers' Securities.

534.00

Footpath and drain connections

7,963.98

General Works Miscellaneous

5,723.85

Land Sales Deposits

2,400.00

Miscellaneous Deposits

166,821.85

Police Dental Treatment

62.00

Police Officers' Securities

4,625.50

Security A/c.-Non-Railway Staff

11,693.04

-Railway Staff

123.50

Stanley Water Supply

4,718.96

Tender Deposits

2,655.00

Water Deposits :-

Hong Kong

106,486.39

Kowloon & New Territory.

91,168.42

Duty deposited on Gasoline

192,286.85

Transfer of Deposits to Revenue 1938.

105. (a) The sum of $19,443.38,

which had hitherto formed part of the balances of various Deposit accounts operated by the Public Works Department, was transferred to Colonial Revenue Head 9 "Mis- cellaneous Receipts.

(b) A deposit of $20 outstanding since 1930, which was part of the balance of a deposit account entitled "Security Account non-railway Staff," was transferred to 1938 revenue in compliance with Colonial Regulation No. 330.

(c) Various unclaimed balances, formerly held on deposit, were transferred to revenue, in accordance with Sections 4 and 8 of the Unclaimed Balances Ordinance. (Ordinance No. 5 of 1929).

**

A (2) 20

Transfer of Deposits to Revenue-1939.

106. The following transfers to 1939 revenue were made from the balances of certain items included in the above list which ought properly to have been credited to 1938 revenue.

Footpath and Drain Connections.

General Works Miscellaneous

Drainage extensions and connections

Approach Road to Tsun Wan Cemetery

Police Dental Treatment

Estates of Deceased Policemen.

Fire Brigade Motor Drivers' Securities

Box Holders Deposits

$ 68.30

386.64

35.69

14.93

40.00

357.23

110.00

49.80

Total......$1,062.59

107. The annual reconciliation of Departmental records with the balances of deposit accounts as shown in the books of the Accountant-General, revealed the necessity for these transfers; but it has previously been pointed out by Audit (vide paragraph 75 of the Audit Report on the 1937 accounts) that Departments should be required to scrutinize all deposits in order that any balance considered as being no longer a liability to the Colony should be transferred to revenue within the year.

Praya East Reclamation ($74,089.30).

108. This liability represents the cost of work still to be completed.

Exchange Adjustment ($26,092.39).

109. This has been verified by Audit. It represents the difference between the cost price of sterling sums placed in the Joint Colonial Fund and of an Imprest of £150 held in Australia, and the December Exchange Rate.

King George V Memorial Fund ($158,368.56).

110. This represents the total of moneys collected on account of a Fund inaugurated in memory of His late Majesty King George V, which will in due course be disbursed in a manner to be decided by the Committee appointed to administer the Fund.

Investments Education Department Scholarship Accounts.

111. The existence of the Investments held on Scholarship account, which at the end of the year comprised the following:-

£550 31% War Loan 1952 Stock.

$34,000 4% H.K. Public Works Loan Stock.

$34,000 3% H.K. Dollar Loan Stock.

was not reflected in the Colony's Balance Sheet. This matter was taken up by audit with the Accountant-General and he has agreed to record them in his accounts in future.

- A (2) 21.

J. STORES ACCOUNTS.

Losses and depreciation of Stores.

112. (a) The Secretary of State approved of the "writing off" of 36,248 lbs. of chloride of lime of a book value of $1,449.95 which formed part of unallocated stocks, and which had deteriorated owing to climatic conditions. The loss was charged to Head 27, sub-head D, Air Raid Precautions.

(b) Unallocated Stores belonging to the Central Stores Department, were written down in value to the extent of $2,153.45 which sum was debited to Expenditure Head 33, Sub-head 7, Item 6 "Stores Deprecia- tion."

The authority of Government was not obtained for this "write off" and is the subject of an outstanding Audit Query. Fur- ther comments regarding this "write off" appear in paragraph 130 to 134.

(c) In June/July 1938 whilst in transit on the Chinese section of the Kowloon-Canton Railway, one engine and three wagons were damaged by bombing. As a result it became necessary to write off charge, under the authority of Government, one wagon of a book value of $3,424.59, and to incur expenditure amounting to $3,674.02 on repairs to the locomotive and the two other wagons.

(d) One engine and 5 wagons were also damaged by bombing whilst in transit over the Chinese section in 1937. The estimated cost of the repairs was stated to be $6,400 of which $1,017.06 was incurred in 1938, and it is expected to complete the remainder of the work in 1939 at a cost of $5,286.00.

(e) Equipment belonging to the Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps, valued at $88.89, which had not been returned to store by persons leaving the Colony, was written off charge under the authority of the Financial Secretary.

(f) One set of Police Equipment issued to a Police Constable, who was serving as a member of an Anti-Piracy Guard, and who was believed to have been washed overboard from the ship in which he was serving, was written off under Government authority.

(g) Wireless and Electrical stores of a value of $44.94, and forming part of the unallocated stocks of the Central Government Store, were broken in transit and written off with the approval of the Financial Secretary.

Losses of Stores due to theft.

113. (a) Unallocated Stores costing $490.80 were stolen by an ex-Government

employee who was convicted of the theft. The loss was written off · on the authority of the Financial Secretary and charged to Expen- diture Head 33, Sub-head 7, Item 6 "Stores Depreciation."

(b) One Bicycle issued to the Electrical Department was stolen, and written off charge by order of the Financial Secretary. In view of the prevalence of this type of theft instructions have been issued requiring all main bicycle parts to be branded with the Government

mark.

3

A (2) 22

(c) An Electric ceiling fan, valued at $65 was stolen from Government premises, presumably by a person representing himself to be a work- man. As several cases had occurred in the past in which electrical fittings installed in Government property had been stolen in a similar manner, Government found it necessary to issue a circular requiring officers to take certain precautions to prevent further losses of this

nature.

(d) Two water meters costing $119.37 were stolen from Public latrines.

They were written off under the authority of the Financial Secretary.

(e) Five hundred and forty yards of wire fencing situated near a Railway station, of a replacement cost of $45.00, was stolen. Government approved of the "write off" of this amount.

Manner in which the accounts have been kept.

114. It may be said that generally the stores accounts of the Colony have been accurately kept, but in many instances it was discovered that the systems employed were unnecessarily cumbersome, and gave rise to much waste of labour and stationery. For instance it was customary for some departments to maintain a number of bulky and expensive ledgers which were closed at the end of the year, and to transfer the balances of each account to a new set of books, despite the fact that the old ledgers were by no means exhausted. In addition ledger entries, termed locally "In and Out" entries, were often made in respect of receipts and issues of small quantites of consumable stores which were required for immediate use. The most trivial issues of stationery were in one department meticulously recorded and accounted for, whereas sufficient control could usually, in the opinion of audit, have been exercised by keeping the stocks under lock and key. appears that in some instances General Order No. 428 (3), Colonial Regulation 343, and Allocated Stores Regulations No. 171 and 173, had been too literally inter- preted. The requirements of Government in this connection have been more clearly defined by the recent issue of an amendment to the General Order referred to.

It

115. Little uniformity was also observed both as regards the stores records maintained by the various Government Departments, and the manner in which stores were accounted for. A number of proposals were therefore submitted by Audit to eliminate unnecessary stores accounting, and to standardise the systems employed. In addition a standard form of Allocated Stores ledger was recommended. these suggestions were well received and have been acted upon.

All

Shing Mun Stores-disposal of.

116. With reference to paragraphs 51 to 55 of the previous Audit Report a considerable quantity of the Shing Mun plant has now been disposed of by transfer to Government Departments, for which financial adjustments were made. The residue of the smaller and less valueable items of the stock was sold in bulk to the highest bidder after Tenders had been called for.

117. The remainder, composed mainly of large and valuable items, were taken over by the Public Works Department, and it is understood that an endeavour will be made to dispose of them whenever opportunity occurs.

Petrol Sales.

A (2) 23

118. The subsidiary records maintained by the Public Works, Police and Fire Brigade Department etc. in connection with the sale of motor fuel to Govern- ment officers were subjected to examination by the Audit Department. Suggestions were made with a view to centralising these issues and thereby reducing the amount of accounting work involved and also for the purpose of facilitating check.

Government Motor Vehicles.

119. The matter of the use of and control exercised in respect of Government Motor Vehicles maintained by the Public Works and certain other Government In the case of the Departments was made the subject of audit investigation.

Police and Fire Brigade Departments it was ascertained that the records kept were of a complete and satisfactory nature and that proper departmental control and supervision was being exercised. With regard to Motor Cars maintained by the Public Works Department and the Railway Department the position was however not satisfactory, since the forms used for requisitioning cars and for recording essential details were often incomplete, and further Log Books were not being maintained in respect of each vehicle. The matter is under correspondence.

Use of Government vehicles by officers in receipt of Conveyance Allowances.

120. The use of Government vehicles within the City area by certain officers in receipt of Conveyance or Motor Allowances was recently taken up by Audit in a minute addressed to Government. Queries were also raised where considered necessary.

Boards of Survey on Stores (C.R. 344).

121. In accordance with Colonial Regulation No. 344 the usual annual Boards of Survey, appointed by Government, were held after the close of the year to inspect and report on Government Stores. The surveys were usually reported by the Board as being satisfactory. An Audit enquiry however revealed that the stocks of certain of the smaller Departments and sections of the Medical Department had apparently never been subject to an annual survey. This was brought to the notice of Government and it is assumed action will be taken at the appropriate time.

Survey of Tools and Plant and office Furniture.

122. In compliance with Allocated Stores Regulations Nos. 145 and 161, departmental surveys were made, by most Government departments, of the office Failure by furniture, Equipment and Tools and Plant held on Inventory Charge. certain Heads of Departments to take this action was brought to the notice of Government. Reports indicating that the surveys have since been made have now been submitted to the Auditor.

Medical Stores.

123. With reference to paragraph 82 of the previous Audit Report, the stores regulations referred to received the approval of Government, and were brought into force. As far as has been ascertained they are proving satisfactory in practice, although the posting of ledgers fell into arrears due, it was alleged, to shortage of staff. This disability has now been remedied.

A (2) 24

Central Stores-(Unallocated) Maximum balance of stocks.

124. The balance of this account as at the end of 1938 was $743,020.01 which was $43,020.01 in excess of the limit approved by the Secretary of State in his despatch of 25th January, 1938. This was reported to the Colonial office accompanied by a request for the limit to be raised to $750,000 which received the approval of the Secretary of State in his despatch of 27th April 1939.

Reconciliation Statement.

125. A Statement showing how reconciliation has been affected between the balance of this account in the books of the Accountant-General, and that shown in the Central Stores Department records, is submitted as Enclosure 14.

This statement, and also the Stock Sheets have been examined by Audit.

Board of Survey on.

126. In accordance with Unallocated Stores Regulation No. 95 (c) the stock on hand as at the end of the year was checked in test by the Annual Board of Survey, approximately 175 items only being verified. The Board reported that the balances of the items checked were compared with subsidiary records (cards) only, and that a comparison with ledger balances was not possible as the posting from cards to ledgers had not then been completed.

The findings of the Board cannot therefore be regarded as conclusive.

General.

127. In June 1938 the Unallocated Stores, which had formerly been under the control of the Public Works Department, were transferred to a new Department entitled "Stores Department," under the direction of a Controller of Stores.

128. The question as to the desirability of continuing the existing practice whereby departments submitted requisitions on the Stores Department for all their stores requirements, whether the items were stocked or not, in lieu of purchasing the latter direct from Government Contractors or other local firms, has been taken up by Audit.

129. The general use of "Stock Cards," as a form of subsidiary record, in which are posted details of issues, has also been criticized. While it is appre- ciated that it may be advantageous to employ subsidiary records for the purpose of recording issues of items in common use, and periodically to post the main ledgers from these records, it is considered uneconomical to extend the practice to all items. The system from an audit standpoint has certainly grave disadvantages.

130. With regard to the "write off" of $2,153.45 referred to in the Central Stores (Unallocated) Statement (Enclosure 14) as "Losses and Depreciation of Stores" and of which mention also is made in paragraph 112 (b) of this Report, when surplus stores are returned and taken on Unallocated Store charge, and the vote to which such stores were originally debited has lapsed, it has been the practice to credit the value assigned to the stores to the sub-head of Expenditure, "P.W.R. 7 (6) Stores Depreciation" (vide Store Regulations Nos. 102 & 103).

A (2) 25

131. These and other credits have been utilized during the year for the purpose of writing down the value of stores, and in reply to Query No. 115/E (copy enclosed) the "write off" referred to above is stated to be due to the necessity to reduce the book value of certain stocks of steel which had deteriorated owing to climatic conditions. This "write off," together with similar transactions during the year, have not apparently received Government sanction.

י

132. It is observed that the total credits to the expenditure sub-head "Stores Depreciation" amounted to $5,634.19 which exactly equalled the total debits, while the detailed statement of expenditure records no expenditure on the sub-head, although $100 was the amount of the estimate. The reason for the "saving" is stated as "not required."

133. The re-submission of the Audit Query referred to above presses the question of this irregular accounting procedure which in the opinion of audit defeats Legislative Control and stultifies the Estimates. The query also requested information as to whether the whole of the credits for stores returned were in respect of lapsed votes, and further pointed out that depreciation of stores necessitating the writing down of book values must receive Government approval.

134. From the information at present available it would appear that the expenditure sub-head "Stores Depreciation" has been operated on throughout the year more in the nature of a suspense account. This supposition is somewhat confirmed in the reply to Audit Query No. 159/R (copy enclosed) and a reply to the submissions referred to in paragraph 133 is awaited to enable Audit to submit further representations to Government.

Kowloon-Canton Railway (Unallocated Stores).

135. The maximum standard stock fixed for the Railway Stores viz. $175,000 has not been exceeded. At the 31st December, 1938, the value of the stock amounted to $147,952.06. A statement showing

A statement showing how reconciliation has been effected between the balance recorded in the Accountant-General's books and the departmental records, is forwarded (Enclosure 20). This Statement, also the Stock Sheets, have been examined by Audit.

K. GENERAL.

Exchange Fund accounts.

136. The above accounts for the year 1938 have been examined by the Auditor with satisfactory results. The Balance Sheet showing the position as at the end of the year has it is understood been submitted to the Secretary of State.

137. The existence of the assets of the Exchange Fund has been verified with the certificate furnished by the Comptroller and Auditor-General.

A (2) 26

Currency Accounts.

138. The accounts and records maintained in connection with the issue of Currency Notes (authorised under Ordinance No. 42 of 1935) and the Nickel and Subsidiary Coinage accounts, have been examined by the Audit Department. Surprise audit surveys have been also made of the stocks of notes and coin, the results being satisfactory. An Ordinance (No. 25 of 1938) amending the original Ordinance, was passed by the Legislature on 24th November, 1938, Notice of non- disallowance was published vide Government Notification No. 35 in Hong Kong Government Gazette of 13th January, 1939.

Currency Rules.

139. With reference to paragraph 89 of the 1937 Audit Report, the Secretary of State has now finally approved of the new Currency Rules referred to.

China Companies Fees.

140. A Local audit inspection of the accounts kept by the Registrar of Companies at Shanghai, covering the period April 1938 to February 1939, has recently been carried out. The net revenue (viz $166,571) accruing from this source during the year, exclusive of the revenue derived from Stamp Fees, showed a slight increase over that of the previous year which was $165,703.

141. As a result of this inspection the question as to whether the form of relief described in Section 352 (5) of the Companies Ordinance (No. 39 of 1932) and also refund of Capital Tax referred to in Colonial Office letter of 31st Decem- ber, 1923, may be granted to the same Company was raised by Audit. The matter is under correspondence.

142. It was suggested by Audit that the Registrar of Companies at Shanghai should be requested to furnish yearly an arrears of revenue return (vide Colonial Regulation 239) and also that Government approval should be sought before writing off any irrecoverable fees. The Registrar of Companies Shanghai has been informed accordingly.

Accounting procedure re Customs and Excise drawbacks refunds of revenue, and

recoveries of overpayments.

143. In view of the exceptional conditions, peculiar to this Colony, in that drawbacks on re-export and certain refunds of duties are somewhat abnormal in relation to the actual revenue, and in view of the fact that difficulty would arise in effecting comparisons between the true revenue and expenditure figures of successive years, if the procedure laid down in the Secretary of State's Circular Despatch No. 78 of 15th January, 1937, was followed, the Secretary of State, agreed to Hong Kong being exempt from the provisions of the despatch in regard to certain clases of refunds of revenue.

Wireless Services.

A (2) 27

144. As from the 1st January, 1938, certain of the Colony's Wireless Services were handed over to the Cable and Wireless Ltd. As a result of this transfer the services of some personnel were dispensed with and they were awarded gratuities or pensions calculated on the basis of "abolition of office." addition à quantity of Government Wireless plant and equipment was also taken over by the Company on repayment.

In

Specimen Stamps.

145. Following the receipt of a Circular despatch from the Secretary of State, Specimen' stamps received from Berne which remained in the custody of the Postmaster General on 10th March, 1939 were destroyed by fire by a Board of Survey appointed for that purpose. Enquiries by Audit have failed to elicit any information as to how the early issues of stamps apparently received from Berne were disposed of. As the supply of Specimen stamps was considered to serve no useful purpose, steps have been taken with a view to its being discontinued.

Programme of Work.

146. With the exception of the audit of the final Division Sheets of the Kowloon-Canton Railway for November and December 1937 and those for the whole of the year 1938, also certain Parcel and Air Mail accounts with other Postal Administrations for 1938 which have not reached finality, the approved Programme of Work has been completed. In consequence of the Sino-Japanese hostilities in South China doubt exists as to the eventual rendition of the Railway Final Division Sheets.

147. There has been no material departure from the approved Programme, but examination has in some instances been extended to embrace subsidiary records which have formerly not been subjected to audit.

Local Audit Inspections and Surprise Surveys.

148. Surprise audit inspections and surveys continue to prove their value. One hundred and sixty five surprise surveys of cash etc. were carried out during the year by the Audit Department, usually with satisfactory results. In addition to the results of local inspections mentioned elsewhere in this Report the following may be noted:-

(a) A surprise survey of one Government office revealed a cash surplus of $585.87 over the balance shown in the Cash Book, and other unsatisfactory features were observed, which did not however indicate dishonesty on the part of the officials concerned. From explanations subsequently tendered it appeared that the cash found in the safe was composed of private, Imprest and Revenue Cash, and in addition included sums of money which had been charged out in the accounts as final expenditure some months previously, but which had not actually been handed over to the persons entitled thereto. Appropriate action was taken to prevent a repetition of this state of affairs.

(b) A surprise Audit survey of postal stocks revealed the existence in a Government safe of a quantity of jewellery, watch chains etc. which had apparently lain there for many years.

As exhaustive enquiries could not reveal their origin or ownership, they were sold by Public auction and the proceeds were credited to

revenue.

A (2) 28

149. A continuous audit has been maintained on the accounts of the Railway, Imports and Exports Department, and the Stores Department, in addition of course to those of the Accountant-General.

Audit Report 1937.

150. The Audit Report on the accounts of the year 1937 was placed before the Legislature on the 10th November, 1938, together with a copy of the Governor's covering despatch to the Secretary of State.

L. KOWLOON-CANTON RAILWAY.

151. A copy of the General Manager's report for 1938 on the working of the British Section of the Kowloon-Canton Railway, which was received by the Auditor on the 15th May, 1939, is forwarded (Enclosure 21).

The accounts have been regularly rendered and satisfactorily kept.

In

152. Surprise Audit surveys of the Cash Balances etc. were made during the year at Railway Headquarters, and all stations, and call for no comment. addition stocks of stores were subjected to test verifications with satisfactory results.

153. The net profit on the Operating account of the Railway for the year was $932,418.48 which is $495,483.18 in excess of that of the previous year.

154. Prior to the invasion of South China the volume of traffic on the Railway increased enormously, which in its turn involved a considerable addition to the work of Audit, and had these conditions persisted it would have become necessary to apply for an increase of Audit staff to meet the situation. The lull caused by the cessation of through traffic since October last has however enabled the Audit Examiners to recover lost ground.

Tools and Plant Records.

155. It has come to the notice of Audit that the Inventories of Tools and Plant maintained by the Railway Department were inadequate and listed only certain of the more important items of machinery and equipment. The question of the introduction of a Tools and Plant ledger, the preparation of more complete Inven- tories, and the establishment of a system of 'shadow boards' in the various sections of the Railway workshops, for the better control over small tools in use, has recently been taken up in correspondence and discussed with the Manager of the Railways.

M. OUTSTANDING QUESTIONS.

1937 Accounts-Estate Duty.

156. With reference to paragraph 98 of the 1937 Audit Report the two properties referred to have been disposed of by Public Auction, and the net sum realized viz. $21,481 was credited to 1938 Revenue Head 3 (b) Estate Duty. The assessed duty on the Estate was $20,384 plus accrued interest.

1938 Accounts.

A (2) 29

157. Other than those which are specially brought to notice in this Report there are no outstanding questions, whether raised by query or otherwise, which affect or are likely to affect the accuracy of the Annual Abstract Account, or of the Statement of Assets and Liabilities; or which are of importance but which do not affect, or are not likely to affect, the accuracy of the accounts.

N. STAFF.

158. Mr. A. Pollard was appointed Auditor of Hong Kong on 25th March, 1938. He arrived in the Colony and assumed his duties on 27th April, 1938.

Mr. T. Dallin, Assistant Auditor, proceeded retirement on 30th April, 1938.

vacation leave pending

Mr. B. E. Maughan proceeded on vacation leave on 1st April, 1938, and was absent from the Colony for the remainder of the year.

159. In concluding this report it is necessary to express my appreciation of the services rendered during the year by the Audit Staff. It is due to their efforts that additional work has been accomplished, and that the Audit of the Colony's accounts has, despite casualties, not only been prevented from falling into arrears, but has actually been brought more up-to-date.

A. POLLARD,

Auditor.

31st May, 1939.

Appendix A.

LIST OF ERRORS OF CLASSIFICATION REVEALED TOO LATE FOR ADJUSTMENT IN 1938.

Actual Allocation.

Query

No.

1938.

Amount.

Revenue or Expenditure.

Head

Title.

No.

Correct Allocation.

Revenue or Head Expenditure.

Title.

No.

$ ¢

113 R

3.00

Revenue

4 A

1.70

7

Earth & Stone Permits N.T. Pineapple Land Leases.

Revenue

7

Lands not leased.

7

"J

>>

وو

""

10.00

3 C

Forfeitures.

3 С

Fines.

""

1.00

4 A

""

""

15.00

7

Earth & Stone Permits N.T.

Leased Lands N.T.

7

4 A

Lands not leased.

Miscellaneous.

""

''

""

25.00

3 A

Money Changers.

3 A

35

Liquor.

""

All the above have been admitted by the Accountant-General.

A (2) 30

A. POLLARD,

Auditor.

31st May, 1939.

A (2) 31

Appendix B.

STATEMENT OF OUTSTANDING QUERIES.

Query No.

Date first issued.

Subject.

Department concerned.

158 R

17. 5. 39.

Annual Statement.

Kowloon-Canton Railway.

97 E

17. 4. 39.

Motor Car Dockets.

Public Works Department.

98 E

17. 4. 39.

"}

""

99 E

""

""

100 E

2

33

101 E

وو

99

12

102 E

""

""

103 E

>"

""

104 E

"}

""

105 E

>>

22

113 E

24. 4. 39.

114 E

115 E

2. 5. 39.

119 E

120 E

12. 5. 39.

15. 5. 39.

121 E

......

Stores Accounts.

Stores Accounts Survey.

Incorrect accounting Stores Depreciation.

Store Accounts.

Petrol Account.

Medical Department.

Controller of Stores.

Medical Department.

""

33

39

122 E

>>

A. POLLARD,

Auditor.

31st May, 1939.

Appendix C.

COLONY OF HONG KONG.

DETAILED STATEMENT OF OUTSTANDING REVENUE FOR THE YEAR, 1938.

Heads and Sub-heads.

Amount

Written

Arrears on

Collected up

31. 12. 38. to 31, 3. 39.

Off as

Irre-

coverable

Amount

Cancelled

Balance

Out-

standing

Remarks.

eo

1. DUTIES.

Import Duty on Liquor

508.85

508.85

Import Motor Spirit

398.70

397.50

2. PORT & HARBOUR DUES.

Light Dues

Buoy Dues

12,401.52 12,401.52 1,104.00

1,104.00

=

3. LICENCES & INTERNAL REVENUE NOT OTHERWISE SPECIFIED.

es

$

1.20

Debtor on long leave.

A (2) 32

(A) LICENCES.

Air Service Pilot

Chinese Passenger Ship

Forestry, N. T.

10.00

10.00

30.00

30.00

140.00

135.00

5.00

Paid 26/4/39.

Game

50.00

50.00

Hawker

104.00

70.00

34.00

Liquor

20.00

20.00

Miscellaneous

Vehicles other

2.00

184.00

2.00

184.00

Carried forward...

14,953.07

14,912.87

34.00

6.20

Heads and Sub-heads.

Arrears on

Appendix C,-Contd.

31. 12. 38. | to 31. 3. 39.

Amount

Collected up

Written

Off as

Irre-

coverable

Amount

Cancelled

Balance

Out-

standing

Remarks.

$

$

$

SA

$

Brought forward...... 14,953.07

14,912.87

34.00

6.20

(B) INTERNAL REVENUE,

Assessed Taxes (Rates)

3,194.67

3,178.67

16.00

Paid April, 1939.

Water Excess Supply & Meter Rents

4,453.67

4,453.17

.50

(C) FINES & FORFEITURES.

Fines

Building Covenant Fines

653.90

115.13

36.00

6.00

115.13

611.90

In all cases debtors have absconded- Warrants issued.

4.

FEES OF COURT OR OFFICE PAYMENT

FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES, AND

REIMBURSEMENTS IN AID :-

(A) FEES.

Air Service Fees

Analysis

77.60

77.60

312.50

312.50

376.00

320.00

56.00

Carried forward........

24,136.54

23,405.94

40.00

56.50

634.10

Boundary Stones & Survey Fees

A (2) 33

Appendix C,-Contd.

Amount

Written

Balance

Heads and Sub-heads.

Arrears on

31. 12. 38.

Collected up

Off as

to 31. 3. 39.

Amount

Cancelled

Irre-

coverable

Out-

standing

Remarks.

A (2) 34

Brought forward..

$

24,136.54

$

$

23,405.94

40.00

56.50

634.10

(A) FEES-Contd.

Cemetery

61.00

61.00

Engagement and Discharge of Seamen

1,127.35

1,127.35

Gunpowder Storage

392.25

392.25

Medical Examination of Emigrants

1,030.60

1,030.60

Motor Ambulance

572.50

547.50

25.00

Official Certificates

312.00

312.00

Official Signatures

20.00

15.00

5.00

Cancelled after 31.3.39.

Public School

75.00

75.00

Registry

11.00

11.00

Sunday Cargo-working Permits

662.50

662.50

Survey of Steam-launches

135.00

135.00

Survey of Steam Ships

2,405.00

2,405.00

Watchmen's Ordinance

196.00

196.00

(B) RECEIPTS.

Bacteriological Examination

308.00

308.00

Fumigating and Disinfecting Fees

231.35

231.35

Carried forward.....

31,676.09

30,915.49

65.00

56.50

639.10

Appendix C,-Contd.

Amount

Arrears on

Heads and Sub-heads.

31. 12. 38.

Collected up to 31. 3. 39.

Written

Balance

Off as

Amount

Cancelled

Irre-

coverable

Out-

standing

Remarks.

$

$

$

$$

Brought forward..

31,676.09

30,915.49

65.00

· 56.50

639.10

(B) RECEIPTS-Contd.

Medical Treatment

7,679.76

6,754.51

154.50

410.75

360.00

Police Service

3.00

3.00

$72 referred to Crown Solr.

$156 written off. $132 paid after

31.3.39.

(C) REIMBURSEMENT IN AID.

Bonded Ware House Supervision

322.69

322.69

Consultants Fees

1,060.00

834.90

25.10

200.00

Paid after 31.3.39.

.(D) SALES.

Prison Industries

43.70

43.70

Publication

1.00

1.00

Timber

12.89

12.89

6. KOWLOON-CANTON RAILWAY.

Traffic Receipts, Various Sub-heads

75,524.99

75,359.96

165.03

Carried forward..

116,324.12

114,248.14

219.50

492.35

1,364.13

A (2) 35

Owing to the Sino- Japanese Hostilities it is impossible to communicate debtor company.

with

Appendix C,-Contd.

Amount

Arrears on

Heads and Sub-heads.

31. 12. 38.

Collected up to 31. 3. 39.

Written

Balance

Off as

Amount

Cancelled

Irre-

coverable

Out-

standing

Remarks.

$

$

$

$

ᎾᎯ

$

Brought forward........

116,324.12

114,248.14

219.50

492.35

1,364.13

A (2) 36

7. RENT OF GOVERNMENT PROPERTY LAND AND HOUSES:-

Building

397.16

288.96

108.20

Lands Not Leased (Permits for Encroachments &c.)

Owing to the Sino- Japanese Hostilities it is impossible to

communicate debtor company.

with

4,459.91

3,445.34

56.65

954.92

3.00

Referred to Hon. D.P.W.

Leased Lands (Crown Rent Exclusive of N. T.)

57,851.23

55,879.71

793.14

1,178.38

Leased Lands (Crown Rent N. T.)

19,756.81

18,983.97

1.00

771.84

Piers

2,165.00

2,165.00

Pineapple Land Leases

Stone Quarries

8. INTEREST :

37.76

20.14

17.62

226.65

79.73

146.92

Referred to Crown Solr.

$23.95 Recommended for Re-entry. C.S.O. 1/85/38.

$531.39 collected in April, 1939; $216.50 to be written off when re-entry on the lots has been effected.

་་་་

608.78

608.78

Carried forward...

201,827.42

195,719.77

294.77

2,387.33

3,425.55

Appendix C.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY FOR CHINESE AFFAIRS

FOR THE YEAR 1938.

REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE.

(TABLES I TO III).

The Government revenue derived from all sources during the year was $17,043.10 and the Government expenditure was $141,520.94.

2. As is evidenced by the numerous tables attached to this report, much of the work of the Secretariat for Chinese Affairs is concerned with the administration of funds that may be called semi-official. The revenue in these cases is in very large part a matter of voluntary subscription by the Chinese community and outside the Government estimates, with expenditure at the discretion of the Department and of the various committees concerned.

PROTECTION OF WOMEN AND GIRLS.

(Ordinance 2 of 1865).

(Ordinance 6 of 1893).

(Ordinance 1 of 1923).

(Ordinance 5 of 1938).

3. The number of girls reported missing to the Po Leung Kuk during the year was nil.

4. Twenty-seven girls were put under bond this year and eight were released from their bonds; the total number of girls under bond at the end of December was fifty-three.

5. On the recommendation of the Muitsai Commission. a European lady assistant was appointed to the Secretary for Chinese Affairs and she commenced her duties in March 1938. Three additional Chinese lady inspectors were also appointed.

An Ordinance, No. 5 of 1938, to amend the law relating to the Protection of Women and Children Ordinance, No. 4 of 1897, came into force on May 12th, 1938, and June, 24th, 1938, was appointed as the date within three months of which persons having in their custody or control any girl, the legal guardianship of whom is vested in the Secretary for Chinese Affairs, shall register the girl in the manner prescribed by regulations.

With the appointment of a lady assistant, one of the Chinese lady inspectors is employed on interpretation and clerical work and another in connection with the work of registration.

Two Chinese lady typists were appointed temporarily in connection with the work of typing and the filing of statements relating to the history of all girls and their custodians applying for registration.

The number of girls registered since June 24th, 1938, was 2,558.

6. The lady inspectors paid a total of 2,100 visits to registered muitsai and 400 visits to adopted daughters and wards. In addition, they have visited other girls under bond and to ex-muitsai who have obtained employment as domestic. servants. They have also been engaged on the work connected with the registration of adopted daughters and wards, and the compilation of new registers; attendance at police courts, and in the company of the male muitsai inspector following up reports as to the existence of unregistered muitsai. All continue to give every

satisfaction.

C 2

During the period under review, the Police paid a total of sixty-six visits to an equal number of registered muitsai living in the New Territories.

7. At the beginning of the year the number of registered muitsai was 1,396, but by the end of December they had been reduced to 1,102. cancellations are accounted for as follows:—

Died

Absconded

Left Colony permanently

Married

Restored to parents or relatives.....

Earning their own living

Removed from the register

Remaining with the employer as a member of the family Taken into the care of the Secretary for Chinese Affairs

24

3

35,

23

110

31

84

2

The 294

Of the fifty girls reported on December 31st, 1937, as attending school, forty- four are amongst those muitsai whose names were removed from the Muitsai Register and transferred to the Register of Adopted Daughters under the Women and Girls Ordinance, No. 5 of

The total number of muitsai on record as school pupils is therefore six.

1938.

Of the eighty-four girls remaining with their employers as members of the family, sixty-three have been transferred to the Register of Adopted Daughters under the Women and Girls Ordinance, No. 5 of 1938. In the remaining cases the girls have been allowed, on grounds of age, to remain, at their own request, with their employers as members of the family.

.

8. 165 persons were prosecuted under the Female Domestic Service Ordinance (1 of 1923) and the Offences Against the Person Ordinance (2 of 1865) in respect of 175 girls. In all 200 charges under this and other enactments were preferred as follows:-

(1) Ill-treatment of unregistered muitsail

(2) Ill-treatment of child under 16 years

(3) Common assault

(4) Keeping an unregistered muitsai

(5) Bringing an unregistered muitsai into the Colony

(6) Failing to report the intended removal from the Colony of a

registered muitsai

(7) Failing to report change of address of a registered muitsai

(8) Failing to report the intended marriage of a registered muitsai.....

7

3

6

105

67

2

6

4

200

Twelve cases were discharged, in twenty-nine cases defendants were cautioned, in fifty-two cases defendants were bound over, and seven cases were withdrawn.

Where the employers of unregistered muitsai had been prosecuted the girls concerned were disposed of as follows:-

Eighty-five girls entered domestic service, thirty-six girls were transferred to the Register of Adopted Daughters and Wards under the Women and Girls Ordin- ance, No. 5 of 1938, eighteen girls were restored to parents and relatives, fourteen girls were sent to the Po Leung Kuk, ten girls were allowed to remain with their employers, seven girls were married, three girls obtained employment, one girl left the Colony and one girl absconded.

CO3-

The 175 girls were discovered from reports made as follows:—

131 by the girls' employers who had entered the Colony as refugees and wished to register them, nineteen by the girls to the Police, five by Police, five by Lady Inspectors, five by the staff of the Secretariat for Chinese Affairs, four by the girls' parents, two by the girls themselves to the Secretariat for Chinese Affairs, one by the employer to the Police, one by Harbour Department, one by Sanitary Department, and one by the Anti-Muitsar Societylenihil mi vibration ne

9. In addition to the above mentioned reports, seven reports were received from the Anti-Muitsai Society, two reports from the Hong Kong Society for the Protection of Children, and a further fifty-eight reports received were anonymous. BTOOR TO ZUITARTANOWI

10. Twenty-three girls were sent to the Salvation Army Home, one girl to the Heep Yun School, and five girls to Rural Home and Orphanage at Taipo.

11. The system whereby payment of wages belonging to these girls should be paid monthly by the employers concerned to the Secretariat for Chinese Affairs, has been adopted on the recommendation of the Muitsai Commission. This money has been placed in a savings account with the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation.

12. New legislation was introduced in connection with muitsai on the recom- mendation of the Muitsai Commission during the year by the amendment to Ordinance No. 1 of 1923 relating to the removal of registered muitsai from the register on reaching the age of eighteen, the employment of females under twelve years of age as domestic servants, and the removal of the six months' time limit in respect of an offence against Section 4A of the ordinance.

13. For a detailed account of the Po Leung Kuk work see Annexe A

EMIGRATION.

(ORDINANCE 30 OF 1915.)

(Tables IV and V)

14. The number of assisted emigrants was 1,466 as compared with 7,564 in 1937.

15. The number of women and children emigrants was 12,753 as compared with 83,539 in 1937.

CHINESE BOARDING HOUSE.

(ORDINANCE 23 OF 1917).

(Table VI).

16. At the end of the year there were 141 boarding houses of all classes as against 157 at the end of 1937. During the year no new licences were taken out and sixteen licences were cancelled.

17. No convictions were obtained under the ordinance as compared with one in 1937.

C 4

PERMITS.

(ORDINANCE 40 of 1932).

(ORDINANCE 22 OF 1919).

18. 3,772 permits to fire crackers were issued, of which 2,927 were for weddings and the remainder for birthdays, shop-openings, etc. Fifty-seven permits were issued for theatrical performances.

19. Other permits issued were twenty-four for religious ceremonies and seven for processions.

REGISTRATION OF BOOKS.

(ORDINANCE 2 OF 1888).

20. Eighty-one books were registered during the year as compared with fifty- two in 1937.

REGISTRATION OF NEWSPAPERS.

(ORDINANCES 25 OF 1927 AND 1 OF 1930).

21. The number of registered Chinese newspapers on December 31st was fifty- four of which fifteen were registered during the year.

DISTRICT WATCH FORCE.

(ORDINANCE 23 OF 1930).

(Tables VII & VIII).

22. The District Watch Committee met on eleven occasions at the Secretariat for Chinese Affairs. In addition two meetings at which His Excellency the Governor presided were held at Government House. The following gentlemen served on the Committee throughout the year :-

Mr. Li Yau-tsun, C.B.E.

Hon. Sir Shouson Chow, Kt.

Mr. Wong Iu-tung.

Hon. Sir Robert H. Kotewall, Kt., c.M.G., LL.D.

Mr. Li Po-kwai.

Dr. S. W. Tso, C.B.E., LL.D.

Hon. Mr. T. N. Chau, C.B.E.

Hon. Mr. Lo Man-kam.

Mr. Wong Ping-sun.

Mr. Tang Shiu-kin, M.B.E.

Mr. Sum Pak-ming.

Mr. Tam Woon-tong.

Hon. Dr. Li Shu-fan.

23. Mr. W. N. Thomas Tam retired on the expiration of his year of office as ex-Chairman of the Po Leung Kuk Committee and was succeeded by Mr. Au Shiu-cho. Mr. Chau Shiu-ng, Chairman of the Tung Wah Hospital, also served on the Committee.

i

C 5---

24. The Force was maintained at its full authorised strength, namely:-5 Head District Watchmen, 6 Assistant Head District Watchmen, 26 detectives and 103 uniformed men.

25. During the year one member of the Force died and five were dismissed. Recruits were obtained for the six vacancies.

26. Inspector E. J. Ellis remained in charge until 29th October when he proceeded on leave prior to retirement. He was succeeded by Inspector E. G.

Post.

27. The Force has, as in previous years, specialised in matters affecting the Chinese community, and the work during the year has been satisfactory.

A total of 1,214 successful prosecutions was brought by the District Watch Force, which shows a decrease in the number of cases in comparison with the year 1937, but this is largely due to a considerable number of uniformed District Watchmen being engaged on special duties such as the following:-

Accompanying vaccinators on a door-to-door campaign during the small-pox

epidemic.

Protection of refugee camps.

Work in connection with civil inquiries, the volume of which showed increase.

28. Comparative figures of all cases for the last three years are attached (Table VIII).

29. Discipline was good. There were five dismissals as compared with six and three in 1937 and 1936 respectively and twenty-nine departmental reports as compared with fifty-two and forty-seven in the same years. One first class, two second class, and four third class medals for long service were awarded, and two men received special commendation.

TUNG WAH HOSPITAL AND MAN MO TEMPLE.

(Tables IX to XIV).

(ORDINANCES 31 of 1930 & 10 of 1908).

30. The following gentlemen served on the Committee for 1938 :-

31.

Mr. Chau Shiung,

Mr. Lo Min-nung,

Mr. Yeung Wing-hong,

Mr. Wong Chi-po,

Mr. Lo Hin-shing,

Mr. Wan Wan-ching,

Mr. Lam Pui-sang,

Mr. Tong Yick-tong,

Mr. Hui Lap-sam,

Mr. Hong Kang-po,

Mr. Fok Tit-yu,

Mr. Fung Wai-hin.

A detailed report on the medical work of the hospital, by the Visiting Medical Officer, will be found in Annexe B.

C 6

BREWIN CHARITY FUND).

(Tables XV and XVI).

32. The formation of this Fund was suggested by Mr. A. W. Brewin, Registrar-General 1901-1912, for the assistance of widows and orphans, and of disabled workmen. A considerable sum was collected for the purpose in 1910 and in October 1911 a formal trust deed was signed laying down the conditions for the administration of the Fund. The Tung Wah Hospital was made trustee of the Fund.

33. The full objects of the Fund as set out in the Deed are to provide for the benefit of any Chinese widows and orphans resident in the Colony who may become destitute and of Chinese workmen employed in the Colony who may become incapacitated for work by reason of old age or sickness or who may have been permanently disabled by any accident.

CHINESE PUBLIC DISPENSARIES.

(See Annexe B and Tables XVII to XIX).

WANCHAI MATERNITY HOSPITAL.

(See Annexe B).

CHINESE PERMANENT CEMETERY,

(Table XX).

CHINESE RECREATION GROUND.

(Table XXI).

34. The Chinese Recreation Ground in Hollywood Road is controlled by a Committee consisting of the Secretary for Chinese Affairs as Chairman and the Chinese Members of the Executive and Legislative Councils.

35. The ground consists of a large concrete-surfaced open space which contains several pavilions and is bordered by sixty substantially-built stalls or rather small shops which are let by tender to refreshment caterers, barbers, book-sellers, letter-writers, etc., and the income, when expenses have been deducted, is devoted to Chinese charities.

YAUMATI PUBLIC SQUARE.

(Table XXII).

36. The Yaumati Public Square is also administered by the Chinese Recreation Ground Committee on the same lines as the Chinese Recreation Ground. The chief difference is that there is no open space, the whole of the square being occupied by stalls, fifty-nine in all.

PASSAGE MONEY FUND.

(Table XXIII).

TRANSLATION.

37. The total number of translations made in the Department during 1938 was · 1,386 as compared with 969 in 1937. 824 of these were from Chinese into English and 562 from English into Chinese. In addition a large number of translations made in other Government departments were sent to this office for

revision.

C 7

LABOUR.

GENERAL.

38. Considerable industrial development was a feature of the year, due to the demand for war material and the migration to Hong Kong of industries from the areas affected by Sino-Japanese hostilities. A number of these industries were new to Hong Kong, whilst others, such as weaving, spinning and the manufacture of cotton goods were of a type which had begun to develop in Hong Kong in normal times. The transplanted industries, however, were in most cases accompanied by the workers employed in them, and owing to this and to the continued influx of other refugees, there was little, if any, alleviation of local unemployment.)

39. At the end of the year the approximate number of those engaged in registered factories and workshops was 55,000, this number, of course, being only a fraction of the total of employed workers in the Colony.

40. Generally, factories worked full time but some were handicapped by want of raw materials imported from China, and others failed through competition.

41. Working conditions in factories continue to improve and a considerable number of factory buildings of modern design were erected and are being erected.

There were no large building projects but employment was found for many casual labourers on military works and roads, and a fairly large number of workers of both sexes were engaged in quarrying.

42.

43. There was also some increase in the activities of the wolfram, iron ore and lead mining concerns in the New Territories.

DISPUTES AND STRIKES.

44. The only serious labour trouble during the year occurred in the Chung Hwa Book Company's works, culminating in a lock-out with pay followed by a "sit-down" and hunger strike in December. The trouble originated in a fine imposed on one of the employees by the Company. It was amicably settled before the end of the year.

45. Mr. H. R. Butters was appointed to the new post of Labour Officer on November 14th. This officer deals with major labour disputes and matters affecting labour unions.

46. There were a number of individual disputes brought to the Secretariat for arbitration but none were serious.

COST OF LIVING OF POORER CLASSES.

47. (There

There was a slight and fairly steady fall in the prices of commodities included in the cost of living index, but, except in the case of oil, prices remained at higher levels than those which obtained in the period immediately prior to the outbreak of Sino-Japanese hostilities in July 1937. In the early part of the year the prices of fish, meat and vegetables were between 10% and 30% above the corresponding figures for the previous year, whilst at the end of the year these prices were 10% or less below the corresponding figures for the previous year. The only violent fluctuation occurred in the case of vegetables, the prices of which rose in October to 80% above the prices for the previous month. This, however, was entirely due to the temporary dislocation of supplies caused by the Japanese invasion of South China, and by the end of the year the prices of vegetables had fallen to the lowest level for the year, which was about 8% lower than that obtaining at the end of 1937.) The price or rice fell steadily throughout the year, for the first seven months being not more than 9% above the corresponding figures for 1937, and for the last five months being consistently less than the corresponding figures for that year.

C 8

CHINESE TEMPLES.

(ORDINANCE 7 of 1928).

(Tables XXIV & XXV).

48. The following gentlemen served on the Chinese Temples Committee during the year:

(a) Hon. Sir Robert H. Kotewall, Kt., C.M.G., LL.D., Hon. Mr. T. N

Chau, C.B.E., Hon. Mr. M. K. Lo, and Hon. Dr. Li Shu-fan-Chinese Members of the Executive and Legislative Councils.

(b) Mr. Tang Shiu-kin, M.B.E. Representative of the District Watch

Committee.

(c) Mr. Tang Shiu-kin, M.B.E., Mr. W. N. Thomas Tam and Mr. B.

Wong-Tape-Chinese Members of the Urban Council.

(d) Mr. Chau Shiu-ng--Chairman of the Tung Wah Hospital Committee.

(e) Mr. Chan Kam-po-Chairman of the Po Leung Kuk Committee.

(f) Mr. Lo Min-nung-Representative of the Directors of the Tung Wah

Hospital who are residents of Kowloon or New Kowloon.

(g) Secretary for Chinese Affairs (Chairman).

49. The Committee met once at the Secretariat for Chinese Affairs.

50. The following contributions were made from the Temples Fund during the year 1938:-

$ 8,000.00 to the Chinese Public Dispensaries Fund.

$23,272.77 to the Tung Wah Hospital.

800.00 to the Home for the Aged.

500.00 to St. John Ambulance Brigade for the expenses of New Terri- tories medical work and Haw Par Hospital.

$

$

$

Ꭿ Ꭿ Ꭿ

$

500.00 to the Society for the Protection of Children.

200.00 to the Children's Playground Association.

$ 1,000.00 to Emergency Relief Council.

ABERDEEN INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL.

(Table XXVI).

51. The School has been built to accommodate 300 boys, fifty, of whom are nominated by Government, 150 by the Executive Committee and 100 by the Salesian Society, managers of the School. With the exception of Government nominees, candidates for admission must possess a parental residential qualification of five years residence in the Colony. Pupils are divided into two categories, students and artisans. The minimum age for admission of students is eight years and the minimum age for apprenticeship is fourteen years. Students follow: the Govern- - ment school programme for vernacular schools and no boy is permitted to be apprenticed to a trade until he has completed the fourth year primary course. Artisans who have been apprenticed continue their general studies concurrently with their vocational training. Pupils are accepted twice a year in February and September. The length of the artisan apprenticeship course is three to five years. School fees are $150 per annum and these include board, lodging, uniform and tuition.

C 9

52. The following gentlemen served on the Executive Committee during the year:

(a) Secretary for Chinese Affairs (Chairman).

(b) Hon. Sir Robert Kotewall, Kt., C.M.G., LL.D.-Representative of the

Chinese Members of the Executive and Legislative Councils.

(c) Mr. Li Yau-tsun, C.B.E.--Representative of the District Watch Com-

mittee.

(d) Mr. Chau Shiu-ng-Chairman of the Tung Wah Hospital Committee.

(e) Mr. Chan Kam-po-Chairman of the Po Leung Kuk Committee.

(f) Mr. Li Sing-kui-Chairman of the Chinese General Chamber of Com-

merce.

(g) Mr. B. Wong-Tape-Chinese Representative on the Urban Council

appointed by the Governor.

(h) Sir Robert Ho Tung-Appointed by the Governor.

(i) Reverend Father Braga and Reverend Father Bernardini-Members of

the Salesian Society.

STAFF.

SECRETARY FOR CHINESE AFFAIRS.

53. Mr. R. A. C. North acted as Colonial Secretray from 9th to 23rd February and went on leave from 14th November. During his absence on both occasions, Mr. W. J. Carrie acted as Secretary for Chinese Affairs.

13th May, 1939.

W. J. CARRIE,

Secretary for Chinese Affairs,

C 10

ANNEXE A.

REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE PO LEUNG KUK FOR THE YEAR 1938.

(Tables A, B and C).

The Po Leung Kuk Society was founded in 1878 to aid in the detection and suppression of kidnapping especially of girls and women, and to shelter such girls or women as had been kidnapped in the interior and brought to Hong Kong for sale or emigration. Its name means "institution for the preservation of virtue." The initiative in its formation came from the Chinese themselves, and ever since by subscription and personal service they have continued to support it.

2. The staff consists of a Chinese matron, two lady teachers, one nurse, one drill instructress, ten amahs, one shroff and two clerks who are secretaries to the managing committee. A determined effort has been made to deal with the problem of skin-diseases, and beri-beri; the continual influx of new inmates drawn from the poorest classes makes this very difficult. A more varied dietary and greater attention to physical training and games out of doors has, however, consider- ably improved the health of the inmates. A new isolation room has been prepared and arrangements have been made for regular weekly visits by the Lady Visiting Medical Officer.

3. The Po Leung Kuk Committee meets every evening from Monday to Friday at 7 p.m., the principal meeting of the week being held at 12 noon on Sunday. It not only manages the Po Leung Kuk, but acts as an advisory committee to the Secretary for Chinese Affairs in all cases affecting women and children and Chinese family life generally. It corresponds, when necessary, with charitable institutions and private persons in various parts of China, traces parents of lost children and shelters for the night any Chinese woman or girl who chooses to go. When parents and relations cannot be traced, the Committee arranges for the girls in its care to be given in marriage (never as concubines) or in adoption, always under bond and always with the consent of this office; and in every case this office ascertains the girl's willingness before giving consent.

4. In addition to the annual Committee there is a Board of Permanent Direction, which serves to maintain continuity of policy and of which the Secretary for Chinese Affairs is the ex-officio chairman.

5. The following were elected in April to serve as the Managing Committee for the year:—

Mr. Chan Kam-po.

Mr. Chan Lan-fong. Mrs. Ho Leung. Mrs. Chau Sik-nin.

Miss Alice Kwok.

Mr. Fung Tsz-ying. Mr. Lam Pat-nam. Mr. Tang Man-tin. Dr. Chau Wai-cheung. Mr. Wong Sik-chung. Dr. Li Ping-sum.

Dr. Tseung Fat-yin.

6. The number of inmates of the Po Leung Kuk on January 1st, 1938, was ninety-six and during the year 650 persons were admitted as against 465 in 1937. The circumstances of admission and the action taken in regard to them are set out in Table A.

- C 11

7. 650 women, girls and children were admitted without warrant. Fifteen were lost children. Fourteen were accompanied by parents or guardians and 103 were maidservants or muitsai who had left their employers.

8. On leaving the Kuk 219 persons were

were restored to husbands or other relatives, eighty-four were sent to charitable institutions in China, nineteen were given in adoption, one was married, 139 were released after enquiries, twenty-seven were released under bond, and forty-two were sent to a School, Convent or Refuge in the Colony. The number of inmates remaining in the Kuk on December 31st was 196, which is more than double that of previous years.

9. 167 cases of sickness were sent to the Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, three to the Queen Mary Hospital, two to the Mental Hospital, one to the Tsan Yuk Hospital, and one to the Lai Chi Kok Hospital for treatment, and of these seventeen died.

10. Dr. S. W. Tso, C.B.E., and Lieutenant-Colonel H. B. L. Dowbiggin, 0.B.E., continued to serve as Visiting Justices throughout the year.

11. Mrs. M. K. Lo and Mrs. S. W. Tso paid regular visits of inspection during the year.

C 12

ANNEXE B.

THE CHINESE HOSPITALS AND DISPENSARIES.

The Chinese Hospitals and Dispensaries are institutions established by the Chinese, in some instance over seventy years ago, for the benefit of the sick poor of Chinese nationality.

2. There are three general hospitals, each with a maternity department, one maternity hospital, and nine public dispensaries.

3. They are maintained by subscriptions from the public, by donations from the Chinese General Charities Fund, and by direct grants from Government. The Government grants have been substantially increased in recent years.

4. These institutions are controlled by Chinese Committees working in close co-operation with the Secretary for Chinese Affairs and the Director of Medical Services. Both hospitals and dispensaries are subject to inspection by Government Visiting Medical Officers, and the Medical Superintendents of the three hospitals are Chinese Medical Officers of the Medical Department.

5. In the three big hospitals the patients can

choose between Western medicine and Chinese herbal medicine, but in the maternity hospitals and dispensaries Western medicine only is practised.

THE CHINESE HOSPITALS.

6. The Tung Wah Hospital situated in the centre of the most thickly populated area in Victoria was first occupied in 1873. The Tung Wah Eastern Hospital situated at the east end of Victoria was opened in 1929. The Government gave the sites and with grants of money assisted in the erection of the buildings. The Kwong Wah Hospital situated in the Central District of Kowloon was built in 1911 to meet the needs of those resident in the Peninsula. The funds for its erection were raised by public subscription.

7. In control of the three hospitals is the Tung Wah Hospital Committee, a body of Chinese gentlemen elected each year by the subscribers, but the end of 1938 saw the inauguration of a Tung Wah Hospital Medical Committee consisting of representatives of the Tung Wah Advisory Board and of the Tung Wah Hospitals Directorate, the Visiting Medical Officer, and the Medical Superintendents of the three hospitals under the chairmanship of the Director of Medical Services. This Committee, appointed by His Excellency the Governor, is the executive authority in all matters relating to the medical administration of the Tung Wah Hospitals.

8. The Tung Wah Hospital corporation serves many purposes, and has wide ramifications extending into many departments of charitable work. Its activities include :-

(1) Accommodation and treatment by Western or herbal medicine of the

sick poor.

(2) The care and provision for the senile and indigent.

(3) Maternity and child welfare service for the poor.

(4) Free vaccination against smallpox and inoculation against cholera.

(5) Provision of coffins and burial of the dead.

(6) Training schools for nurses and midwives.

gale

C 13

9. (The Sino-Japanese hostilities with the consequent influx of refugees to the Colony have had very far reaching effects on Chinese Hospitals and when it is remembered that the total number of beds in the three hospitals is just under 1,100 the figures given in the attached Table are almost unbelievable.

In the early months of 1938 it became apparent that the accommodation in these hospitals was taxed to the uttermost, and some scheme for the immediate relief of the dangerous congestion had to be evolved. It was thought that if a proportion of the patients suffering from chronic curable maladies requiring prolonged hospitalisation could be transferred to another building, (equipped on the lines of a convalescent home rather than as a modern hospital), then space and opportunity would be made for the care and treatment of the crowds of sick and dying who daily thronged the admission wards of the Tung Wah Hospitals Government, therefore, decided to convert Lai Chi Kok Prison, which had been closed when the new prison at Stanley was built, into a Chinese Relief Hospital for the accommo- dation of patients from the Tung Wah group with chronic but curable illnesses, particularly beri-beri.) Lai Chi Kok Relief Hospital was opened in May 1938 and its 300 beds are always full. It cannot be said that the opening of this hospital has relieved to any marked extent the congestion in the wards of Chinese Hospitals, they are still as crowded as ever, but at least the average length of stay of patients has decreased, many more patients have been dealt with in a shorter time, and cures have been effected which could not have taken place in the congested wards of the Tung Wah Hospitals. The experiment has been valuable in another respect; it proves that the degree of usefulness of such an institution as Lai Chi Kok, meagrely equipped and unexpensively maintained, is only limited by its modest accommodation, and in this Colony where the demand for medical services by the sick poor is so great the possibility of expanding medical facilities along the lines adopted at Lai Chi Kok is worthy of further consideration.

10. In April a Chinese sister-tutor was appointed by Government to the three Chinese Hospitals Nurses Training Schools, and there has been a marked improvement in the general standard of nursing in the wards, which has, of course, been favourably reflected in the results of candidates from Chinese Hospitals at the Nurses Board Examinations. By training Chinese women in nursing and midwifery these hospitals play an important part in the dissemination of health. education among the poor and ignorant members of the community.

11. At the beginning of the year Government seconded for service in the Tung Wah Hospital a charge dresser, who is responsible for nursing in male wards and the training of male dressers, some of whom have enrolled as proba- tioners under the Nurses Registration Ordinance and will later sit the Nurses Board examinations.

12. In spite of the tremendous strain placed on the Tung Wah Hospitals Committee and on the medical and nursing staffs during 1938, the year must be recorded as of progress, characterised by improvements in buildings and equipment, better conditions of service for the nursing staff, acceleration of diagnosis and treatment of patients, and expansion of the maternity and child welfare clinics run in conjunction with the maternity departments.

THE WANCHAI OR EASTERN MATERNITY HOSPITAL.

13. This hospital is run in conjunction with the Eastern Dispensary.

It is

in charge of a Western-trained Chinese Doctor and continues to provide most satisfactory and efficient service for this densely populated district.

The total number of beds is 31, and the number of admissions 931. There were four maternal deaths during the year.

C 14

THE CHINESE PUBLIC DISPENSARIES.

14. The origin of the Chinese Public Dispensaries was a movement made in 1904 by certain leading Chinese citizens especially Messrs. Fung Wa-chun, Lau Chu-pak and Ho Kom-tong, with the help and encouragement of Mr. A. W. Brewin, then Registrar-General. This movement began in the hope of coping with the scandal of the abandonment of dead bodies in the streets.

15. In 1905 two depots were established, the Western and the Eastern. In immediate charge of each depot was a Chinese doctor qualified in Western medicine who was assisted by an English-speaking clerk.

16. In 1909 the Government gave the movement public support and encour- agement and the Committee became the Chinese Public Dispensaries Committee under the chairmanship of the Registrar-General, now the Secretary for Chinese Affairs.

17. It was declared at the time that the work of the depots or dispensaries was not hospital work and that the Chinese doctors employed were simply to diagnose disease and not to treat it. However, treatment centres were needed, and treatment, commenced in a small way, gradually developed until now the principal function of the dispensaries is medical relief. But in addition to the ordinary work of the clinic and dispensary these institutions serve as depots where the poor may apply for assistance in matters connected with —

(a) The removal of patient to hospital.

(b) Certification as to the cause of death.

(c) Removal of corpses to mortuaries.

(d) Supply of coffins and arrangements for burial.

(e) The registration of births.

(f) Vaccination.

18. There are now nine Chinese Public Dispensaries, five on the Island of Hong Kong and four in Kowloon. The Tsan Yuk Maternity Hospital, which was formerly administered by the Committee of the Chinese Western Dispensary, was handed over to Government as a gift on January 1st, 1934.

19. One of the dispensaries is housed in rooms attached to a temple. Another, at Aberdeen, consists of two rented shops temporarily adapted for the purpose. Gradually up-to-date buildings are taking the place of the temporary ones. The dispensaries at Shaukiwan and Wanchai are excellent buildings of their kind, as those on the Kowloon side at Yaumati, Kowloon City and Shamshuipo.

20. This latter is housed in a new building which was opened on 26th October, 1936. Designed on modern lines it affords ample accommodation for the large clientele which attends daily.

21. A gynaecological clinic is held by one of the Government Lady Medical Officers once or twice a week at each of the dispensaries.

22. Each dispensary has a room attached to it where dead bodies can be received for transport to the mortuaries preliminary to burial. Coffins are provided free.

23. On 11th March, 1936, a beginning was made with a public dispensary in Stanley Village replacing and continuing a privately operated dispensary under the auspices of St. Stephen's College. This is additional to the nine dispensaries referred to in paragraph 18. The premises are part of a temple building. No collections have so far been made in Stanley itself, and expenses are defrayed from the Aberdeen Dispensary funds.

Inpatients:-

Western treatment

Chinese herbal treatment

Maternity

Combined

Operations:---

Major

Minor

- C 15

Tung

T.W. Kwong

Total.

Wah.

E.H.

Wah.

11,060

5,272 13,617

29,949

5.695

2,055

4,745 12,495

1,946

865

4,102

6,913

18,701

8.192

22,464 49,357

106

43

90

239

1.117

656

146

1,919

1,223

699

236

2,158

Combined

Deaths:

Died within 24 hours

837

866

4.029

5,782

Other deaths in hospital

3,561

1,481

2,861

7,903

4,398

2.347

6.890

13.635

Brought in dead for burial

1,155

670

1,966

3,791

Death rate per 1,000 inpatients

229

259

300

263

Outpatients:--

Western treatinent:-

General

Baby clinic

Ante-natal

Gynaecology

Eye

22,255 22,889

32,622

77,766

1.387

503

1,890

559

559

1,678

1,678

15,239

960

3.148

19,347

38,881

23,849 38,510

101,240

Chinese herbal treatment

211,438

91,700 216.321 519,459

Combined

250,319

115,549

254,831 620,699

Anti-smallpox vaccination

31,796

13,939

7,185 52,920

Anti-cholera inoculation

11.504

8,355

:

4,693 24,552

C 16

INDEX.

Table.

Po Leung Kuk.

Number of Women, Girls and Children admitted

A.

Statement of Receipts & Expenditure (Jan.

Mar.)

B.

Statement of Receipts & Expenditure (Mar.

Dec.)

C.

Secretariat for Chinese Affairs.

Comparative Statement of Expenditure

Comparative Statement of Revenue, 1937 and 1938

Comparative Statement of Expenditure and Revenue for the last

ten years

Emigration.

Number of female passengers and boys examined and passed Number of Assisted Emigrants

Chinese Boarding House Licence Returns

Τ

II

]][

IV

V.

VI

District Watch Force.

Statement of Receipts and Expenditure

Tung Wah Hospital and Man Mo Temple.

Comparative statement of cases obtained

Income and Expenditure Account of the three Chinese Hospitals

VII

VIII

IX

Balance Sheet of the three Chinese Hospitals

X

Income and Expenditure Account of the Man Mo Temple

ΧΙ

Balance Sheet of the Man Mo Temple

XII

Comparative Expenditure under certain headings at the three

Chinese Hospitals

XIII

Comparative number of cases treated at the three Chinese Hospitals..............

XIV.

Brewin Fund.

Income and Expenditure Account

Balance Sheet......

XV

XVI

Chinese Public Dispensaries.

Summary of work done during the year

XVII

Summary of work done in Gynaecological Clinics

XVIII

Statement of Receipts and Expenditure

XIX

Chinese Permanent Cemetery: Statement of Account

XX

Chinese Recreation Ground: Statement of Account

Yaumati Public Square: Statement of Account

Passage Money Fund

XXI

XXII

XXIII

General Chinese Charities Fund

XXIV

Chinese Temples Fund

XXV

Aberdeen Industrial School: Statement of Accounts.

XXVI

Total

In the Po Leung Kuk onl

1st January, 1938 ...)

Committed under Warrant from the Secretariat for Chinese Affairs.

Committed under Warrant from the Emigration Office.

Sent with their own consent by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs.

Sent with their own consent from Singapore and Sandakan.

Sent with their own consent by the Police.

64

1

7

19

4

1

Remaining in the Po

Leung Kuk on the

143

2

28

12

10

1

196

31st December, 1938

508

8

173

34

18

10

Lost Children.

Table A.

NUMBER OF WOMEN, GIRLS AND CHILDREN, ADMITTED TO THE PO LEUNG KUK DURING THE YEAR 1938 AND THE

ARRANGEMENTS MADE REGARDING THEM.

Accompanying parents or guardians.

Runaway girls.

Total.

Released after enquiries.

Released under bond.

Admitted during the year

444

7

166

15

14

4

650

127

20

2

205

74

26

15

1

14

166

650

1

36

96

12

7

—MAY

Placed in charge of husbands.

Placed in charge of parents and relatives.

Sent

to

Charitable Institution in China employed as domestic servant.

Sent to School, Convent, or Refuge.

or

14

10

16

746

139

27

2

219

84

42

19

1

17

196

746

1

}

t

|

3

30

96

Adopted.

Married.

Died.

Case under consideration.

Total,

C 17

Table B.

PO LEUNG KUK.

STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE FROM 1ST JANUARY TO 10TH APRIL, 1938.

- Ċ 18

Receipts.

Balance from Previous year

Subscriptions:

¢

Expenditure.

Rent from House Property

$1,078.00

Subscriptions from Guilds'

1,836.00

13,549.56

Wages

Food

Clothes for inmates

Traffic expenses

Repairs

Passage Money

$

¢

$1,532.00 1,792.63

76.41

213.55

425.77

64.75

Sale of Hand Work

120.13

Deposit by Mok Wai Yung

279.50

Fuel

Light and Power

535.79

278.87

Contributions to Festivals

265.00

Drugs

101.05

Miscellaneous

45.99

Water

412.46

3,624.62

Telephone

64.50

Interest on Current Account

Crown Rent and Rates

327.09

233.42

Advertisement and Printing

14.70

Stationery

85.02

Deposit with Po Fung Bank Miscellaneous

279.50

435.40

6,639.49

Balance

10,768.11

Total....

$17,407.60

Total..

Certified by the Statutory Declaration of Luk Oi Wan and Chan Lan Fong, Members of the Board of Directors.

$17,407.60

Է

Table C.

PO LEUNG KUK.

STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE FROM 11TH APRIL TO 31ST DECEMBER, 1938.

Receipts.

$

¢

Expenditure.

$

Handed over by previous Committee

$10,768.11

Wages

$4,598.10

Food

7,222.06

Fuel

1,439.77

Subscriptions:----

Repairs

2,526.30

Grant by Hong Kong Government

$17,000.00

Traffic Expenses

532.10

T

Rent from house property

2,800.00

Water Account

336.58

Subscriptions from Guilds

272.00

Crown Rent and Rates

279.28

Yim Fong and A. Fong Photographers...

450.00

Clothes for Inmates

1,105.73

C 19

Yue Lan and other celebrations

746.00

Light and Power

507.59

Sale of hand work

82.68

Telephone

64.50

Miscellaneous

261.81

Petty Expenditure

950.48

21,612.49

Printing and Stationery

300.57

Passage Money

79.35

Medical Apparatus and Drugs

Material for Hand Work Miscellaneous

331.50

209.16

1,533.41

$22,016.48

Interest on current account

Total.....

29.58

Balance

$32,410.18

10,393.70*

Total....

$32,410.18

Certified by the Statutory Declaration of Luk Oi Wan and Chan Lan Fong, Members of the Board of Directors.

*Of which $7,405.97 represents the surplus of the Building Fund.

C 20

Table I.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE 1937 AND 1938.

Personal Emoluments

1937.

1938.

$125,913.86 $138,410.09

Other Charges.

Conveyance Allowances

Electric Fans and Light

Incidental Expenses

1,511.75

637.05

1,098.96

994.79

727.73

1,024.35

Library

109.32

148.31

+

Rent of Public Telephone

87.75

Transport

35.10

235.25

Special Expenditure.

Gestetner Duplicator

Typewriter

995.00

313.00

Total Personal Emoluments and Other Charges

$130,757.37 $141,520.94

Table II.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF REVENUE 1937 AND 1938.

1937.

1938.

Licences and Internal Revenue not otherwise specified.

Chinese Boarding House Licences

$17,648.00

$14,731.00

Emigration Passage Broker Licences

1,410.00

1,400.00

Fees of Court or Office.

Certificates to Chinese Proceeding to Foreign Countries...

200.00

750.00

Miscellaneous

129.00

23.00

Official Signatures

80.00

110.00

Miscellaneous Receipts.

Condemned Stores

33.00

29.10

Other Miscellaneous Receipts

30.00

Total

$19,530.00

$17,043.10

7-

"

C 21

Table III.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE AND REVENUE FOR LAST TEN YEARS

Year.

*Personal Emoluments and

Other Charges.

Special Expenditure.

1929.

78,121.08

1930..

130,279.41

1931...

135,424.29

1932...

130,880.54

1933..

175,321.51

1934....

141,831.49

1935.....

127,624.04

1936......

139.948.00

1937.....

129,449.37

1938...

141,520.94

Total Expenditure.

Total Revenue.

78,121.08

16,828.36

130,279.41

20,176.06

135,424.29

18,771.59

130,880.54

17,344.03

175,321.51

16,347.60

141,831.49

17,618.75

127,624.04

13,329.67

139,948.00

26,865.75

1,308.00

130,757.37

19,530.00

141,520.94

17,043.10

*Includes officers of Cadet, S.C. & A., & J.C. Services attached to department.

Table IV.

Number of female passengers and boys examined and passed before the Secretary for Chinese Affairs under "The Asiatic Emigration Ordinance, 1915,”

during the year 1938.

Women and Children 1938.

Total Women

and

Women Girls

Boys Total

Children

1937.

Macassar

333

110

184

627

613

Straits Settlements & F.M.S.

21,179

4,373

5,221

30,773

78,334

Dutch Indies

364

99

204

667

530

Belawan Deli

421

157

325

903

681

British North Borneo

791

284

384

1,459

2.815

Honolulu

49

33

47

129

187

United States of America

302

185

490

977

505

South America

4

4

165

Mauritius & Reunion

191

55

165

411

235

Australia

51

41

121

213

140

India

135

35

95

265

234

South Africa

129

30

110

269

125

Vancouver

202

23

354

579

290

Batavia

1,616

483

1.203

3,302

1,814

Sourabaya

631

186

468

1,285

535

Rangoon

384

175

302

861

1,081

Billiton Victoria Seattle

4

53

29

29

198

26,778 6,269 9,706 42,753

83,539

- C 22

Table V.

NUMBER OF ASSISTED EMIGRANTS.

Rejected.

Year.

Examined. Passed.

Un-

Rejected Rejected

at

willing. S.C.A.

by Doctor.

* Total

Rejected

Percentage

of Rejection.

1937......

1938......

7,750

7,564

2

52

186

2.4

1,474

1,466

3

8

.54

* This number includes those who failed to appear for the final examination.

Native districts of assisted emigrants passed.

West River

East River

North River

Canton

Delta

Kwong Sai

Southern Districts

45

196

85

37

54

810

239

1,466

Whither bound.

Dutch Indies:

DESTINATION OF ASSISTED EMIGRANTS.

Muntok

Billiton

Gavutu

Ocean Island

Nauru ....

Mombasa

Sydney

Melbourne

Rabaul

Sandakan

Singapore

Total......

Male Assisted Emigrants.

1937.

1938.

5,979

862

1,188

5

16

95

343

463

3

1

2

22

37

6

3

1

4

7,564

1,466

Classification of the assisted emigrants examined, according to the language spoken gives the following figures:-

Cantonese Hakka

832

634

Total

.1,466

Table VI.

Chinese boarding house licence returns under the Boarding House Ordinance. No. 23 of 1917.

Class.

Į

II

IV

VII Total

No. in existence at beginning of 1938 No. in existence at end of 1938 ...

1

73

1

63

N N

2

81

157

2

75

141

→ C 23

Table VII.

STATEMENT OF THE RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE

RELATIVE TO THE HONG KONG · DISTRICT WATCHMAN FUND FOR THE YEAR 1938.

Receipts.

c.

Expenditure.

$ c.

To Balance

127,166.39 Wages and Salaries:---

TJ

Contributions (Victoria:-

$43,615.91 + Kowloon: $14,730 33

58,346.24

Watchmen

Chief District Watchmen Assistant Chief District

Detectives

1st Class District Watch.nen... 17 389.94

$ c.

2,880.00

3 513 00

10 704.00

""

Grant by Hong Kong Government

100.00

2nd 3rd

33

"

"7

... 12 289.81 508.86

Payment to District Walchmen for special

services

47,285.61

2,398.00

Miscellaneous:-

Fines

84.00

Cooks

"

,, House rents

Rent for permission to erect an iron gate on s.s. 2 of Section A on I.L. 680, for 1938 (West Point D.W. Quarters)

756.00

Coolies Messenger

1 104.00 840.00 96.00

2,040.00

Office Staff:-

1.00

Manager Collectors

*80 00

1 176 00

1,356.00

19

Interest on Hong Kong Government 4%

Conversion Loan

1,520.00

27

Interest on Fixed Deposits

800.00

"

Interest on Current Account

652.35

Balance:-

Total...... 191,823.98

Other Charges:-

Rent allowance

Allowance to Detectives

Medal allowance

Conservancy allowance

Conveyance allowance &c. Electric charges

Telephone rentals

Stationery, printing and stamps

Uniforms and equipments

Ammunition

Crown Rents

Repairs and fittings

3 324.92 2 298.00 1406.00

42.00 870.25

1 034.94

597.00

403.14

2 766.87

261.00 11.37

Premium on Fire Policy

Gratuities and rewards

Sundries

Pensions:-

3 777.82

426.84

4 477.50 900.80

22,598.45

2,431.35

75,711.41

116,112.57

Total......

191,823.98

Ex. C. D. W. Chan Sham and others

Total Expenditure

Balance

Fong Kong Government 4% Conversion Loan

Cash

.$ 38,000.00

37,952.57

Fixed Deposits (H.K. & Sh. Bk.)

Fixed Deposits (Treasury)

Advance to C. D. Ws.

10,000.00

30,000 00

160.00

Total......$116,112.57

Examined & Found correct.

S. W. T'SO,

泉右李

Members of D. W. Cee.

Secretariat for Chinese Affairs.

Hong Kong, 31st December, 1938.

W. J. CARRIE,

S. C. A.

K. KEEN,

A. S. C. A.

TANG MAN TUEN,

Manager, D.W.F.

;

C 24

Table VIII.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF THE NUMBER OF CASES OBTAINED BY THE DISTRICT WATCH FORCE FOR THE LAST THREE YEARS.

Offence.

1936.

1937.

1938.

Murder

Robbery

1

3

Co

5

Burglary (or Arms)

Larceny

1

4

7

769

1,123

543

Larceny from person

225

364

372

Receiving stolen goods

26

53

34

Unlawful possession

129

165

92

Trafficking in children (or kidnapping)

21

17

Breach of Women and Girls Ordinance

13

S

Muitsai (Female Domestic Service Ordinance)

7

1

Obtaining by false pretences

18

26

10

Disorderly conduct

54

30

23

Loitering

7

21

8

Coinage offences

14

14

Deportation

Revenue offences

yehue

Gambling

Miscellaneous

104

77

33

124

114

40

29

38

13

26

14

20

Total

1,567 2,067

1,214

:

素

C 25

Table IX.

東華醫院

·TUNG WAH HOSPITAL.

廣華醫院

KWONG WAH HOSPITAL.

東華東院

TUNG WAH EASTERN HOSPITAL.

九三八年

年進支

INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31st Dec

進欸

INCOME.

東華| 廣華|東華東總數

Tung Wah Kwong Wah

Tung Wah Eastern

Total

政府津貼

各件酬金

Salaries & Wages

Government Grant:--

各件伙食

Staff Provision

經費

for General Expenses

$ 38,000.00 $ 33,500.00 $ 25,000.00 $ 96,500.00

各

號

Uniform for Staff

施棺

Telephone Rent

10,000.00

*7,000.00

for Free Coffins

17,000.00

西藥

for Western Medicine

2,500.00

2,500.00

2,500.00

7,500.00

戒煙

for Opium Ward

捐款

Subscriptions & Donations:--

善士殷戶等

1,512.00

1,512.00

電話租

差餉地稅

Rates & Taxes

燕梳 費

Insurance Premium

紙料印件

Stationery & Printing

水費

Water Accounts

燈 火

Lights:----

電

Electric

57,025.80

11.030.34

17 599.56

85 655.70

Individuals

煤

Gas

戲院及影相館

附頂息

960 CO

2,460.00

3 420.00

Interest on Deposits

Theatres & Photographers

修葺

公立醫局

Repairs:----

Chinese Public Dispensary

廟宇撥助

5,012 40

5 012.40

本院

Hospital Buildings

屋宇

8 000.00

8 000.00

from Temple Fund

各行捐款

House Property

十字車費用

Ambulance Expenses

other Subscriptions

2,645.81

13,110.36

30.00

15,786.17

病人伙食:

Inpatient Provision

利息

Interest

9.838.30

2,384.00

1,950.00

14,172,30

贈醫分所費用

Out-Patient Clinic

租項

購藥

Rents:---

屋宇租

House Property

106.041.98

1,871.24

1,641.47

109,554.69

義庄租

Coflin Home

29,241.00

别喜及永別亭租

29,241.00

Cost of Medicine:-----

中藥

Chinese

西藥

Western

煤炭

Coal:-

㷛藥用

for boiling Medicine

熱水爐用

C 25

Table IX.

東華醫院

·TUNG WAH HOSPITAL.

廣華醫院

KWONG WAH HOSPITAL.

東華東院

TUNG WAH EASTERN HOSPITAL.

九 三 三八年進支數

LE AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST DECEMBER, 1938.

欸

支出

ME.

EXPENDITURE.

華廣華 東華東總數

東華廣華 東華東 廣華

東華東總數

g Wah

Kwong Wah

Tung Wah

Total

Tung Wah

Kwong Wah

Eastern

Tung Wah Eastern

Total

各件酬金

Salaries & Wages

$55.376.27

$ 35.713.17 | 32,847.94

$123,937.38

各件伙食

Staff Provision

13,155.27

8,883.80

8,796.09

30 835.16

备件號衣

3,000.00

$ 33,500.00 $ 25,000.00

$ 96,500.00

Uniform for Staff

1,273.41

886.04

1,108.85

3 268.30

電話租

Telephone Rent

1,501.46

515.10

892.43

2,908.99

,000.00

7,000,00

17,000.00

差餉地稅

Rates & Taxes

17,621.50

300.40

267.06

18,188.96

燕梳 費

2,500.00

2,500.00

2,500.00

7,500.00

Insurance Premium

576.89

576.89

紙料印件

Stationery & Printing

2,266.56

1,989.23

1,803.47

6.059.26

1,512.00

1,512.00

水費

Water Accounts.

燈火

Lights: --

7 378.10

172.42

2,431.43

9,981.95

電

煎

Electric

5,425.99

3,731.76

2,648.74 11,806.49

7,025.80

11.030.34

17 599.56

85 655.70

煤

Gas

6,097.13

2,350.05

2,791.95

11.239.13

附頂息

960 CO

2,460.00

3 420.00

Interest on Deposits

1,798.90

1.798 90

修葺

Repairs:----

5.012 40

5 012.40

本院

Hospital Buildings

6,525.31

4,084.60

5,177.76

15,787.67

屋宇

8 000.00

8 000.00

House Property

1,690.96

33.30

67.41

1,791.67

十字車費用

Ambulance Expenses

1,214.45

1,006.88

759.18

2,980.51

2,645.81

13,110.36

30.00

15,786.17

病人伙食

Inpatient Provision

42,897.37

24,468.00 13,992.28 81,357.65

贈醫分所費用

9.838.30

2,384.00

1,950.00

14,172.30

Out-Patient Clinic

1,935.32

1,935.32

購藥

Cost of Medicine:----

中藥

Chinese

西藥

Western

38,539.07 45,592.07 32,582.25 116.713.39

6.041.98

1,871.24

1,641.47

109,554.69

12,792.68 12,739.86

9,395.27 34,927.81

煤炭

Coal:-----

9,241.00

29,241.00

㷛藥用

for boiling Medicine

3,293.41

1,839.12

1,944.79

7,077.32

篇号

++-4

57,025.80

11.030.34

17 599.56

85 655.70

Individuals

煤

Gas

戲院及影相館

附頂息

960 00

Theatres & Photographers

2,460.00

3 420.00

Interest on Deposits

修葺

公立醫局

Repairs:------

5.012 40

5 012.40

Chinese Public Dispensary

本院

Hospital Buildings

廟宇撥助

屋宇

from Temple Fund

8 000.00

8 000.00

House Property

十字車費用

Ambulance Expenses

各行捐款

other Subscriptions

2,645.81

13,110.36

30.00

15,786.17

病人伙食

Inpatient Provision

利息

Interest

租項

9.838.30

2,384.00

1,950.00

14,172,30

Cost of Medicine:----

Rents:-

屋宇租

House Property

義租

Coffin Home

29,241.00

106,041.98

1,871.24

1,641.47 109,554.69

Coal:-

29,241.00

一別亭及永別亭租

Yat Pit Ting & Wing Pit Ting

2.660.00

2,660.00

鐵爐租

贈醫分所費用

Out-Patient Clinic

購藥

中藥

Chinese

西藥

Western

煤炭

保藥用

for boiling Medicine

熱水爐用

for hot water

棉衣棉胎及被單

Winter Clothings, Quilts & Sheets

葬費

Iron Burners

自理房費

2 043 00

1,275.00

3,318.00

Burial Charges:——

棺木

Receipts from Private and Maternity Ward

Cost of Coffins

Patients

12,005.93 17,274.78

20,429.44

49.710.15

費用

沽中藥

Sale of Chinese Medicine

Burial Expenses

石碑

十字車

Ambulance

賣花籌款

Proceeds of Flower day

7,658.95

4,536.04

421.58

4,957.62

Tombstones

雜用

Sundry Expenses:——

1,308.50

3,438.50

1,337.50

6,084.50

病房

Ward

院内

7,658.95

各項收入

Miscellaneous Receipts

21,219.99

1,890.72

931.70

24,042.41

Bad debts written off ·

進支比對不敷

Hospital

痘局

Small Pox Hospital

撇枯數

進支比對盈餘

Excess of Expenditure over Income

77,873.65

55,867.05 133,740.70

Surplus of Income over Expenditure

$307,685,30 $181,042.57 $136,798.72 $625,526.59

9

不敷

Deficit:-

廣華醫院

Kwong Wah Hospital

東華東院

Tung Wah Eastern Hospital

盈餘

Surpins:----

東華醫院

Tung Wah Hospital

三院進支比對不敷

..$ 77,873.65

55,867.05

$133,740.70

27,558.92

Difference being Excess of Expendituire over Income for the three Hospitals ...$106,181.78

030.34

17 599.56

85 655.70

煤

11,000.*

Gas

6,097.13

2,350.05

2,791.95

11.239.13

附頂息

160.00

3 420.00

Interest on Deposits

1,798.90

1.798 90

修葺

Repairs:---

)12 40

5 012.40

本 院

Hospital Buildings

6,525.31

4,084.60

5,177.76

屋宇

15,787.67

8 000.00

8 000.00

House Property

1,690.96

33.30

67.41

十字車費用

1,791.67

Ambulance Expenses

1,214.45

1,006.88

759.18

110.36

30.00

15,786.17

病人伙食!

2,980.51

Inpatient Provision

42,897.37

贈醫分所費用

24,468.00 13,992.28 81,357.65

384.00

1,950.00 14,172.30

Out-Patient Clinic

1,935.32

購藥

1,935.32

Cost of Medicine:-----

中 藥

Chinese

西 藥

371.24

1,641.47

109,554.69

Western

煤炭

38,539.07

45,592.07 32,582.25 116.713.39

12,792.68 12,739.86

9,395.27 34,927.81

Coal:

29,241.00

藥用

for boiling Medicine

3,293.41

1,839.12

1,944.79

7,077.32

熱水爐用

2,660.00

for hot water

2,945.63

1,717.32

.*2,875.33

棉衣棉胎及被單

7.538.28

Winter Clothings, Quilts & Sheets

4,194.11

2.313.78

1.305.16

7.813 05

275.00

3,318.00

葬費

Burial Charges:--

棺木

Cost of Coffins

17.626.41

17,988 75

3 525 39

39,140.55

274.78

20,429.44

49.710.15

費用

Burial Expenses

5,051.98

3.348.10

1 125.25

9,525.33

石碑

121.58

4,957.62

Tombstones

1,166.00

595.00

236.40

1,997.40

雜用

Sundry Expenses:----

138.50

1,337.50

6,084.50

病房

Ward

10,137.39

7,403.33

4.110.17

21,650.89

院内

7,658.95

Hospital

10,129.36

3,370.49

4,178.80 17,678.65

痘局

390.72

931.70 24,042.41

873.65 55,867.05 133,740.70

042.57 $136,798.72 $625,526.59

Small Pox Hospital

撇枯數

Bad debts written off

進支比對盈餘

Surplus of Income over Expenditure

$307.685.30 $181.042.57 $136,798.72 $625,526.59

8,283.77

8,283.77

1,167.00

1,167.00

27,558.92

27,558.92

.$ 77,873.65

55,867.05

$133,740.70

27,558.92

the three Hospitals ...$106,181.78

欠欸

LIABILITIES.

1. Sundry Creditors:-

附項

(a) Deposits

街賬

(b) Trade Accounts

上海銀行

(c) Hong Kong & Shanghai

C 26

Table X.

東華醫院

TUNG WAH HOSPITAL

廣華醫院

KWONG WAH HOSPITAL

東華東院

TUNG WAH EASTERN HOSPITAL

九三八年年結

BALANCE SHEET AS AT DECEMBER, 1938.

$74,386.32

51,681:52

$

3

ASSETS.

$

現銀

1. Cash in Hand

11,238.68

各項欠款

2. Sundry Debtors

7,344.26

Banking Corporation... 20,070.68

存貨

146,138.52

3. Stock in Hand:-

2. Special Funds: -

施中藥

廣福

(a) Kwong Fook Chi Free

Girl School ....... .$ 10,350.51

(6) Chinese Medicine

Fund.

炎欸

女義學

中藥

(a) Chinese medicine

..$19,758.69

西藥

21,924.14

(6) Western medicine 2,165.45

67,411.80

4. Investments:-

(c) Relief Funds

120,891.56

·急需項

屋宇

(d) Emergency Fund

78,717.93

(a) House Property...$1,550,000.00

急需項息

(e) Emergency Fund

按揭

Interest accrued

20,063.35

(b) Mortgages

70,000.00

297,435.15

恩俸

3. Staff Pension Fund

92.19

修葺項

按揭己封租

(c) Mortgages (Posses-

sion entered)

4. Special Repair Fund

沽痘局欸項

10,724.89

傢私器具等

5. Small Pox Hospital Realization Fund...

50,000.00

5. Hospital Appliances

積項

6. General Reserve

.$1,404,386.25

是年不敷

Less loss for the year

...

106,181.78

1,298,204.47

1,802,595.22

6. Accounts Receivable:-

租項

(a) Property rent accrued

100,000.00

1,720,000.00

31,605.14

10,483.00

1,802,595.22

(a) Deposits

街賬

(b) Trade Accounts

$74,380.52

51,681:52

上海銀行

(c) Hong Kong & Shanghai

Banking Corporation... 20,070.68

2. Special Funds:-

廣福祠女義學

(a) Kwong Fook Chi Free

Girl School ......

施中藥

(6) Chinese Medicine

Fund

災欸

(c) Relief Funds

.$ 10,350.51

⊥。 Vasu AMA

各項欠款

2. Sundry Debtors

存貨

146,138.52

3. Stock in Hand:-

中藥

(a) Chinese medicine .$19,758.69

7,344.26

西藥

(b) Western medicine

2,165.45

67,411.80

21,924.14

4. Investments:-

120,891.56

屋宇

急需項

(d) Emergency Fund..... 78,717.93

急需項息

(e) Emergency Fund

Interest accrued

恩俸項

3. Staff Pension Fund

修葺項

4. Special Repair Fund

......

沽痘局欸項

10,724.89

5. Small Pox Hospital Realization Fund... 50,000.00

(a) House Property...$1,550,000.00

按揭

20,063.35

(b) Mortgages

70,000.00

297,435.15

92.19

按揭已封租

(c) Mortgages (Posses-

sion entered)

傢私器具等

100,000.00

1,720,000.00

31,605.14

5. Hospital Appliances

積項

6. General Reserve

$1,404,386.25

6. Accounts Receivable:--

是年不敷

租項

Less loss for the year

106,181.78

(a) Property rent accrued

1,298,204.47

1,802,595.22

10,483.00

1,802,595.22

Tung Wah Hospital, Kwong Wah Hospital and Tung Wah Eastern Hospital.

Sd. CHAU SHIU NG

Chairman.

Sd. LO MIN NUNG,

Director.

I report that I have audited the above Balance Sheet with the Books, Accounts and Vouchers of the Hospitals. Such Balance Sheet is, in my opinion, properly drawn up so as to exhibit a true and correct view of the state of the Hospitals' affairs as at 31st December, 1938, according to the best of my information and the explanations given to me and as shown by the Books of the Hospitals. I have

and

obtained all the information

此情內入院

表安

特在年

explanations I have required.

之見釋人亦

八年一年

院一九三

以表明該

屬妥協足

之年結係

人明白解

釋以余所

見此三院

經問目

者凡名

對清楚

部又核各之余 該對 種數

數將

據及

Sd. CHAU YUT U.

Auditor.

以上三院

之年結經

Hong Kong, 27th April, 1939.

租項

Rent::

Table XI.

文武廟

MAN MO TEMPLE.

一九三八年十二月三十 號止進支數

INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST DECEMBER, 1938.

支數

進

INCOME.

屋宇

House Properties

廟宇

Temple

政府津貼義學

Government subsidy to Free Schools

雜項

Miscellaneous Receipts

$

EXPENDITURE.

$

義學經費

Free School expenses

17,115.33

修葺嘗舖及義學

Repairs to House Properties and Free Schools

834.40

$15,688.00

差餉地稅及燕梳

Rates, Crown Rent and Insurance

2,726.33

水費

4,212.00

19,900.00

Water account

1,357.58

雜項

4,815.00

Miscellaneous expenses

1,245.40

進支比對盈餘

301.14 Surplus of Income over Expenditure

1,737.10

$25,016.14

25,016.14

27

Table XII.

文武廟

MAN MO TEMPLE (Contd.)

九三八年

八年 年 結

BALANCE SHEET AS AT 31ST DECEMBER, 1938.

欠數

LIABILITIES.

存款

ASSETS.

東華醫院

嘗舖

Tung Wah Hospital

2,453.21

House Properties

積項

General Reserve

$139,109.69

進支比對盈餘

Add surplus of Income over

Expenditure

1,737.10

140,846.79

$143,300.00

明

143,300,00

$143,300.00

C 28

Tung Wah Hospital, Kwong Wah Hospital and Tung Wah Eastern Hospital,

CHAU SHIU NG,

Chairman.

LO MIN NUNG, Director.

e audited the foregoing Balance Sheet with the books and Vouchers and find it to be in accordance therewith.

以上 數 目及數部單業 均經查核無訛

h April, 1939.

CHAU YUT U,

Auditor.

Hood you'd 3201

Table XIII.

THE FOLLOWING TABLE SHOWS THE COMPARATIVE EXPENDITURE

AND TUNG WAH EASTERN HOSPITAL DURING 1938.

Hospitals.

UNDER CERTAIN HEADINGS AT TUNG WAH HOSPITAL, KWONG WAH HOSPITAL (For full details of income and expenditure see Tables IX and X).

Chinese Medicine.

Tung Wah Hospital

Salaries and wages.

Food for staff and patients.

Western Medicine.

$

$

55,376.27

35,713.17

56,052.64

12.792.68

38,539.07

33,351.80

12,739.86

45,592.07

22,788.37

9,395.27

32,582.25

112,192.81

34,927.81

116,713.39

Kwong Wah Hospital

Tung Wah Eastern Hospital

32,847.94

Total.....

$

123,937.38

Table XIV.

THE FOLLOWING TABLE SHOWS THE COMPARATIVE NUMBERS OF CASES TREATED AT TUNG WAH HOSPITAL, KWONG WAH HOSPITAL AND TUNG WAH EASTERN HOSPITAL, DURING THE YEAR 1938.

Western Medicine.

Chinese Medicine.

Maternity

Hospitals.

Vaccination.

Eye

Baby

Deaths.

cases.

Clinic.

Clinic.

In-patients. Out-patients. In-patients: Out-patients.

Tung Wah Hospital

11,060

'22,255

5,695

211,438

1,946

12,796

15,239

1.508

4,398

Kwong Wah Hospital

13,925

25,689

4,958

216,321

4,102

2,185

3,148

503

689

Tung Wah Eastern Hospital

6,131

22,889

2,069

91,066

792

2,147

960

2,347

Total

31,116

70,833

12,722

518,825

6,840

17,228

19,347

2,011

13,635

C 29

]

一九三七年

1937.

Table XY.

蒲公施仁欸

BREWIN FUND.

千九百三十八年進支數

INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST DECEMBER, 1938.

進欸

INCOME.

一九三七年

支欸

1937.

EXPENDITURE.

卹欸

利息

$7,556.09

Interest

$8,279.55 $8,927.40

Gratuities

租項

酬金

210.00

Salaries

1,385.42

Rent

1,947.60

雜用

捐欸

28.04

Petty Expenses

1,006.94

Subscription

1,166.00

除支盈餘

$9,948.45

$11,393.15

783.01

$9,948.45

Surplus of Income over Expenditure

$8,032.00

160.00

37.05

3,164.10

$11,393.15

C 30

欠欵

蒲公施仁欸

BREWIN FUND (Contd.)

九三八年 年 結

BALANCE SHEET AS AT 31ST DECEMBER, 1938.

存款

ASSETS.

LIABILITIES.

屋宇

House Properties

$47,341.00

付項

按業

Deposit

$1,698.67

Mortgages

98,000.00

按業(已封租)

Mortgages (Possession entered)

36,132.58

按業人來往數

應收數項

*

Current Accounts with the Mortgagors

30.27

Accounts Receivable

1,233.00

上海銀行

積項

Hong Kong & Shanghai Bank:——

1

General Reserve

$190,014.52

活期存款 Current Account

$8,554.30

是年盈餘

Add Profit for the year

3,164.10

現銀

193,178.62

$194,907.56

Cash in hand

定期存款

Fixed Deposit

C 31

1,698.67

10,252.97

1.948.01

$194,907.56

Tung Wah Hospital, Kwong Wah Hospital

and Tung Wah Eastern Hospital.

Sd. CHÁU SHIU NG,

Chairman.

་

LO MIN NUNG,

Director.

I have audited the foregoing Statement with the books and Vouchers and find it to be in accordance therewith

以上數目及數部單據均經查核無訛

Sd. CHAU YUT U,

Hong Kong. 11th April, 1939.

Auditor.

:

Table XVII.

$

SUMMARY OF WORK DONE IN THE CHINESE PUBLIC DISPENSARIES During 1938.

C 32

Patients

Certificates

Patients

of cause

Patients removed to

+

Corpses removed to

Dead

infants

Dispensaries

of death

sent to

New Cases

Old Cases

issued

hospital

hospital by ambulance

hospital or

Vaccinations

mortuary

brought to dispensary

Central

32,958

28,962

39

1

27

40

14,113

Eastern

22,176

30,466

4

3

5

50

305

13,454

Western

28,826

13,770

90

9

22

15

419

12,555

Shaukiwan

32,309

54,620

19

52

1

380

16,081

Aberdeen

11,327

10,407

85

1

5,302

Harbour and Yaumati

61,428

47,332

31

104

11

170

30,053

Shamshuipo

45,417

36,338

13

48

11

27

372

38,015

Hung Hom

17,917

6,975

61

145

1

15

245

12,567

Kowloon City

23,065

22,037

47

136

7

33

311

17,065

Total for 1938

275,423

250,907

265

624

49

178

2,242

159,205

Total for 1937

264,589

238,527

322

837

66

858

2,067

61,693

Table XVIII.

WORK DONE IN GYNAECOLOGICAL CLINICS OF CHINESE PUBLIC DISPENSARIES IN 1938.

Dispensaries.

No. of Clinics

Total Number

New Cases

Old Cases

Average Atten-

dance per day

New

Old

1937

1938

1937

1938

1937

1938

1937

1938

1937

1938

C 33

50

47

1,059

888

389

331

670

557

21

18.9

Central

Eastern

43

44

1,353

1,584

503

591

850

993

31

36.0

Shaukiwan

Aberdeen

Yaumati

Shamshuipo

98

96

2,252

2,628

861

929

1,391

1,699

23

27.3

51

45

653

688

303

355

350

333

13

15.3

100

96

3,156

3,263

1,233

1,425

1,923

1,838

32

34.0

91

94

2,538

2,525

962

959

1,576

1,566

28

27.0

Hung Hom

48

48

895

963

418

430

477

533

19

20.6

Kowloon City

49

50

1,720

1,651

587

616

1,133

1,055

35

33.0

Kwong Wah Hospital

47

47

1,191

1,368

450

497

741

871

25

29.1

Total

577

567

14,817 15,558

5,706

6,133

9,111

9,425

26

27.4

Table XIX.

CHINESE PUBLIC DISPENSARIES.

STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS FOR THE YEAR ENDING 31ST DECEMBER, 1938.

C 34

To Balance

"

23

Receipts.

Grant by Hong Kong Government

Grant from General Chinese Charities Fund

Donations from:-

Prince's Theatre Pei Ho Theatre Taiping Theatre Po Hing Theatre

Expenditure.

€9

€

51,308.05 13,234.00 8,600.00

By Salaries to staff

Conveyance allowance to doctors and clerks Rent allowance to clerks and shroffs Pensions

47,834.24 1,821.52

900.00

780.00

1,200.00

1,000.00

Gratuities to coolies and messengers for

1,000.00

Chinese New Year

210.00

400.00

House rents for Aberdeen Dispensary

624.00

Ko Shing Theatre

120.00

22

Lee Theatre

120.00

3,840.00

Food for patients in Eastern Maternity

Hospital

1,869.65

Subscriptions:-

Land (Victoria City)

11,296.25

Harbour

9,172.70

Shaukiwan

1,608.75

"

Cost of drugs

Cost of bottles etc.

17,049.54

Motor services for delivery of drugs

534.60

194.84

Shamshuipo

1,777.48

Electric and gas charges

1,861.47

Hunghom

1,225.30

Telephone rentals

1,360.93

Kowloon City

1,470.40

Stationery, printing, advertisement and

Aberdeen

500.00

23

Donation from Conservancy Contractor,

Hunghom

Donations from firms, factories, docks, etc.

,, House rents from Man Wah School, Shaukiwan, and from 8 houses in Shek Kip Mei Street

Fees from Eastern Maternity Hospital,

Wanchai

Sales of bottles, etc.

27,050.88 2,625.00

stamps

1,889.75

Water account

603.83

Crown Rents

315.06

5"

2,750.00

Uniforms, shoes etc. for coolies and

messengers

519.95

""

2,420.00

Beddings for Eastern Maternity Hospital Furniture

20.88

44.00

""

Repairs

3,404.19

2,517.50 201.83

Refund of Loan (1937) to:-

""

General Chinese Charities Fund

25

Balance transferred from Local Committee

10,000.00

of Hunghom Dispensary

3,366.34

Yaumati Public Square Fund

10,000.00

20,000.00

*

Loan from General Chinese Charities Fund

Less amount refunded

24,000.00 17,000.00

"

Refund of expenses to Local Committee

7,000.00

of Shamshuipo Dispensary

1,392.32

Loan from Chinese Recreation Ground

Sundries

2,017.38

77

Fund

Loan from Yaumati Public Square Fund

Interest on:-

Hong Kong Goremment 4% Conversion

Loan

Fixed Deposit

1,000.00 11,000.00

Balances:

Hong Kong Government 4% Conver-

sion Loan

11,000.00

On Fixed Deposits

20,000.00

Current Account

Total.

泉右李

440.00

800.00

45.10

138,198.70

Cash

1,740.55

Advance to C.P.D. Clerks

210.00

32,950.55

1,285.10

Total..

138,198.70

Member of Committee.

W. J. CARRIE, Secretary for Chinese Affairs.

Table XX.

STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS OF THE CHINESE PERMANENT CEMETERY FOR 1938.

RECEIPT

AMOUNT

$

C.

PAYMENT

AMOUNT

C.

To Balance

Interest from Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank

40,263.68

By Rent of telephone

"1

Cost paid for removal of telephone

457.91

11

Wages for Yuen Cheung and gardeners Wages for Chau Wan Kok, etc.

189.00

13.50

1,515.00

480.00

Interest from fixed deposit on mortgage of houses

""

Wages from Dr. S. W. Ts'o for refilling vaults

1,944.00

Construction of the embankment, the Ti Chong Wong Temple, Coolies' Quarters, the Pavilion and the sewage, &c., by Yeung Tam Kee

13,098.47

496.00

''

Manure, flower pots, scythes and water buckets, etc. Cost of advertisement by the Wah Kiu Yat Po

80.05

176.00

Money collected and handed in by Dr. S. W. Ts'o on account of registration fee for probates and letters of administration

Printed matters and rubber stamps by the Wing Hang Shop Printed matters by Lai Shiu Tong

7.60

24.00

8.00

Printed matters, &c. by the Yau San Shop

4.50

Stationery supplied from the Yu Shing Shop

32.75

Sale of 292 lots

24,745.00

Minute books purchased from the Wing Fa Shop

1.55

,, Sale of the spare ground of the Cemetery

37

1,522.40

Fares paid to Hong Kong Hotel Garage for use of motor cars. Payment made to Mr. Fung Chun for cost c ́ a plan Stamps

8.15

85.00

77

Money for 67 lots, booked at the Tsun Wan Permanent

Cemetery

Crown Rent of the Cemetery

33.04 1.00

""

Crown Rent of wharf

1.00

""

100,500.00

Balance

154,186.28

37

Total

169,936.99

$

169,936.99

S. W. TS'O, Secretary.

T. N. CHAU, Treasurer.

By deposit with Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank

fixed deposit on mortgage of house No. 2A, High Street fixed deposit on mortgage of house No. 8A, Babington Path.....

Cash

Total

$125,811.47

8,000.00

20,000.00

374.81

$154,186.28

Examined and found correct,

(Sd.) IP LAN CHUN,

Auditor.

C 35

Receipt.

To Balance

Rents of stalls

Interest on money deposited in Treasury

,, Money deposited by lessee

Table XXI.

CHINESE RECREATION GROUND.

RECEIPT AND EXPENDITURE, 1938.

Expenditure.

€

By Wages of watchmen, etc.

991,00

3,300.21

Water account

257.77

""

Consumption of gas

272.25

15,979.40

27

Repairs

103.00

J?

Contributions to Aberdeen Industrial School:-

for maintenance

70.63

$7,000.00

for machinery

6,798.00

13,798.00

15.00

""

Contributions to Orphanage, Tai Po for maintenance of nine boys

540.00

Advance to Aberdeen Industrial School

J

1,100.00

23

Advance to Chinese Public Dispensaries Fund Miscellaneous

1,000.00

37.82

Balances:-

+--

Cash

Lessee's deposit

Total......

$19,365.24

$1,250.40

15.00

1,265.40

Total..

$19,365.24

W. J. CARRIE,

Secretary for Chinese Affairs.

C 36

Receipt.

Table XXII.

YAUMATI PUBLIC SQUARE, RECEIPT AND Expenditure, 1938.

Expenditure.

By Wages of watchmen, etc.

Water account

Electric lights

Crown Rent

Repairs

Contributions to Aberdeen Industrial School Advance to Chinese Public Dispensaries Fund Miscellaneous

To Balance

527.30

Rents of stalls

11,613.61

Refund of loan (1937) from Chinese Public Dispensaries

Fund

Interest on money deposited in Treasury

10,000.00

62.44

}}

11

Balance

Total...

$22,203.35

To Balance:-

"

Receipt.

On Fixed Deposits In Colonial Treasury

Miscellaneous receipts

Interest:-

On Fixed Deposits

On money deposited in Treasury

Table XXIII.

STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS OF PASSAGE MONEY FUND, 1938.

€9

963.00

492.80

78.18

1.00

283.50

8,000.00 11,000.00

29.46 1,355.91

Total......

$22,203.35

W. J. CARRIE, Secretary for Chinese Affairs.

Expenditure.

.$6,250.00 248.92

By Passage etc. to destitutes

Subscriptions:-

295.00

6,498.92 243.81

To Alice Memorial Hospital To Eyre Diocesan Refuge

$50.00 85.00

135.00

Balance:-

$ 125.00

On Fixed Deposits

In Colonial Treasury

.$6,250.00 195.57

6,445.57

132.84

Total.....

$6,875.57

Total..

$6,875.57

W. J. CARRIE,

Secretary for Chinese Affairs.

--C 37 ----

Table XXIV.

GENERAL CHINESE CHARITIES FUND.

STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS FROM 1ST JANUARY TO 31ST DECEMBER, 1938.

C 38

RECEIPTS

$ C.

EXPENDITURE

C.

To Balance

37

Surplus money transferred from:

Che Kung Temple. Shatin

Chuk Neung Temple. Kowloon City Fook Tak Che, Shaukiwan

Hau Wong Temple, Tai O

Hung Shing Temple, Yaumati

Hau Wong Temple, Kowloon City

$ 500.00 50.00 1,000.00

20,976.30

By grants to:-

Tung Wah Hospital for expenses

23,272.77

Chinese Public Dispensaries Fund for expenses

8,000.00

72.00

Hong Kong Society for the Protection of Children Children's Playground Association

500.00

200.00

1,029.80

7,500.00

Home for the Aged

800.00

Hung Shing Temple, Aplichau

250.00

Hung Shing Temple, Wantsai

1,422.50

Kwong Fook Che, Tai Ping Shan

3,075.44

St. John Ambulance Brigade for New Territories medical

work and Haw Par Hospital for 1938

500.00

Kwun Yum Temple, Yaumati

4,374.00

Emergency Relief Council

1,000.00

Kwun Yum Temple. Che Wan Shan

500.00

Tung Wali and Associated Hospitals

$121,000.00

Kwun Yum Temple, Aplichau

250.00

Mo Tai Temple, Shamshuipo

800.00

Chinese Public Dispensaries Fund for expenses

13,234.00

Pak Tai Temple. Cheung Chau Island

1,200.00

Po Leung Kuk for expenses

17,000.00 151,234.00

Pak Tai Temple, Shamshuipo

350.00

Sam Tai Tsz Temple, Shamshuipo

2,600.00

Shing Wong Temple, Bridges Street

1,000.00

Tin Hau Temple, Yaumati

5,371.03

Tam Kung Temple, Sung Wong Toi

500.00

Tam Kung Temple, Wong Nei Chung

500.00

Tam Kung Temple, Shaukiwan

200.00

Tin Hau Temple. To Kwa Wan

100.00

To Ti Temple, Shaukiwan

100.00

Tin Hau Temple, Wong Nei Chung

100.00

Tai O Kaifong for the expenses of the fire-engine for 1988 Cheung Chau Kaifong for the expenses of the Kaifong Fong Pin Sho for the 2nd, 3rd, & 4th quarters of 1937 and the 1st quarter of 1938

Amount loaned to Chinese Public Dispensaries Fund

Architect's fee for making a report on the Tin Hau Temple,

Fat Tong Mun

72.00

200.00

24,000.00

100.00

97

21

Grant from Hong Kong Government

Tin Hau Temple. Shamshuipo

To Ti Temple, Lan Kwai Fong

Yi Pak Kung Temple. Quarry Bay

Transfer of interest from Chinese Temples Fund

Amount refunded by Chinese Public Dispensaries Fund

800.00

50.00

Grant to Hung Hom Kaifong in aid of the fund for the extension

of the Free School

2,500.00

300.00 33,994.77

Amount contributed to Cheung Chau Kaifong towards the

expenses for the repairing of the Fong Pin Sho

414.84 151,234.00 27,000.00

1,000.00

""

Salary

180.00

Balance

>

11

Interest

11.

459,85

20,520.99

Total

.$234,079.76

Total

.$ 234,079.76

W. J. CARRIE,

Secretary for Chinese Affairs.

TANG SHIU KIN,

Member of Chinese Temple Committee.

Receipts

C 39

Table XXV.

CHINESE TEMPLES FUND,

STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS FROM 1ST JANUARY TO 31ST DECEMBER, 1938.

C.

Expenditure

$

C.

To Balance

$$

Bent from Temples Keepers of:-

Che Kung Temple, Shatin

Chuck Trung Tone, Kowloon fily

Fook Tak Che, Shankiwan

Has Wong Temple, Kowloon City

Bau Wong Temple, Tai ( Bung Shing Temple, Wantsai Hung Shing Temple, Yaumali Hung Shing Temple, Tai O Bung Shing Temple, Aplichau Kwan Yum Temple, Yaumati

Kwong Fook Che, Tai Ping Shan

Kwun Yum Temple, thing Blom Kwun Yun Temple, Che Wan Sban

kwon Youn Temple, Aplichau

Awan Tai Temple. Tai

Mo Tai Temple, Shamshuipo

Pak Tai Temple, Bung Hom

Pak Tai Temple, Wautsai

Pak Tai Temple, Cheung Chau Island

Pak Tai Temple, Sha ushaipo

Shaun Thi Temple, Ma Tu Chung Sam Tai Tsz Temple, Shamshuipa She Tan, Hung Ho a

Tin Han Temple, Yaumali

Tam Kung Temple, Sung Wong Toi

$ 2,982.00

125.00

436.00

10,175.00

1 422.50

1 029.80

37,50

1 102.50

540 00

430.00

9.17

**

630,00

195.00

2,585 00

2 000 00

335 00 286,00 3.200.00 25.00

5 371.03

2 800 00

Shing Wong Temple, Bridges Street

Tam Kung Temple, Wong Nei Chung

700 00

Tam Kung Temple, Shaukiwan

1 120 00

Tin Hau Temple, Hoi Chung Sum Island, To Kwa Wan

29,328 85 By maintenance of Chinese Public School in Kowloon Cily

5,195 90

**

Grants to

Chinese Public Dispensary, Hung Hom for the year 1938 Lok. Shin Tong, Kowloon City for 1938

$ 600,00

300.00

The Kaifong of Hung lion for the expenses of the Free School in

Kwan Yum Temple, Hung Homi

1,200.00

Ping Chao Free School

170.00

518 50

2,270.00

Expenses for holding threatrical performances at:--

Kowloon City

$ 500.00

Aplichian

500.00

Cheung Chau Island

1.000.00

4 374 00

Ma Tan Chung

50.00

3 07544

1 650.00

802 75

Steamshipo

Shatin

Tai ·O

Annual subscription In Confucius So lely for expenses of the Free School at

Yuk Thi Kung, Wautsai

1

Repairs (or

Han Wong Temple, Kowloon City

Hung Shing Temple, Aplichan

Kwun Yun Temple, Che Wan' Shan Pak Tai Temple, Cheung Chau Island

Sheung Tai Temple, Ma Tau Chung Tin Hau Temple, Aberdeen

Tin Hau Temple, Shaukiwan

300.00

300.00

200.00

2,850.00

520.00

$ 85.00

138:00

200.00

1,100.00

96.00

287.00

1 216.80

175.00

Tin Hau Temple, Shamshuipo

Tin Hau Temple, Ping Chau Island

Tin Hau Temple, Stanley

Yi Pak Kung Temple, Quarry Bay

To Ti Temple, Lan Kwai Fong

To Ti Temple, Shaukiwan

Tin Hau Temple, Abcrduen

Tin Hau Temple, Shaukiwan

Tin Hau Temple, To Kwa Wan

Tin Hau Temple, Wong Nei Chung

Tin Hau Temple, loi Chung Sum Island, To Kwa Wan ..........

Tin Hau Temple, Shamshuipo

Tin Hau Temple, Tsing I Island

1 610.00

35.00 152 00 442.50

100 00

40.00

*

Tin Hau Temple, Stanley

Transfer to General Chinese Charities Fund

230.00 3,300.00

6.827.80 34,409.61

260 00

183.70

"

Refund of deposits as security to the Temple Keepers of:-

961 25

170 00

50 00

642.00

52,703.64

House Rents:--

Property of Han Wong Temple, Kowloon City

Tin Hau Temple, Shankiwan

Che Kung Temple, Shatin

Hau Wong Temple, Kowloon City.

Hau Wong Temple, Tai O

Jung Shing Temple, Aplichna

Kwan Yum Temple, Aplichau

Pak Tai Temple, Wantsai

Tara Kung Temple, Sung Wong Toi

Tin Hau Temple, Ping Chan Island Tin Hau Temple, Shaukiwa Tin Hau Temple, Shamshtipo

€ 500.00

1,875.00

90,50

202.50

80.00

300.00

142.75

35.00

100.25

370.00

Yi Pak Kung Temple, Quarry Bay

62.50

8928.00

3,758.50

}

337.24

Rent in respect of Nos. 33 and 35 Bridges Street (Shing Wong Temple) from

3.12.37 2.12.1938, at $160.00 per month

1,920.00

1,265,24

+7

41

Price for Stanley Lot 3 (Sam Shing Kung Temple, Stanley) from St. Stephen's

College, Stanley

Gratuity to Lo Ping Nam, ex. teple keeper of Tin Hau Temple, Hoi Chung Sum

Island, To Kwa Wan

600.00

1,000.00

Advertisemcul

11

"

Grant from Educational Department for Chinese Public School, Kowloon City

Interest

191.50

1,440.00

IT

Architect's fee for services rendered in supervising of repairs to temples

158,50

502.68

Water Accommi

122.82

Crown Real

11

98.68

Rale

76.50

1

Bent in respect of No. 4 Lau Kwai Fong To Ti Temple) from January to

December, 1038

60 00

Meler Rental

"

19.00

Stationery and printing

Revenue stamps

5.00

2.10

Totul

Balance

.$

86,240.41

27,155.20

Total

$

86,240.41

W. J. CARRIE,

Secretary for Chinese Affairs.

TANG SHU KIN,

Chinese Temples Committee.

Table XXVI.

ABERDEEN INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL.

STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS FOR THE YEAR ENDING 31ST DECEMBER, 1938.

C 40

Receipt.

Expenditure.

$

To Balance

295.48

By Maintenance allowance to the School Management

18,750.00

Contributions:-

Machinery

8,655.65

"

from Chinese Recreation Ground Fund .$7,000.00

from Yaumati Public Square Fund

Shower baths

1,798.00

8,000.00

15,000.00

Musical instruments

500.00

77

Special contribution from Chinese Recreation Ground Fund:

Travelling expenses for students

115.20

for Machinery

.$5,000.00

Crown Rents

48.00

for Shower baths

1,798.00

6,798.00

33

Advance from Chinese Recreation Ground Fund

1,100.00

Water meter rentals and fire service installation

Printing and receipt stamps

93.12

12.10

School fees

.$7,080.00

23

Porcelain photographs

114.60

less refund

160.00

6,920.00

Miscellaneous

11

9.00

Balance

17.81

Total...

$30,113.48

Total...

$30,113.48

W. J. CARRIE,

Secretary for Chinese Affairs.

Appendix D.

REPORT OF THE HARBOUR MASTER AND DIRECTOR

OF AIR SERVICES FOR THE YEAR 1938.

The year 1938 once more showed a further decrease in the amount of shipping using the Port of Hong Kong. Details of the comparison between the years 1937 and 1938 will be found in Table II.

2. Vessels employed in foreign trade entering and clearing showed a net decrease of 9,112 vessels and 6,661,340 tons, while local shipping showed a net increase of 2,862 vessels but a decrease of 206,664 tons.

3. British ocean-going shipping shows a decrease of 326 in numbers with a decrease of 312,456 tons.

4. Foreign ocean-going shipping shows a decrease of 2,070 vessels with a decrease of 5,133,209 tons. This large decrease is due to the complete cessation of Chinese shipping for the full year and the large decrease of Japanese shipping due to the Sino-Japanese conflict.)

5. The River-steamer trade shows a net decrease of 915 vessels and 212,044 tons. Foreign river-steamers have decreased by 1,191 in numbers and 614,251 tons, but British river steamers have increased by 276 vessels and 402,207 tons-there being two more vessels put on the Hong Kong to Macao service.

6. The Junk trade given in Tables IX to XI shows decreases in numbers and tonnage, in both Foreign and local trade. These decreases may be attributed to the continued Sino-Japanese conflict.)

7. In steamships not exceeding 60 tons there is a decrease in both numbers and tonnage. Details of launches entering and clearing are given in Tables XII and XIII.

8. On the 31st December, 1938, there were 229 launches and 200 motor boats

employed in the harbour; of these 352 were licensed for the conveyance of passengers, 24 steam launches and 24 motor boats belonged to the Colonial Government, two steam launches, one steel motor barge and one motor launch belonged to the Military Authorities and nine steam launches, eight steam pinnaces. and eight motor boats belonged to the Naval Authorities. There are also a number of motor yachts and motor boats owned for pleasure and private purposes.

Of the 352 vessels licensed for the conveyance of passengers, 167 were licensed for Class I, 69 for Class II, 57 for Class III and 59 for Class IV.

9. 507 engagements and 519 discharges of coxswains and engineers were recorded.

10. The passenger trade and number of emigrants departing from and arriving at this port are shown in Tables XXII to XXVIII.

11. Details of bunker coal and oil fuel shipped which will be found in Table XXIX show a decrease of 38,055 tons in bunker coal and 415 tons of fuel oil as compared with 1937.

12. The nationality of crews in British and Foreign ships is shown in Table VII.

·

- D 2

13. 49 ships were registered under the provisions of the Merchant Shipping Acts and 17 Certificates of Registry were cancelled. Details are given in Tables XX and XXI. The fees collected amounted to $2,969.00 as compared with $1,119.00 in 1937.

14. 30,222 seamen were engaged and 29,227 discharged at the Mercantile Marine Office and on board ships as compared with 30,921 engaged and 31,725 discharged in 1937.

15. 223 seamen were received and admitted to the Sailors' Home and boarding houses, of these the following were repatriated as distressed British seamen :-52 to the United Kingdom, 56 to Shanghai, 7 to Calcutta, 6 to Vancouver, 13 to Singapore, 2 to Aden, 1 to Malta, 1 to Marseilles, 1 to Kobe, 1 to Rangoon, 13 were re-employed in ships being signed on Articles and 70 obtained employment in the Colony.

16.

$3,776.96 was expended by the Harbour Master on behalf of the Board of Trade in the relief of these distressed seamen.

17. The Mercantile Marine Assistance Fund Committee held

Fund Committee held one meeting during the year. Three cases were investigated, and five were granted temporary relief. One officer was repatriated to Singapore and the widow of an officer who died in 1937 was granted a passage home. The total sum disbursed during 1938 was $6,727.94, which includes $1,299.51 for passages.

18. A statement of the surveys and examinations carried out by the Government Marine Surveyor and his staff is set out in Table XXX. The vessels surveyed for passenger certificates totalled 97 of 407,428 tons gross as compared with 92 of 374,896 tons gross in 1937, showing an increase of 5 vessels and 22,532

tons.

19. 49 vessels were surveyed at Taikoo Dockyard, 39 at Kowloon Dockyard, one at W.S. Bailey's Dockyard, three at the Cosmopolitan Dockyard, four at Chinese shipyards and two at Japan.

20. The following is a comparison of tonnage and nationalities of the various vessels granted passenger certificates at Hong Kong during the year 1938.

British 83 vessels of 372,939 tons gross.

Norwegian 10 Danish

""

3

32

وو

French

1

".

25,145 7.763

1,581

""

"

وو

""

21. Passenger certificates were

Passenger & Safety.

issued for the following trades :—

International voyages 17

Short

39

J

وو

33

Coasting voyages

24

River Trade

2

Class III

River Trade

15

22. One vessel of 3,113 tons (gross) was surveyed and granted a bottom certificate during the year as compared with four vessels of 23,145 tons (gross) in 1937.

23. 79 passenger vessels and 70 cargo ships were surveyed for radio- telegraphy certificates during the year as compared with 72 passenger vessels and 54 cargo vessels in 1937.

•

24. 74 vessels, of which 43 were British and 31 Foreign, were surveyed for emigration certificates during the year as compared with 95 vessels in 1937.

25. 39 vessels were surveyed for load lines during the year as compared with 36 in 1937. Of these, 26 were British vessels registered in Hong Kong and 13 Foreign.

་ ་ ་ ་ ་ ་ ་ ་

......

D 3

26. 152 new lifeboats and 216 units of standard buoyant apparatus were surveyed during construction at the makers' works during the year as compared with 98 and 519 respectively in 1937.

27. 14,925 new lifejackets were examined and stamped at the makers' works during the year as compared with 16,330 in 1937.

28. 606 surveys were carried out on steam launches and motor boats during the year as compared with 610 in 1937.

29. There were no Marine Courts of Inquiry during the year.

30.

450 cases were heard in the Marine Magistrate's Court during the year. The principal offences being, Boarding ships without permission of the Master, lying inshore during prohibited hours without a permit, making fast to ships under- way without permission of the Master and failing to exhibit Regulation lights.

31. Examinations for certificates of competency as masters, mates and engineers were held under Board of Trade regulations.

29 candidates were examined for master, 13 passed. Nine were examined for first mate, four passed. There were no candidates for examination as second mate. Ten were examined for first class engineer's certificate (ordinary) and three passed. Five were examined for second class engineer (ordinary), three passed. Of the two who were examined for first class engineer's certificate (motor), one passed. Two candidates were examined for second class engineer's certificate (motor) and one passed. Six passed for first class motor endorsement.

32. Under Section 37 of Ordinance 10 of 1899, 79 candidates were examined for certificates as coxswains and 66 passed. 109 were examined as engineers and 105 passed.

held.

33.

24 Pilots' licences were renewed during the year. No examinations were

34. 2701 Sunday cargo working permits were issued during the year, of which 258 were used for working from midnight to 6 a.m., 973 from 6 a.m. to 6

p.m., and 327 from 6 p.m. to midnight, the remainder being returned as unused and cancelled.

35. Table XXXII gives details of vessels signalled etc. at the lighthouses and signal stations.

36. Government moorings were used during the year as follows:—

A class

B class

3,359 days. 5,840 days.

C class

464 days.

In addition, these were used by Naval vessels and transports for 73 days.

The following moorings were in position on the 31st December.

A class 17, B class 27 and C class 4, a total of 48 including 12 special typhoon A class moorings. Permission was granted for the maintenance of 48 private buoys and moorings and the fees received amounted to $2,645.00.

37. The revenue and expenditure of the department are shown in Tables XXXIII and XXXIV. Light dues for 1938 show a decrease of $96,417 which can only be attributed to less tonnage visiting the port.

38. Increases are shown under a number of sub-heads of revenue, the largest being under the headings Air Services, boat fees and surveys of steamships, while miscellaneous receipts also show a large increase over 1937, due to the sale of the tug "Kau Sing" which took place during the year.

— D 4 ·

39. Details of licences, etc. issued and revenue collected will be found in Tables XXXVII and XXXVIII.

40. The Government slipway and coaling depot at Yaumati was kept busy throughout the year in routine slipping, repairing and fuelling of Government craft.

7,500 tons of coal were received and 7,421 tons were issued:

6,400 gallons of kerosene were received and 7,711 gallons were delivered (including deliveries from stock at end of 1937).

12,600 gallons of petrol were received and 12,538 gallons were delivered.

2,193 tons of bunker fuel oil were received and delivered.

94 tons of power diesel oil were received and 104 tons were delivered (including deliveries from stock at end of 1937).

.41. Government launches were slipped, aggregating seventy five times at regular intervals during the year and the slip was occupied 318 days.

42. A short summary of the facilities offered by the port of Hong Kong is attached.

9th February, 1939.

G. F. HOLE,

Harbour Master.

D 5

AIR SERVICES, 1938.

1. The continued growth of civil aviation caused a large increase in the amount of traffic handled at Kai Tak Airport; for example, the number of passengers arriving and departing has risen from 3,685 in 1937 to 9,969 in the year under review. Hong Kong was included in the Empire "all-up" air mail scheme in September and from that date Imperial Airways, Ltd. operated their service to Bangkok twice instead of once weekly and services were often duplicated. In August Air France extended its Paris-Hanoi service to Hong Kong and the following air lines now maintain regular schedules from the airport:-

Imperial Airways, Ltd. twice weekly to Bangkok connecting with the England- Australia trunk route.

Air France, once weekly to Paris, via Hanoi.

Pan American Airways once weekly to San Francisco via Manila.

China National Aviation Corporation and Eurasia Aviation Corporation to Kweilin and Chungking.

EFFECT OF SINO-JAPANESE CONFLICT.

2. On the morning of the 24th August a Douglas D.C.2 air liner of C.N.A.C., outward bound, was forced down by Japanese aircraft 30 minutes after leaving Hong Kong. The American pilot, Chinese radio operator and one passenger escaped but the remaining 14 passengers were either killed by machine gun bullets or drowned when the aircraft sank in the river on which it had been forced to descend.

A Junkers J.U. 52 aircraft of Eurasia was fired at by Japanese machines when flying from Hong Kong to Luchow on 5th September. The aircraft was hit by 10 bullets but there were no casualties and the journey was safely completed.

These incidents led to the temporary suspension of the services until night flying operations were inaugurated. C.N.A.C. and Eurasia now operate in and out of Hong Kong entirely between sunset and sunrise.

The fall of Hankow and Canton to the Japanese entailed the abandonment of air services to these towns, but very heavy loads of passengers and mails are carried to those places in China still accessible by air.

}

THE FAR EAST FLYING TRAINING SCHOOL, LTD.

3. This school maintained a fleet of five aeroplanes during the year which flew a total of 1,900 hours, including the training of the Air Arm of the Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps, six Reserve of Air Force Officers and 28 pupils for flying licences, and 160 hours for Army Co-operation purposes. Twenty-six Government certificates were awarded to pupils of the engineering section of the company.

AERODROME EQUIPMENT.

4. A new 1,200,000 c.p. floodlight has been installed on the north boundary of the landing area to replace the one destroyed in the typhoon of September, 1937.

A semi-permanent terminal building has been erected near the sea wall for traffic arriving by flying boat services.

ACCIDENTS.

5. No accident to aircraft causing injury to personnel occurred within the Colony.

STATISTICS.

6. Revenue, expenditure and figures for the year's working are shown in the accompanying Tables.

G. F. HOLE,

9th February, 1939.

Director of Air Services.

- D 6

FACILITIES OF THE PORT OF HONG KONG.

The Harbour of Hong Kong forms a natural anchorage for a great number of vessels. During the typhoon season there are special moorings and anchorages to which vessels can move with immunity from danger. There are available the latest type of steam fire-floats, and the harbour is efficiently patrolled day and night by water police launches. Competent pilots are available to meet vessels at either entrance of the harbour by day or by night.

2. All the Buoys in the Harbour are owned by the Government. There are 48 in all, 17 "A" Class for ships from 450 ft. to 600 ft. in length, 27 "B" Class for ships from 300 ft. to 450 ft. in length, and 4 "C" Class for ships of less than 300 ft. in length. The charges are $16, $12 and $8 per day respectively.

3. The wharf and godown companies have berthing accommodation for 12 vessels from 650 to 750 feet in length. Maximum depth of water alongside the wharves is 36 feet L.W.O.S.T.

4. Fresh water pipes are laid alongside.

5.

There is a total storage capacity in the Colony for approximately 883,000 tons, of which 537,000 can be stored in Victoria on the Island of Hong Kong and 346,000 on the mainland at Kowloon point. The three largest public warehouse companies have storage capacity for 99,100 tons on the Hong Kong side and for 407,400 tons on the Kowloon side, the remainder being divided up between the numerous native owned warehouses of small capacity in both Hong Kong and Kowloon.

6.

Both groups of wharves at Kowloon Point have Rail connection with the Kowloon-Canton Railway, giving direct Rail communication with Canton. There are daily sailings by coasting Companies' ships carrying cargo and passengers to all river and coast ports of Southern China, and to ports in the Far Eastern trade, as well as almost daily departures by ocean steamers to overseas ports.

7. Ample bunkering facilities are provided by private stocks of Coal averaging 60,000 tons, of which about one third is North China Coal, and the remainder Japanese and Formosan.

8. The average stock of Fuel Oil for Commercial bunkering is 55,000 tons. One oil company has berthing facilities for 2 vessels and another company for 1 vessel alongside the Oil installation, with a water depth of 28 feet and 23 feet L.W.O.S.T. respectively. Delivery can be given up to 600 tons an hour from wharf and 350 tons an hour from lighters.

9. There are two large Dock Companies with Dry Docks capable of taking vessels up to 750 feet on the Blocks. The Docks have a depth on the sills up to 34 feet 6 in. H.W.O.S.T. In addition there are five Patent slipways capable of handling ships up to 390 feet in length and 4,000 tons displacement.

There are several smaller yards mostly owned by Chinese, dealing with repairs to small craft and light work.

10. The principal Dock Companies have adequate facilities for the construction of ships of large tonnage, and for the prompt effecting of extensive repairs. There is also a thoroughly up-to-date salvage plant, and tugs are available.

11. A Waterboat Company, drawing its water from Government reservoirs, has a fleet of eight vessels and there are three other smaller companies operating five vessels, carrying from 200 to 270 tons each.

12.

·

The Harbour has a depth ranging from 24 to 78 feet L.W.O.S.T. The rise of Tide is about eight feet O.S.T.

13.

There are no Tonnage Dues.

- D 7

14. The Government imposes Light dues of two and four-tenth cents per ton on all Ocean ships, and nine-tenth of a cent per ton on all River steamers which enter the waters of the Colony. The Sterling value of the above rates at $1=1s./8d. is converted back into dollars at the average opening selling rate on London for the previous month.

15. Charges for permission for ships of 400 to 5,000 tons, and over, to work cargo on Sunday are as follows:-

From Midnight to 6 a.m.

From 6 a.m. to 6 p.m.

From 6 p.m. to Midnight

$25 to $ 87.50

$50 to $175.00

$25 to $ 87.50

16. A large number of Motorboats, Steam Launches and Sampans are available for communication between ships at buoys and the shore. A frequent service of Ferry Launches is maintained between Hong Kong Island and all parts of the mainland, and also a Vehicular Ferry service from Hong Kong to Kowloon.

17. The Government maintains a Commercial Wireless Telegraph Station at Cape D'Aguilar which has an average day range of 500 miles, and a night range of 1,500 miles. Continuous watch is kept.

TABLE I.

Summary of Arrivals and Departures of All Vessels.

D 8

1937

1938.

FOREIGN

Vessels

Tons

Crews

Vessels

Tons

Crews

British Ships Entered

British Ships Cleared

Foreign Ships Entered

Foreign Ships Cleared

Steamships under 60 tons Entered

Steamships under 60 tons Cleared

Junks Entered

5,147

8,935,444

453,758 5,111

8,953,525

428,956

5,137

8,882,905

450,807

5,123

8,954,575

424,615

3,484

8,342,148

275,591

1,836

5,431,258

157,472

3,451

8,312,020

273,857

1,838

5,475,450

158,845

2,034

52,886

25,722

788

24,365

10,011

2,048

53,397

25,981

797

24,559

10,216

6,189

801,465

59,665

4,609

329,899

36,671

Junks Cleared

6,292

811,459

61,477

4,568

336,753

36,153

Total of all vessels Entered

16,854

18,131,943 814,736 12,344

14,739,047

633,110

Total of all vessels Cleared

16,928

18,059,781

812,122 12,326

14,791,337

629,829

Total of all vessels Entered and Cleared in Foreign Trade

33,782

36,191,724 1,626,858 24,670

29,530,384

1,262,939

LOCAL TRADE

Steamlaunches Entered

9,645

324,510

113,465 9,533

325,965

115,855

Steamlaunches Cleared

9,734

330,209

113,897

9,539

327,660

115,917

Total Launches Entered and Cleared

19,379

654,719

227,362 19,072

.653,625

231,772

Junks Entered

9,936

331,259

85,611 11,381

413,004

93,973

Junks Cleared

10,160

653,058

93,456

11,884

365,743

98,461

Total Junks Entered and Cleared

20,096

984,317

179,067 23,265

778,747

192,434

Total Local Trade (Launches & Junks) Entered & Cleared

39,475

1,639,036

406,429

42,337 1,432,372

424,206

Grand Total (Foreign and Local Trade)

73,257

37,830,760 2,033,287 67,007 30,962,756 1,687,145

TABLE IJ.

Comparison Between the Years 1937 and 1938 of All Shipping Entering and Clearing at Ports in the Colony.

Increase.

D 9

1937.

1938.

Decrease.

Class of Vessels.

No.

Tonnage

No.

Tonnage No. Tonnage

No.

Tonnage

British Ocean Going

4,322

11,709,589

3,996

11,397,133 326

312,456

Foreign Ocean Going

5,202

15,920,808

3,132

10,787,599

2,070 5,133,209

British River Steamers

5,962

6,108,760

6,238

6,510,967

276

402,207

Foreign River Steamers

1,733

733,360

542

119,109 1,191

614,251

Steamships under 60 tons

4,082

106,283

1,585

48,924 2,497

57,359

Junks, Foreign Trade

12,481

1,612,924

9,177

Total, Foreign Trade

33,782

36,191,724 24,670

29,530,384

Steamlaunches, Local Trade

19,379

654,719 19,072

666,652 3,304

9,388

653,625 307

946,272

7,063,547

276

402,207

1,094

Junks, Local Trade

20,096

984,317

23,265

778,747

205,570

3,169

Grand Total

73,257

37,830,760

67,007

30,962,756 9,695

7,270,211 3,445

402,207

Net

6,250

6,868,004

TABLE III.

Number, Tonnage, and Crews, of Foreign-Going Vessels Entered at Ports in the Colony of Hong Kong from each Country in the Year 1938.

BRITISH.

FOREIGN.

GRAND TOTAL.

COUNTRIES WHENCE ARRIVED.

Vessels.

Tons.

Crews..

Vessels.

Tons..

Crews.

Vessels.

Tons.

Crews.

Australia & Pacific Islands including New Zealand

41

132,914

4,557

16

57,976

1,623

57

190,890

6,180

British North Borneo

23

50,696

2,119

12

17,642

789

35

68,338

2,908

Canada

31

319,039

13,599

31

319,039

13,599

India, including Mauritius

96

331,460

12,566

44

82,512

3,250

140

413,972

15,816

South Africa

16

50,585

742

15

78,569

2,540

31

129,154

3,282

Straits Settlements & F. M. S.

30

63,055

3,613

37

75,660

3,171

67

138,715

6,784

United Kingdom

135 728,827

16,160

12

72,666

1,968

147

796,493

18,128

China

909

1,646,496 85,911

386.

958,914

35,832

1,295

2,605,410

121,743

(River Steamers)

1,473

1,378,999 105,186

1,473

1,378,999

105,186

(Steamships under 60 tons)

542

16,773

7,386

542

16,773

7,386

(Junks)

4,304

285,746

33,695

4,304

285,746

33,695

Denmark ......

15

77,790

602

15

77,790

602

Europe, Not specially mentioned

14

75,327

1,061

12

43,754

436

26

119,081

1,497

.France

40

268,855

7,211

40

268,855

7,211

Formosa

13,975

335

26

38,582

1,361

31

52,557

1,696

Germany

13,312

172

99

518,785

9,364

101

532,097

9,536

Holland

39

169,216

2,606

24

183,989

2,401

63

303,205

5,007

Italy

41

327,749

10,417

41

327,749

10,417

French Indo China

248

388,311

20,539

137

159,794

9,080

385

548,105

29,619

Japan

184

819,475

23,399

212

1,035,191

23,353

396

1,854,666

46,752

Macao

10

7,715

487

13

8,395

692

23

16,110

1,179

(River Steamers)

1,647

1,877,473

112,310

273

59,870

10,036

1,920

1,937,343

122,346

(Steamships under 60 tons)

246

7,592

2,625

246

7,592

2,625

(Junks)

305

44,153

2,976

305

44,153

2,976

Netherland East Indies

33

108,281

1,703

128

433,501

11,987

161

541,782

13,690

Philippine Islands

33

291,897

11,555

39

195,640

3,219

72

487,537

14,774

Russia in Asia

3,658

145

2

6,680

201

4

10,338

346

Siam

South America

48

75,722

4,052

122

149,791

8,578

170

225,513

12,630

8

45,539

803

8

45,539

803

United States of America

92

412,092

6,139

107

528,101

7,985

199

940,193

14,124

Sweden

16

55,313

573

16

55,313

573

Total

5,111

8,953,525

428,956

7,233

5,785,522

204,154

12,344

14,739,047

633,110

D 10

—

TABLE IV.

Number, Tonnage, and Crews of Foreign-Going Vessels Cleared in the Colony of Hong Kong to each Country in the Year 1938.

BRITISH.

FOREIGN.

GRAND TOTAL.

COUNTRIES TO WHICH DEPARTED.

Vessels.

Tons.

Crews. Fuel Oil.

Bunker

. Coal.

Vessels.

Tons.

Crews.

Fuel Oil.

Bunker

Coal.

Vessels.

Tons.

Crews.

Bunker

Fuel Oil.

Coal.

Australia & Pacific Islands including New

D 11 -

Zealand

British North Borneo

43 130,936

4,475

10,657

5,795

16

21

45,617

2,021

6,250

67

56.618

1,603

3,850

59

187,554

6,078

10,657

9,645

13,494

579

1 340

28

59,111

2,600

7,590

Canada

India including Mauritius

25 286.037

13,002

25

286,037

13,002

111

396.555

14,562

380

7,080

69

South Africa

3 .9,492

235

Straits Settlements & F. M. S.

29 79,243

2,789

1,278

4.670

United Kingdom

110 634.638

15,532

18,599

3,700

8288

217,548

5,032

3,795

180

614,103

19,594

380

10,875

12

79,807

2,282

200

15

89,299

2,517

200

39 75,166 3,092

105

3,250

68

154,409

5,881

1,383

7,920

30 186,773

4,771

2,400

140

821,411

20,303

20,999

3,700

China

965 1,785,822

83,774

3,026

104,244

455 1,207.567 42,216

3,677

34,070

1,420

2,993 389

125,990

6,703

138,314

(River Steamers)

1,466 1,376 212

105,186

225

45,503

1,466

1,376,212

105,186

225

45,503

(Steamships under 60 tons)

538

(Junks)

4,254

16,620

288,173

7,401

538

16,620

7,401

32,584

4,254

288,173

32,584

Denmark

11 56,577

444

11

56,577

444

Europe, not specially mentioned

2,220

31

13

57,426

750

1,050

14

59,646

781

1,050

France

Formosa

Germany

34

231,767

6,482

898

428

34

231,767

6,482

898

428

15,483

267

240

38

56,432

1,953

500

1,818

44

71,915

2,220

500

2,058

31,310

479

120

48

290,099

5,623

1,625

56

321.409

6,102

1,745

Italy

Holland

French Indo China

Japan

10 52.992

604

10

52,992

604

mxxx.com

21

229,379

8,109

1,282

765

21

229.379

8,109

1,282

765

293

491,363

21,853

724

47,700

159

251,921

10,108

65

15,490

452

743,284

31,961

789

63,190

193

961,231

24,580

20,570

23,284

183

925,242

20,368

2,701

6,126

376

1,886,473

44,948

23,271

29,410

Macao

9

8,935

550

141

15

9,066

816

280

24

18,001

1,366

421

(River Steamers)

1,652 1,878,283

112,310

21,822

269

59,239

10,036

323

662

1,921

1,937,522

122,346

323

22,484

(Steamships under 60 tons)

259

7,939

2,815

259

7,939

2,815

(Junks)

314 48,580

3,569

314

48,580

3,569

Netherland East Indies

35 112,888

1,698

1,270

3,639

101

330,387 10,335

450

3,100

136

443,275

12,033

1,720

6,739

Philippine Islands

41. 356,591

12,243

3,520

74

302,470

4,750

54

1,499

115

659,061

16,993

54

5,019

Russia in Asia

5 11,236

377

1,110

2

5,913

202

400

7

17,149

579

1,510

Siam

South America

Enited States of America

Sweden

46

76,894

4,020

13,783

105 122,233

7,555

31

165,691

3,278

61 263,589

4,631

1,372

985

86 455.963

7,501

635

10 35,680

356

1138

32,535

151

199,127

11,575

46,318

31

165,691

3,278

147

719,552

12,132

2,007

987

30

10

35,680

356

30

Total

5,123 8,954,575

424,615 58,101 293,586

7,203 5,836,762

205,214 13,120 112,285

12,326 14,791,337

629,829

71,221

405,871

D 12

TABLE V.

Number, Tonnage and Crews of Foreign Going Vessels of each Nation entered at

Ports in the Colony of Hong Kong in the year 1938.

Nationality.

Entered.

Vessels.

Tons.

Crews.

British

1,991

5,697,053

211,460

River Steamers

وو

3,120

3,256,472

217,496

American

87

452,827

8,497

Chinese, Junks

4,609

329,899

36,671

Danish

112

313,685

6,679

Dutch

203

858,668

25,134

French

208

662,570

23,265

Italian

65

525,995

17,482

Japanese

206

850,007

20,012

Norwegian

392

755,605

23,673

Portuguese

75

42,223

5,899

River Steamers

273

59,870

10,036

German

144

722,569

14,021

Panamanian

24

54,887

1,083

Swedish

33

106,547

1,100

Greek

3

8,429

116

Hungarian

10

15,090

402

Russian

1

2,286

73

Steamships under 60 tons trading to ports

outside the Colony

788

24,365

10,011

Total......

12,344

14,739,047

633,110

D 13

TABLE VI.

Number, Tonnage and Crews of Foreign Going Vessels of each Nation Cleared at Ports in the Colony of Hong Kong in the year 1938.

Nationality.

Cleared.

Vessels.

Tons.

Crews.

British

2,005

5,700,080

207,119

River Steamers

""

3,118

3,254,495

217,496

American

87

457,052

8,737

Chinese, Junks

4,568

336,753

36,153

Danish

111

311,946

6,526

Dutch

201

847,699

25,719

French

208

681,247

22,965

Italian

66

537,522

17,727

Japanese

210

868,708

20,364

Norwegian

393

757,513

24,052

Portuguese

78

48,839

5,950

River Steamers

وو

269

59,239

10,036

German

145

723,529

13,714

Panamanian

22

49,150

1,227

Swedish

33

106,547

1,160

Greek

4

9,083

177

Hungarian

10

15,090

418

Russian

1

2,286

73

Steamships under 60 tons trading to ports

outside the Colony

797

24,559

10,216

Total.....

12,326

14,791,337

629,829

TABLE VII.

Nationality of Crews.

Vessels.

British.

Other Europeans

Asiatics.

and Americans.

1937.

1938.

1937.

1938.

1937.

1938.

1937.

1938.

British

5,127

5,111

44,616

43,678

1,512

1,586

407,630

383,692

Foreign

3,484

1,836

682

356

66,292

58,068

208,617

99,048

Total......

8,611

6,947

45,298

44,034

67,804

59,654

616,247

482,740

D 14

British Ships.

Foreign Ships.

1937.

1938.

1937.

1938.

%

%

%

Percentage of British Crew

09.83

10.18

00.25

00.23

Percentage of Crew, Other Europeans and Americans

00.33

00.37

24.05

36.87

Percentage of Crew, Asiatics

89.84

89.45

75.70

62.90

Total.

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

¡

D:15

TABLE VIII.

The River Steamer Trade 1937 & 1938.

Year.

Import Tons.

Export Tons.

Passengers.

1937

296,887

324,771

2,853,830

1938

545,822

499,140

2,708,695

TABLE IX.

Junks.

IMPORTS.

1937.

1938.

Junks.

Tonnage.

Junks.

Tonnage.

Foreign Trade

6,189

801,465

4,609

329,899

Local Trade

9,936

331,259

11,381

413,004

Total....

16,125

1,132,724

15,990

742,903

EXPORTS.

1937.

1938.

Junks.

Tonnage.

Junks.

Tonnage.

Foreign Trade

6,292

811,459

4,568

336,753

Local Trade

10,160

653,058

11,884

365,743

Total....

16,452

1,464,517

16,452

702,496

TABLE X.

Total Number, Tonnage, Crews, Passengers and Cargoes of Junks (FOREIGN TRADE) Entered in the Colony of Hong Kong, from Ports on the Coast of CHINA and MACAO, in the year 1938.

CARGO.

BALLAST.

TOTAL.

Vessels. Tons.

Crew:

Passen- Cargo,

gers. Tons.

Vessels.

Crew.

Tons.

Passen-

gers.

Tons.

Vessels.

Crew.

Passen-

gers.

Cargo,

Tons.

Canton

200 35,877 1,457

124,304

334

93,400 2,573

534 129,277 4,030

124,304

West River

1,741

98,397 14,293

39,158

129

15,232 2,074

1,870 | 113,629

16,367

39,158

Macao

255

30,930

2,212

22,645

50

13,223

764

305

44,153

2,976

22,645

East Coast

1,651

33,574

8,526

8,140

245

9,038

4,714

1,896

42,612

13,240

8,140

West Coast

3

171

37

59

1

57

21

4

228

58

59

Total

3,850

198,949

26,525 j

194,306

759 130,950

10,146

4,609 | 329,899

36,671

194,306

TABLE XI.

Total Number, Tonnage, Crews, Passengers and Cargoes of Junks (FOREIGN TRADE) Cleared in the Colony of Hong Kong, from Ports on the Coast of CHINA and MACAO, in the year 1938.

D 16

CARGO.

BALLAST.

TOTAL.

Vessels.

Crew.

Tons.

Passen-

gers.

Cargo,

Tons.

Vessels.

Crew.

Tons.

Passen-

gers.

Vessels. Tons. Crew.

Passen-

gers.

Cargo,

Tons.

Canton

371 124,197 3,781

22,138

89 7,375

554

West River

1,785

63,241 3,699

92,602

398 53,095

12,772

460 131,572 4,335 2,183 | 116,336 16,471

22,138

92,602

Macao

282

42,004

2,887

34,410

32

6,576

682

314

48,580

3,569

34,410

East Coast

1,527

36,126

8,464

8,761

80

3,681

3,220

1,607

39,807

11,684

8,761

West Coast

3

346

62

169

1

112

32

4

458

94

169

Total

3,968

265,911

18,893

158,080

600

70,839

17,260

4,568 336,753

36,153

158.080

TOWING.

Vessels. Tonnage. Crews.

Passen-

gers.

PLACES.

TABLE XII.

Statement of Licensed Steam launches ENTERED in the Colony of Hong Kong during the year 1938.

NOT TOWING.

TOTAL.

Cargo. Vessels. Tonnage. Crews.

Passen-

gers.

Cargo.

Vessels. Tonnage. Crews.

Passen-

gers.

Cargo.

Within the Waters of the Colony:— 1938

1937

726 11,857 6,575 1,035 16,499 9,072

381

398

628

1 8,807 314,108 109,280 245,716 8,610 308,011 104,393 220,813

3,081

2,493

9,533 325,965 | 115,855 | 246,097 9,645 324,510 113,465 | 221,211

3,082

3,121

Outside the Waters

of the Colony:—

Canton

317 9,518 4,575

17

376

152

25

334

9,894

4,727

25

West River

174

5,732

2,271

322

86

183

6,054

2,357

Macao

107

2,521

1,188

139

5,071

1,437

562

246

7,592

2,625

562

East Coast

5

99

66

2

49

23

7

148

89

Other places

18

677

213

2

18

677

213

2

Total

603 17,870 8,100

185

6,495 1,911

25

564

788 24,365

10,011

25

564

TABLE XIII,

Statement of Licensed Steam launches CLEARED in the Colony of Hong Kong during the year 1938.

· D 17

TOWING.

NOT. TOWING.

TOTAL.

PLACES.

Vessels. Tonnage. Crews.

Passen-

gers.

Cargo.

Coal.

Vessels. Tonnage. Crews.

Passen-

gers.

Cargo. Coal. Vessels. Tonnage. Crews.

Passen-

gers.

Cargo.

B. C.

Wthin the Waters

of the Colony:—

1938

1937

Outside the Waters

of the Colony :- Canton

992 15,488 9,250 281 1,322 20,480 11,984 178

3

54

710 8,547 312,172 106,667 280,865 6,314 4,235 933 8,412 309,729 101,913 215,324 11,549 4,285

9,539 327,660 115,917 281,146 6,317 9,734 330,209 113,897 215,502 11,603

4,945

5,218

330 9,870 4,781

5,927 4,185 20

383

184

25

226

West River

156

5,253 2,010

580 | 2,148

9

391

91

Macao

109

2,506

1,217

42

701

150

5,433,

1,598

66

1,597 294

165 5,644

350 10,253 4,965 2,101

25 5,927

4,411

646

2,148

259

7,939

2,815

1,639

995

East Coast

6

110

72

84

1

26

16

17

7

136

88

101

Other places

2

46

48

160

14

541

199

92

16

587

247

92

160

Total

603❘ 17,785

8,128

6,549 | 7,278

194

6,774 2,088

25 1,755 537

797 24,559

10.216

25 8,304

7,815

D 18

TABLE XIV.

Total Number and Tonnage of Vessels excluding Steam Launches Entered at each Port in the Colony of Hong Kong during the year, 1938.

British.

Foreign.

Total.

Station.

Vessels. Tonnage.

Vessels. Tonnage. Vessels. Tonnage.

Aberdeen

597

21,814

597

21,814

Cheung Chau

266

11,480

266

11,480

Sai Kung

191

4,263

191

4,263

Tai O

78

4,393

78

4,393

Tsuen Wan

436

22,420

436

22,420

Victoria

5,111

8,953,525 16,258 6,109,791

21,369 15,063,316

Total...... 5,111

8,953,525 17,826 6,174,161 22,937 15,127,686

TABLE XV.

Total Number and Tonnage of Vessels excluding Steam Launches Cleared at each Port in the Colony of Hong Kong during the year, 1938.

British.

Foreign.

Total.

Station.

Vessels. Tonnage.

Vessels. Tonnage. Vessels.

Tonnage.

Aberdeen

593

15,309 593

15,309

Cheung Chau

273

10,465

273

10,465

Sai Kung

Tai O

Tsuen Wan

Victoria

191

4,219

191

4,219

76

4,334

76

4,334

445

23,903 445

23,903

5,123 8,954,575 16,712 6,119,716 21,835 15,074,291

Total...... 5,123 8,954,575 18,290 6,177,946 23,413 15,132,521

D 19

TABLE XVI.

Table showing total Shipping of all classes at the Port of Hong Kong during the

years 1919 to 1938.

TOTAL TONNAGE

YEAR.

ALL CLASSES.

TOTAL TONNAGE OCEAN GOING.

TOTAL TONNAGE OCEAN GOING

BRITISH.

1919

35,615,169

14,467,847

6,842,024

1920

40,122,527

17,574,636

8,351,084

1921

43,420,970

20,064,611

9,247,198

1922

46,566,764

21,971,162

9,688,891

1923

53,402,239

25,894,058

11,222,141

1924

56,731,077

27,874,830

11,844,752

1925

49,520,523

23,653,774

9,866,820

1926

43,796,436

21,314,696

9,257,417

1927

44,127,161

25,700,164

9,660,440

1928

44,883,765

26,894,395

10,792,701

1929

47,186,181

28,285,741

11,151,152

1930

42,190,612

29,350,807

11,357,605

1931

44,150,021

29,446,145

11,540,844

1932

43,824,906

29,269,073

12,201,690

1933

43,043,381

29,368,877

12,014,232

1934

41,914,022

28,905,526

12,035,087

1935

43,473,979

30,706,571

12,510,998

1936

41,731,016

29,969,666

11,943,751

1937

37,830,760

27,630,397

11,709,589

1938

30,962,756

22,184,732

11,397,133

TONS.

57,000,000

D 20

TABLE XVII.

Diagram Shewing Total Shipping all Classes 1919-1938.

1919

1920

1921

1922

1923

1924

1925

1926

1927

1928

1929

1930

1931

1932

1933

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

56,000,000

55,000,000

54,000,000

53,000,000

52,000,000

51,000,000

50,000,000

49,000,000

48,000,000

47,000,000

46,000,000

45,000,000

44,000,000

43,000,000

42,000,000

A

41,000,000

40,000,000

39,000,000

38,000,000

37,000,000

36,000,000

35,000,000

34,000,000

33,000,000

32,000,000

31,000,000

30,000,000

30,962,756

29,000,000

D 21

TABLE XVIII.

Diagram Shewing Ocean Going Shipping British and Foreign Entered

and Cleared 1919-1938.

TONS.

31,000,000

30,000,000

29,000,000

28,000,000

27,500,000

27,000,000

26,500,000

26,000,000

25,500,000

25,000,000

24,500,000

24,000,000

23,500,000

23,000,000

22,500,000

21,500,000

GT6T

1920

1921

1922

1923

1924

1925

1926

1927

1928

1929

1930

1931

1932

1933

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

22,000,000

22,184,732

21,000,000

20,500,000

20,000,000

19,500,000

19,000,000

18,500,000

18,000,000

17,500,000

17,000,000

16,500,000

16,000,000

15,500,000

15,000,000

14,500,000

14,000,000

13,500,000

13,000,000 12,500,000 12,000,000 11,500,000

11,000,000 10,500,000 10,000,000

9,500,000

•

D 22

TABLE XIX.

Diagram Shewing Ocean Going Shipping British Only, Entered

and Cleared 1919-1938.

TONS

24,500,000

24,000,000

23,500,000

23,000,000

22,500,000

22,000,000

21,500,000

21,000,000

20,500,000

20,000,000

19,500,000

19,000,000

18,500,000

18,000,000

17,500,000

17,000,000

16,500,000

16,000,000

15,500,000

15,000,000

14,500,000

14,000,000

13,500,000

13,000,000

12,500,000

12,000,000

1919

1920

1921

1922

1923

1924

1925

1926

1927

1928

1929

1930

1931

1932

1933

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

11,500,000

11,000,000 10,500,000 10,000,000

9,500,000 9,000,000

11,397,133

8,500,000

8,000,000

7,500,000

7,000,000

6,500,000

6,000,000

5,500,000

5,000,000

4,500,000

4,000,000

3,500,000

TABLE XX.

Return of Ships Registered at the Port of Hong Kong During the Year 1938.

Official

Regis-

Name of Ship.

tered

Horse Power

Rig

Build

No.

Where and When built.

Tonnage.

1. Tsing Shaan

159,471

30

N.H.P. 7.4

2. Asian

110,358

1,488

N.H.P. 219

Nil

Not

Carvel Hong Kong

Clinker Sunderland

1924

1st. Registry.

1900

3. Olan

159,472

8

B.H.P. 4

Cutter

Carvel Hong Kong

4. Kwong Fook

Cheung

152,106

538

N.H.P. 40

Not

Clinker

do.

Remarks.

Reregistered (formerly under the Chinese Flag as 'Hwah Chong" ex "Winifred Moller").

1938 1st. Registry (new vessel).

1923 Reregistered (formerly unregistered vessel owned by Chinese subject as "Kwong Fook Cheung').

1937 1st. Registry (new vessel).

5. Kwong Hing

159,473

12

I.H.P. 120

Not

Carvel

do.

6. Capstan II

159,474

5

B.H.P. 40

Nil

do.

do.

1937

do.

do.

7. Power Chief

159,475

288

I.H.P. 260

Sloop

Clinker Leith

1937

do.

do.

8. Jolly Bird

159,476

148

Nil

Carvel

1st. Registry (formerly unregistered vessel).

9. Olina

159,477

9

B.H.P. 4

Cutter

do.

Hong Kong

1938 1st. Registry (new vessel).

10. Sai Chiu Shan

159,478

2

B.H.P. 12

Nil

do.

do.

1938

do.

do.

11. Li Wo

159,479

342

N.H.P. 175

Nil

Clinker

do.

1938

do.

do.

23-

TABLE XX.-Contd.

Official Regis-

Name of Ship.

tered

Horse Power

Rig.

Build.

Where and When

built.

No.

Tonnage.

12. Shunley

153,556

30

N.H.P. 21.6

Not

Carvel Hong Kong

13. Ma On Shan

159,480

21

B.H.P. 12

Ketch

do.

do.

14. Kwong Ning

159,481

29

N.H.P. 18

Nil

do.

do.

15. Hingley

152,096

208

Nil

Clinker

do.

16. Yardley

152,097 207

Nil

do.

do.

Remarks.

D 24

1924 Reregistered (formerly owned by Chinese subject as "Shunley" ex "Shun Lee").

1938 1st. Registry (new vessel).

1929 1st. Registry (formerly unregistered vessel as "Kwong Ning").

"Hak

1922 Reregistered (formerly owned by Chinese subjects as "Manley' ex Lung Kong" ex "Heng Shan' "Libonotus").

ex

1922 Reregistered (formerly owned by Chinese subjects as "Yardley" ex "Yeung Tse Kong" ex "Taishan' ex "Sciron").

1905 Registry transferred from Melbourne. 1937 1st. Registry (new vessel).

do.

do.

Previous Registry not known.

1938 1st. Registry (new vessel).

Reregistered (formerly unregistered vessel as "Wai Hing" ex "Chi On").

17. Ashridge

120,500 1,849

N.H.P. 304

Schooner

18. Chuen Hing

159,482 493

N.H.P. 36

Nil

do.

Carvel Hong Kong

Port Glasgow

19. Lakatoi

159,483 179

B.H.P. 400

Nil

Clinker

do.

1938

20. Tinley

159,484

284

No

Carvel

do.

21. Mamutu

159,485

160

B.H.P. 340

Nil

do.

do.

22. Wai Hing

152,427

23

N.H.P. 12.7

Nil

do.

TABLE XX.-Contd.

D 25

Official

Regis-

Name of Ship.

tered

Horse Power

Rig.

Build.

No.

Where and When

built.

Remarks.

Tonnage.

23. Punlee

159,486

68

B.H.P. 80

Not

Carvel Hong Kong

24. Gemlock

135,316 2,022

N.H.P. 291

Not

Clinker Sunderland

25. Menander

159,487

B.H.P. 7

8

26. Wing Sang

159,488 1,953

N.H.P. 316

Ketch

Yawl

Not

Carvel Hong Kong

Clinker

1920 Formerly under the American Flag as "Denver".

1914 Reregistered (formerly under the Chinese Flag as "Hai Yu ex "Kelsomoor").

1938 1st. Registry (new vessel).

do.

1938

do.

do.

27. Yanthey

159,489

9

B.H.P. 8

Bermuda Carvel

do.

1938

do.

28. Ewo X

159,490

9

B.H.P. 35

Nil

do.

do.

Formerly unregistered vessel known as Green Motor Boat owned by Chinese subjects.

1934 Reregistered (formerly under the Chinese Flag as "Hai Heng').

29. E-Sang

164,036

2,055

N.H.P. 256:

Not

Clinker Glasgow

30. Indira

31. Yu Sang

144,911 276

161,573 2,039

N.H.P. 94

N.H.P. 256

Not

do.

Nil

do.

South Bank-on-Tees 1918

Newcastle, England.

Registry transferred from Bombay.

!

1934

32. Red Rover

33. Caltex I

159,491

159,492

8

B.H.P. 25.1 Bermuda Carvel Hong Kong

!

381

Clinker Bombay

1938

do.

34. Sun Fat

159,493

21

N.H.P. 14.98

Not

Carvel Hong Kong

Reregistered (formerly under the Chinese Flag as "Hai Yuan').

1938 1st. Registry (new vessel).

1910 Formerly unregistered vessel known as

"Thistle'

do.

TABLE XX.-(Contd.)

D 26

Regis-

Official

Name of Ship.

tered

Horse Power

Rig.

Build.

Where and When

built.

No.

Tonnage.

35. Kung Hing

159,494

12

N.H.P. 4

Not

Carvel Hong Kong

1897 Formerly

Remarks.

under the Chinese Flag as "Wiken".

36. Tại Sang

159,495

1,949

N.H.P. 316

Nil

Clinker

37. Cambay Prince

139,631

· 249

N.H.P. 52

do.

do.

Sudbrook Mon

1938

1st. Registry (new vessel).

1913

Registry transferred from Bombay.

38. Tinley

159,484

173 N.H.P. 32

Nil

Carvel

Hong Kong

39. Yew Shing

159,496

14

N.H.P. 5.66

Nil

do.

do.

40. Tai Wan Shan

159,497

7

B.H.P. 4.0

Yawl

do.

do.

1938

41. Matafele

159,498

186

B.H.P. 400

Not

Clinker

do.

1938

do.

42. Wo Sang

164,037 2,058

N.H.P. 256

Not

do.

Glasgow

43. Charles F. Meyer... 166,606 6,077 B.H.P. 4400

Not

In & Out Hamburg

44. Chorkin

159,499

128

Not

Carvel

45. Budson

159,500

128

Not

do.

46. Queen Bee

133,249

B.H.P. 15.2

Yawl

do.

Hong Kong

47. Chiu San

159,501

13

N.H.P. 4.82-:

Not

do.

48. Pang-Jin

159,502

58

Junk

do.

Hong Kong

49. Dholera

159,503

34

N.H.P. 11

Ketch

do.

Converted into steam vessel and registered

anew.

1900 Formerly under the Chinese Flag as "Yew

1934

Shing"

1st. Registry (new vessel).

Formerly under the Chinese Flag as "Hai Chen".

1938 Registry transferred from London.

Formerly Chinese vessel as "Mo Boon".

do.

as "Fook On".

1912 Converted into Motor Yacht and registered

anew.

1st. Registry.

1938 1st. Registry (new vessel).

Formerly under the Chinese Flag as "Shiu Hing".

do.

TABLE XXI.

Return of Registers of Ships Cancelled at the Port of Hong Kong during the year 1938.

D 27

:

Official

Regis-

Name of Ship.

tered

No.

Tonnage.

Date of

Registry.

Rig

Build

Where and When

built.

Reason of Cancellation.

1. Kau Sap

128,684

55

10. 3.1910

Nil

Clinker

Hong Kong

1907

2. Taikoo I ex Tai Koo.. 128,709

20

20. 9.1911

Nil

do.

do.

1911

Sold to Foreigners (Chinese subjects). Registry transferred to Shanghai.

3. Sin Tai Yat

133,235 149

4.11.1912

Nil

Carvel

do.

1912 Sold to Foreigner (Chinese subject).

4. Sin Tai Yee

133,236 149

do.

Nil

do.

do.

1912

do..

do.

5. Sin Tai Sam

133,239

150

19. 8.1913

do.

do...

1913

do.

do.

6. Sin Tai Sze

133,240

150

do.

do.

do.

1913

do.

do.

7. Queen Bee

133,249

5

15. 4.1914

Yawl

do.

do.

1912

8. Bailey I

139,574

11

3.10.1917

Nil

do.

do.

1902

Vessel converted into auxiliary yacht and registered anew.

Sold to Foreigners (Chinese subjects).

9. Bailey II

128,697 11

3.10.1917

Nil

do.

do.

1896

do.

do.

10. Yungling

152,100

2

15. 3.1923 Schooner Clinker

do.

1923

Registry transferred to Shanghai.

11. Mo Yee Shaan

154,002

6

21. 9.1926

None Carvel

do.

1926

Vessel broken up.

12. Saam Kong

159,419

2

20. 5.1935

Nil

do.

do.

1918

Sold to Foreigners (Chinese subjects).

13. Seung Kong

159,421

8

do.

Nil

do.

do.

1920

do.

do.

14. Ting Kong

159,431

4

4. 7.1935

Nil

do.

Canton

1921

do.

do.

15. Island Trader

159,458

959

16. Tung Hsing

159,460

6

17. Gemlock

135,316 2,022

26. 1.1937

23. 4.1937 Cutter

5. 8.1938 Not

Not

Clinker Vegesack

Carvel Hong Kong Clinker Sunderland

1920 Sold to Foreigner (German subject).

1937 Registry transferred to Southampton. 1914 Registry transferred to Shanghai.

TABLE XXII.

Passenger Trade for the Port for the Year 1938.

Ships

Passengers.

Emigrants.

Class of Vessels.

No.

Arrived

Departed

Returned

Departed

British Ocean Going

3,996

217,363

220,475

38,261

56,170

Foreign Ocean Going

3,132

161,893

165,709

45,359

54,717

British River Steamers

6,238

1,426,992

1,280,018

|

Foreign River Steamers

542

829

856

D 28

Total

13,908

1,807,077

1,667,058

83,620

110,887

Steam-launches, Foreign Trade

1,585

25

25

Junks, Foreign Trade

9,177

Total, Foreign Trade

24,670

1,807,102

1,667,083

83,620

110,887

Steam-launches, Local Trade

19,072

246,097

281,146

Junks, Local Trade

23,265

3,885

3,983

Total, Local Trade

42,337

249,982

285,129

Grand Total

67,007

2,057,084

1,952,212

83,620

110,887

TABLE XXIII.

Summary of Chinese Emigrants from Hong Kong to Ports other than in China, During the Year 1938.

D 29

BRITISH SHIPS.

FOREIGN SHIPS

GRAND TOTAL.

PORTS.

Adults.

Children.

Total.

Adults.

Children.

Total.

Adults.

Children.

Total.

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

Australia

596

16

9

Africa

56

201

තය

10

631

1

597

16

9

10

632

84

185

71

52

25

333

241

91

60

25

417

Portuguese East Africa

62

39

13

4

118

62

391

13'

4.

118

British Borneo

2,123

642

198

165

3,128

542

186

56

32

766

2,665

778

254

197

3,894

Dutch Borneo

13

2

15

21

3

15

3

18

Calcutta

1,256

180

86

62

Canada

4,080j

3411

314

22

1,584

1,256

180

86

62

1,584

4,797

4,080

341

314

62

4,797

Continent of Europe

106

2

108

106

2

108

Dutch Indies

4

2

1

7

12,417

5,525

3,893

1,450

-23;285-12,421|| 5,527

3,894

1,450

23,292

Fiji

74

5

1

81

74

1:

1

81

Honolulu

560

131

501

59

800

174

46

18

12

250

734

177

68

71

1,050

Madagascus Island Tamatave

65

61

74

152

49

11

213

217

55

13

21.

287

Mauritius

20

22

55

254

120

651

24

463

274

142

73

29

518

New Guinea (Rabaoul)

107

32

27

11

177

107

32

27

11

177

New Zealand (Dunedin)

173

18

241

11

226

173

18

24

11

226

Nauru Island

432

432

432

432

Ocean Island

77

77.

77

77

Rangoon

2,559

1,104 478

308

4,449

13

2,565

1,109

480

308

4,462

Rodriguez

Sumatra (Belawan Deli) Straits Settlements

Tahiti

United States of America

2

8

4

2

16

2

8

4

2

16

2

1.

5

2,097

848

298

174

3,417

2,099

849

299

175

3,422

13,052 18,541

4,638

3,034

39,265

7,689 10,137|

2,892

1,978

22,696

20,741

28,678]

7,530

5,012

61,961

40İ

1

48

116

11

127

2,384 386

257

116

3,143

40

2,500

7

386

1

48

268

116

3,270

Total for 1938

25,511 21,070 5,859

1937

""

""

60,648 50,304 10,117

3,730

7,712

""

56,170 25,967 17,371 7,561 3,818 128,781 58,866 30,459| 8,463 5,756 Total passengers by British Ships ,, Foreign

54,717 51,478 38,441 13,420) 7,548 110,887 103,544 119,514 80,763 18,580 13,468 232,325

56,170

""

54,717

Excess of passengers by British Ships

1,453

TABLE XXIV.

Statement of Average Number of Emigrants from Hong Kong to Ports other than in China, for Quinquennial Periods from 1900 to 1985 inclusive.

1900.

66,961

1905.

1910.

73,105

88,452

1915.

109,110

1920.

84,602

1925.

129,004

1930.

235,141

1935.

99,104

TABLE XXV.

Number of Male and Female Emigrants from Hong Kong to Ports other than in China, for Ten Years, from 1929 to 1938.

D 30

WHITHER BOUND.

1929.

1930.

1931.

1932.

1933.

1934.

1935.

1936.

1937.

1938.

Straits Settlements, Males,

113,036 88,498

35,606 13,618 14,767

55,803

69,793 56,629

80,299

28,271

Straits Settlements, Females,

33,480 32,887

14,895

7,169

8,769

35,517

37,188

45,096 82,398

33,690

Total,

146,516

121,385

50,501

20,787

23,536

91,320

106,981

101,725 162,697

61,961

Other Ports, Males,

73,426 58,879 44,504

30,149

29,151

Other Ports, Females,

7,581

8,636

5,864

4,703

4,828

34,406

6,258

35,559 43,235 57,795 36,627

6,975

8,210 11,833 12,299

Total,

81,007

67,515

50,368

34,852

33,979 40,664 .42,534

51,445

69,628 48,926

Grand Total,

227,523

188,900

100,869 55,639

57,515 131,984 149,515

153,170

232,325 110,887

TABLE XXVI.

Summary of Chinese Emigrants Returned to Hong Kong from Ports other than in China During the Year 1938.

D 31

BRITISH SHIPS.

FOREIGN SHIPS.

GRAND TOTAL.

PORTS.

Adults.

Children.

Total.

Adults.

Children.

Total.

Adults.

Children.

Total.

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

Australia

511

3:09

11

560

511

30

11

8

560

British East Africa

23

23

23

23

Bangkok

732

240

129

102 1,203

3,636

1,311

796

852

6,595

4,368

1,551

925

954

7,798

British Borneo

319

156

56

76

607

122

371

28

11

198

441

193

84

87

805

Dutch Borneo

2

2

21

2

27

231

4

2

29

Calcutta

8,772

3,222 1,247

942

14,183

250

102

391

22

413

9,022

3,324 1,286

964

14,596

Continent of Europe

429

18

447

1,563 394

157

92

2,206

1,992

412

157

92

2,653

Dutch Indies

1

1

12,496

1,657 1,026

648

15,827

12,497 1,657

1,026

648

15,828

Rangoon

5,501 1,672| 915

735

8,823

3,227 1,475

791

500

5,993

8,728 3,147

1,706

1,235

14,816

South Africa

174

271

231

14

238

174

27

23

14

238

Straits Settlements

7,758 2,525 1,073 1,012

12,368

2,351

890

419

301

3,961

10,109

3,415 1,492

1,313

16,329

Sumatra (Belawan Deli) United States of America

Total for 1938

1937

6,221

1,825

732

582

9,360

6,221

1,825 732

582

9,360

67

67

444

48

14

12

518

511

48

14

12

585

24,092

""

25,447 9,297

7,863 3,431 2,875 4,816 3,644

"}

"}

"}

"}

38,261 30,528 7,770 4,027 3,034 43,204 36,396 10,544 6,493 4,992 Total number of passengers by Foreign Ships British Excess of passengers by Foreign Ships

45,359

58,425

54,620 15,633 7,458 61,843 19,841 11,309

5,909

83,620

8,636

101,629

30,528 7,770 4,027

3,034

45,359

24,092 7,863 3,431 2,875

38,261

""

7,098

TABLE XXVII.

Statement of Average Number of Emigrants Returned to Hong Kong from Ports other than in China, for Quinquennial Periods from 1900 to 1935 inclusive.

1900.

109,534

1905.

137,814

1910.

146,585

1915.

151,728

1920.

100,641

1925.

129,106

1930.

181,227

1935.

176,707

TABLE XXVIII.

Number of Male and Female Emigrants Returned to Hong Kong from Ports other than in China, for Ten Years, from 1929 to 1938.

WHITHER BOUND.

1929.

1930.

1931.

1932.

1933.

1934.

1935.

1936.

1937.

1938.

- D 32

Straits Settlements, Males,

97,960

120,964 134,147

98,606

51,303

40,881

42,148 46,389

34,969

11,601

Straits Settlements, Females,

23,117

28,960 35,572

30,011

18,107

13,677

14,649 18,806

14,879

4,728

Total,

121,077

149,924 169,719 128,617

69,410

54,558

56,797

65,195

49,848

16,329

Other Ports, Males,

55,412

62,803

94,331

85,690

58,218

47,847

44,477

41,966

38,183

50,477

Other Ports, Females,

8,901

10,409

19,840

18,089

13,505

11,289

11,146

13,480

13,598

16,814

Total,

64,313

73,212

114,171

103,779

71,723

59,136

55,623

55,446 51,781

67,291

Grand Total,

185,390

223,136

283,890

232,396

141,133 113,694

112,420 120,641

101,629

83,620

:

D 33

TABLE XXIX.

Bunker Coal and Oil Shipped during 1938.

EXPORTS.

1937.

1938.

Class.

No.

Steamers

River Steamers

Total ......

Coal, Oil, Tons. Tons.

4,749 379,113 69,899

3,839 64,813 1,737 3,387 67,987 548

8,588 443,926 71,636 6,961 405,871 71,221

Coal,

Oil,

No.

Tons.

Tons.

3,574

337,884 70,673

TABLE XXX.

Comparative Return of Work performed by the Government Marine Surveyor's Department for 3 years ending 31/12/38.

Year.

Item.

1936.

1937.

1938.

Surveys for Passenger and Safety Certificate including

Wireless Telegraphy Installations

61

74

81

Surveys for Passenger Certificate

47

18

16

Surveys for Safety Radio Telegraphy Certificates

38

54

70

Surveys for Loadline Certificate

41

36

39

Surveys for Bottom Certificate

7

4

1

Surveys for Emigration Licence

91

95

74

Measurement of Tonnage for British Registry

14

28

61

Measurement of Tonnage not for British Registry

7

2

16

Measurement of Tonnage for Suez Canal.

4

3

Measurement of Tonnage for Panama Canal

1

4

Inspection and Certification of Light and Sound Signals

16

24

27

Inspection and Certification of Life Saving Appliances

14

20

28

Machinery and Boiler Plans

94

85

95

Surveys of Boilers during Construction

3

2

Surveys of Government Land Boilers

49

53

35

Surveys of Launches for plying Licences

631

610

606

Surveys of Government Launches and Harbour Buoys, etc.

1,400

1,510

1,530

Ships Plans Examined

232

238

261

Inclining Experiments

11

9

4

New Lifeboats Surveyed during Construction

31

98

152

New Buoyant Apparatus Surveyed during Construction

598

519

216

Lifejackets Inspected and Stamped

11,195

16,330

14,925

Lifebuoys Inspected and Stamped

680

586

549

Engineers Examined B.O.T. Certificates

39

26

26

Engineers Examined Local Certificates

121

91

109

Estimated Total Number of Visits in connection with

surveys

5,528

5,117

5,510

Lifeboatmen Examined for Certificates

598

133

329

D 34

TABLE XXXI.

During the year 1938, there has been stored in the Gunpowder Depót,

Gunpowder, privately owned

Cartridges, privately owned

Government owned

Government owned

Explosives, privately owned

Government owned

Non-explosives, privately owned

Green Island.

No. of Cases.

Approximate Weight. lbs.

443

18,290

35

1.700

4,641

468,736

17,681

1,117,668

866

54,854

51

10,316

During the same period there has been delivered out of the Depót.

For sale in the Colony:-

Gunpowder

Cartridges

Explosive Compounds

Non-explosives

For Export:-

Gunpowder

Cartridges

Explosive Compounds

Non-explosives

Government owned:

Gunpowder

Explosive Compounds

No. of Cases.

Approximate Weight.

lbs.

30

1,050

883

52.980

3,025

190,575

311

13.670

2,674

333,527

7.452

576,696

41

7.672

510

On 31st December, 1938, there remains as follows:-

Gunpowder, privately owned

Government owned

Cartridges, privately owned.

Explosive Compounds :-

Privately owned

Government owned

Non-explosives, privately owned

TABLE XXXII.

100

30,350

No. of Cases.

Approximate Weight lbs.

102 32

3.570

1,600

1,084

72,229

7,204

356

350,097 24,504

10

2,544

Lighthouses and Signal Stations.

Lighthouse or

Signal Station.

Vessels

Periods Messages Messages Signalled. Sent. Received.

of Fog.

Period Fog Diaphone Signals Sounded. Fired.

Typhoon & Non. local

Signals Hoisted.

Gap Rock

913*

3,056

484

180 Hrs.

1,111

Waglan

2,735+

4,225

936

318 Hrs. 318 Hrs.

Green Island

1,353

321

172

6

Kowloon Signal

Station

2,021

72

*Including 205 reported by Flash Lamp.

+Including 845 reported by Flash Lamp.

D. 35

TABLE XXXIII.

Comparative Statement of Expenditure 1937 and 1938.

A. HARBOUR DEPARTMENT.

Sub-head of Expenditure.

Personal Emoluments

Other Charges:-

Chain Cable.

Coal & Oil Fuel for Launches

Coal for Offices

Conveyance Allowances

Drawing Materials, G.M.S. Office

Electric Fans & Light

Amount

Amount

1937.

1938.-

$

$

587,685.85

607,046.97

5,456.23

172,161.09

245,830.25

4,649.25

9,273.52

4,903.02

4,366.55

354.34 1,299.13

439.58 1,310.88

Examination Fees

600.00

560.00

Expenses of numbering boats

1,497.39

1,602.39

Fees to unofficial members of Marine Court

60.00

Incidental Expenses

3,029.41

3,114.82

Launch Moorings and Buoys, Navigational Moorings

and Buoys

7,966.00

7,863.53

Ocean Steamship Moorings and Buoys

19,746.00

25,128.00

Rent, Light and Water Allowances for Slipway Staff Rent of Public Telephones

3,189.00

3,186.00

542.85

377.04

Repairs, Minor improvements and Stores for Launches

and Boats

181,730.71

174,218.78

Slipway at Yaumati, Maintenance

2,059.02

Stores and Equipment for Lighthouses

11,676.38

2,854.92 12,202.59

Transport

Uniforms

533.59 5,481.32

543.28

6,652.33

Total Personal Emoluments and Other Charges

1,014,620.58

1,106,571.43

Special Expenditure.

New Engine to H.D. 8

8,900.00

Conversion of old Police Launch 1

1,172.00

Safe for Green Island

150.00

New Engine for Kau Sing Motor Boat

3,500.00

Hire of Tugs for Lighthouse Reliefs.

7,625.19

27,080.00

One Standard Pressure Gauge

380.90

Two Steel Filing Cabinets

220.00

Training Expenses (G.M.S. in England)

'Dalzo' Steel for Buoys

Pulling Boat for Aberdeen

Sewing Machine for Yaumati

Batteries for Waglan

New Flasher for Cape Collinson

New Launch (replacement S.D. 2)

Diaphone for Waglan

Salvaging and Reconditioning of Kau Sing

Electric Welding Course

"Salvage"

334.71

110.00

·250.00

724.03

7,098.50

828.22

15,200.00

43,230.92

Total Special Expenditure

Total A. Harbour Department

1,035,967.77 1,246,853.86

42,769.40

305.75 1,750.00

21,347.19 140,282.43

D 36

TABLE XXXIV.

Comparative Statement of Revenue 1937 & 1938.

Amount

Amount

Sub-head of Revenue,

1937.

1938.

$

$

1.

Motor Spirit Duties

116.10

202.00

2.

Port and Harbour Dues:

Light Dues (Ord: 10 of 1899)

498,776.20

402,358.63

Buoy Dues (Ord: 10 of 1899).

126,908.00

130,181.00

3.

Licences and Internal Revenue not otherwise

specified

Boat Licences (Ord: 10 of 1899).

121,963.50

133,321.60

Chinese Passenger Ship Licences

1,425.00

1,050.00

Fines

7,453.21

9,275.02

Forfeitures

2,215.00

881.25

Fishing Stake and Net Licences

23.00

29.90

Fishing Stake and Net Licences from the New

Territories (Ord: 10 of 1899)

881.80

635.50

Junk Licences etc. (Ord: 10 of 1899)

29,950.75

30,560.95

Junk Licences etc. from the New Territories (Ord:

10 of 1899)

12,203.25

8,604.50

Steam Launch Licences etc. (Ord 10 of 1899) 4. Fees of Court of Office, Payments for specific

purposes and Reimbursements-in-Aid :-

14,188.00

14,385.25

Court

61.80

10.50

Engagement and Discharge of Seamen (Ord: 10 of

1899)

50,490.05

47,683.14

Examination of Masters etc.

1.397.50

1,522.50

Gunpowder, storage of (Ord: 10 of 1899)

62,122.00

29,390.50

Medical Examination of Emigrants

237,054.10

137,127.30

Official Signatures (Ord: 1 of 1899)

10,975.00

9,795.00

Publications, sale of (Ord: 1 of 1899)

546.80

775.50

Registry Fees (Merchant Shipping Act) Ord: 10 of

1899

1,119.00

2,969.00

Steam Launches, Surveyor's Certificate Ord: 10

of 1899

16,466.25

16,590.00

Survey of Steamships (Ord: 10 of 1899)

116.118.51

128,108.40

Sunday Cargo Working Permits Ord: 1 of 1891 Miscellaneous

134,356.25

126,456.25

945.44

98.67

7. Rent of Government Property :-

Lands not Leased

9. Miscellaneous Receipts :—

341.30

431.59

Sale of condemned stores

2,441.50

51,124.50

Overpayments in Previous years

225.26

299.53

Other Miscellaneous Receipts :--

Pilot Licences. Ord: 3 of 1904

120.00

120.00

Engagement of Masters and Engineers of Steam

Launches

243.00

253.50

Other Miscellaneous Receipts

25.00

16.25

Total......1,451,152.57 1,284,257.73

- D 37

TABLE XXXV.

Comparative Statement of Expenditure & Revenue for last ten years.

Personal

Year.

Emoluments &

Special

Other Charges.

Expenditure.

Total Expenditure.

Total Revenue.

1929

744,194.35

68,259.67

812,454.02

1,010,061.97

1930

942,271.67

138,788.97

1,081,060.64

1,020,741.02

1931

1,013,003.51

38,028.27

1,051,031.78

1,433,534.87

1932

998,861.44

106,930.50

1,105,791.94

1,445,435.64

1933

653,318.32

44,678.65

997,996.97

1,256,924.71

1934

921,624.49

54,985.26

976,609.75

1,210,355.51

1935

811,331.20

146,756.02

958,087.22

1,079,677.53

1936

931,148.17

140,447.38

1,071,595.55

1,260,348.67

1937

1,014,620.58

21,347.19

1,035,967.77

1,451,152.57

1938

1,106,571.43

140,282.43

1,246,853.86

1,284,257.73

TABLE XXXVI.

Light Dues were collected during the year 1938 as follows:-

Class of Vessels.

No. of Trips.

Tonnage.

Rate per ton.

Fees Collected.

$

¢.

Ocean Vessels

3,577

11,121,332 2.4/10 ₫

359,610.64

Commission on Bahama Dues

1,951.01

Steam-Launches

657

23,055 2.4/10 ¢

745.95

River Steamers

3,410

3,307,317

9/10 ¢

40,051.03

Total..

7,644

14,451,704

402,358.63

1937 Licences Issued.

TABLE XXXVII.

Licences issued and Revenue collected at Harbour Master's Out Stations.

Stations.

1937

1938

1938

Revenue Revenue Licences Increase. Decrease. Collected. Collected.

Issued.

$

$

Shaukiwan

6,470

19,186.00 *21,291.10

6,480

2,105.10

Aberdeen

6.272

16,036.35

17,574.00

6,488

1,537.65

Stanley

659

1,176.40

1,326.10

688

149.70

Yaumati

4,436

33,812.00

$46,047.50

5.103

12,235.50

Cheung Chau

5,081

15,001.25

13,426.70

4,991

Tai O.

2,501

5,480.85

4,246.65

1,893

1,574.55 1,234.20

Taipo

2,464

6,904.40

7,616.95

2,647

Saikung

682

1,326.75

1,812.30

813

712.55 485.55

Longket

1,777

Deep Bay

1,290

5,057.55 4,413.95 3,919.50 2,900.75

1,577

915

643.60 1,018.75

Lantau

524

Lok Ma Chau

690 -

Total

32,846

1,364.40 1,957.35

111,222.80 | 124,005.85

1,796,85

603

432.45

1,553.00

518

404.35

32,716

Net Increase

17.658.50

12,783.05

4,875.45

* Excluding Dispenary Fees

1

,,

.$1,344.50

.$3,816.80

TABLE XXXVIII.

Number of Boat Licences, Permits, etc., issued and fees collected during the year 1938. (Under Table U, Section 39 of Ordinance No. 10 of 1899.)

Description.

Licences.

Licence

Books.

Duplicate

Boat

Licences. Repainting.

Special

Permits.

Fees.

Licence Books

Boat Repainting

Special Permits

Passenger Boats, A. & B. Classes

2,119

Lighters, Cargo & Water Boats

2,006

Other Boats, Class IV.

16,324

Fish Drying Hulks

61

Duplicate Licences

5,072

14

D 38

4,132

1,066

$ 5,072.00

1,033.00

266.50

11,663.95

59,053.20

55,688.30

530.65

14.00

Total.

20,510

5,072

14

4,132

1,066

$133,321.60

Sub-heads:-

TABLE XXXIX.

B.-AIR SERVICES.

Comparative Statement of Expenditure 1937 and 1938.

AIR SERVICES

Approved Estimate

1937

Actual Expenditure 1937

€

Approved Estimate

1938

Actual Expenditure 1938

钥

1. Personal Emoluments

43,856

40,937.37

74,354

OTHER CHARGES.

2. Electric Fans and Lights

2,500

1,465.06

2,500

2,330.44

3. Equipment for Aeronautical Inspection Department

1,500

(1)

3.62

4. Flying Fees for Staff

2,475

2,475.00

3,300

(2)

2,857.26

5. Incidental Expenses

300

284.30

400

(3)

300.80

6.

Rent of Public Telephone (S. of A.)

117

117.00

117

146.25

7. Uniforms

500

(4)

482.19

8. Upkeep of Buoys

300

263.80

600

(5)

535.87

9. Upkeep of Motor Vehicles

400

1,076.85

1,000

(6)

985.79

10. Upkeep of Aerodromes

3,000

3,795.04

5,000

(7)

5,893.38

11. Upkeep of Motor Boats Upkeep of Motor Roller Upkeep of Fire Engine

6,000

(8)

300

38.16

(9)

600

195.89

(10)

Total Other Charges

9,992

55,627.41

9,711.10

20,917

13,535.60

·

D 39

:

- D 40

TABLE XXXIX.-(Contd.)

AIR SERVICES

SPECIAL EXPENDITURE

12. Three Short Rubber Buoys for

Flying Boats

13. Auxiliary Control Launch 25′ 6′′ Control Launch for Kai Tak Airport Construction of Marine Terminal Pontoon Landing Stage for Kai Tak Airport

Supplementary Votes

Weighbridge for Aircraft

Dines Anemograph for Kai Tak Airport

Approved Estimate

1937

Actual Expenditure 1937

Approved Estimate

1938

Actual Expenditure

1938

$

$

$

CA

$

ᎦᏊᎯ

5,000

20,000

3,266.00

3,500

2,258.82

9,000

8,019.96

4,500

4,486.87

13,000

11,840.33

(11)

2,250

2,103.39

Instruments and Books for

Examinations

500

82.41

Medical Equipment for Crash Room

500

423.51

Equipment for Control Tower

500

24.00

Weighbridge for Aircraft

13,000

1 New Typewriter

300

299.00

Equipment for Aeronautical

1,500

Inspection Department

Total Special Expenditure

Total Air Services

(1) Previously provided under Special Expenditure. (2) Fees for new Assistant Superintendent. (3) Considered necessary.

(4) Transferred from Head 10 (A) Sub-head 19. (5) More buoys and frequent overhauls. (6) Includes upkeep of Fire Engine.

(7) Greater landing area and previous provision insufficient. (8) Required for new. Motor Boats.

(9) Not required.

(10) Included under Sub-head 9. (11) Non-recurrent.

(12) Transferred to Other Charges.

452.77

(12)

16,300

1,281.69

57,250

31,975.37

70,148

51,930.16

152,521

101,138.38

کچھ

- D 41

TABLE XL.

B.-AIR SERVICES.

Comparative Statement of Revenue for the years 1935, 1936, 1937 and 1938.

Sub-head Revenue.

Amount Amount

1935.

1936.

1937.

Amount Amount

1938.

3. Licences & Internal Revenue not

otherwise specified:

$

¢ .

$

$ ¢.

$ ¢.

Air Services

310.00

400.00

580.00 945.00

4. Fees of Court or Office, Payments for specific purposes and Reim- sursements in aid:

Air Services

7,101.10 11,601.60 25,341.70 62,880.20

Total...... * $7,411.10 12,001,60 | 25,921.70 63,825.20

*Note: These totals do not include charges such as storage, rent rates etc. which are collected by the Treasury and shown as Treasury receipts and which in the year 1938 amounted to $27,572.72.

TABLE XLI.

B-AIR SERVICES.

Comparative Statement of Expenditure and Revenue for the Year 1930 to 1938.

Year.

Personal (1) Emoluments and

Other Charges

Special Expenditure.

Total Expenditure.

Total Revenue.

$ ¢.

SA

$

¢.

$

¢.

¢.

1930

(2) 33,896.70

60,000.00

93,896.70

1931

26,691.12

26,691.12

40.00

1932

11,457.04

88.81

11,545.85

14,344.00

1933

13,899.75

13,899.75

6,850.00

1934

40,191.51

10,765.85

50,957.36

10,265.00

1935

52,891.10

10,708.69

63,599.79

7,411.10

1936

40,562.50

741.08

41,303.58

12,001.60

1937

50,648.47

1,281.69

51,930.16

25,921.70

1938

69,163.01

31,975.37

101,138.38

(3) 63,825.20

(1) Does not include the Salary of the Director which is charged to A.-Harbour

Department.

(2) February, 1930.

(3) These totals do not include charges such as storage, rent rates etc. which are collected by the Treasury and shown as Treasury receipts and which in the year 1938 amounted to $27,572.72.

China

Manila (Philippines).. French Indo-China...

Total

Countries to which

Departed.

Aircraft

China

Manila (Philippines).. French Indo-China...

Total

Passengers.

Crew.

Goods and Ex-

cess Luggage Tons.

Mails Tons.

Aircraft.

Tonnage.

Aircraft.

Countries whence

Arrived.

Aircraft

Passengers.

Crew.

Goods and Ex-

cess Luggage

Tons.

Mais Tons.

Aircraft

Tonnage.

Aircraft.

TABLE XLII.

Number, tonnage, cargo, passengers and crews of aircraft ARRIVING at airports in the Colony of Hong Kong

BRITISH.

from each country in the year 1938.

FOREIGN.

TOTAL.

Passengers.

Crew.

Goods and Ex- cess Luggage Tons.

Mails Tons.

TABLE XLIII,

Number, tonnage, cargo, passengers and crews of aircraft DEPARTING from airports in the Colony of Hong Kong

BRITISH.

to each country in the year 1938.

FOREIGN.

TOTAL.

458 5,330

1,802

16.0

34.6

4,547

458

5,330

1,802

16.0

34.6

4,547

35

325

274

2.9

3.6

841

35

325

274

2.9

3.6

841

116

150 232

2.8 35.6

622

24

201

94

0.3

0.7

247

140

351

326

3.1

36.3

869

116 150 232

2.8

35.6 622

517 5,856 2,170 19.2 38.9

5,635

633 35 688

6,006 2,402 22.0

74.5 6,257

Passengers.

Crew.

Goods and Ex-

cess Luggage Tons.

Mails Tons.

475

3,261

1,850

95.1 94.0

4,652

475

3,261

1,850

95.1

94.0 4,652

35

316

273

1.1

1.9

841

35

316

273

1.1

1.9

841

115

200 230

2.4

29.1

617

24

186

94

0.1

247

139

386

324

2.5

29.1

864

115 200 230

2.4

29.1 617

534

3,763

2,217 96.3

95.9

5,740

649

3,963

2,447

98.7 125.0 6,357

Aircraft

Tonnage.

Aircraft

Passengers.

Crew.

Goods and Ex-

cess Luggage Tons.

Mails Tons.

Aircraft

Tonnage.

Aircraft.

Tonnage.

Aircraft.

Passengers.

D 42

Crew.

Goods and Ex-

cess Luggage

Tons.

Mails Tons.

Aircraft.

Tonnage.

TABLE XLIV.

Number, Tonnage, Cargo, Passengers, and Crews of Aircraft of each Nation Arriving at Airports in the Colony of Hong Kong in the Year 1938.

NATIONALITY OF

AIRCRAFT.

British

Chinese

American

French

Total

ARRIVING

Aircraft.

Passengers.

Crew.

Goods & Excess Luggage Tons.

Mails Tons.

Aircraft Tonnage.

116

150

232

2.8

35.6

622

458

5,330

1,802

16.0

34.6

4,547

35

325

274

2.9

3.6

841

24

201

94

0.3

0.7

247

633

6,006

2,402

22.0

74.5

6,257

TABLE

XLV.

Number, Tonnage, Cargo, Passengers, and Crews of Aircraft of each Nation Departing from Airports in the Colony of Hong Kong in the Year 1938.

<

D 43

DEPARTING

NATIONALITY OF

AIRCRAFT.

British

Chinese

Aircraft.

Passengers.

Crew.

Goods & Excess Luggage Tons.

Mails Tons.

Aircraft Tonnage.

115

200

230

2.4

29.1

617

475

3,261

1,850

95.1

94.0

4,652

American

35

316

273

1.1

1.9

841

French

24

186

94

0.1

247

Total

649

3,963

2,447

98.7

125.0

6,357

TABLE XLVI.

AIRCRAFT ARRIVALS AND DEPARTURES.

Summary Showing Tonnage of Aircraft Arriving and Departing During the Year 1938.

BRITISH

FOREIGN

Arriving.

Departing.

Total.

Arriving.

Departing.

Total.

Kai Tak Airport, Hong Kong

622

617

1,239

5,635

5,740

11,375

Total

622

617

1,239

5,635

5,740

11,375

TABLE XLVII.

Air Transport Services.

Type and

Characteristics

Terminal Stations of

each service

or route

Operating Company (and if subsidized)

Mileage of

route

of the aircraft employed

Frequency of service.

Class of

service

Remarks

Bangkok-Hong Kong

San Francisco-Hong Kong

China Domestic-Hong Kong

China Domestic-Hong Kong

Damascus-Hong Kong

(Indirectly, yes)

Air France

(Yes)

Imperial Airways (Yes)

1,260

DH 86

Bi-weekly

Mails, Goods & Passengers

Pan American

Airways

9,000

Martin 130

Weekly

(Indirectly, yes)

China National Aviation Corporation (Indirectly, yes) Eurasia Aviation

Routes frequently revised

DC 2

Daily

Sino American 51% 49%

JU 52

Daily

Sino German

>>

Corporation

66% 33%

6,500

Dewotine

D-338

Weekly

99.

D44

www.

TABLE XLVIII.

Air Transport Services.

MAIL

Passengers.

(including printed

matter & parcels).

Aircraft

GOODS

(including news- papers & excess luggage).

Service or route.

Mileage.

Pas-

Number

senger

Tons.

carried.

Ton/

Miles.

Ton/

Tons.

Miles.

Miles.

Bangkok-Hong Kong

1,260

350

64.7

5.2

San Francisco-Hong Kong

9,000

641

5.5

4.0

Damascus Hong Kong

6,500

387

0.7

0.4

China-Hong Kong

Routes

8591

128.6

111.1

frequently

revised

Pas-

Goods

Mail

Receipts.

senger Receipts. Receipts.

*

*Routes, time-tables, rates and types of aircraft revised so frequently and available figures so meagre that any figures dealing with the above would be misleading.

D. 45

TABLE XLIX.

Number, tonnage, cargo, passengers, and crews of aircraft of each nation arriving at airports in the Colony of Hong Kong in the year 1936, 1937 and 1938.

NATIONALITY OF

AIRCRAFT.

ARRIVING.

Aircraft.

Passengers.

Crew.

Goods, Mails, and excess Luggage Tons.

Aircraft Tonnage.

1936.

1937.

1938.

1936.

1937.

1938.

1936.

1937.

1938.

1936.

1937.

1938.

1936.

1937.

1938.

British

52

65

116

37

49

150

113

130

232

6.5

17.0

38.4

217.0

335

622

Chinese

65

292

458

77

1,581

5,330

125

784

1,802

0.4

122

50.6

275:0

2,092

4,547

German

1

9:0

American

37

35

19

292

325

227

274

11

6.5

22.50

671

841

French

1

24

2

201

3

94

1:0

7.75

6

247

Czechoslovakia

1

10

6

Latvia

1

1

1

1

1.00

1

Java

1

Filipino

1

2

1.25

46

Total

123

398

633

135

1,929 6,006

256

1,150

2,402

6.9

150.0

96.5

533.50 3,112.0 6,257

TABLE L.

Number, tonnage, cargo, passengers, and crews of aircraft of each nation departing from airports in the Colony of Hong Kong in the year 1936, 1937 and 1938.

NATIONALITY OF

AIRCRAFT.

DEPARTING.

Aircraft.

Passengers.

Crew.

Goods, Mails, and excess Luggage Tons.

Aircraft Tonnage.

1936.

1937.

1938.

1936.

1937.

1938.

1936.

1937.

1938.

1936.

1937.

1938.

1936.

1937.

1938.

British

51

67

115

· 41

75

200

113

134

230

2.7

11

31.5

216.00

337

617

Chinese

65

289

475

94

1,448

3,261

125

716

1,850

0.2

375

189.1

275.00

2,090

4,652

6

9.00

German

1

American

1

36

35

15

231

316

4

277

273

3.0

22.50

670

841

French

1

24

2

186

3

94

0.1

7.75

247

Czechoslovakia

Latvia

Java

Filipino

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

1.25

Total

121

395

649

154

1,756

3,963

255

1,133

2,447

2.9

394

223.7

531.50

3,105.0

6,357

TABLE LI.

LICENCES OR CERTIFICATES ISSUED.

Year ended 31st December,

Year ended

Year ended

Year ended

31st December,

31st December,

31st December,

1935.

1936.

1937.

1938.

Number of Licences or

Certificates

current on

1938.

31st December,

Licences for Pilots (Private)

39

13

18

52

41

Licences for Pilots (Commercial)

3

3

3

6

5

Number of Pilots holding Commercial Licences

who also hold Private Licences

Nil

Licences for Navigators

Nil

Licences for Ground Engineers

3

Certificates of Registration

Heavier-than-air craft

Lighter-than-air craft

Certificates of Air-worthiness Heavier-than-air craft

Lighter-than-air craft Licences for Aerodromes

2

Nil

Nil

Nil

EEZ

5

23- 33 - 32

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

4

833

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

10

9

Nil

2

6

6

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

6

Nil

Nil

6

Nil

6

Nil

Nil

1 (Government)

1 (Government) 1 (Government)

TABLE LII.

D 48

Total for 1 Year ending 1938.

9,969

120,823.099 Kilos

199,554.493 Kilos

Weight in Kilos Value in H.K. Dollars.

6,668.668 Kilos.

$39,907,795.21

3,475.055 Kilos.

$12,974,962.61

Passengers

Freight

Mail

Bank Notes

Bullion

Comparative General Totals for 1937 and 1938.

Total for 1 Year ending 1937.

3,685

35,831.859 Kilos

39,872.482 Kilos

Weight in Kilos Value in H.K. Dollars.

Nil

383.996 Kilos.

$1,284,152.07.

આ

Appendix E.

REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF IMPORTS AND

EXPORTS FOR THE YEAR 1938.

I. LIQUOR.

1. There was an increase of $565,482.40 in the net revenue collected as compared with 1937. About 40% of this increase is accounted for by increased receipts from native type liquors. Of this $162,416.82 was paid by local distilleries and $58,556.61 by importers of Chinese and Japanese type spirits. northern spirit was imported this year than for many years, which explained by the influx of refugees from the northern provinces, who probably prefer their own particular type of liquors.)

More

can be

About 60% of the increase in duty was in respect of European type liquors. Whisky and beer are still the most popular beverages, and account for more than half of the total revenue from this source. An interesting feature was the duty paid by the local "brewery, which amounted to $146,636.35, nearly twice the amount paid last year.

•

2. There was a decrease in the smuggling of imported Chinese spirits, which no doubt is accounted for by transportation difficulties, especially since the invasion of South China.. In, many cases,, ships running to coastal ports of China, whose crews are often expert smugglers, have had to abandon their services completely, and roads and rivers formerly favoured by smugglers are now in alien hands and present an insurmountable obstacle.

3. What was gained in this respect, however, was offset by the continued activities of illicit distillers. As an instance of the extent of this trade, it may be mentioned that 170 gallons of illicit distilled liquor were found on one occasion at Ping Chau, when six stills and 2,000 gallons of fermenting materials were seized. On a raid made two days later, in the same village, two stills were again found to be in operation; and 22 gallons of spirit and 500 gallons of fermenting materials were seized.

at

Tai Pak and Yee Pak still continue to be sore places and hotbeds of illicit distillation, and many stills and much mash have been seized here. When these two villages, whose inhabitants constitute a mere handful of people, are raided, it is significant that all the men are absent, and, although this may be a mere coin- cidence, it has happened so often that the natural inference is that all the male inhabitants are employed only in this illicit activity. Perhaps, however, the most. persistent and blatant illicit distilling is carried on at Cha Kwo Lin, where the terrain favours the law breaker, and it is impossible to approach without being noticed by the line of watchmen on the hills. This particular village and its environs have been raided scores of times, and nearly always successfully, but the number of arrests has been very few.

Much ingenuity was displayed, by the illicit distillers in their latest efforts to avoid the attention of the revenue officers, for not only have they resorted to the old expedients, of burying mash inside Chinese graves, and in inaccessible places on the hillsides, but, it has also been discovered in receptacles hidden in the paddy fields underneath growing vegetables, and occasionally under the very paths on which the revenue officers,, walk to get from village to village. By systematic raiding and special patrols many of the haunts of illicit distillers have been broken up, but unfortunately Hong Kong is full of lonely valleys and beautiful fresh water streams which lend themselves to the persistency of the illicit distiller who readily moves on from one valley to another, thus providing himself with a certain amount of immunity, for a short time at least, from this department.

:

E 2

4. In urban areas fifty-one stills altogether were discovered during this year. This represents a decrease of twenty-one compared with last year's figures, and is probably due to the fact that rents have increased so much owing to the increased population, that it is no longer possible to rent a whole house or at least a floor, a proceeding which is absolutely essential for the operation of an enterprise of this

nature.

5. The working of local distilleries during the year proved satisfactory, and the reformed method of inspection and accounting instituted in the previous year appears to have been attended with success.

6. There was a certain amount of evasion of duty as regards the import of perfume spirit. Suitable action was taken after this fraud had been detected. It would be well if the public generally realised that all liquors containing · alcohol must be declared before landing.

II. TOBACCO.

.

7. The total consumption of tobacco of all kinds for all purposes during the year 1938 was 7,564,035 pounds which, by comparison with last year, is an increase of 1,685,008 pounds. The total net revenue was $5,190,701 which was a record for the Colony and represents an increase by comparison with last year of $758,498. The amount of drawback paid was $3,337,335 and is also a record for the Colony. The increase in revenue is due to the increased population consisting mostly of refugees from the interior.

8. The enormous increase in the local manufacture of cigarettes for export is due chiefly to the breakdown of economic conditions in China, which has resulted in orders being transferred to Hong Kong in order to ensure their successful completion.

9. There has been a decrease in the seems that importers are finding it cheaper rather than in Macau

amount of clean leaf imported, and it to strip their tobacco in Hong Kong

of the revenue

10. Cigarettes account for 94% of the revenue collected on tobacco. Although there was a slight decrease in the sales of local factories producing Chinese smoking tobacco, there is little doubt that cigarettes have become more popular than ever before with the local Chinese population.

11. Only 6,900 cigarettes were seized during the year. This great reduction upon the figures of the previous year was chiefly due to the low price of cigarettes in Hong Kong which made this type of smuggling unremunerative.

12. Smuggling of Chinese tobacco from Macau persisted throughout the year. Towards the end of the year it became necessary to request shipping companies to co-operate in suppressing this traffic. In some cases very satisfactory results were achieved, which seemed to indicate that the petty smuggling by members of the crews can be curbed by the action of responsible officials on board ships.

13. Several well organised attempts at smuggling tobacco by false declarations of the contents of packages were discovered. The most serious of these was one in which 900 pounds of tobacco were consigned to a fictitious firm under the guise of soy.

One of the real culprits, however, was brought to justice and convicted in respect of the 900 pounds imported and also in respect of an additional 285 pounds found on his licensed premises. A peculiar feature of this importation was that a portion of the consignment was partly manufactured tobacco, indicating that the final stage of manufacture would be carried out by a local factory and would thus defy identification as being other than of Hong Kong manufacture.

اوير

14. One other attempt by a local factory to defraud the revenue by mixing lily leaves (after treatment) with leaf tobacco in the process of manufacture was frustrated in its very early stages, and suitable action was taken by cancelling the manufacturer's license.

!

:

E 3

III. MOTOR SPIRIT.

15. The duty collected reached the high figure of $955,033.69. A very high percentage of this duty is paid by companies holding special Importers' Licenses, and their continued co-operation has greatly facilitated the working of the Motor Spirit Ordinance.

It is proposed during next year to introduce a new ordinance to be called the Hydro-Carbon Oils Ordinance, by which all movements of hydro-carbon oils will be regulated by permits, and duty will be collected on heavy oils when used locally as fuel for road vehicles and on all light oils as heretofore. The Motor Spirit Ordinance will then be repealed.

IV. OPIUM.

16. The total amount of prepared opium sold during the year amounted to 25,029.22 taels, and the total net revenue was $292,119.33. This is an increase by comparison with last year of $47,141.75. Sales of Kam Shan again decreased by 13%, but this decrease was more than offset by the increased sales of Singapore opium.

17. There is little doubt that the increased sales of Singapore opium are due to the shortage of illicit raw opium which, by the end of the year, was very acute indeed. In 1936, in this report, it was suggested that the objection to Government opium was the price rather than the taste. This seems to be borne out this year by the fact that immediately illicit prices approximated to the price of licit opium, the sales of the latter increased.

-

The continued decrease in the sales of Kam Shan opium is to be expected, for the brand is sold only to a limited and decreasing number of registered smokers. Although stocks of this brand are limited, there is still sufficient stock, at the present rate of consumption, for several years.

18. For the year under review the opium account shows a loss of $300,321.55. The Colony, owing to its geographical position on arterial steamship lines, and also owing to the fact that it is a terminal port of many steamship lines, is the centre of a highly organised international traffic in opium, and the cost of fighting this traffic is all too severe on domestic resources.

19. Chinese Raw Opium. In 1937, seizures of Chinese raw opium amounted to 17,128 taels, whilst in the year under review 25,075 taels were seized. The increase is probably due to the fact that supplies of Iranian raw opium seem to be very limited, and it is noteworthy that the seizures of Chinese raw opium comprise 92% of the raw opium seized. The main sources of supply appear to have been as in former years-Kwong Chow Wan and Macau. (It was not until the last two or three months of the year that the stream of smuggled opium dried up, and it is possible that the extension of Japanese hostilities to South China has quickened this process. There were few cases of outstanding interest among the year's seizures. One case, in which 8,240 taels of Chinese raw opium were discovered on the s/s "Wing Wo," is worthy of mention. The "Wing Wo" had just arrived in Hong Kong from Kwong Chow Wan when she was boarded revenue officers who found large scaled tins of opium which had been placed on the upper deck of the steamer with ropes and bamboo markers, presumably in readiness for dumping into the sea if the ship had been searched her way up to the Colony. The circumstances in which this opium was found pointed to the fact that the crew must have had some knowledge of these packages, and this, coupled with the fact that other seizures have been made on this ship from time to time, leads to the conclusion that much of the smuggled Chinese opium comes into Hong Kong via Kwong Chow Wan, for it is between these two places that the s/s "Wing Wo" plies.)

by

-

E 4-

21. Another case which involved a much smaller amount of opium is interest- ing, because, for once, it was not only small fry who were caught in the revenue net. On this occasion, a small junk was discovered cruising without lights in the vicinity of a steamer which was due to leave for Singapore. The revenue launch stopped and challenged the junk and proceeded to draw alongside. It was, fortunately enough, a moonlight morning, and the revenue officers observed hurried attempt by the several occupants of the other boat to dump heavy cases into the harbour by means of rollers and buoys. The attempt was frustrated and six males were arrested with 900 taels of opium. One of the males happened to be an individual, long suspected of great smuggling activity, who had forgotten to take the usual precautions of keeping himself in the background. The opium in this case was destined for export to Singapore.

22. Later in the year, two or three seizures were made in passengers' baggage on "Empress" boats, under circumstances which indicated that the opium was going to Shanghai in order to obtain the high prices ruling there on account of the general shortage of opium in the Far East.

23. Persian Raw Opium. There were very few seizures of Iranian raw opium during the year, and only 2,009 taels in all were discovered. This was a decrease in comparison with former years. It is probably due to the fact that a new and lower scale of rewards was instituted in 1937, and informers seem to be unwilling to divulge information at the lower rate. Practically all of the Iranian raw opium which comes into Hong Kong is for transhipment to Java, the Straits, etc., and it is possible that informers are now dealing direct with the authorities concerned from whom they probably obtain better rewards.

24.

Prepared Opium. There has been an extraordinary decrease in the amount of prepared opium discovered during the year, and only 12,758 taels were seized, in comparison with 31,979 taels in the previous year.

One explanation of the decrease-reduction of rewards paid to informers-has already been mentioned. The other explanation allows no remedy by this depart-

ment.

Although most of the opium is brought to the Colony by ships operating between Kwong Chow Wan, Macau and Hong Kong, the methods adopted by the smugglers are very difficult to combat. The opium is usually dumped outside Hong Kong waters at rendezvous which are changed on each occasion, and it is then parcelled out amongst junks, which, at dead of night and by circuitous routes, finally succeed in landing their cargoes.

25. One seizure of 2,068 taels of Red Lion opium is interesting. A small junk with wooden cases aboard was seen to be operating in a suspicious manner, and revenue officers proceeded to examine it, but before they could do so the cases were dumped. Eventually they were retrieved and four cases marked "Oyster Sauce" and two cases marked "Shrimp Paste" were seized.

The junk had come from Macau and all the circumstances indicate that the opium had been exported from Macau.

Of

26. Opium Divans. During the year 746 opium divans were raided. this number 486 were in Kowloon. There is reason to believe that opium divan keeping is more highly organised than ever before. Recently a system of syndicates renting several floors under fictitious names has developed. Each floor is then put under a keeper who, for a very small wage, takes full responsibility and is prepared to assert that he is the principal tenant. It is estimated that there are over 2,000 such divans in the Colony, and although during the year over 700 keepers have gone to prison, economic circumstances render it very easy to find another dupe to serve. It is impossible to arrest smokers because there would be insufficient gaol space in the Colony to house these people.

E 5

V.-HEROIN.

27. The traffic in heroin pills did not increase in Hong Kong during the year under review. Although there was an increase in the number of cases, this was entirely due to intensive operations against the manufacturers and smugglers of the drug. Altogether, 2,713,181 pills were seized in 671 cases, and the majority of these pills were found in heroin factories.

As reported in 1937, factories were again discovered which made pink pills containing all the usual ingredients of the heroin pill except heroin. It is not known whether the pills were being made owing to a shortage of heroin, or with the object of defrauding smokers. In some cases genuine and imitation pills were found mixed in the same container. In several cases factories were located in European style houses which manufacturers hoped would be above suspicion. Intensive detective work has forced many manufacturers to abandon operations in urban areas and remove out into the country in the hope that there they will be safe from the unwelcome attentions of the law.

28. There were three seizures of heroin during the year, but the amount involved was not large. In one case, a room had been engaged in a Chinese hotel and was used as a meeting place between the seller and buyer. The buyer was arrested and convicted; the seller unfortunately escaped.

In another case a Chinese male was arrested in a tenement house in a slum quarter. He was found in possession of heroin and other pill ingredients which he supplied on a small scale to pill factories. He was convicted by the court.

29. Heroin Pill Divans. It is estimated that there are over 1,000 pill divans in operation in the Colony, whose clients are usually young persons and females. Refugees have added largely to the numbers of smokers, and it is thought that there are at least 30,000 addicts whose daily consumption in pills must be more than 300,000. They, of course, do not include casual smokers.

During the latter half of the year an intensive campaign has been inaugurated against these divans, and as a result of new legislation which makes the possession of heroin pipes illegal and imposes heavy penalties on principal tenants and landlords who knowingly allow their premises to be used for the purposes of smoking heroin pills, the situation has become much easier. Recently this department has been inundated with complaints from landlords whose premises were being used as divans. and very satisfactory results have been obtained in raids as a consequence. Many divans have been forced to close up altogether, and others, which were formerly in the habit of remaining open all day and night, have restricted their hours to the evening, hoping that they will then be free from the attention of the raiding officers.

VI. OTHER DANGEROUS DRUGS.

30. There were no seizures of crude morphia or morphine pills for the year, neither was there any evidence of such imports into the Colony.

VII. THE NEW TERRITORIES.

31. The revenue station at Sheung Shui maintained its usefulness and the number of seizures and arrests have increased. (One interesting and unusual feature was the fact that, during November and December of this year, opium was seized in the New Territories in the process of being smuggled over the frontier into China, which reverses the usual procedure of smuggling Chinese opium into Hong Kong. This was due primarily to the acute shortage of opium in Kwang Tung as a result of the breakdown in communications owing to the Sino-Japanese hostilities.)

E 6

32. The opening of the new road to Canton at the end of the year 1937 entailed many extra duties on the Sheung Shui staff. More than 4,000 vehicles passed through the revenue barrier from 1st January, 1938, until the virtual closing of the road owing to the hostilities in the neighbouring province of Kwang Tung in October. Under normal conditions there is little doubt that the new road would be used extensively, and it is expected that the provision of premises adequately equipped for dealing with passengers and merchandise may be a necessity in the future.

VIII. LEGISLATION.

33. As foreshadowed in the reports of 1936 and 1937, a Dangerous Drugs Amendment Ordinance was passed which makes a heroin divan and possession of heroin pipes illegal and also introduces legislation in respect of landlords and tenants. As the law now stands, a tenant, lessor or landlord who knowingly lets premises for use as a heroin divan or as a place for storing heroin, or, having let them, consents to their use as such, is liable to prosecution.

•

IX.-CERTIFICATES OF ORIGIN.

34. The year under review saw a great alteration in the procedure for issuing certificates of origin. Up to the end of May certificates were issued, as heretofore, to such factories only as were approved by the Superintendent after departmental investigation and registration. It had, however, long been felt that some more precise system of certification was desirable, especially for trade with other Colonies when Empire preference was sought. At a conference held at the Colonial Office in June, 1937, the broad lines to be followed had been decided and by June 1st, 1938, a new register had been drawn up including the names of firms which had been costed over a period of three months by chartered accountants whose qualifications were such as had been laid down by the Secretary of State for the Colonies. At the same time a new form of certificate came into use, giving the accountant's certification of the Empire content of the particular consignment, while beneath this a Government officer-in practice the Superintendent or Assistant Superintendent-certified that the particular accountant firm was recognised for the purpose, and that the factory applying for the certificate and its consignments had been inspected by the department.

35. This form of certificate, known locally as the "new certificate," is applicable only to consignments to other Colonies. The old form of certificate alone may be used for consignments to the Dominions and United Kingdom, and its chief value is to procure exemption from dumping duties. Thus in practice the "old" and the "new" registers exist together, but while factories on the new register automatically qualify for "old" certificates, those on the old register only cannot obtain "new" ones..

36. The change to the new system was successfully accomplished with the minimum of friction, thanks in a large measure to the whole-hearted co-operation of the secretary and various sub-committees of the Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce. It continues to work reasonably well, though the great need for accuracy in details should be impressed on all applicants for certificates. Emenda- tions are of course inevitable, but. there are far too many occasions when care in applications would have rendered them unnecessary, and the exporting firms would do well to remember that, while the onus of obtaining certificates does not lie upon them in the first place, it is to their interest to render all possible assistance to the factory managers.

37. During the year old certificates totalled 10,217, of which 5,814 were issued in the first five months. The coming of the new certificates seems, at first view, to have made only a small difference in the numbers issued. For the first five months the monthly average of old certificates was 1,163 while for the last seven the combined monthly average was 1.491. The system naturally took some time to come to its full development, and there is reason to expect higher figures in the future.

E 7

It

38. Besides these two certificates there are two others. A form "N" certificate is endorsed by the Superintendent in the case of 'spun, woven and finished goods,' to which reference was made in the 1937 report. Such endorsements were made in 1,065 cases during 1938. There is also the "late certificate" used in cases where goods have left the Colony uncertificated owing to errors. merely certifies that the factory concerned docs usually manufacture that particular type of goods and that there is no reason to suppose that a certificate would not have been issued had application been made early enough for the consignment to be examined by the department's inspector,-à very non-committal document, as to the ultimate effect of which the department has no information, though the continuance of requests suggests that there is some virtue in it. Cases covered by old certificates alone are affected by this. In all 149 such late certificates were issued.

39. In all 17,467 certificates were issued in 1938, as against 19,088 in 1937. It must be remembered, however, that these figures represent only the numbers of consignments and not their bulk, and there is reason to believe that the total returns of this certificated trade fell little below those of 1937, though there is no doubt that the West Indies trade experienced a certain set-back, partly owing to previous over-buying there.

40. At the beginning of 1938 there were 346 factories registered;-inadver- tently twelve factories too many were included in the 1937 report. This year 68 new factories were registered as against 72 in 1937, while 12 factories were removed from the register as compared with 16 in 1937. In two or three cases factories were summarily struck off the list by the Superintendent owing to the discovery of irregularities. The others closed down. Thus at the close of the year there were 402 factories on the register, of which 209 have been costed by chartered accountants and qualify for the new certificates.

41. Reference was made in the 1937 report to the difficulty in obtaining artificial silk yarn from empire sources. The difficulty is no longer apparent as the channels of supply have been widened and the demands made by factories are now met. One factory has shown commendable initiative in producing Chinese silk which qualifies under "spun, woven and finished" requirements. The silk is obtained from China in the cocoon and the silk thread is spun from it in Hong Kong, woven into fabric in Hong Kong and finished as a regulated textile in Hong Kong.

X.-TRADE STATISTICS.

42. In 1936 improved trade conditions in the Colony were predicted and this note of optimism has been justified by the trade returns for the years 1937 and 1938. A steady increase was noted from the commencement of 1937 and this continued until the final quarter of 1938, when a decline set in which was very largely due to the Japanese military occupation of certain areas in South China.

43. The total visible trade of the Colony during the year 1938 amounted to a value of $1,130.1 millions as compared with $1,084.4 millions in 1937 and $803.3 millions in 1936, representing increases of 4.2% in 1938 as compared with 1937 and 40.7% as compared with 1936. But in terms of quantities, according to an index number constructed at the Statistical Department of some 185 of the chief articles handled in the Colony,-the volume of trade decreased by 15.2% in 1938 as compared with 1937, and increased by only 20.5% as compared with 1936. This apparent paradox can be accounted for by the fact that during the year 1938 several commodities were handled at higher prices but in lesser quantities, although exchange remained steady.

44. There was a large decrease in the import trade from Japan which declined from $58.0 millions in 1937 to $18.8 millions in 1938, representing only 3.0% of the total imports as compared with 9.4%.

E 8

45. The city of Canton, which is the Colony's chief commercial neighbour, was occupied by Japanese military forces in the final quarter of 1938, and, as a direct result, all trade routes between the Colony and the areas served by Canton were entirely disrupted, and at the close of the year there were no signs of any early re-opening of the normal trade routes by sea, rail, road or air. In each of the first three quarterly periods of 1938 the trade of the Colony with South China averaged $70.9 millions per quarter; in the final quarter of the year it fell to $32.6 millions.

46. As a further result of the extension of Japanese hostilities to South China there was a marked falling off in the number of entrances and clearances of junks and river boats. In 1938 7,919 junks entered and cleared as compared with 12,062 in 1937, and 7,443 river vessels as compared with 8,852 in 1937.

47. Prior to the Japanese blockade of South China ports the China tea trade was transferred to the Colony with the result that the trade figures of the Colony were abnormally swollen. Total imports and exports of tea in 1938 amounted to $33.0 millions as compared with $7.5 millions in 1937,

48. In order to estimate with greater accuracy the increase or decrease in the actual volume of the trade of the Colony than is possible by a statement of value only, an index figure was constructed taking the year 1931 as a base. For the purposes of this index number some 185 articles were selected, including the com- monest which could be enumerated by quantity. The comparison is given below:-

1932

1933

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

لحمد

1931=100.

By Quantity. By Value.

92.3

84.6

89.1

67.9

74.8

56.4

78.1

57.0

84.2

61.3

119.7

83.6

101.5

83.8

6th May, 1939.

E. W. HAMILTON,

Superintendent, Imports & Exports.

E 9

Table I.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE FOR LAST THREE YEARS.

(1)

Personal Emoluments

1936.

1937.

1938.

$

$

$

321,591.63 363,839.82 376,783.79

Other Charges :—

Advertisements

. 19.58

Binding Permits

Torches & Batteries

120.00 38.40

120.00

120.00

225.46

160.88

Conveyance Allowances

4,819.44

4.843.34

4,871.90

Electric Light Fans & Heating

249.09

1,382.12

1,316.91

Gas for Laboratory

132.99

166.06

145.06

Incidental Expenses

344.76

442.82

354.43

Laboratory Stores

604 17

717.83

895.06

Liquor Labels, Printing

1,488.00

1,795.00

1,965.00

Office Cleaning Materials

189.28

174.47

222.59

Overtime Allce for Clerical Staff

222.50

297.75

281.25

Rent of Public Telephone

103.17

114.00

Rent of Staff Quarters in N.T.

1,680.00

1,680.00

1,680.00

Stationery &c.,

52.80

52.95

107.59

Transport

Uniforms & Equipment

Opium-Incidental Expenses

Preparation & Carriage

1,037.57

825.54

1,032.43

4,259.41

3,461.01

5,805.46

60.66

1,296.13

15.68 20,123.54

25.10

22,519.12

Rewards for illicit Opium

Seizures

35,202.00

31,750.00

12,471.00

Transport

24.00

22.00

17.20

Expenses of 13 Govt. Opium

Shops

23,536.31

17,880.80

17,938.89

Purchase of Govt. Prepared

Opium

23,786.38

Statistical Branch:

Book Binding

Cleaning Materials

132.00

120.00

120.00

84.83

77.90

62.68

Electric Light & Heating

390.90

308.61

362.07

Incidental Expenses

156.88

198.44

192.67

Miscellaneous Stationery

10.74

3.54

Printing of Reports

6,910.00

6,858.00

6,972.00

Transport

77.44

Uniforms for Coolies & Messengers

111.50

77.97 87.38

75.07

112.23

Total Other Charges......... 107,018.18

93,830.96

79,940.59

Special Expenditure :-

Purchase of 1 Gestetner Duplicator

1 Long Carriage Typewriter...

Total Special Expenditure.........

945.00

336.00

336.00

945.00

Total: $428,609.81 $458,006.78 $457,669.38

Footnote:- -(1) Includes Officers of Cadet, S.C. & A. Staff & Junior Clerical Service.

Duties:-

Liquor Duties

Motor Spirit Duties

Tobacco Duties

Licences & Internal Revenue:-

Liquor Licences

Motor Spirit Licences

Opium Monopoly

Tobacco Licences

Fines & Forfeitures:-

Forfeitures

Fees of Court or Office:-

Official Signatures Fees Official Certificates

Miscellaneous Receipts:-

Other Miscellaneous Receipts

Table II.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF REVENUE FOR LAST THREE YEARS.

Gross.

$

1936.

Net.

Gross.

$

1937.

Net.

Gross.

$

$

1938.

Net.

$

2,261,915.14 697,766.10

2,166,854.58

2,504,330.70

2,393,904.53

3,048,480.44

2,959,386.93

4,428,459.30

695,298.75 4,066,518.73

809,022.49

6,601,683.40

799,303.73 4,432,203.16

964,300.44 8,528,036.29

955,033.69 5,190,701.10

176,009.17

176,009.17

162,115.84

162,115.84

161,587.50

161,587.50

3,650.00

3,650.00

3,860.00

3,860.00

435,733.81

432,026.11

73,293.00

73,293.00

317,789.60

72,359.50

314,769.60

72,359.50

4,085.00

348,090.64

82,504.50

4,085.00

*345,090.64

82,504.50

23.15

23.15

77.92

77.92

14,432.00

14,432.00

3,700.00

21,229.00

3,700.00

21,229.00

9,265.00

17,928.00

9,265.00

17,924.00

4,831.40

4,831.40

4,572.77

4,572.77

17,795.16

17,795.16

8,096,113.07

7,632,936.89

10,500,741.22 8,208,096.05 13,182,072.97 9,743,373.52

*Less Opium Expenses shown in Table I=$52,971.31-Net $292,119.33.

|

- E 10

E 11

Table III.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE & REVENUE FOR LAST THREE YEARS.

Year.

Personal (1) Emoluments and Other Charges.

Special Expenditure.

Total Expenditure.

Total Revenue.

1936

1937

1938

$

€

$

428,609.81

428,609.81

7,632,936.89

457,670.78

336.00

458,006.78

8,208.096.05

456,724.38

945.00

457,669.38

9,743.373.52

(1) Includes Officers of Cadet Service, S.C. & A.

Junior Clerical Service attached to Department.

Table IV.

Staff and

RETURN OF LIQUOR DUTY COLLECTED DURING THE YEAR 1938.

EUROPEAN TYPE LIQUOR.

Class of Liquor.

Gallons.

Amount of Duty collected.

Ale, Beer, Cider and Stout,

423,885

339.111.49

Beer (Local)

209,480

146,636.35

Brandy

16,186

161,858.22

(Empire)

4,084

20,420.64

Whisky,

37,692

376,915.90

Gin and Cocktail,

20,427

204,271.89

Rum,

3.044

30,441.62

Champagne and Sparkling Wine,

3,082

40,061.61

Claret,

1,537

7,682.69

Port Wine,

7,097

42,581.91

Sherry, Madeira and Malaga,

4,713

28,275.79

Vermouth,

3,059

15,293.75

Liqueur,

2,575

33,475.37

Spirits of Wine,

23,533

132,738.53

Spirituous Liquor,

18,004

44,395.49

Miscellaneous,

9,436

47,181.57

Difference on over-proof, fractions and arrears of duty,

9,288.32

TOTAL,.....

787,834

1,680,631.14

NOTE:-Fractions of a gallon are not shown in this Table.

E 12

Table V.

RETURN OF LIQUOR DUTY COLLECTED DURING THE YEAR 1938.

CHINESE AND JAPANESE LIQUOR.

Liquor

distilled

locally.

Amount of duty collected.

Imported Amount of

Liquor. duty collected.

Total amount of duty

collected.

Gallons.

$

Gallons.

Native Spirits not more than 25% of alcohol by weight

725,963

1,088,944.50

44,543

77,949.49

1,166,893.99

Native Spirits over 25% of alcohol by weight Northern Spirits over 25% of alcohol by weight,

15,332

30,124.56

4,955

150,289.64

180,414.20

45,963

Northern Spirits not more than 25% of alcohol by weight

Japanese Sake,

9,890 2,155

17,307.93 3,233.18

17,307.93

3,233.18

Total...

$1,367,849.30

NOTE:-Fractions of a gallon are not shown in this Table.

Table VI.

SUMMARY OF REVENUE COLLECTED FROM LIQUOR DURING THE YEAR 1938.

$

&

Duties on European Type Liquor,

1,503,497.12

Duties on Spirituous Liquor,

177,134.02

Duties on Chinese and Japanese Liquor,

1,367,849.30

Brewery Licence Fees,

400.00

Liquor Dealer's Licence Fees,

32,000.00

Distillery Licence Fees,

Chinese Spirits Shop Licence Fees,

500.00

126,387.50

Chinese Liquor Importer's Licence Fees,

2,300.00

Total,.

$3,210,067.94

Refund of Liquor Duties,

89,093.51

Net Total,......

$3,120,974.43

E 13

Table VII.

RETURN OF DUTY PAID ON TOBACCO FOR THE YEAR 1938.

Class of Tobacco.

lbs.

Duty.

$

Cigars

12,233

31,805.80

Cigarettes

433,765

705,182.09

European Tobacco

23,059

39,200.30

Chinese Prepared Tobacco

12,958

18,141.20

Clean Tobacco Leaf

25,044

31,305.00

Raw Tobacco Leaf. (Empire)

301,376

271,238.40

Raw Tobacco Leaf. (Non-Empire)

Snuff

6,755.595

7,431,154.50

5

9.00

Total

(1) Duty Paid on Tobacco for the year

Less Drawbacks

(2) Licence fees.

Retailer's

Squatter's

Importer's

Manufacturer's

Licensed Warehouse

Miscellaneous

$8,528,036.29

$8,528,036.29

$3,337,335.19

Net Revenue........

$5,190,701.10

$

70,268.00

3,272.00

4,400.00

2,800.00

1,600.00

281.66

$

82,621.66

NOTE :-Fractions of a pound are not shown in this Table.

Motor Spirit Duties

E 14

Table VIII.

MOTOR SPIRIT DUTIES 1938.

Licensed Warehouse Licence Fees Importer's Licence (General) Fees

Importer's Licence (Special) Fees Retailer's Licence Fees

MOTOR SPIRIT.

LICENCES ISSUED DURING THE YEAR 1938.

Licensed Warehouse Licences

Importer's Licences (General)

Importer's Licences (Special) Retailer's Licences

Table IX.

$955,033.69

1,750.00

1,700.00

300.00

335.00

$959,118.69

7.

17.

3.

67.

TOTAL AMOUNT OF PREPARED OPIUM SOLD DURING THE YEAR 1938.

Kam Shan Bengal Opium

Singapore Opium

3,255.00 taels. 21,774.22

وو

Table X.

Total:-

25,029.22 taels.

STATEMENT OF OPIUM TRANSHIPPED DURING THE YEAR 1938.

From Bushire via Bombay

То Масао

From Hamburg

To Kumning via Haiphong

Total:

Turkish Iranian Chests. Chests. Chests.

Total

450

450

450

450

6

6

6

6

CO

· 450

456

||

E 15

Table XA.

STATEMENT OF OPIUM IN TRANSIT DURING THE YEAR 1938.

Turkish Iranian Total Chests. Chests. Chests.

There were no movements of this description during the year under review.

Table XI.

CONTRABAND SEIZED BY REVENUE OFFICERS IN HONG KONG AND KOWLOON, 1938.

(1) Opium.

Prepared Raw

Opium Dross

(2) Arms.

Revolver

Ammunition

(3) Tobacco.

Seizures.

10,941.3 taels.

893

20,851.5 taels.

184

28.5 taels.

6

4

4

25

3

Cigars

980

3

Cigarettes

6,900

7

Chinese Tobacco ...

6,929 lbs.

288

(4) Liquor.

Chinese Spirit

1,689 gallons. gallons.

167

1

European Spirit

(5) Dangerous Drugs.

Heroin

Heroin Pills

(6) Miscellaneous.

Illicit Stills

Forged Bank Notes

Lottery Tickets

Small Craft Confiscated

Unmanifested Cargo.

Silver Ingots Silver Dollars

Wolfram Ore

31 ozs.

2,297,177 pills.

155 stills.

9

581

124

150 ($5 Notes) 1

262

Tickets.

10

2

10

63 pieces.

1

3,241 pieces. 3,213 lbs.

1

57

E 16

Table XIA.

ANNUAL REPORT OF CONTBABAND SEIZED BY REVENUE OFFICERS IN

NEW TERRITORIES, 1938.

(1) Opium.

Prepared Opium

Raw Opium

Seizures.

10.37 taels.

15

300.60 taels.

16

(2) Tobacco.

Chinese Prepared Tobacco

3674 lbs.

46

Cigarettes

490 pcs.

1

(3) Liquor.

Chinese Spirit

414 gallons.

22

(4) Dangerous Drugs.

Heroin Pills

129,829 pills.

6

(5) Miscellaneous.

Stills

Chinese Tobacco

Tobacco

Cigarettes

Chinese Spirits

Japanese Spirits

Table XIB.

CONTRABAND SEIZED BY THE POLICE, 1938.

10 Nos.

9

2,252.01 lbs.

1.00 lb.

3,500

447.21 gals.

.75 gal.

Raw Opium (Chinese & Iranian)

5,931.90 taels.

Prepared Opium (2nd and 3rd grade)

.1,806.33 taels.

Opium Dross

12.00 taels.

(1) Opium.

E 17

Table XII.

PROSECUTIONS BY IMPORTS & EXPORTS DEPARTMENT IN HONG KONG & KOWLOON, 1938.

Possession

Boiling

Exporting

(2) Arms.

Possession (Revolver)

Possession (Ammunition)

Convic- Bail Es-

Arrests.

tions. treated.

1,041.

986

20

18

13

7

4

1

133

4

3

♡ 2

(3) Tobacco.

Possession Cigars

Possession Cigarettes

3

6

CO LO

3

5

Possession Chinese Tobacco

266

230

Importing

1

1

Unlicensed Selling

3

1

(4) Liquor.

Possession European Wine Possession Chinese Spirit

1

1

165

141

2

Possession Stills

96

77

Distilling

Unlicensed Selling

(5) Dangerous Drugs.

Possession Heroin

Possession Heroin Pills

(6) Miscellaneous.

Unmanifested Cargo

Forged Bank Notes

Lottery Tickets

57

46

2

1

10

4

588

564

1

78

64

CO

3

1

1

2

1

Total:

2,352

2,148

27

Table XIIA.

ANNUAL REPORT OF PROSECUTION BY IMPORTS & EXPORTS

DEPARTMENT IN NEW TERRITORIES, 1938.

Arrests.

Convic- Bail Es-

tions.

treated.

(1) Opium.

Possession

31

30

(2) Tobacco.

Possession Chinese Tobacco

46

38

Possession Cigarettes

1

1

(3) Liquor.

Chinese Spirit

24

18

N

Possession Still

Illegal Distilling

1

1

1

1

| |

(4) Dangerous Drugs.

Possession Heroin Pills

12

7

Total:-

116

96

2

E 18

Table XIII.

Fines and Forfeitures collected by the Courts under Opium, Liquor & Tobacco Ordinances.

Hong Kong Magistracy

$15,938.45

Kowloon

وو

District Office, North

District Office, South

6,479.88

715.06

318.80

$23,452.19

REWARDS PAID.

For Opium

$12,471.00

For Drugs, Liquor & Tobacco &c.

17,165.16

$29,636.16

Table XIV.

ANNUAL RETURN OF OPIUM & DANGEROUS DRUG SEIZURES

FOR THE YEAR, 1938.

Raw Opium:-

Chinese

Iranian

Prepared Opium:-

Red Lion

Canton

Kwong Chow Wan

Doubtful

Opium Dross

Opium Water

Dangerous Drugs:-

Diacetylmorphine Hydrochloride Diacetylmorphine Pills

No. of Cases.

Quantity in Taels.

204

25,075

72

2,009

Total:-

276

27,084

20

5,056

50

373

52

5,694

967

1,635

Total:

1,089

12,758

10

40 Taels.

17

43 Gals.

8

671

30 11/15 ozs. 2,713,181 pills.

E 19

Table XV.

ANNUAL RETURN OF MAJOR SEIZURES OF OPIUM FOR THE YEAR 1938.

Place of Seizure.

Kind of Opium.

Taels.

Destination indicated by Circumstances of Seizure

S.S. Kong Ning, Victoria

Harbour

Chinese, Raw

1000. Hong Kong.

Kowloon Godown

Chinese, Raw

650

Europe.

S.S. Wing Wo

Chinese, Raw

8420

Hong Kong.

S.S. Wing Wo

Kwong Chow Wan,

Prepared

2320

Hong Kong.

Fishing Junk No. 6016HC, Victoria Harbour

Red Lion, Prepared...

2065

Hong Kong.

S.S. Tai Po Sek

Kwong Chow Wan,

Prepared

660

Hong Kong.

459 Reclamation St. 1st

floor

Chinese, Raw

690

Hong Kong.

S.S. Kong So .....

Chinese, Raw

500

Hong Kong.

S.S. Towerfield at Taikoo.

Dock

Red Lion, Prepared... 1533

Japan.

Lockhart Road

Chinese, Raw

779

Hong Kong.

S.S. Aramis, No. 4 Wharf, Kowloon Godown

Chinese, Raw

680 French Indo China.

Junk No. 3555 HO, West

Lamma Channel

Chinese, Raw

3000

Hong Kong.

Junk No. 3555 HO, West

Lamma Channel

Kwong Chow Wan,

Prepared

1107

Hong Kong.

S.S. Marechal Joffre, along- side Kowloon Godown Wharf

Chinese, Raw

1440

Shanghai,

S.S. Empress of 'Russia, alongside Kowloon Go-

down Wharf

Chinese, Raw

780

Shanghai.

Sampan 948C, West Point... Chinese, Raw

900

Hong Kong.

S.S. Maerkerk, Victoria

Harbour

Red Lion, Prepared ...

800

Manila or Singapore.

- E 20

Table XVI.

IMPORTATION OF DANGEROUS DRUGS DURING THE YEAR 1938.

Kilos.

Codeine as Alkaloid

3.226

Codeine, in preparations containing

0.268

Ethylmorphine

0.045

Ethylmorphine, in preparations containing.

0.432

Medicinal Opium, in preparations containing

15.000

Medicinal Opium

2.000

Morphine as alkaloid, salts and preparations containing

2.002

Cocaine as alkaloid, salts and preparations containing

0.898

Dicodide, in preparations containing

nil

Eukodal, in preparations containing

0.032

Brewery Licence

Dealer's Licence

Table XVII.

LICENCES ISSUED DURING THE YEAR 1938.

LIQUOR.

Licenced Warehouse Licence

Chinese Liquor Shop Licence

Chinese Liquor Importer's Licence Restricted Grocer's Licence

Distillery Licence :--

(a) Hong Kong and Aplichau

(b) Kowloon, South of Kowloon Hills. (c) New Territories, North

(d) New Territories, South

Importer's Licence

Retailer's Licence:--

(a) $30.00

(b) $20.00

(c) $10.00

(d) Nominal Fee $1.00

Squatter's Licence $8.00

Delivery Coolie Licence $8.00

Licenced Warehouse Licence

Manufacturer's Licence

42 3

1

32

1

203

23

31

4

13

TOBACCO.

44

.1424

.1163

425

22 3,034

383.

26

7

18

E 21

Table XVIII.

CERTICATES OF ORIGIN.

Table showing Registration of Factories for purpose of Issue of Certificates of Origin, and the number of such Certificates for the period 1. 1. 38 to 31. 12. 38.

No. of Certifi-

Number

State of

Register

Regis-

Enterprise.

tered

Number State of Removed Register

on

31. 12. 37

during

during

cates of

on

1938.

31. 12. 38

Origin

1938.

issued.

Aerated Water & prop. med.

1

1

4

Batteries for flashlamps

13

1

1

13

170

Beer

1

1

6

Bulbs for flashlamps

3

3

54

Buttons

1

1

Camphorwood & teakwood boxes

14

3

2

15

669

Canning & preserving

14

1

15

237

Cement

1

1

142

Chemicals

1

1

1

Cigarettes & Cigars

3

3

10

Clothing i.e. tailored suits

5

5

Confectionery and biscuits

Cosmetics and perfumery

4

6

10

1

11

323

Dyeing paper

1

1

Embroidery

1

4

5

*

Feather dusters

1.

1

7

Firecrackers

1

1

SO

Flashlights

16

2

1

17

832

Garments, made up

29

5

LO

2

32

2,462

Glass Bottles

3

3

11

Handkerchiefs

1

1

*

Hardware

Hats and caps

Hurricane lamps

*Included in Garments.

2

2

18

1

1

00

578

1

60

E 22

Table XVIII-Continued.

Number

State of

Enterprise.

Register Regis-

on

31. 12. 37

tered during 1938.

CERTIFICATES OF ORIGIN-Continued (1).

Number State of Removed Register

on

No. of Certifi-

cates of

during

1938.

31. 12. 38

Origin issued.

Ink

1

1

Ivoryware

3

3

3

Knitted Ware

83

13

co

93

6,849

125

Leather & art. leather goods

16

3

19

25

Lard and dried meats

7

7

48

Mosquito destroyer

4

4

22

Mirrors

4

4

Noodles and Macaroni

1

1

Oil, groundnut

2

1

CO

82

3

Paint, varnish and lacquer

2

2

30

Pencils and crayons

1

1

Printing, paper and cartons etc. .....

3

CO

1

3

Printing Silk

14

3

1

4

205

Rattan and seagrass ware

17

17

Rope

1

1

5

Silverware

1

1

1

Shoes, leather & misc. footwear

21

21

367

Shoes, rubber

4

4

1,397

Soap

2

2

String

2

2

15

Sugar refining

1

1

273

Thread

1

1

1

Toothpicks

1

1

Towels & napkins

.now included in Weaving......

Umbrellas

11

12

4

153

1

Vermillion

4

Weaving

90

26

2

44

1,116

Motor boat hull

1

Totals:-

316

68

12

402

16,403

3

E 23

Table XIX.

COMPARATIVE TABLE OF NUMBERS OF DECLARATIONS RECEIVED AND ITEMS ENTERED

THEREFROM IN 1938 AND 1938.

Declarations.

Items.

1937

1938.

1937.

1938.

January

46,643

40,455

101,247

87,229

February

38,164

26,806

81,194

63,265

March

55,429

48,187

123,187

107,703

April

53,303

44,897

121,109

99,817

May

53,192

44,987

116,991

99,687

June

53,741.

39,294

116,271

84,481

July

52,534

38,670

113,338

82,800

August

48.432

44,280

106,092

95,574

September

38,032

42,956

84,913

95,595

October

28,472

35,437

68,830

84,512

November

42,441

28,373

93,785

70,289

December

44,007

32,371

99,962

78,407

Total:-

554,390

466,713 1,226,919

1,049,359

Average :-

46,199

38,893

102,243

87,447

Table XX.

NUMBER OF MANIFESTS RECEIVED DURING 1938.

Ocean.

River.

Junk.

Total.

January

February

March

723

512

1,299

2,534

586

394

790

1,770

770

584

1,347

2,701

April

850

635

947

2,432

May

819

701

701

2,221

June

764

669

511

1,944

July

696

676

497

1,869

August

734

788

381

1,903

September

665

684

308

1,657

October

626

575

317

1,518

November

534

583

307

1,424

December

587

642

514

1,743

Total:

8,354

7,443

7,919

23,716

Average per month :-

696

620

660

1,976

E 24

Table XXI.

COMPARATIVE TABLE OF NUMBER OF MANIFESTS Received in 1937 & 1938.

Inward.

Outward.

1937.

1938.

1937.

1938.

Ocean

5.302

4,064

5,567

4,200

River

4,442

3,699

4,410

3,744

Junk

6,149

4,101

5,913

3,818

Total:-

15,893

11,864

15,890

11,852

1937.

1938.

Grand Total :-

31,783

23,716

Average per month :-

2,648

1,976

Appendix F.

REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE ROYAL OBSERVATORY, HONG KONG, FOR THE YEAR 1938.

I. GROUNDS, BUILDINGS AND INSTRUMENTS.

The typhoons of 16-17 August, 1936 and 1-2 September, 1937 demonstrated that the Dines recorder installed in 1910 was incapable of registering the maximum gusts possible during the passage of these storms. Two instruments designed to register gusts up to 200 miles per hour were therefore obtained for the Observatory and Victoria Peak stations.

The instrument for the latter station was temporarily installed in the south eastern corner of the Royal Observatory on 24th September, the head being 35 feet above the roof; the Beckley anemograph was dismantled on 1st October and the Dines on 4th October in order that a larger recording room could be erected upon the roof. This room was completed on 21st November and both old and new Dines recorders installed therein, together with the original Baxendell apparatus for recording wind direction which had been discarded in 1912.

Either pressure recorder may now be utilised by means of suitable two-way cocks. The original Dines head is retained pending the arrival of one of modern type from England. At the end of the year the Victoria Peak instrument was still in its temporary position, and the adapted observatory instrument occupied the former position of the Beckley, the head being 40 feet above the roof.

II. METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS.

2. Automatic records of the temperature of the air and evaporation were obtained with the resistance thermometers and thread recorder. Direction and velocity of the wind were recorded with Beckley and Dines-Baxendell anemographs, rainfall by a Casella pluviograph, sunshine by a Campbell-Stokes universal recorder and barometric pressure by a Marvin barograph. Eye observations of barometric pressure, temperature and cloud were made hourly, and of the direction of cloud motion every three hours. Observations of pilot balloons were made with a Watts 14 inch prismatic theodolite at 9 a.m, and 3 p.m. when conditions were favourable.

The principal features of the weather in 1938 were:-

3.

(a) a great deficiency of rainfall, the year being the driest since 1895. The total rainfall for the year amounted to only 55.35 inches against a normal of 85.16 inches, rainfall being below normal in every month of the year except February, March and October.

(b) the prevalence of very warm sunny weather in April and June. In April the duration of sunshine was the highest on record and the temperature was well above the average, while in June both the duration of sunshine and the mean temperature were the highest on record.

(c) the unusually early typhoon of May 3rd-4th. The typhoon passed within 100 miles to the south-east of Hong Kong at midnight. During its passage the barometer fell to 29.36 inches (reduced to m.s.l.), which is the lowest pressure ever recorded in May. Although the wind never reached gale force in the harbour, the maximum gust of 63 m.p.h. is also a record for the month.

(d) an exceptional immunity from typhoon gales. The only occasion on which the wind velocity exceeded 60 m.p.h. in a gust was during the May typhoon mentioned above. The local typhoon signals were displayed for only 63 hours during the year. The shortest periods

during which they were displayed in previous years were 68 hours in 1928 and 74 hours in 1929.

4. The tracks of 24 typhoons which occurred in the Far East in 1938 are given in plates which will be included with the Meteorological Results for 1938, now in the press.

The following tables give summaries of the meteorological data published monthly in the Government Gazette during the year :—

1938

Temperature.

Humidity.

Wind.

Cloud-

Sun-

Rain

Absolute Mean

Mean

Month.

Abs.

iness.

shine

Direc-

Velo-

Mean

Rel.

Abs.

Max.

Max..

Min.

Min.

tion.

city.

ins.

%

hrs.

ins.

p.m.h

January

76.8

65.7

60.2

56.7

48.2

77

0.41

72

133.0

0.355

E by N

11.9

February

77.6

63.3

58.8

55.7

47.2

80

0.40

69

104.2

4.685

E by N

13.2

March

82.7

68.0

63.0

59.5

46.5

85

0.50

87

83.4

5.745

E by N

13.6

April

85.9

77.7

72.0

68.1

61.3

80

0.63

54

204.7

1.855

E

11.1

May

88.5

83.5

78.5

75.1

67.1

84

0.82

77

162.3

8.705

E by S

10.2

June

93.6

89.0

83.8

80.2

77.0

80

0.92

60

260.8

2.990

S by E

1

7.7

July

94.0

87.4

82.3

79.0

76.4

83

0.91

71

204.6

12.235 SE by S

9.6

F 2

August

90.4

87.1

81.9

78.5

75.9

84

0.91

77

158.1

7.885

SSW

6.7

}

September

90.7

86.3

81.6

78.5

75.0

80

0.86

70

157.1

4.265

E by N

11.5

October

88.5

82.7

77.8

73.9

66.0

76

0.73

49

233.5

6.095

E by N

8.6*

November

80.5

74.2

69.4

65.7

56.9

67

0.49

60

157.0

0.530

NE by E

9.5*

December

78.2

69.5

64.7

60.9

51.1

76

0.47

72

123.7

0.010

ENE

8.8*

Mean, Total or

Extreme

94.0

77.9

72.8

69.3

46.5

79

0.67

68

1982.4 55.355

E

*Wind velocity was obtained from the records of the Beckley Anemograph until 30th September and from the Dines Anemograph subsequently. To compare Beckley values with Dines the former should be reduced 27%.

RAINFALL, 1938.

F 3

STATION.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Year.

Ins.

ins.

ins.

ins.

ins.

ins.

ins.

ins.

ins.

ins.

ins.

ins.

ins.

Royal Observatory

0.35

4.69

6.75

1.85

8.71

2.99 12.23

7.89

4.27

6.09

0.53

0.01

55.36

Botanical Gardens

0.17

4.42

6.11

2.00

10.42

1.93

11.36

9.87

5.48

5.13

0.56

0.03

57.48

Victoria Peak

0.49

4.49

6.85

2.16

9.47

1.97

13.57

11.43

5.39

4.94

0.48

0.21

61.45

Mount Kellett

(Matilda Hospital)

0.27

4.01

5.43

2.04

11.13

2.33

8.40

8.12

5.32

5.34

0.57

0.19

53.15

Pokfulam

(Water Works)

0.11

3.79

5.64

2.00

14.20

1.87

9.16

9.92

3.92

6.17

0.43

0.05

57.26

Aberdeen (W.W.

0.16

3.87

6.14

1.69

13.64

3.49

9.54

8.60

5.65

6.90

0.32

0.02

60.02

Wong Nei Chong

(Water Works)

0.49

3.39

6.09

2.26

11.75

5.20

13.88

9.69

5.27

7.14

0.30

0.06

65.52

Tytam (Water Works)

0.39

3.60

6.28

2.41

14.42

4.37

11.51

10.82

4.80

7.04

0.64

0.11

66.39

Tytam Tuk (W.W.)

0.38

3.17

6.24

2.10

13.25 3.43

11.14

11.00

5.31

5.90

0.51

0.11 62.54

Kowloon Reservoir.

(Water Works)

0.26

5.05

6.33

2.37

6.08

1.88

9.13

11.41

8.13

8.45

0.37

0.00

59.46

Shek Li Pui (W.W.)

0.16

4.64

6.17

2.32

4.61

1.10

7.59

10.67

7.07

7.66

0.25

0.00

52.24

Shing Mun No. 1

(Water Works)

0.04

4.96

6.42

2.68

6.83

2.68

12.71

15.29

7.85

10.95

0.24

0.00

70.65

Shing Mun No. 2

(Water Works)

0.04

5.37

7.69

2.78

6.64

2.59

11.89

13.95

7.27

10.46

0.19

0.00

68.87

Shing Mun No. 3

(Water Works)

0.04

4.57

6.39

2.60

5.44

1.96

10.39

12.91

6.45

9.69

0.17

0.00

60.61

Un Long (W.W.)

0.13

4.13

8.52

2.92

7.85

1.68

4.31

7.83

5.26

6.80

0.05

0.00

49.48

Tai Po (Police)

0.64

6.07

8.52

3.21

7.17

3.13

10.88

9.35

4.78

6.91

0.54

0.06

61.26

Sai Kung (Police)

0.36

5.70

6.31

2.55

9.37

2.80

8.43

12.62

5.82

6.19

0.30

0.07

60.52

Lok Ma Chau (Police)

0.17

3.59

5.49

3.36

5.58

1.36

4.70

9.98

7.12

5.91

0.31

0.21

47.78

Ping Shan (Police)...

0.16

4.44

8.38

3.75

9.16

1.47

4.90

7.60

7.29

4.62

0.09

0.00

51.86

Cheung Chau (Police)

0.00

3.72

5.56

1.80

8.50

1.10

9.78

8.36

6.48

4.81

0.12

0.01

50.24

Fanling (Royal H.K.

Golf Club)

0.37

3.86

7.96

3.77

8.97

1.29

7.45

14.90

8.20

6.88

0.43

0.09

64.17

F 4

III. PUBLICATIONS.

5. The following publications have been made during 1938 :--

Magnetic Results, 1937.

Meteorological Results, 1937.

The Law of Storms in the China Sea.

The following are in the press :-

Magnetic Results, 1938.

Meteorological Results, 1938.

The Typhoon of April 29th-May 4th. App. B. to above.

A monthly abstract of meteorological observations is pubished in the Government Gazette and copies are supplied to any firm or individual requiring them, and a monthly seismological bulletin is issued and distributed to other observatories.

6. A weather map of the Far East for 6 a.m. of 120th meridian time is constructed daily and forecasts are issued for the following districts:--

A. Shanghai to Turnabout.

B. Turnabout to Hong Kong.

C. Hong Kong and neighbourhood.

D. Hong Kong to Hainan.

E. Northern China Sea.

The map, weather report and forecast are exhibited at the Hong Kong and Kowloon Ferry piers, the Harbour Office, Telegraph Offices and General Post Office. The weather map may be purchased by the public at a subscription rate of 15 dollars There were 31 subscribers in 1938. A weather map for 2 p.m. is per annum. also prepared but is not published. Morning and afternoon weather reports and forecasts, together with observations made at 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., are published in the local press.

IV. WEATHER TELEGRAMS, FORECASTS AND STORM WARNINGS.

7. The telegraph Companies continue to transmit twice daily, free of charge, meteorological observations from Vladivostock, Japan, Shanghai, Formosa, Indo- China and the Philippines.. Meteorological broadcasts by radio and the direct radio services of Sicawei and Pratas Island are extremely valuable. Extra observations at half cable rate are also obtainable from a number of stations by courtesy of the Telegraph Companies.

8. Weather Telegrams from ships by Radio-the following table gives the monthly number of ships from which radio meteorological messages have been received and the number of messages received (each arrival and departure is counted separately.)

Month.

No. of ships

F 5

British (Including H.M.

Ships)

H.M. Ships in

Port.

Other Nationalities.

No. of messages

No. of ships

No. of messages

No. of ships

No. of messages

No. of ships

January

208

321

February

175

294

10

March

221

362

aga

94

73

114

290

529

90

78

122

263

506

9

79

87

136

317

577

April

204

324

10

82

77

120

291

526

May

218

367

10

91

103

161

331

619

June

247

363

8

75

76

120

331

558

July

280

422

9

94

83

137

372

653

August

276 442 10

82

100

158

386

682

September

340

595

8

65

70

108

418

768

October

339 646

November

304

500

December

259 427

774

66

98

195

444

907

39

122 204

430

743

52 106

180

369

659

1938 3,0715,063

Totals.....

98 909 1.073 1937 1,874 2,955 100 1,134

1,016 1936 1,896 3,049 115 1,575 1,001 1935 1,795 2,864 128 1,612 935

1,755

4,242

7,727

1,699

2,990 5,788

1,568 3,012 6,192

1,519 | 2,858 | 5,995

9. Weather forecasts, storm warnings and time signals are distributed by radio telegraphy as detailed in the Notice to Mariners issued by this Department. Storm warnings to Hong Kong and vicinity are also given by means of the Local and Non-local Signal Codes. A telegraphic adaption of the Non-local Code is used for issuing warnings by cable to places outside the Colony.

10. Local signals, day and night, have been hoisted during the past 5 years according to the following table.

Warning Signal.

Signals 2-9.

Signal No. 10 Bombs.

Year

Number of times.

Number of hours displayed.

Number of

Number of

Number of

times.

hours displayed.

times Fired

1934

5

177

1

30

1935

4

86

3

60

1936

1937 1938

10 10 00

5

93

5

77.

1

5

80

5

53

1

3

34

3

29

V—METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS FROM SHIPS, TREATY PORTS, ETC.

11. In addition to meteorological registers kept at about 40 stations in China, meteorological logs were received from 112 ships operating in the Far East. These logs, representing 7596 days observations have been used for amplifying the weather maps and verifying typhoon tracks. The corresponding figures for 1937 were 125 and 7689.

Total.

No. of messages

F 6

VI-MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS.

12. The Magnetic Station at Au Tau has been kept in action throughout the year, and the results of the observations are now in the press.

VII-TIME SERVICE

13. Clocks Cottingham and Mercer 507 (Sidereal) and Leroy 1350 were in use throughout the year. The necessary astronomical observations for the deter- mination of the error of the former were obtained each evening (weather permitting) by the local staff. Observations of the radio time signals emitted by Nauen have been made daily whenever possible during the year and utilised for Clock regulation.

14. Time Signals were given throughout the year by radio from 9.55 a.m. to 10 a.m. each morning and 8.55 p.m. to 9 p.m. each evening. Dots of about 0.1 second duration were transmitted at each second except for periods marking the minutes and half minutes. The evening programme was duplicated by three white lights (vertical) on the radio mast, the lights being extinguished each second in accordance with the radio programme.

Hourly signals were sent to the General Post Office, Radio Studio, Railway, the associated Telegraph Companies and the Telephone Company.

The errors of the time signals have been published monthly in the Govern ment Gazette.

XI-MISCELLANEOUS.

15. Aviation service.-A synoptic chart of the Far East, on which is also all available information concerning upper winds, is prepared and exhibited in the aerodrome, and a senior officer is available for consultation by departing pilots. An hourly weather report is broadcast daily, usually from 0600 to 1600 Hong Kong Standard Time, and is communicated in Q code directly to incoming planes. A route forecast is also furnished to the pilots of outgoing planes.

16. Seismographs.-The seismographs have been kept in good order throughout the year, 372 earthquakes were recorded, compared with 398 in 1937. The seismographs have been forwarded to the International Seismological Commit- tee. Oxford.

17. Upper Air Research.-Observations of 667 pilot balloons were made during the year.

Details of the flights will be included in Meteorological Results for

1938.

Observations of upper air temperature, taken during acroplane flights, have been supplied to the Observatory by the personnel of the Far East Flying Training School Ltd., and of the Civil Airport, to whom acknowledgements are due. These observations were commenced on September 8th, and from that date until the end of the year 55 meteorological flights were undertaken. Flights usually extended to a height of 10,000 feet.

The results were plotted in the form of entropy diagrams at the Observatory; they have proved of material assistance in forecasting cloud formation, and it is hoped that they will add considerably to our knowledge of the structure of the atmosphere.

18. Lithography.-Lithographie work for other departments was undertaken as follows:

Colonial Secretariat

Medical Department

Map of Hong Kong

1,000

Medical Department

Map

Chart

450

500-

!

F 7.-

19. Expenditure.-The annual expenditure on the Observatory for the past 10 years has been as follows:--

Personal Emoluments

Year.

and Other

Special Expenditure.

Total

Total

Expenditure.

Revenue.

Charges.

$

¢

$

1929.

48,282.63

48,282.63

530.50

1930...

68,696.59

1,670.07

70,366.66

506.80

1931...

76,037.81

76.037.81

735.00

1932..

69,518.23

69,518.23

598.00

1933...

63,165.42

63,165.42

600.00

1934.

59,327.62

1,259.57

60,587.19

529.00

1935..

56,333.76

56,333.76

488.00

1936..

71,416.17

71,416.17

612.40

1937...

83,631.91

338.08

83,969.99

458.00

1938..

86,743.10

6,198.06

92,941.16

522.00

20. In the following table the expenditure and revenue for 1937 is compared with that for 1938.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE, 1937 AND 1938.

1937

1938

$

&

&

76,661.85

79,930.62

Personal Emoluments

Other Charges

Electric Light and Power

787.86

909.66

Gas

87.03

97.65

Incidental Expenses

430.77

411.37

Maintenance of Instruments and Plant

2,608.45

1,673.08

Postage

162.77

179.78

Printing

2,368.50

2,986.00

Rent of Public Telephone

117.00

117.00

Subscription to International Meteorological Organisation

80.00

161.31

Transport

192.50

120.17

Uniforms

135.18

156.43

Special Expenditure

Typewriter

Balloon Theodolite

Renewal of Anemographs

Total, Other Charges

Total, Royal Observatory

338.08

2,150.00

4,048.03

7,308.14

13,010.54

83,969.99

92,941.16

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF REVENUE, 1937 AND 1938.

Fees of Court or Office, Sale of Publications

1937

$

&

458.00

1938

$

522.00

F 8

―

21. Acknowledgements are here made to the Directors of the Weather Services of the Far East, the Chinese Maritime Customs, and the Commanders of all ships for the observations forwarded during the year, to the Telegraph Com- panies for continuing to forward observations free or at reduced rates, to the Police and other rainfall observers at out-stations, to all institutions and individuals who have contributed to the Library and to the Observatory Staff for the efficient performance of their duties. Special acknowledgements are due to the staffs of the Gap Rock and Waglan lighthouses for co-operation during the approach of typhoons, and for assistance to the aviation service.

Royal Observatory,

12th January, 1939.

C. W. JEFFRIES,

Director.

Appendix G.

REPORT OF THE REGISTRAR OF THE SUPREME COURT OFFICIAL TRUSTEE, OFFICIAL ADMINISTRATOR AND REGISTRAR OF COMPANIES FOR THE YEAR 1938.

ORIGINAL JURISDICTION.

196 actions were instituted in this jurisdiction during the year 1938 as against 172 in 1937.

The claims amounted to $1,056,615.63 as against $1,021,619.10 in 1937.

The fees collected amounted to $14,294.00 as against $13,647.25 in 1937. ⠀⠀

75 Miscellaneous Proceedings were heard during the year.

SUMMARY JURISDICTION.

1,383 actions were instituted during the year as against 1,582 in 1937.

The claims amounted to $336,104.49 as against $382,578.91 in 1937.

3,040 Distraints for rent were issued representing unpaid rents amounting to $304,233.87 as against 2,080 and $263,122.88 respectively in 1937.

The fees collected amounted to $29,194.75 as against $24,530.00 in 1937.

SUITORS' FUNDS.

The sum of $275,251.47 was paid into Court on judgments in actions and $259,896.03 paid out to the various judgment creditors.

CRIMINAL JURISDICTION.

426 persons were committed to stand their trial at the Criminal Sessions of whom 347 were convicted. Two defendants failed to appear and Bench Warrants were issued for their arrest, their bail being estreated.

APPELLATE JURISDICTION.

Criminal. There were 7 appeals against conviction or sentence on indictment. at the Criminal Sessions.

Magistrates'. There were 13 appeals against conviction or sentence by the Magistrates.

Civil. There were 8 appeals from judgments of the Supreme Court judges.

ADMIRALTY JURISDICTION.

Only three actions were instituted during the year. The fees collected amounted to $293.00 as against $142.00 in 1937.

PROBATE JURISDICTION.

432 grants (180 Probates and 252 Letters of Administration) were made by the Court.

G 2

77 grants by other British Courts were sealed, making a total of 509 grants made during the year compared with 402 in 1937.

:

Of the above number of Letters of Administration 6 were grants made to the Official Administrator.

Court fees in respect of all grants amounted to $26,159.00 as against $28,238.60 in 1937.

DIVORCE JURISDICTION.

6 new petitions were filed during the year. 8 decrees absolute were made, including 4 petitions pending at the end of 1937. 2 petitions were pending at the end of 1938. The fees collected amounted to $638.50 as against $426.50 in 1937.

OFFICIAL TRUSTEE.

The number of Trust Estates in the hands of the Official Trustee at the end of the year was 21. The invested funds totalled $142,318.81 and £1,850.0.0. producing an income including interest on fixed deposit of $10,478.15. No new trusts were opened during the year.

The amount of commission collected was $532.39 as against $123.60 in 1937. Several are charitable trusts and therefore not liable for commission.

OFFICIAL ADMINISTRATOR.

During the year 25 deceased estates were taken into the custody of the Official Administrator and 37 were wound up the latter figure including the 6 grants of Letters of Administration granted to the Official Administrator and mentioned in the Probate section above. Öfficial Administrator's commission amounted to $3,732.41 as against $1,622.64 last year.

COMPANIES REGISTRY.

84 new companies were registered bringing the total number of companies on the registers of this office at the end of the year to 764 of which 9 were in the course of liquidation. 56 were incorporated outside the Colony but carry on business within the Colony. 3 further companies ceased during the year to do business.

The fees collected from the above companies amounted to $26,611.31.

17 companies were removed from the register by reason of the cessation of their business. No company was transferred from the Hong Kong to the Shanghai Register. 5 companies were transferred from the Shanghai to the Hong Kong Register. No firms were registered under the Chinese Partnerships Ordinance, 1911 or the Limited Partnerships Ordinance, 1912 Deposits to the total value of $2,621,000.00 have been made by Insurance Companies under the Fire and Marine Insurance Companies Deposit Ordinance, 1917, $1,448,500.00 being cash deposits.

Deposits under the Life Insurance Companies Ordinance 1907, amount to $1,070,000.00 of which $230,141.62 is by cash deposits.

A deposit of £20,000 was made by one company under both Fire and Marine Insurance Companies Deposit Ordinance and the Life Insurance Companies Deposit Ordinance to cover business done under both of these Ordinances.

!

G 3

The fees collected for licences to companies to keep branch registers outside the Colony amounted to $2,249.91. The fees collected from the Registrar of Companies at Shanghai in respect of "China" companies amounted to $166,571.51.

The grand total of all fees collected is $168,821.42 as against $188,750.08 in 1937.

BILLS OF SALE.

72 Bills of Sale were registered during the year as against 31 in 1937.

REVENUE (FEES, COMMISSION, ETC.).

The total collected during the year amounted to $302,802.00 as against $292,166.35 in 1937.

E. P. H. LANG,

Registrar, Supreme Court,

Official Trustee, Official Administrator,

and Registrar of Companies.

:

Appendix G. (1).

REPORT OF THE OFFICIAL RECEIVER AND REGISTRAR OF TRADE

MARKS AND PATENTS FOR THE YEAR 1938.

BANKRUPTCY AND COMPANIES WINDING-UP.

AMOUNT OF INSOLVENCY.

The following comparative table shews the amount of insolvency in the Colony under the Banruptcy Ordinance, No. 10 of 1931, during the years 1937 and 1938.

Year.

1937

1938

No. of Receiving Orders and Adminis- tration Orders.

15

5

Liabilities as estimated by Debtors.

Assets as estimated by Debtors.

$1,450,540.67 22,686.63

$1,177,473.96

6,106.00

The amount of insolvency in 1938 under the Companies Ordinance, No. 39 of 1932, was nil.

GENERAL.

Ten petitions in bankruptcy were presented during 1938, four by creditors and six by debtors. Of these one was dismissed, four were adjourned and in the re- maining five cases Receiving Orders were made. In 1937 there were 14 petitions.

The failures in 1938 under the Bankruptcy Ordinance, 1931, included a Ginger business and various employees of commercial firms.

Six bankrupts were discharged during the year, one discharge was absolute, four were subject to suspension for 3 months and one to suspension for 12 months. No application for discharge was refused.

During the year dividends were declared in respect of nine bankrupt estates and one company in liquidation.

During the year the Court granted the Official Receiver his discharge from trusteeship in respect of five bankrupt estates fully administered.

FEES.

The total amount of the Official Receiver's statutory fees and commission un- der the Bankruptcy Ordinance, 1931, and the Companies Ordinance, 1932, was $6,236.86 for 1938 as against $19,306.57 for 1937. The decrease was due to the fact that there were no large failures in 1938.

2

BANKRUPTCY ESTATES ACCOUNT.

The payments into and out of the Bankruptcy Estates Account in respect of bankrupt estates in process of administration under the Bankruptcy Ordinance, 1931, for the years 1937 and 1938, have been as follows:

Payments in

Payments out

1937.

$134,512.38

139,901.98

1938.

$22,207.08

32,720.68

COMPANIES LIQUIDATION ACCOUNT.

The payments into and out of the Companies Liquidation Account in respect of companies in process of winding-up under the Companies Ordinance, 1982, for the years 1937 and 1938, have been as follows:-

Payments in

Payments out

1937.

$406,906.69

454,305.49

1938.

$11,609.38

1,181.67

REGISTRATION OF TRADE MARKS.

The following comparative table shews the business done under the Trade Marks Ordinance, 1909, during the years 1937 and 1938.

No. of applica-

Year

tions for regis-

tration received.

No. of Trade Marks registered.

No. of Registered Trade Marks

Fees

renewed.

1937

380

330

203

$20,843.00

1938

436

350

333

$22,355.57

REGISTRATION OF UNITED KINGDOM PATENTS.

The following comparative table shews the business done under the Registration of United Kingdom Patents Ordinance, 1932, during the years 1937 and 1938.

Year

No. of Patents registered.

Fees

1937

1938

8

15

$110

$186

3

STATEMENT OF REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE OF DEPARTMENT.

REVENUE.

EXPENDITURE.

$26,256.13

Under the Bankruptcy

Ordinance, 1931

...$3,816.82

Salaries of Officers

the Companies

Ordinance, 1932

2,420.04

Incidentals

the Trade Marks

Ordinance, 1909 ...... .22,355.57

the Registration of

Special

United Kingdom

Patents Ordinance,

1932

186.00

the Unclaimed

Balances Ordinance,

1929

.27,760.71

$56,539.14

Excess of Revenue = $30,057.94.

•

In 1937 the excess of revenue was $24,715.21.

165.57

59.50

$26,481.20

The increase of revenue in 1938 was due to a larger amount of unclaimed

balances.

L. R. ANDREWES,

Official Receiver and

Registrar of Trade Marks and Patents.

Appendix H.

REPORT OF THE HONG KONG AND KOWLOON MAGISTRACIES FOR THE YEAR 1938.

HONG KONG.

1. Mr. R. A. D. Forrest acted as First Police Magistrate and Coroner from the 1st January to the 13th March and from the 9th November to the end of the year.

Mr. H. R. Butters acted as First Police Magistrate and Coroner from the 14th March to the 8th November.

Mr. R. Edwards acted as Second Police Magistrate and Coroner from the 1st January to the 5th June and from the 10th July to the end of the year.

Mr. W. J. Lockhart-Smith acted as Second Police Magistrate and Coroner from the 6th June to the 9th July.

Mr. T. J. Houston acted as Third Police Magistrate and Coroner from the 3rd August to the end of the year.

The number of cases was 38,612 as compared with 38,091 in 1937.

KOWLOON.

2. Mr. K. Keen acted as First Police Magistrate and Coroner from 1st January to 9th January.

Mr. H. R. Butters acted as First Police Magistrate and Coroner from 10th January to 2nd February.

Mr. Q. A. A. Macfadyen acted as First Police Magistrate and Coroner from 3rd February to the end of the year.

Mr. K. M. A. Barnett acted as Second Police Magistrate and Coroner from 1st January to 11th November.

Mr. E. Himsworth acted as Second Police Magistrate and Coroner from 12th November to the end of the year.

A Third Court was in operation from 26th September to 10th November, Mr. E. Himsworth acting as Police Magistrate and Coroner.

The number of cases was 34,181 as compared with 30,220 in 1937.

GENERAL.

3. Table I shows the expenditure of the two Magistracies for the years 1937 and 1938, including the cost of all officers in the departments who belong to the Cadet, Senior Clerical and Accounting, and Junior Clerical services.

4. Table II shows the collections of the two Magistracies for the same years.

5. Table III shows their revenue and expenditure for the last ten years in comparative form.

H 2

6. Table IV gives an abstract of Cases under cognizance of the Magistrates' Courts during the years 1937 and 1938 in comparative form. The number of offenders previously convicted who were sentenced during the year is shown and the number of offenders who were placed under Police Supervision in addition to their sentences is given. Orders made for confiscation of unmanifested cargo, etc. are

also shown.

7. Table V is an analysis of the "convicted and sentenced" column in table IV, showing the penalties inflicted under each of the seven main heads of crime in that table. The number of offenders previously bound over whose bonds have been enforced on committing a breach of the conditions of the bonds is also shown.

8. Table VI is a return of boy juvenile offenders brought before the Hong Kong and Kowloon Magistrates' Courts during the years 1937 and 1938 giving their ages, the offences committed by them and the sentences imposed.

9. Table VII is a return of girl juvenile offenders, giving information similar to that in table VI.

10. Table VIII gives the number of writs issued from the two Magistracies during the years 1937 and 1938.

11. Table IX is an abstract of all cases brought before the Hong Kong and Kowloon Magistrates' Courts during the last ten years.

12. Table X shows the work done by the Magistrates sitting as Coroners.

13. The number of bonds enforced during the year is also shown in tables IV, VI, VII, and IX.

14. Proceedings were taken under the Extradition Acts against 2 persons for crimes committed outside the Colony. Both of them were discharged.

15. Summonses under the Separation and Maintenance Order Ordinance, 1935, in Hong Kong numbered 16 as against 4 in 1937. Orders were made in 9 of them. In Kowloon these summonses numbered 5 as against 5 in 1937. Orders were made in all of them.

16. There have been marked increases in convictions for various offences. The most serious is in respect of opium and heroin offences which in Hong Kong increased from 500 and 243 to 936 and 419 respectively. In Kowloon the increase was most startling from 351 and 84 to 1259 and 681 respectively. Drug addicts form a large percentage of the criminal population and divans are their favourite resorts.

There has been in both Magistracies a serious increase amounting to 25% in convictions for Larceny from the Person mainly earring snatching.

Increases of 100% are recorded in mendicancy cases. This is due mainly to the Sino Japanese incident.

Robbery (mainly armed) shews an increase due to the amount of arms in China.

17. The number of licensed hawkers has decreased but unlicensed ones have increased as measured by the number of convictions. Such cases form nearly half of the total cases heard and the magistrates feel doubtful whether the energy therein expended especially by the Police is of much avail.

18. Magisterial sentences for adults whether punitive or reformatory shew few changes. Noticeably fewer bonds were enforced and in Hong Kong fewer persons were bound over. The average fine paid has increased from $2.82 to $3.28; the number of persons fined having increased by 2,725 but the number imprisoned in default of a fine has dropped by nearly 400. This is due to lighter penalties being imposed.

1

H 3

19. Juvenile crime shews an increase in cases of pocket picking and snatching of earrings. A disquieting tendency of juveniles to work in gangs often under the tutelage of an adult is apparent. Another serious factor is that many juveniles aged 12-16 have previous convictions; the figures are 26 as against 6 and all are in Hong Kong. Several have been banished. Several juvenile drug addicts have appeared before the Court. The Juvenile Court is much handicapped in its reformative work without a Reformatory.

20. Sentences on juveniles shew an increase in canings ordered mainly in cases of larceny from the person. More bonds have been enforced against the delinquent's parents.

£1.

11. The Sino Japanese hostilities have had the following effects:

(a) an influx of poverty-stricken refugees leading to increased numbers of

beggars and hawkers.

(b) an influx of Shanghai criminals mainly pickpockets.

(c) an increase in muitsai cases of a technical nature.

(d) an increase in arms cases of a technical nature. )

7th March, 1939.

R. A. D. FORREST,

First Police Magistrate.

H 4

Table I.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE, 1937 AND 1938.

Personal Emoluments

OTHER CHARGES.

Electric Fans and Light

Fees for Interpretation

Incidental Expenses

Law Books

Transport

Uniform for Messengers

HONG KONG.

SPECIAL EXPENDITURE.

Typewriter

Total

Personal Emoluments (1)

KOWLOON.

1937.

1938.

$ 73,174.00

$109,793.00

201.00

308.00

173.00

193.00

353.00

425.00

67.00

72.00

173.00

134.00

66.00

144.00

288.00

$ 74,495.00

$111,069.00

1937.

1938.

$ 50,341.00

$ 66,820.00

OTHER CHARGES.

Electric Fans and Lights

366.00

492.00

Fees for Interpretation

69.00

76.00

Fuel Oil

63.00

Incidental Expenses

448.00

197.00

Transport

184.00

Uniform for Messengers

97.00

98.00

SPECIAL EXPENDITURE.

Law Books

One Typewriter

Total

158.00

119.00

288.00

$ 51,767.00

$ 68,049.00

(1) Includes officers of Cadet, S.C. & A., and J. C. Services.

Fines

Fees

H 5

Table II.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF COLLECTIONS 1937 AND 1938.

Forfeitures

Liquor (Temporary permit)

Arms forfeitures

Poor Box

Arms Fine Fund

Revenue Reward Fund

HONG KONG.

1937.

1938.

$ 64,893.00

$ 84,357.00

266.00

29,980.00

256.00

31,179.00

30.00

70.00

Other Miscellaneous Receipts (Fees for

warrants issued)

Total

Fines

Fees

Forfeitures

Poor Box

Arms Fine Fund

Revenue Reward Fund

Other Miscellaneous Receipts

KOWLOON.

1,490.00

2,628.00

50.00

9,858.00

170.00

15,938.00

20.00

$106,657.00

$134,618.00

1937.

1938.

$ 51,394.00

$ 62,348.00

184.00

319.00

7,286.00

7,600.00

772.00

1,045.00

10.00

185.00

8,205.00

6,730.00

66.00

62.00

Total

$ 67,917.00

$ 78,289.00

H 6

Table III.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE AND REVENUE

FOR LAST TEN YEARS.

HONG KONG.

Year.

Personal Emoluments and

Special

Total

other charges.

Expenditure.. Expenditure.

Total Revenue.

1929.

43,508.00.

43,508.00

95,333.00

1930

70,168.00

70,168.00

86,738.00

1931

70,000.00

70,000.00

136,913.00

1932

73,453.00

73,453.00

109,300.00

1933

69,259.00

115.00

69,374.00

126,559.00

1934

78,151.00

64.00

78,215.00

139,210.00

1..

1935

60,297.00

51.00

60,348.00

84,836.00

1936

62,109.00

62,109.00

85,596.00

1937

74,206.00

288.00

74,495.00

95,259.00

1938

111,069.00

111,069.00

115,882.00

KOWLOON.

1929

Figures not available.

1930

$21,223.00

$21,223.00

$61,687.00

1931

40,698.00

40,698.00

74,027.00

1932

38,067.00

38,067.00

65,175.00

1933

32,405.00

32,405.00

75,592.00

1934

38,746.00

38,746.00

63,168.00

1935

37,772.00

717.00.

38,489.00

48,363.00

· 1936

56,752.00

119.00

56,871.00

43,700.00

1937

51,321:00

446.00

51,767.00

58,930.00

1938

67.930.00

119.00

68,049.00

70,329.00

ABSTRACT OF CASES UNDER COGNI

Classification of Offences.

Total No. of Total No. of

charges.

Convicted and sentenced.

Defts.

Cases, how disposea

Discharged.

M.

F.

Total.

M.

F.

Total.

OFFENCES AGAINST INDIVIDUALS

(a)—Against their property.

1. Larceny: Simple

2,532

Stealing from the person

1937 1938 1937 1938 1937 1938 1937

2,171 2,657 2,251 1,757 1,766 469 588 478 601 431 534

3

1938 1937 1933 1937

141,760 1,780

147 148 1 431 535 36

1939 1937 1938 1937 193

1

5 148 15

60

36

19

6

Embezzlement and fraudulent

conversion

32

Robbery

2888

68 34

57

19

37

19

37

2

13

26

19

45

28

Piracy

Burglary and house breaking

114

98 125

107

113

Demanding with menaces

18

5

24

5

13

སྐྱུག

False pretences and cheating

112

89 108

93

61

71

2

Receiving and possession of stolen

goods

2,606 1,797 2,715 1,870

1,516 1,188

284

Larceny by servant

108

69 109

70

62

42

5

2. Arson

3. Malicious damage

39

18

43

24

32

18

4. Forgery

48 163

46

60

19

27

5. Other offences

589

367 621 388 490 257

11997 88 895

24

3°

2

1

9

24

91

9

14

9

13

.4

10

1

10

61

73

25

15

25

1

2351,800 1,423

308

312

20

20

20

328

333

63

47

6

8

11

6

18

9

9

19

27

6

14

6

258

64

98

64

1 ♡

(b)—Against their persons.

1. Murder

Co

~

2. Manslaughter

3

3. Ill-treatment and grievous harm

24

51

43

52

13

4. Common assault

165

178

187

216

75

5. Kidnapping

1

1

6. Sexual offences

4

2

4

2

7. Qther offences

12

27

ON G

13

27

2

5

4

13

46426

31

11

89

36

53

1

18

1

11

37

23 10

5

1

5

1Q

ON LO

5

OFFENCES OF A PUBLIC NATURE.

(c)-Against the Crown and Govt.

1. Passport and aliens registration

offences

112

2. Weights and measures offences

3. Currency offences

220

161

119

171

96 123

14

101

137

18

24

10

18

10

13

9

13

9

00 10

25

7

18

5

1

00 20

5

9

11

9

11

7

7

3

4. Sedition and intimidation

3

6

3

8

1

.7

1

7

2

2

5. Unlawful societies

1

23

23

.23

6. Trespass and damage on Crown Land

261

173

287

191

172

111

13

19

185

130

49

51

co

55

8. Opium offences.

9. Dangerous drug offences

7. Misconduct by. Government officers...

10. Tobacco and Liquor offences

11. Other offences.

3

2

3

1

2

1

2

529 946

563 1,006

461

891

39

330

450 412 507

589

446

612 497

177

213 463 313 405 173 445 149 368

406

8888

45

500

936

53 65

30

87

2535

13 243 419

94.

97

550 410 41 23 151 391 22

:

8538

51

18

64

9

50

3973

54

112

50

2

22

Carried forward

8,943 8,3279,459 8,729 6,182 6,406

477

489 6,659 6,895

985 1,066

* 1 Extradition.

3

1510000

56

56

59 1,041 1,12

;

H 7

Table IV.

ABSTRACT OF CASES UNDER COGNISANCE OF THE POLICE MAGISTRATES' COURTS DURING

HONG KONG.

Cases, how disposea of, and the Number of Male and Female Adult Defendants unaer e

Convicted and sentenced.

Discharged.

Committed for trial at the Supreme Court.

Committed to prison or detained pending orders of H.E. the Governor.

M.

F.

Total.

M.

F.

Total.

M.

F.

M.

F.

Bound over witho

To keep the peace and

of good behaviour.

M.

F.

7 1938 1937

1938 1937 1938 1937 1938 1937 1938

1937

1938 1937 1933

1937 1938 1937 1938 1937 1938

1937 1938 1937 193

71,766 1

3

141,760 1,780

147 148

1

5

148 153

534

1 431 535

36

60

36

60

11

co

3

11

679 279

5

5

9

37

19

37

2

13

2

13

6

Co

1

24

9

24

9

21

19

91

113

91

13

4

71

2

61

73

1,188

284

2351,800 1,423

308

42

1

5

63

47

108 50

14

9

14

10

1

10

15

25

15

416

1

6

312

20

20

328

6

6

332 8

1- །འ །

10=

18

32

18

9

9

27

19

27

6

14

1

6

15

257

7

497

258

64

98

64 98

13

19

3

3

120

15

3

424

75

108

21

32

11

1

1

48

18

ļ

}

1

1

1

1

—

25

14

31

11

4

11

4

BB4

3

Co

6

3

7

83

1

76

36

53

37

54

10

13

26

18

01 10

2

1

5

1

1

5

2

1

1

123

5

14

101

137

18

CO L

25

7

18

32

9

13

9

5

1

5

7

3

2

6

7

7

2

2

23

23

111

13

19

2

185 130

1

49 51

891

39

406

30

313

87

368

8852

45 500 936

53

13

243 419

94. .51

97 550 410

23 151 391

41 22

8538

65

18

64

50

Co

3478

189

55

51

9

| ញៀនឌ

2

54

68

60

53

24

71

52

11

1 1 1 1 1

6,406

477

489 6,659 6,895

985 1,066 56

59 1,041 1,125 118

95

5

1

1

F

10

69

1

1

37

ය

3

3

1

1

10

7

1

3

1

1,346

478

133

43

3 DURING THE YEARS 1937 AND 1938.

nts unaer each Head.

ad over without further penalty.

Under Police supervision.

Previously convicted.

Bonds enforced.

Order made.

he peace and be

To come up for

d behaviour.

judgment.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

co

1937

1938 1937

1938 1937 1933 1937 1939 1937 1938

79

5

3 64

30

1

3

5

4

1

2946

14

26

28

12

314 417

1937 1933 1937 1938 1937

2 118

1938 1937 1933 1937 1938 1937 1933

24

29

60

128

4

#2

2

5

1

1

3

1

1

'5

108

21

33

13

22

.1

1

7

3

18

8

1

3

1

7

111

Co

1

11

1

co

14

5

2

2

- сл

5

1

131

176

3

12

51

1

2

3

1

2

5

60

60

16

8

3

2

8

133

43 131

70

3

26 18 52

ཨྰཿ་

45

1

2

∞ B

11

17

19

31

17

3

~

1111

652

869

6

16

196

37

+ Confiscation order, no arrest.

w

3

Co

3

..

ABSTRACT OF CASES UNDER COGNIS

Classification of Offences.

Total No. of Total No. of..

charges. Defts.

Convicted and sentenced.

*

Brought forward

(d)—Against Public Justice.

1. Escape and breach of prison

2. Returning from banishment

3. Perjury

4. Bribery

5. Other offences

(e)—Against the Public peace.

M.

F.

:

1937 1938 1937 1938 1937 1939 1937

8,943 8,327 9,459 8,729 6,182 6,406, 477

1938

489

:

Cases, how disposed of

Discharged.

Total.

M.

F.

Total.

1937 1938 1937 1938 1937 1938 1937 1938

6,659 6,895 9851,066 56 591,0411,125

2

355

299 356 299

328 252

5

12

2

2

4

12

12

2257

333 264

9

25

249

1

17179

1. Breach of the peace

2. Unlawful possession of arms

3. Other offences

80

114

178

264

56

63

3

2

59

65

.28

23

.3

28

26

18. 24

15

29

..5

..6

5

-6

6

6

i5 6

cr

|

1.

282

(f)-Against trade.

1. Unmanifested cargo

29

79

18

81

15

2. Stowing away

14

16

16

3. Trade Marks infringement

44

20

44

19

16

4. Employers and workmen offences

4

8

4

8

5. Food and drugs offences

24

19

24 19

6. Other offences

63

71

63

71

45

66 660

51

Co

888

242

1.

13.

18

58

ထုတ်

13

45

西宮

888

3

14

18

65

12

.16

16

16

17

22

17

1

.1

18

10

1

1

11

1

60

.17

10

17

10

I

(g)-Against Public Morals and Police.

1. Begging and touting

2. Brothels and procuration of women.. 3. Lotteries and gambling

11. Vagrants

4. Offences against public health

5. Street hawkers offences

6. Obstruction

7. Offences with fire crackers

8. Drunkenness

9. Traffic offences of a technical nature. 10. Dangerous driving of vehicles

12. Unlicensed and unmuzzled dogs

312 416 326 457 150 322 253 283 253 288 19 14 386 430 1,924 2,075 1,792 1,747 1,228 1,605 1,245 1,614 951 1,175 36 16,635 18,865 16,647 18,918, 11,261 12,065 3,035

2,205 955 2,205 955 1,871 697

8

17

232

272

158 339 116 251

97

25

286

69

227

1,861 1,974

61

87

153

4,232

4

987 1,328 244 242 14,296 16,297 1,873 2,012 2 1,875 699 330 254

2210

13

141

110

2

2

2

11

62

98

464

131 11

170 16 4,936 4,505 4,939 4,506

170 18

131 11

127 100

127 100 43

31

40 252 282 592 2,337 2,604 1 330 255

43

31

18 4,401 4,173

10

18! 10

1

1

15

27

4,416 4,200

511

301

138 303

13. Mui Tsai offences of a technical nature 14. Ill-treatment of Mui Tsai 15. Other offences"

138 303 31 31 43 199 231 199 231

45 112

124 280

3

3

127 283

8

35

39 35

39

35

4

137

192

9

4

146

196 48

45

113

6

11

18

31

24

42

3

&& NO

10

20

ON

4 521 305

2

10

12

3

3

3

1

2

1

2:

403

432

423

413

229

213 121

106

350

319

54

69

4228

5

25

15

6

62

+3522

4

7ཙྪོ8}3879

20

35

30

75

Total

36,560 37,298 38,781 39,598 27,823 27,9114,040 5,595 31,863 33,506 4,372 4,301 596 7624,968 5,063

* 1 defendant absconded

+ Confiscation order, no arrest.

To pay wages.

.

H S

Table IV.-Continued.

BSTRACT OF CASES UNDER COGNISANCE OF THE POLICE MAGISTRATES' COURTS DURING THE YEARS 1937 A

HONG KONG.—Continued.

Cases, how disposed of, and the Number of Male and Female Adult Defendants under each Head.

iced.

Discharged.

Committed for trial at the detained pending orders

Supreme Court.

of H.E. the Governor.

Committed to prison or

Bound over without further penalty.

To keep the peace and be To come up for

of good behaviour.

judgment.

i

Total.

M.

F.

Total.

Μ.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

;

-937 1938 1937 1938

̄,659 6,895 985 1,066

56

1937 1938 .1937 1938

118 59 1,0411,125

1937 1938 1937 1938

1937

1938 1937 1933

95

1

1

1937 1938 1937 1938 .1937 1938 1937 1

478 1,346

133 43 131

70

26

2

333 264

9

1

9

13

28

2

4

9

3

1

I

J

23

.3

28

26

5

3 .11

1.

18

16

16

සපළු

13

45

80 DAG

65

18

60 .17

!།།8;

12

.16

17

22

17

1

1

1

11

1

10

17

10

158 339 251 286

116

97

25

861 1,974 61

87

121

13

2

རྒྱུཡ

141

110

2

2

11

62

98

987 1,328 244 242 1,296, 16,297 1,873 2,012

8 40 252 282

464

592 2,337 2,604

1,875 699 330 254

1 330

255

127 100 43

31

43

31

18

10

1

..1

,416 4,200 511

301

10

4

521

305

127 283

20

10

20

39

35

4

146

196

35

.24

42

10 10

5

12

1

2:

350

319 54

69

4220

53

25

316

15

62

200

35

30

75

1,863|33,5064,372 4,301

r, no arrest.

忄

1

111

| | |

| | | | ││

1

17117

83

151

8

21

1

2

1

2

....

21

7

5

10

|

1

-3

8

16

33 13

1

ลง

1

1

6

5

8

6

3

596

762 4,968 5,063

134 137

5

1

1,477

671

143

79

151

79

32

To pay wages.

$ To pay costs.

9 to pay mai

DURING THE YEARS 1937 AND 1933.

ts under each Head.

he peace and be

To come up for

Under Police

supervision.

Previously convicted.

Bonds enforced.

Order made.

›d behaviour.

judgment.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

18

1937 1938 .1937 1938 1937 1933 1937 1938 1937 1938 1937 1933 1937

1938 1937 1939 1937 1938 1937 1938 1937 1933

8 133

43 131

10

70

26

18

52

45

652

369

6

16 196

37

3

3

3

ind over without further penalty.

1

111

1

7

3

6

1

17017

| | | { │

21

1

| | |

5

CO LO

1 1 1 1 1

BEFIPS

120

.8| | |

1

| | │.

IT

1

22

74

2

1

9

17

3

2

4

13

10 00 00

5

8

1

6

23

6

3

41

52

45

Į

5

9

10

3

4 † 3

++

ਦੀ

808 1,021 17

47 200

38

3

T

Į

|| 9 to pay maintenance; 41 no arrest, of which 33 to redeem articles under Pawnbroker's Ordinance,

3 confiscation orders,

5 money granted from or paid into Poor Box.

1

143

79 151

79

32

32

111

| | | | │

11111

11 50

26

63

1

1

ABSTRACT OF CASES UNDER COGNISANC

Classification of Offences.

Total No. of Total No. of

charges. Defts.

Convicted and sentenced.

OFFENCES AGAINST INDIVIDUALS.

(a) Against their property.

1. Larceny and attempted larceny :

Simple Larceny

Cases, how disposed of, an

Discharged

M.

F.

Total.

M.

F.

1937 1938 1937 1938 1937 1938 1937 1938 1937 1938 1937

1938 1937 1938 193

2,326 1,711 2,275 1,712 ∙1,617 1,259

32 201,649 1,279

161 114

5

Stealing from the person

289 368 292 367 264 318

Embezzlement and fraudulent conversion

44

69

32

49

24

32

23

1 266 319

18

38

2

25

34

4

10

221

12: 16

1

Robbery

16

23

23

30

5

5

5

Piracy

Burglary and house breaking

133

123

Demanding with menaces

16

12

20

False pretences and cheating

65

52

40

Receiving and possession of stolen goods 1,702 1,269 1,799 1,347

Larceny by servant

55

55 57

2. Arson

|ដ្ឋនខ្លួន |

151 111 136

138

17

17

32

837

58

37

ས༅ །

21

4

33

560

183

1901,020

40

6

41

គមីត ២ន

92

11

11

1

3

8

3

750

598

463

23

38

62

3. Malicious damage

9

13

12

16

8

8

8

8

1

4. Forgery

31

24

15

5

14

5

15

5

5. Other offences

394

370 412

389

316 251

5

321 256

44

93

6

5

50

(b)—Against their persons.

3. Ill-treatment and grievous harm

1. Murder

2. Manslaughter

4. Common assault.

5. Kidnapping

6. Sexual offences-

7. Other offences

OFFENCES OF A PUBLIC NATURE.

(c)—Against the Crown and Govt.

5

13

3.1

22

922

11

1

36

14

169

172

233

229

74

4

6

5

7

25 1

118

15

79

6

7

6

6

2

48:

82

54

93

16

43

13

14

29

54328

17

10

68

34

3

57

10

18

19 110

15

2

52

3

2

to

6

16

1. Passport and aliens registration offences

1

2. Weights and measures offences

2

3

3. Currency offences

55

40

36

4. Sedition and intimidation

2

T

1202

5

3

2

WH

$

1

1

3

2

3

23

11

10

6

17

10

T

5. Unlawful societies

11

Jonah C

5

6

2

1

6. Trespass and damage on Crown Land

76

89

96

104

65

65

15

21

80

86

11

7. Misconduct by Government officers

5

8

5

5

5

4

8. Opium offences

9. Dangerous drugs

309 1,274 375 1,322

309 1,205

42

106 735 129 761

10. Tobacco and Liquor offences

11. Other offences

71. 660 288 429 241 339 146 249 299 292 338 382 229 244

13

61

38

2258

$228

54

351 1,259

17

48

21

70

84 207 319

681

28

57

24

12

63 267 307

67

51

2HOTAT

12

12

11

13

10

4

16

2356

24

39

34 71

Carried forward

6,474 7,270 6,6847,464 4,246 5,167 428 479 4,6745,646 1,0661,008 93 116 1,159

- H 9

Table IV,-Continued.

ABSTRACT OF CASES UNDER COGNISANCE OF THE POLICE MAGISTRATES' COURT DURING THE YEARS 1937.

KOWLOON.

cted and sentenced.

Cases, how disposed of, and the Number of Male and Female Adult Defendants under each Head.

Dischargedį

Committed for trial at the Supreme Court.

Committed to prison or detained pending orders of H.E. the Governor.

Ꭸ .

Total.

M.

F.

Total.

M.

F.

M.

F.

Bound over without furt

To keep the peace and be of good behaviour.

M.

F.

........

1937 1938 1937 1938 1937 1938 1937 1938 1937 1938 1937 1938 1937

32

221

.........

1938

1937

201,6491,279

161- 114

12 166

126

1 266 319

18

38

1

19

..39

2

25

34

4

10

1

4

11

5

8

5

8

00

5

14

20

138

92

11

11

11

11

6

17

9

3

3

4

33 25

3

5

4

190 1,020

750

598

463

23

38

621

501

6

41

46

7

1

7

w

8

4

4

5

15

5

5

10

321

256

44

93

50

98

183

THE LO

11

1 58

25 1

13

14

6

19329

15

79

2

1938 1937 1938 1937

1938 1937

1938 1937

52

32

27

2

113

11

1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1

3311

LỘ T

11

H

17

10

68

37

34

2

2

ས ས

TEE

1

1

10

15

2

52

36

2

3

2

1

3

5

3

5

1

57

10

18

6

6

16

24

1

4

1

1

පස

6

2

6

10

7

2

17

10

15

21

80

86

11

2

1

.12

2

5

1

42

54

3511,259

17

48

7

13

21

84

681

28

57

11

61

70 207 319

24

12

10

38

63 267 307

67

51

4 16

ON A 4D CO

12 $24

13 $39

5

34 17

71 67

9055

60

70

428

479 4,674 5,646 1,066 1,008

93

1161,159 1,124 38

1

2

T

10

70

4

....

6

!

390

6

1

2

4

115

11

CA

32

85

110

5

111

1144

16

103

21

3

1

2

111

2

-

173

161

11

| | | | | | | | | |

25

25

40 565

RT DURING THE YEARS 1937 AND 1938.

ndants under each Head.

⚫ison or : orders vernor.

7.

Bound over without further penalty.

Police Supervision.

Previously convicted

Bonds enforced.

To keep the peace and be of good behaviour.

To come up for judgment.

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

100

83

1

9

3

1938

1937 1938 1937 1938 1937

1938

1937

1938 1937 1938 1937

1938 1937 1938 1937 1938 1937

1939 1937 1938

11

52.

27

2: 390 26$

18

9

11

29

.9

1

31

724 467 132 124

2

111

3

111

8

5

ཁྐྲ

10 10

5

85

3

5

103

16

-

2

179

2

161

2

2

115

61 25

20

11

21

2

3224

25

25

C

1

1

40

565

.......X

1

| | |

co

**

*385

46

32

23 79

75

35

105

132

2

23

4

120

76

!!!

1

8

I

LO G

3

•

1

་ ་

1

1,194 862

7

10 151 111

2

1

ABSTRACT OF CASES UNDER COGNI:

Classification of Offences.

Total No. of Total No. of

charges.

Defts.

Convicted and sentenced.

Brought forward

(d)-Against Public Justice.

1. Escape and breach of prison

2. Returning from banishment

3. Perjury

4. Bribery

5. Other offences

(e)—Against the Public peace.

Cases, how disposed of, an

Discharged.

M.

F.

Total.

M.

F.

T

1937 1938 1937

1939 1937 1938

1937 1938 1937 1938 1937 1938

1937 1933 193'

6,474 7,270 6,684 7,464 4,246 5,167

428

479 4,674 5,646 1,066 1,008

93 1161,15

292 247 292

246 265 211

7

10 272 221

6

8

5

6

11

8

12

10

၂

11

4

291

311

293 310 253

263

28

39

281

302

ON 10

1

2

11

1. Breach of the peace

2. Unlawful possession of arms

3. Other offences

94

64

194

166

36

6

42

37

18

24

24

29

18

8

13

1

9

13

14

138

96

147

108

126

77

126

79

19

288888

ཀླུ

O GO

19

29

10

3

252

22

17

18

(f)-Against trade.

.....

1. Unmanifested cargo

6

2

5

2

2. Stowing away

17

27

30

66

29

50

3. Trade Marks infringement

12

10

4. Employers and workmen offences

18

18

16

5. Food and drugs offences

10

11

10

11

488

20-

11

6. Other offences

41

25

41

24

35

19

CX

1

5

2

29

4

16

8

11

36

21

151Q 10

12

3

3

(g)-Against Public Morals and Police.

1. Begging and touting

677

983

2. Brothels and procuration of women 3. Lotteries and gambling

699 1,010

276 295

34

42

310

337

36

39

39

340 360

344 364

285 277

49

81

334 358

1

3

4

154

224

4. Offences against public health

5. Street hawkers offences

5. Obstruction

7. Offences with fire crackers

8. Drunkenness

9. Traffic offences of a technical nature 10. Dangerous driving of vehicles 11. Vagrants

12. Unlicensed and unmuzzled dogs

13. Mui Tsai offences of a technical nature 14. Fll-treatment of Mui Tsai-

15. Other offences

5 3,407 3,582 3,338 3,528 3,129 3,275 81 204 84 203 80 192

780 1,086 6801,006 839 895 831 904 655685

97

49

7771,055

2

26

3

7

43 662 728

168

145

25

169

8,107 11,967 8,148 11,960 4,740 7,256 3,043 4,175 7,783 11,431 4,840 5,021 4,8355,024 3,047 2,755 1,465 1,768 4,512 4,523 224

253 103 :- 252 102 · 229 86 10

218

290 134 207

352

334 99 164

323

239

86

13

16

13

6

1

6

5

31 32 3,160 3,307

154

24

178

81 193

3

10

3

178

10 2

164 178 157 122

60

12 55

3

108

30

4

ထင်

19 152 127

23

26

8

22

10

26

12

1

1

1

1,615 1,014 1,611

936 1,180

713 112

92 1,292 805 275

86

*220

26

10:

2 284

Total

27,937 32,685 28,880 33,770 19,470 22,503 5,361 6,867 24,831 29,370 2,261 2,256

*

figures included in 6 other offences (1)

386

569 2,647

H 10

Table IV,-Continued.

ABSTRACT OF CASES UNDER COGNISANCE OF THE POLICE MAGISTRATES' COURT DURING THE YEARS 1937 A

KOWLOON,—Continued.

Cases, how disposed of, and the Number of Male and Female Adult Defendants under each Head.

id sentenced.

Discharged.

Committed for trial at the Supreme Court.

Committed to prison or detained pending orders of H.E. the Governor.

F.

Bound over without further pen

To keep the peace and be of good behaviour.

M.

F.

To com

judg

M.

Total.

M.

F.

Total.

M.

F.

M.

· 1938 1937 1938 1937 1938

1937

1938 1937 1938

1937

1938 1937 1938 1937 1938

479 4,674 5,646 1,066 1,008

93

1161,159 1,124

39

70

4

6

10

272 221

6

2

6

6

14

18

1

6

11

1

2

1

39

281 302

7

5

2

11

7

9

42

37

18

10

9

13

14

2

126

79

18

19

No

2

2

29

12

4

16

2 23

3

11

2

36

21

5

3

+ Co

8

3

24

22

18

17

18

19

229

3

1522 10

со лост

15

3

3

3

1

42

310 337

36

39

39

45

81

334

358

4

3

49

-7771,055

26

3

3

29

43

662 728

168

145

25

169

170

4,175 7,783 11,431

218

290 134

207

352 497

7684,5124,523 224

239

334

99 164

323

498

86

13

16

13

16

5

32 3,160 3,307

154

212

24

178

214

1

81 193

3

10

10

19

152 127

23

26

26

22

10

26

1

1

1

1

921,292

805

275

86

3-

1

3229

26

30

12

10

220

2

13

2

3

284

96

,,867 24,831 29,370 2,261 2,256

386

569 2,647 2,825 55

93

38333

....

1937 1938 1937

1939 1937 1938 1937 1938

I

173 161

25

40 565 385

............

| | | | │

111

85

10

19

19

26

| |

2

! | | | | │

1

18

∞

19

12

287

486

1

2

2

2

5

3

13

10

13

23

7

18

4

6

320

315

56

383

| | 100

101

879 903

COURT DURING THE YEARS 1937 AND 1938.

ndants under each Head.

son or orders

Bound over without further penalty.

!

Police Supervision.

Previously convicted.

Bonds enforced.

rnor.

To keep the peace and be

of good behaviour.

To come up for judgment.

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

1938 1937 1939 1937 1938 1937

1938 1937 1938 1937 1938 1937

1938

1937 1938 1937 1938 1937 1938 1937 1938

.173 161 25

40 565

385 46

32 23

73

3333

1,194 862

7

10

151 111

2

༢|

111

85

19

26

1

11

! T

2

T

111

1 1 1 1 1 1

253 192

co

6

1

84

62

1

22

4

2

111

10

18

cod

19

6

12

287

486

39

111

1

174

165

2

3

20

14

∞ ∞

2

15

4

1

2

5

a

8

27

3

13

3

2

54

18

13

23

320

315

1917

355

56

101

18

879

10

5

3

903

94 157

23

73

1

F

1,7541,382

29

21111

223

18

1

68

63

| | |

101

5

14

2

1

60 447 216

25

25

14

Punishments.

H 11

Table Y.

HONG KONG

Return of Punishments awarded at Magistracy in respect of Certain Class

Number of Persons

Offences against Individuals.

Punished.

Description.

Against their Property.

Against their Persons.

Agi

an

M.

F.

M

F.

F.

M.

Fined

Imprisoned in default

Imprisoned without option

Imprisoned and birched

To be sent back to country

1937 1938 1937 1938

19,840 20,924 3,170 4,811

4,428 3,608 761

1937 1938 1937 1933

1937 1933 1937 1938 1937

110

97

32

24

42

29

2

399

698 1,7441,263

251

211

21

27

1

5 1,036 1

3,0753,084 34

762,551 2,529

8

22

14

48

3

13

118

85 137

84 135

1

† 2

រ

117

54

6

10

21

9

1

Expelled from the Colony

21

30

21

Sentenced to House of Detention

41

33

T

Bound over to be of good behaviour

1,317

466

132

58 1,202

371

120

22

13

16

6

51

Bound over and fined

89

29

19

1

5

Bound over and ordered to pay compensation

13

4

Сл

5

Bound over, ordered to pay compensation, and fined

6

1

Bound over and imprisoned

7

2

1

1

4

1

Bound over to keep peace

147

205

10

21

8

22

59

56

2

7

Imprisoned until Court rises

170

15

69

2

1

Bound over to come up for judgment

151 79 32

41

120

59

23

12

7

4

Enforcement of bonds

(200)

(38) (3)

(193)

(37)

(3)

(3)

Total

29,447 28,661 4,215 5,715 5,848 4,437

439 294

180

194

8

33 1,631

KOWLOON,

Punishments.

Description.

Fined

Imprisoned in default

Imprisoned without option

Imprisoned and birched

Expelled from the Colony

Sentenced to House of Detention

Bound over to come up for judgment

Bound over to be of good behaviour

Bound over and fined

Bound over and ordered to pay compensation

Bound over,

ordered to pay compensation, and fined

Bound over and imprisoned

Bound over to keep peace

Imprisoned until Court rises

Fined and ordered to pay compensation

Enforcement of bonds

Total

Number of Persons

Punished.

Offences against Individuals.

Against their

Property

Against their Persons.

Ag

ar

M.

F

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

1937 1938 1937 1938

13,139 15,4574,474 5,990 62 75 37

3,939 4,310 780 701 1,495

832 139 122

2,163 2,421 58 76 1,586 1,522 24

91 92

1937 1939 1937 1933 1937 1938 1937 1938

1937

45

28

39

6

7

269

17

3

6

3

540 1

14

34

33

8

9

28

91

92

I

26 48

4

30

1

1

1

1

-

879

903 94

157

559 376

45

29

4

1

153 180

25

68 77

42

7

22

22

29

2

3

50

74

32

1122

52

18

23

19

33

11

23

1

3

16

1

6

1

9

2

1

82

74 17

14

49

47

12

13

16

15

1

1

167

135

31

33

3

71

82

16

21

7

3

1

447 (216)

25

25 (14) 150 (109)

2

* 20,695 23,721 2,515 7,125 3,939 3,021

283

261 204 235

40: 48 844

* Figures under "Enforcement of bonds" are excluded, as they have already been included in figures

H 11

Table V.

HONG KONG.

spect of Certain Classes of Offences during the Years 1937 AND 1938 Adults only.

als.

Offences of a

Public Nature.

Against their

Against the Crown

Persons.

and Government.

Against Public Justice.

Against the

Public Peace.

Against Trade.

Agains! Public Morals and Police.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F .

933

1937 1939

1937

1933 1937

1939

1937 1938 1937 1933

1937 1938 1937 1933

1937 1938

1937 1933 1937 1939 1937 1933

29

2 398

509

58

53

14

23

38

3

85

124

3

16 19,168 20,119 3,072 2,714

:

27

51,036 1,546

102

151

6

10

13

1

12

1,599 749 400 331

:

48

13

118 163

13

7

325

254

12

14

5

55

71

5

22

2

-

2

1

21

29

1

16

6

51

11

10

6

4

4

36

: 10

24

10

........

1

2

56

2

7

2

1

1

79

117

7

11

1

6

2

2

.....

94

44

765

1

(3)

94

331,631 2,273 189 223

348 264

5

12

151

229

12

23

108

134

3

KOWLOON.

4

1

9

38

33

43

31

15

167

15

62

16:

6

23

(4)

(1)

16 21,131 21,930 3,559 3,114

S.

Offences of a Public Nature.

gainst their

Persons,

and Government.

F.

M.

Against the Crown

F.

Against Public Justice.

Against the Public Peace.

Against Trade.

Against Public Morals and Police.

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

38

1937

1938 1937

1938 1937 1939 1937 1938 1937 1938

1937 1938

1937 1938

1937 1938 1937 1938 1937 1938 1937 1938

39

Co

6

7 269 253

86

88

14

31

10

12

7

1

60

29

1

2 12,694 15,023 4,333 5,840

3

6

3

540 1,829

80 111 233

185

19

27

35

17

35

32

1,584 1,412 536 438

33

8

9

28

358

9

28 281

266

7

12

106

68

1

21

128

153

9

13

1

1

1

2

8

2

2

2

29

2

3

5

11

2

16

42

13

1

3

2

1

9

17

9

1

5

1

comm

1

1

1

32

16

21

(2)

223

10

23

47

4

30

1

1

310

512

48

125

14

35

59

11

35

11

1

11

9

8

1

1

6

9

1

1

10

2

96

48

14

12

2

1

1

3

2

3

6

5

40

48

844 2,457 176 242 529 487

u included in figures under "Fined" or "Imprisoned"

72 (105)

(14)

214,798 17,225 4,952 6,485

1 without imprisonment.

18

www.amcomm

1

36

50 284 212

26

37

97 84

2

Classification of offences.

Total No. of Charges.

Total No. of Defendants.

OFFENCES AGAINST INDIVIDUALS.

(a)-Against their property.

1937 1938

1937

RETURN OF BOY JUVE]

Caned in Court.

Fined.

+1

2

3

4

1

2

מא

3

4

CO

1938 1937 1938 1937 1938 1937 1938 1937 1938 1937 1938 1937 1938 1937 1938 1937 1938 19

1. Simple larceny

55

100

55

103

2. Larceny from person

31

95

31

98

888

-

3. Receiving & unlawful possession

30

51

30

52

1

322

4. Larceny by servant

10

5

7

5

7

1

5. Other offences

25

13

25

15

(b)-Against their person.

1. Common assault

2. Bodily harm

3. Other offences

7

14

7

14

3

3

1

1

1

3

3

14

4

30

1

1 5

15

6

19

1

1

6

10

3

1

1

1

-

I

2

a

2

1

2

1

9

115

9

15

හ

7

7

OFFENCES OF PUBLIC NATURE.

(c)—Against the Crown and Govt.

1. Trespass and Damage on Crown Land...

2. Opium offences

3. Tobacco and Liquor offences

4. Dangerous drug offences

5. Other offences

(d)—Against Public Peace

(e) Against Trade

10

ත

❤T.

5

сл

5

14

5

3

3

T

1

|

1

|

1

1

T

T

T

1

1

3

1

1

1

1

→

1

1

|

1

Į

|

3

1

2

|

T

I

1

1

T

1

1

1

2

3

1

1

I

|

-

1

1

T

1

T

1

1

I

-

1

2

1

6

1

1

2

(f)—Against Public Moral and Police.

1. Offences against Public Health

4

13

2. Traffic offences

39

35

39


325353595

13

1

1

1

3. Begging and touting

36

12

36

12

1

1

1

4. Lotteries and Gambling

9

2

2

2

8

1

4

8

دن

3

26

24

2

1

1

--->>

2

1

-

1

1

1

3

2 1

5. Obstruction

1

1

T

1

1

I

6. Hawkers offences

978

721

978

729

1

7

17

3

26

7. Other offences

2

6

3

1

1

1

12 134

1

64 186 116 211 235

2

-

I

Total

10

5

17 47

28 79 26 13 138

1,245 1,118 1,245 1,141

1

4

§ Two boys ran away from their surety while under probation.

* Figures not available.

72 199 126 246 280

† (1)

Appendix I.

REPORT OF THE LAND OFFICER AND REGISTRAR

OF MARRIAGES FOR THE YEAR 1938.

PART L-LAND OFFICE.

REGISTRATION.

1. During the year 3,752 instruments were registered under the provisions of Ordinance No. 1 of 1844,-an increase of 549 compared with the preceding year.

2. The total number of instruments registered under the provisions of the above mentioned Ordinance (since 1844) to the end of the year 1938 was 160,117.

3. The number of instruments registered each year during the last ten years is shewn in Table I.

4. The total consideration on sales, mortgages, surrenders and miscellaneous land transactions registered in the Land Office amounted to $52,636,971.66 particulars of which are shewn in Table H.

CROWN LEASES.

5. 520 Crown Leases were issued during the year, as against 742 in the previous year a decrease of 222. Particulars are set out in Table III.

6. The number of leases issued each year during the last ten years is shewn in Table 1.

FEES.

7. The total amount of fees collected (exclusive of the New Territories) amounted to $91,950.75, being a decrease of $4,335.75 on the preceding year. Table IV shews the Monthly Revenue.

8. Land Registration Fees in the New Territories amounted to $8,099.90, and Crown Lease Fees to $90.00

9. The total fees collected during the past ten years is shewn in Table V.

GRANTS OF LAND.

10. The total area of land leased during the year under review was 724 acres 1 rood and 27.6 poles, of which 674 acres, 1 rood and 30.4 poles were dealt with by the District Officers.

11. Particulars of grants, surrenders and resumptions during the year are shewn on pages U 2 and 3 of the Blue Book for 1938.

SURRENDERS.

12. 36 surrenders of land required for public purposes (including surrenders under Contracts of Exchange) were prepared and registered in the Land Office.

I 2

STAMP DUTIES.

13. Stamp Duties paid on registered documents (exclusive of Probates and Letters of Administration) amounted to $272,825.10 an increase of $98,174.95.

CROWN RENTS.

14. The number of lots entered on the Hong Kong and Kowloon Crown Rent Roll-as shewn in Table VI-was 11,674 an increase of 670 on the preceding year.

The Crown Rents on this Roll amounted to $719,597.22—an increase on the preceding year of $15,697.32.

15.

16. The number of lots entered on the Village Crown Rent Roll-as shewn in Table VII was 1,951 a decrease of 4 on the preceding year.

17. The Crown Rents on this Roll amounted to $1,314.80—a decrease of $11.00 as compared with the preceding year.

18. The total Crown Rents amounted to $720,912.02 an increase of $15,686.32 on the year 1937-mainly due to the re-grant of lots after re-entry.

19. During the year the number of sections the Crown Rents of which were determined under the Crown Rents (Apportionment) Ordinance, 1936 was 276 and the total sum of fees collected was $4,047.00.

20.

DOCUMENTS.

979 miscellaneous documents were prepared in the Land Office during the year, being a decrease of 253 compared with the year 1937; viz:—

(a) 520 Crown Leases (with Counterparts).

(b) 295 Memorials for the registration of Undertakings relating to Verandahs

and Balconies over Crown Land.

(c) 36 Surrenders of land required for public purposes, street improvements

and private Exchanges.

(d) 91 Agreements for exchanges and surrenders.

(e) 36 Memorials of Re-entry.

(f) 1 Deed of Covenant relating to Scavenging Lane.

TABLE I.

Number of Instruments Registered and Crown Leases Granted During

The Years 1929 to 1938.

Instruments Registered.

Year.

Crown Leases Granted.

1929

4,250

242

1930

5,517

874

1931

6,181

517

1932

6,345

938

1933

5,152

721

1934

4,441

673

1935

4,044

503

1936

3,962

638

1937

3,347

742

1938

3,752

520

Victoria Marine

I 3

TABLE II.

Consideration on Instruments Registered in the Land Office

During the Year 1938.

No. of Lots

Description of Instruments.

Number Registered.

or Portions of Lots Affected.

Total Consideration.

$

¢

Assignments

1,270

1,525

23,755,492.03

Mortgages and Transfer of Mortgages.

910

1,178

13,614,749.91

Reassignments and Certificates of

Satisfaction

843

1,086

14,828,515.42

Surrenders

36

44

208,189.00

Judgments and Orders of Court

59.

180

Miscellaneous Documents

511

1,143

64,500.00 165,525.30

Probates and Letters of Administra-

tion, (Estate Duties and Interest

$256,449.88)

123

271

Total

TABLE III.

3,752

5,427

52,636,971.66

Crown Leases Granted During the Year 1938.

Hong Kong

Kowloon

New Kowloon

Victoria Inland

Rural Building

Victoria Garden

1 311

6

2

Aberdeen Inland

Kowloon Marine

Kowloon Inland

New Kowloon Inland

New Kowloon Dairy Farm

LO

5

1 110

83

1

520

Total

I 4

TABLE IV.

Return of Monthly Revenue Paid in Stamps to the Land Office During the Year 1938.

Month.

Registration

of Deeds.

Searches, Copy Documents,

Crown Lease Fees.

Total.

and Certifications.

$

$

¢

$

$

January

4,065.00

1,688.50

1,710.00

7,463.50

February

2,852.00

596.50

1,200.00

4,648.50

March

4,374.00

677.25

1.800.00

6,851.25

April

5,146.00

622.00

1,710.00

7,478.00

May

4,257.00

637.00

1,320.00

6,214.00

June

4,442.00

414.75

1,980.00

6,836.75

July

5,273.00

1,785.00

3,030.00

10,088.00

August

5,360.00

762.75

3,120.00

9,242.75

September

5,314.00

493.00

3,870.00

9,677.00

October

4,351.00

533.00

2,610.00

7,494.00

November

4,568.00

488.00

2,280.00

7,336.00

December

4,330.00

1,561.00

2,730.00

8,621.00

Totals

54,332.00

10,258.75

27,360.00

91,950.75

96,286.50-1937 Total.

91,950.75-1938 Total.

4,335.75 Decrease.

TABLE V.

Fees Collected During the Years 1929 to 1938.

Year.

Registration of Deeds.

Searches, and Copies of Documents.

Grants of Leases.

Total.

1929

$ ¢..

63,478.00

$ ¢

$

¢

$

¢

5,498.50

7,100.00

76,076.50

1930

84,339.00

7,043.75

25,472.00

116,854.75

1931

94,054.00

7,254.00

17,290.00

118,598.00

1932

98,335.00

8,789.25:

44,430.00

151,554.25

1933

81,508:00

8,547.25

36,810.00

126,865.25

1934

67.345.00

6,863.25

35,850.00

110,058.25

1935

61.133.00

6,811.50

و

25,270.00

93,214.50

1936

59,310.00

6,296.75

33,960.00

99,566.75

1937

47,887.00

8,639.50

39,760.00

96.286.50

1938

54,332.00

10,258.75

27,360.00

91,950.75

I 5

TABLE VI.

Hong Kong and Kowloon Rent Roll.

Locality and Description.

No. of Lots.

Total Crown Rent.

$3

¢

Victoria Marine Lot

433

71,009.69

35.

Praya Reclamation Marine Lot

28

Inland Lot

4,669

J

Quarry Bay Marine Lot

Victoria Farm Lot

3

Inland Lot

13

858.91

236,233.74

18,946.00 4,024.00

6

381.55

Garden Lot

56

>>

Rural Building Lot

298

2,216.00 55,891.70

Aberdeen Marine Lot

7

579.16

وو

Inland Lot

84

1,206.50

Aplichau Marine Lot

20

113.88

Inland Lot

45

""

282.48

Shaukiwan Marine Lot

10

2,308.00

Inland Lot

231

5,105.30

Stanley Inland Lot

7

67.00

Pokfulam Dairy Farm Lot

4

2,712.00

Kowloon Marine Lot

55

50,920.80

Inland Lot

3,094

138,020.16

Garden Lot

1

1.00

Hung Hom Marine Lot

3

6,590.00

وو

Inland Lot

Sheko Inland Lot

Tai Tam Inland Lot

Tong Po Inland Lot

New Kowloon Marine Lot.

157

9,256.00

7

39.00

1

1.00

1

1.00

3

18,938.00

Inland Lot

2,370

70,238.35

Farm Lot

2

36.00

Rural Building Lot

1

42.00

Tai Po Inland Lot

9

748.00

Fan Ling Lot

2

1,898.00

Sheung Shui Lot

8

1,304.00

Mining Lot

3

2,670.00

Tsun Wan Marine Lot

6

12,436.00

Inland Lot

15

2,658.00

New Kowloon Dairy Farm Lot

20

1,154.00

Tsing I Marine Lot

1

76.00

Ping Shan Inland Lot

1

634.00

Total

11,674

719,597.22

1 6

TABLE VII.

Village Rent Roll.

Locality and Description.

No. of Lots. Total Crown Rent.

$

:

Aberdeen

15

43.50

Pokfulam

24

28.25

Tai Hang

156

632.50

Ah Kung Ngam

25

18.25

Shaukiwan

27

15.00

Hau Pui Loong

12

44.00

Wong Tsuk Hang

2

34.50

Tai Hang Stream

12

47.00

Tong Po

1

2.50

Tytam Tuk

3

2.50

Chung Hom Bay

1

.50

Chinese Joss House Bowen Road Victoria

1

3.00

Telegraph Bay

12

33.50

Little Hong Kong

174

68.10

Shek O

Hok Tsui

Chai Wan

Stanley

325

: 73.50

123

26.80

723

125.80

315

115.60

Total

1,951

1,314.80

I7-

PART II.-MARRIAGE REGISTRY

MARRIAGES.

The number of Marriages celebrated in the Colony during the year was 544, (of which 336 were between Chinese persons) as compared with 421 (and 236) respectively in 1937-an increase of 123. Particulars are given in Table I infra.

FEES.

2. The total amount of Fees received under the second schedule of the Marriage Ordinance 1875, was $5,081.00 as compared with $3,286.16 in 1937-an increase of $1,794.84. Particulars are shewn in Table II. The increase is mainly accounted for by the greater number of marriages solemnized at the Office of the Registrar.

3. The number of Marriages solemnized and the total amount of fees collected each year during the past ten years are shewn in Table III.

TABLE I.

(1) Marriages by SPECIAL LICENCE, 24.

(a) At Licensed Places of

Public Worship.

4.

(b) At the Office of the Registrar of Marriages.

20.

(2) Marriages by REGISTRAR'S CERTIFICATE, 518.

(4) At Licensed Places of

Public Worship.

231.

(b) At the Office of the Registrar of Marriages.

287.

(3) Marriages in ARTICULO MORTIS, 2.

(Ordinance No. 3 of 1898 Section 2.)

In St. Paul's Hospital, Causeway Bay, 1.

At No. 7, King's Terrace, Kowloon, 1.

- 18

TABLE II.

Fees Received During 1938.

529 Certificates of Notice

(Registrar's Certificates)

11 Searches

80 Certified Copies

1

Copy

19 Licences to Registrar of Marriages to issue

his Certificates under Section 9 of

Ordinance No. 7 of 1875

24 Special Licences

¿

307 Marriages at the Office of the Registrar

1 Miscellaneous

Year.

Total

TABLE III.

No. of Marriages Solemnized.

Fee.

Total Fees.

$

@

$1.00

529.00

@

$1.00

11.00

@

$1.00

80.00

Free of Charge

@

$10.00

190.00

@

$50.00

1,200.00

$10.00

3,070.00

$1.00

1.00

$5,081.00

Total Amount of Fees Collected.

$ ¢

1929

225

2,440.75

1930

187

2,059.00

1931

228

2,705.00

1932

265

3,198.97

1933

283

2,440.00

1934

325

3,327.90

1935

368

3,197.00

1936

375

3,168.00

1937

421

3,286.16

1938

544

5,081.00

PART III.-GENERAL.

STAFF.

Mr. W. J. Lockhart-Smith, who returned from leave on 28th February, did not resume duty in the Land Office, and was transferred to Tanganyika on 1st October. Mr. W. Aneurin Jones acted as Assistant Land Officer and Deputy Registrar of Marriages from 1st January to 20th October when he was attached to the Treasury, and Mr. T. J. Gould who arrived in the Colony on 28th September has acted as Assistant Land Officer and Deputy Registrar of Marriages in succession to Mr. Jones.

T. S. WHYTE-SMITH,

Land Officer and Registrar of Marriages.

9th March, 1939.

im.

Appendix J.

REPORT ON THE NEW TERRITORIES FOR THE YEAR 1938.

:

ANAR

A. NORTHERN DISTRICT.

EXPENDITURE AND REVENUE.

1. Appendices I and II show some comparative details of the expenditure and revenue in 1937 and 1938. The increased expenditure on "Local Public Works?? was due to the large number of works in repair of damage wrought by the typhoon of 1937. The list appears in Appendix IV. The first item therein ensures safety to many sampans, should the circumstances of 1937 be repeated. It consisted of enlarging and adapting the natural shelter afforded by the tiny bay immediately to landward of the level crossing at Tai Po under the White House and within the railway line.

2. "Land Sales" and "Crown Rent" account chiefly for the increase in the revenue collected. The increased demand for land was presumably due to the influx of refugees into the Colony.

MAGISTRACY, AND SMALL DEBTS COURT.

3. Appendices V to IX show details of the cases, both criminal and civil, heard by the District Officer sitting as magistrate during the year.

For the first time for many years there was not an increase in the number of criminal cases: indeed there were fewer than in any year since 1933. There were half as many opium and revenue offences as in 1937, and in 1938 the largest number of charges feli under "Traffic offences of a technical nature. Offences under this head, however, in spite of the increased volume of traffic consequent on the opening of the road to Canton and, later, the necessity of supplying refugees, were fewer than in 1937. Larceny continued to be one of the commonest crimes.

The number of serious offences did not diminish, however, and the number, 74, of accused persons committed for trial at the Supreme Court was by far the largest ever recorded. The commonest of these serious crimes were the possession of arms and ammunition, robbery, and burglary.

Circumstances were, of course, exceptionally favourable for persons of criminal intention. Just over the border and on nearly all vessels plying just outside Colonial waters the majority of adult males were armed, and many who entered this District as refugees brought arms with them. (In view of the fact that at one time their influx must have increased the population of this District by about one third, or one half, it is surprising that more trouble did not occur. Such as there was took the form chiefly of cattle-stealing by, or from, refugees, other forms of larceny, tree-stealing, and robbery. The increase in the number of cases of tree-stealing was probably due to the high price obtainable for firewood as a result of the stoppage of the large supply which normally comes to the Colony down the West River. There were, of course, successful crimes, and more than one murderer got away. The Police deserve great credit for the manner in which they responded to the great increase in daily and nightly work with which they were faced.

robbed in the middle The burglars, in a First they procured

In June, July, and August at least five convents were of the night by gangs led in each case by the same man. party of four or five, followed the same procedure each time. some suitable article, such as a ladder, or a long drying pole, on which to ascend to the roof. Then they knocked a hole in the roof, sometimes taking an hour to do so.

Then one or more of them, armed, dropped down through the hole, frightened the nuns, novices, and servants inside, and admitted the rest of the gang through a door. They, did not hesitate to use force to intimidate the inmates.

#

J 2

These generally behaved tamely, but in one case a servant blew a whistle and sounded a drum, unfortunately without effect. The articles stolen included money, jewellery, and clothing. The leader was finally arrested on information, and two others of the gangsters rounded up. They were all Hakka from Chinese Territory. At the sessions the leader was sentenced to a total of five years' hard labour and the other two to three and a half and three years respectively.

In October a bold deliberate attempt was made to steal cash, $9,000, which was being taken by motor-van carrying an armed guard to the mine at Lin Ma Hang as the month's pay of the employees there. Four men, at least two of whom were armed with revolvers, suddenly attacked the van as it came round a bend in the road not far south-east of Tai Pɔ. At the sessions each of the three apprehended was sentenced to ten years' hard labour. They were all Hakka, from Waiyeung.

over twice as many as

4. 128 deaths in unusual circumstances were reported in 1937, when the number was greater than ever before. It must be noted, however, that the figures given under this head in 1937 did not incl:de the victims of the Typhoon of the 2nd of September. The very high figure for 1938 is explained chiefly by mortality among refugees, especially their children.

19 death inquiries were held, as against 11 in 1937, and an average of under 5 a year for the eight years preceding that.

There were twelve deaths on the roads and an equal number by drowing. Seven persons were killed on the railway, and five miners were killed at the mine at Lin Ma Hang, chiefly by falls of rock. Four persons were killed by gunfire in this District during the Japanese attack on Sham Chun and Lo Wu on the 26th of November. There were four verdicts incriminating "a person, or persons, unknown.' Two young married women, both Hakka living on the northern shores of Tolo Harbour, being unhappy in the families into which they had married, committed suicide by: swallowing the leaves of a plant called gelsemium elegans benth., whose common local Hakka names are t'ai c'ha yok (= big tea medicine), or ch'ai ch'a yok (= pluck tea medicine). This plant apparently occurs at infrequent intervals in the hills and is familiar to the experienced as an occasional food for pigs and a fatal poison for human beings. As a poison it turned out to be well known to the Government Analyst, whose records showed that it had at intervals in the Colony's history been used in criminal poisonings.

5. The Small Debts Court was busier than the year before: 125 cases and 30 distress warrants compared with 87 cases and 21 distress warrants.

LAND AND AGRICULTURE.

6. Statistics regarding the sale, etc., of Crown Land are shown in Appendix X. There was a marked rise in the value of land throughout the District. This fact was apparent in the prices paid in the private transactions registered in this land registry as well as in the sale of Crown Land, much more of which was sold than in 1937, and at higher premia and rates of Crown Rent. A pleasing feature was the increased demand for Crown Land for planting orchards. The purchasers are almost without exception townspeople, and much capital is thus sunk in the District. The result is to make productive and beautiful areas, always. the lower slopes of hills or mountains, which have hitherto been barren or at best thinly planted with pine trees. If his orchard grows successfully, the owner often builds a house there. The estate then catches the eye of another townsman or returned emigrant with money to invest; and there is reason to hope that the planting of orchards in the New Territories will increase as the facilities become better known. The chief obstacle is lack of water.

Over seventy acres of marshy land were sold in the neighbourhood of Yuen Long for conversion into fish ponds.

J 3

7. Most of the land resumed for public purposes was to provide for the road 'to Canton.

8. There was of course a great demand for house accommodation: all flats in the towns were occupied, and the construction of new buildings was general throughout the District.

9. In January H.E. the Governor opened Joseph Hall, the fine new building at Fan Ling presented to the New Territories Agricultural Association through the generosity of Mr. J. E. Joseph. A beginning was made there with the long- projected agricultural school; but later in the year it was turned over to the Government as a temporary hospital for refugees and police sub-station for the military internment camp temporarily pitched nearby. The Agricultural Association continued its experiments on crops more actively and leased more land for this purpose.

The Tai Po Rural Home and Orphanage completed its boys' hostel, the need for which had been clearly demonstrated in the 1937 typhoon.

10. Nearly a hundred more matsheds were permitted to be erected than in 1937, and it is doubtful if the present number will be much exceeded, since the medical authorities object to them generally on sanitary grounds. There were in addition many unpermitted matsheds, some very flimsy and impermanent, put up by temporary refugees.

11.

The weather in 1938 favoured both the farmers and the refugees. February and March were exceptionally wet, and the hours of sunshine in April were longer than ever before recorded. There was plenty of water again for the second crop of rice, and unusually heavy rain in October. Statistics of rainfall are now kept at Sai Kung, Tai Po, Lok Ma Chau, and Ping Shan Police Stations, and at Fan Ling Golf Club. Lok Ma Chau and Ping Shan were considerably drier than the stations further east. The only high winds occurred during the extraordinary storm in May, so that there was much less damage to fruit than in 1937. The Ch'ing Ming festival, falling as it did after a long spell of dry sunny weather, caused more fires, originating round graves, than usual. November and December were unusually mild, which was fortunate in that the refugee influx was at its height during these two months.

12. Under such favourable conditions both crops of rice were above the average, and prices were good, especially towards the end of the year, as a result of the hostilities in China. The strong demand, for the same reason, for poultry, pigs, and cattle, assured farmers of good prices for these, too.) There is no doubt that the idea of growing vegetables in winter is now really generally accepted. Both in volume of output and in quality last winter showed a great advance, and the demand increased considerably.

13. The large modern farms, dealing in fruit, vegetables, poultry, pigs, and honey, continue to increase in number. The owners nearly all make roads to them, which benefits the District as a whole, since the roads are mostly over Crown Land, and public. These farms and the fish-ponds, of course, shared in the boom. (The same strong demand benefited the sea-folk, and the waters of the District were apparently sufficiently richly stocked to satisfy these people, in spite of the fact that the sea-folk were at times about four times as numerous as usual, particularly in the weeks following the Japanese landing in Bias Bay.)

14. Pineapples did badly and several leases of land on which pineapples were grown were not renewed on expiry.

15. The licensees of forestry lots found an excellent market for their wood and cutting in excess of the stipulated one-tenth of the trees on the lot was undoub- tedly general. Proper control of these lots would require a staff very much greater than is now available. It is hoped, however, that the high price now obtainable for pine-tree wood is stimulating planting more intensively than hitherto.

J 4

16. The new mine at Lin Ma Hang, and the mine at Ma On Shan, continued to be actively worked. Partly as a result of recommendations made by juries in death inquiries above mentioned the Government borrowed from Malaya an expert who has submitted a report recommending legal provision for stricter control.

17. In the Land Court there were 127 disputes, compared with 91 in 1937. There were a few applications for orders of eviction, but not sufficient to justify a recommendation to the Government that the Prevention of Eviction Ordinance, 1938, should be applied to the New Territories.

REFUGEES.

18. It is not proposed to deal other than superficially with this subject which is fully treated of in other reports.

At the height of the influx there were probably 50,000 refugees in this District. All the villages in the northern half of it seemed to have doubled their popula- tions without taking into account the Government camps at Kam Tin, Fan Ling North and South, and Gill's Cutting, the various camps organized by the Wai Yeung Association (at Sheung Shui, Wo Hop Shek, etc.), and the huge accumulations at San T'in, Yuen Long, Ping Shan, Ha Tsuen, and Lo Fau Shan.

The local people were undoubtedly most hospitable to their relations and friends from over the border, which resulted in the overcrowding of all available housing accommodation. But not all the New Territories' people were the losers under these circumstances. Some villages undoubtedly came in for a share of the food and spare clothing which at one period were being distributed in such abundance.

Because the Japanese landed at Au T'au the Hakka from Tam Shui, Wai Chow, Ping Shan, Lung Kong, etc., were first to take refuge in the Colony and these people were also the first to return to their homes when conditions became more normal. The Hong Kong Wai Yeung Association was well to the fore in the organization of kitchens and temporary camps in this District, and in encoura- ging the refugees to return when it became less unsafe to do so. At the time of writing most of the refugees remaining in the District are Cantonese from Po On, Tung Kun, Tai Ping, Bocca Tigris.

It has already been pointed out that the influx of refugees was not followed by a proportionate increase in crime. Indeed on the whole they behaved themselves admirably, and it is marvellous that such crowds of people could live together in such circumstances without much squabbling, fighting, and brutality. Any persons in camps who were caught stealing or fighting there were severely dealt with; and, after the first cases, notices were posted drawing attention to the severity of the penalties.

The District also had its quota of moneyed refugees, many of the large modern country houses being leased by schools from Canton, notably the "Cafe- teria" buildings at Castle Peak by the Ling Nam Middle School, a big house near Lam Tei by an American children's co-educational school from Shanghai, various big houses at On Lok Tsuen, Fan Ling, and so on. Not a few comparatively rich refugees have come to live in the market towns.

Apart from crime, this Department acted where necessary as a buffer between refugees and the organizations caring for them and the local people. At one time in the autumn, for instance, it appeared that a certain group of villages in the Pat Heung plain were going to make trouble over the water supply to Kam T'in Refugee Camp, then being laid down. They protested in the usual large numbers and with the usual vehemence that they were being deprived of water essential to their agriculture and to their livelihood. Slight concessions and certain promises were made to them and they appeared satisfied for the time being.

J 5

GENERAL.

19. In accordance with the practice obtaining in England the Registrar-General of Births and Deaths decided in the course of the year to allow no "late" registration of birth more than seven years after the event. On the District Officer representing to him that registration had in the New Territories been compulsory for much less than seven years he allowed a few months' grace before applying the new rule to the New Territories. Consequently the Assistant Registrars (the Officers in Charge of Police Stations) received about three hundred and fifty applications, all of which had to be passed by the District Officer before submission to the Registrar-General.

20. As will have been gathered from the remarks under "Land and Agricul- ture" above, the people of the District enjoyed in 1938 unusual prosperity, which was not altogether counterbalanced by the necessity of harbouring refugee relatives or friends, and which resulted in a decrease in unemployment.

21. As regards health, also, conditions were much better than they might have been. At the Lin Ma Hang mine malaria was again very troublesome. The work done by St. John Ambulance was most beneficial.

22. In the course of the year the Department issued and distributed, notices on a large scale (600 copies) as follows:

drawing attention to the Registrar-General's decision regarding late regis- tration of births;

drawing attention to the necessity of registering adopted daughters; and

drawing attention to the desirability of planting as much vegetables as possible, and to the profits to be expected from their sale.

23. In the course of the year legislation was passed applying certain sections of the Brildings Ordinance, dealing with dangerous buildings and a magistrate's power to order their closure, to the New Territories. Also, the New Territories Regulation Ordinance was amended to empower the Governor in Council to make rules "for the prevention and abatement of nuisances and the making of orders by "magistrates in connexion therewith and also for any matter with regard to which "the Urban Council may for the time being have power to make by-laws under "the Public Health (Sanitation) Ordinance, 1935, and the Building Ordinance, 1935, "to take effect elsewhere within the Colony. Later, rules were duly made; and certain sections of the Public Health (Sanitation) Ordinance were made applicable to the New Territories, giving any Health Officer, or officer duly authorised by him, power of entry to search for infectious disease. This was a prelude to the appointment this year of Chinese Sanitary Inspectors to work in the New Territories.

"Women and Girls" and "Miscellaneous" cases were as follows:

Women and Girls

24.

1937

1938

""

48;

65;

Miscellaneous

19:

27.

25. Mr. R. Edwards acted as District Officer from the 5th of June to the 10th of July.

26. The customary annual tribute to the gentlemen of the Heung Yi Kuk is here paid in all sincerity: they are very steady, and their common sense is remark- able.

31st of March, 1939.

J. BARROW,

District Officer, North.

JG

Appendix I.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE BY THE DISTRICT OFFICE IN 1937 AND 1938.

Personal Emoluments*

Other Charges.

Conveyance Allowances

Electric Light & Fans

Incidental Expenses

Local Public Works

Transport

Scavenging

Uniform

Upkeep of Grounds of Island House

Total Other Charges

Total Department

1937. $69,692.85

1938. $60,994:59

1,769.51

170.41

1,585.37 179.25

437.69

449.70

490.00

3,900.00

877.06

420.10

1,729.02

245.65

195.00

1,795.10 295.52 180.00

$5,414.34

$ 8,805.04

$75,107.19

$69,799.63

*Includes officers of Cadet and Junior Clerical Services attached to the Department.

Appendix II.

.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF REVENUE COLLECTED BY THE DISTRICT OFFICER IN 1937 AND 1938.

Dangerous Goods Licences

1937. $ 2,130.00

1938.

2,036.25

Ferries Licences

6.00

3.00

Forestry Licences, N.T.

7,675.58

6,736.10

Liquor Licences

1,806.25

1,662.50

Money Changers' Licences

250.00

275.00

Pawnbrokers Licences

1,250.00

1,500.00

Tobacco Retailer Licences

1,065.00

2,521.00

Assessed Taxes (Rates) N.T: North

7,738.71

8.049.87

Fines

5,744.99

4,458.70

Building Convenant Fines

337.06

762.16

Forfeitures

873.00

938.00

Court Fees

5.70

38.75

Boundary Stone and Survey Fees

144.00

Crown Leases

30.00

30.00

Permit to cut earth, etc.

3,649.65

3,762.83

Certified Extracts

182.00

138.00

Sunprints

70.00

120.00

Warrant Fees (Crown Rent & Small Debt's Court)

243.00

411.00

Grave Certificates

Legal Costs

Official Signatures

Matshed Permits

Permits to occupy lands

Crown Rent (Leased Lands)

Piers

Pineapple Land Leases

Stone Quarry Permits

Other Miscellaneous Receipts

Land Sales

Stamps for Deeds

7.00

1.00

32.10

15.60

3.00

5,370.40

5,743.60

3,129.30

3,587.97

94,931.99

1,404.00

8.00 8,774.27

137.00

20,394.93

4,374.00

4,556.20

$151,706.17

$169,000.38

95.51 519.66

99,292.16

389.76 1,295.00

The following revenue from this District was collected by the Accountant-General in Hong Kong.

Crown Rent

Mining Royalties

Estate duty on estates wholly within the District

Total........

1937.

$4,768.00

3,425.70

658.25

$8,851.95

1938. $ 4,868.00 $13,713.01

1,648.35

$20,229.36

J 7

←

Appendix III.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE AND REVENUE FOR THE LAST TEN YEARS.

Year.

*Personal Emoluments &

Other Charges.

Special Expenditure.

Total Expenditure.

Total Revenue.

3-

$

es

$

1929......

46,371.85

46,371.85

120,580.97

1930......

61,273.56

61,273.56

146,300.10

1931.....

61,241.64

61,241.64.

165,014.61

1932......

61,663.99

61,663.99

179,033.92

1933......

67,216.42

67,216.42

195,021.92

1934...... 67,365.49

67,365.49

169,816.21

1935.....

60,061.01

60,061.01

151,919.41

1936...... 76,498.19

214.204

76.712.39

159,080.75

1937...... 75,107.19

75,107.19

151,706.17

1938....... 69,799.63

69,799.63

169,000.38

*Includes Officers of Cadet and Junior Clerical Services attached to the Department.

AFor Maps.

NOTE.-Only money expended or collected by the District Office is included in the above table and no account is taken of revenue collected by other departments or expenditure by them, or expenditure on Public Works, Police, Medical, Educational and other services.

J S

Appendix IV.

LOCAL PUBLIC WORKS, 1938.

Receipts.

Ordinary vote: ...$1,500

Payments.

Amount.

$

Total

New works.

-

Special vote:

.$2,400

Marine typhoon refuge near Wong 1 Au,

Tai Po,

30.00

$3,900

Repairs.

Dam across a stream near Lo Shu Ling

20.00

Walls at U Kok

30.00

Path from Tai Po Market to Wun Iu

400.00

Bunds near Tai Po Old Market

30.00

Pier at Sai Kung Market

100.00

610.00

Repairs necessitated by the Typhoon of 1937.

Bunds at Wo Hang, Sha Tau Kok,

250.00

Sham Chung, Sai Kung,

250.00

وو

Luk Keng, Sha Tau Kok,

500.00

Sha Tin,

,,

100.00

Pak Ho Tun, Sha Tin,

40.00

Kuk Po, Sha Tau Kok,

250.00

,, Fung Hang, Sha Tau Kok,

50.00

"1

Kong Ha,

40.00

""

Tam Shui Hang, Sha Tau Kok,

40:00

Cheung Shu Tan, Tai Po,

50.00

""

Nam Chung, Sha Tau Kok,

150.00

So Lo Pun, Sha Tau Kok,

150.00

93

Lai Chi Wo,

300.00

Sam A, Sha Tau Kok,

40.00

>>

,, Ngau Sz Wu, Sha Tau Kok,

20.00

Yung Shu Au, Sha Tau Kok,

250.00

Shun Wan, Tai Po,

810.00

3,290.00

Total

$3,900

Total...... $3,900.00

Appendix V.

ABSTRACT OF CASES UNDER COGNISANCE OF THE POLICE MAGISTRATE'S COURTS AT TAI PO AND PING SHAN DURING THE YEAR 1938.

Total No.

Classification of Offences.

of

Total No.

of

Charges.

Defendants

Convicted

and

Sentenced.

Discharged.

Committed for trial at the Supreme

Court.

Bound over without further Penalty To keep the peace & be of good behaviour.

Convicted

and

Cautioned.

Police

Supervision.

Previously

Convicted.

OFFENCES AGAINST INDIVIDUALS.

M.

F. M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

M.

F.

M.

F.

(a) Against their Property.

1. Larceny (simple)

160

190

136

Stealing from the person

9

9

Robbery

9

16

Burglary and Housebreaking

11

18

Demanding with menaces

2

False pretences and cheating

6626

or 1 01 00 800

20

17

8.

1

11

1120

13

2

2

11

45

4

9

Receiving and possession of stolen

goods

126

93

3.

Malicious damage

4

5.

Other offences

10

16

366

39

33

18

4

2

1

-1

2

1

00

(b) Against their persons.

1. Homicide

3

4

4

2.

Ill-treatment and grievous harm

10

10

4

3.

Common assault

46

67

31

4.

Kidnapping

2

1

5. Sexual offence

1

1

6. Other offences

17

3

2

✪ --

2

1

19

11

OFFENCES OF A PUBLIC NATURE.

(c) Against the Crown & Government.

1.

Currency offences

4. Trespass and damages on Crown

Land

7.

Opium and Revenue offences

8.

Dangerous drug and goods

..9...Other offences

Carried forward

7

230

2227

49

19

265

186

58

23

31

10

6

ANN

2

3

2

1

20

1

2

1

110 1

33

6

2

1

1211

20

Appendix V,-Continued.

ABSTRACT OF CASES UNDER Cognisance OF THE POLICE MAGISTRATE'S COURTS AT TAI PO AND PING SHAN DURING THE YEAR 1938.

Total No.

Total No.

Classification of Offences.

of

of

Charges.

Defendants

Convicted

and

Sentenced.

Discharged.

Committed for trial at the

Supreme

Court.

Bound over without further Penalty To keep the peace & be of good behaviour.

Convicted

and

Cautioned.

Police

Supervision.

Previously

Convicted.

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F. M.

F.

Brought forward

(d) Against Public Justice.

2

1.

Escape and breach of Prison

2.

Returning from banishment

35

35

3.

Perjury

1

4.

Bribery

2

5.

Other offences

11

16

12120

28

1

1

12

(e) Against the Public Peace.

1.

Breach of the peace

23

74

22

2.

Unlawful possession of arms

22

43

18

3.

Other offences

6

cr

224

6

14

2

20

121

211

22

10

∞ |

11

1

1

(f) Against trade.

3. Employers and workmen offences

❤

1

(g) Against Public Morals and Police.

3.

Lotteries and gambling

32

221

4.

Offences against public health

5

7

219

5

22

5.

Street hawkers offences)

6.

Obstruction

62

63

58

4

1

5

7.

Offences with fire crackers

3

∞

2

9.

Traffic offences of a technical

nature

306

306

241

1

10.

Dangerous driving of vehicles

3

3

3

2813

22

38

49

12.

Unlicensed or unmuzzled Dogs

100

100

88

13.

Other offences

107

123

93

00201

1

2

8

19

1

--

Total..

1,418

1,82,0

1,257

170.

156

12

74

61

17

70

15

181

J 10

Appendix VI.

J 11

TAI PO AND PING SHAN, NEW TERRITORIES.

RETURN OF PUNISHMENTS AWARDED IN RESPECT OF CERTAIN CLASSES OF OFFENCES DURING THE YEAR 1938.

Punishments.

Description.

Number of

Persons

Punished.

I

Offences against:

Against

their

Individuals.

Offences of a Public Nature.

Against

their

Property.

Person.

Against the Crown and Government.

Against

Public Justice.

Against

the Public

Peace.

Against

Trade.

Against

Public Morals and Police.

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.:

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

Fined

770

80

10

223

15

73 39

2

12

2

+

Imprisoned in default

349

86 147 35

6

1

140

48

19

655 13

28

N

Imprisoned without option

92

4

46

1

N

1

30

N.

CO

100

Bound over to keep peace and to be of good behaviour

54

15

14

15

1

22

10

Convicted and cautioned

78

1

N

CO

Q

60

1

Bound over and fined

17

Bound over, ordered to pay compensation and fine

ස

Bound over and ordered to pay compensation

11

2

1

1

1

2

2

Total.

1,364 192 219 61

59

7

221

88

45

70

16

2

748 16

Convicted and Punished.

Appendix VII.

ABSTRACT OF CASES BROUGHT UNDER COGNIZANCE OF THE POLICE MAGISTRATE'S COURTS AT TAI PO AND PING SHAN

Total

Number

Years.

of Cases.

DURING A PERIOD OF FIVE YEARS.

Cases, How Disposed Of, And The Number Of Male And Female Prisoners Under Each lead.

Discharged.

Ordered to find Security to keep the Peace, to be of good Behaviour, and to answer any charge.

Committed for Trial at Supreme Court,

Convicted and Cautioned.

Total Number of Defendants.

1.

2

3

5

10

14

15

16

25

26

27

28

29

30

M.

F.

Ꭻ .

M.

J.

M.

F.

Ꭻ .

M.

· F.

J.

M.

F.

J.

M.

F.

J.

1934.

1,451

1,237

117

272 22

20

2

67

9

5

56

1

1,652

150

16

1935.

1,675 1,484 102

202

16

98

29

86

1,886

165

14

1936.

1,854 1,521 132 13

197

22

100

,13

59

1,899

158

19

1937.

1,881 1,661 190 11

266

13

39

1938.

Total

Average

per

1,656

1,418 1,257 170 23 8,279 7,160 711 56

1,432 142 11

156 12

74

22

115 23

22

2,103

231

12

61

17

68

1

1,616

202

23

1,093 80

14 171

6

CO

441 91

5

291

18

9

9,155 906 84

219 16

3

34

1

88

18

1

58

4

2

1,831

181 17

Year.

Appendix VIII.

RETURN OF JUVENILE OFFENDERS BROUGHT BEFORE THE POLICE MAGISTRATE'S COURTS AT TAI PO AND PING SHAN DURING THE YEAR 1938.

A--Boys.

Classification of Offenders.

Total

No. of

Defend.

Convicted & Sentenced

Fines

Committed to Remand Home.

ants.

(Inflicted on Parents),

1

3

4

5

J 12

Committed to Industrial School,

Guardian Bound over for Good

Behaviour of Defendants.

1

2

3

1

2 3

4

Possession of Raw Opium

Possession of dutiable tobacco

Larceny of growing trees

Larceny of purse containing money

2261

Total.

11

1

6

1

1

2

(1) Age under 10.

(2) Over 10 and under 12.

(3) Over 12 and under 14,

(4) Over 14 and under 15.

(5) Over 15 and under 16.

J 13.

Appendix VIII.

RETURN OF JUVENILE OFFENDERS BROUGHT BEFORE THE MAGISTRATE'S COURTS

AT TAI PO AND PING SHAN DURING THE YEAR 1938.

B.-GIRLS.

Classification of Offenders.

Total No. of Defen-

Fine (inflicted on)

Committed to Salvation Army Home for Women & Girls.

dants.

(Parents.)

Possession of Raw Opium

1

Ι

Larceny

Trespassing on a Govern-

ment Plantation

11

Total......

13

3333

(1) Age under 10.

(4) Over 14 and under 15.

2

CO

Co

3

co

H

N

10

5

1

2

3 4 5

2

1

1

(2) Over 10 and under 12.

(3) Over 12 and under 14.

(5) Over 15 and under 16.

Appendix IX.

SMALL DEBTS COURTS.

.1937.

1938.

Average from

1933-1937.

Cases heard

87

125

144

Writs of Execution

21

30

42

Appendix X.

€

ن

Amount

paid for

Resumption

of Land.

Term

of

Years.

No. of

Increase

Decrease

Amount

Sales,

No. of

Area in

of

of

Heading.

Permits,

Lots.

acres.

Licences,

Annual

Rent.

Annual

of

Premia,

Rent.

Fees, etc.

etc.

€9

ن

J 14-

""

""

""

19

"}

''

Sales of Land for Agriculture

54

57

9.73

52.20

Building

66

71

1.56

214.00

& Garden

1

1

24.38

24.40

Orchard

13

14

59.77

120.60

& Garden

& Agriculture

3,326.00

1,587.00

2.655.00

75

75

75

7,450.00

75

Garden & Agriculture

Threshing Floor

Garden

11

"}

""

>>

Fish Pond

>>

Lime Kiln

148

.23

.50

51.00

75

.28

1.30

176.00

75

S |

1.92

219.60

2.736.00

75

2

73.19

104.90

1,737.00

75

1

2

.04

4.00

Conversions

Permits to occupy land for Agriculture

32.00

75

142

3.29

377.00

405.93

75

2

4.40

63.00

21

4

>>

; }

''

"

""

>>

""

""

"}

6

19.22

61.80

10

90

157

109.70

702.76

5

347

""

539

273.42

2,634.59

1

Other purposes

15

16

59.72

Extensions

125.82

1

6

6

.18

Exchanges

35.00

239.00

75

3

.17

.51

75

Re-entries

464

34.95

269.35

Surrenders

17

.81

32.75

Resumptions

159

6.91

15.25

Stone Quarry Permits

2,981.22

111

Permits to cut Earth, etc.

1,295.00

472

Matshed Permits

3,762.83

1,271

21.85

Ferry Licences

5,743.60

1

3.00

Forestry Licences

513

513.

Pinc-apple land Leases

364

364

33,680.50

129.92

6,736.10

Grave Certificates

2

Deeds registered and fees

2,945

389.76

1.00

4,556.20

1

5

:

Appendix J. (1)

REPORT ON THE NEW TERRITORIES FOR THE YEAR 1938.

SOUTHERN DISTRICT.

STAFF.

Mr. S. F. Balfour continued as District Officer until the 20th September when Mr. A. G. Clarke took over. Mr. H. J. Cruttwell was appointed District Officer on the 24th November.

REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE.

2. Tables I to III show comparative details of Revenue and Expenditure of the Department for 1937 and 1938.

3. The Revenue collected by the Department as shown in Table II increased by $3,986.42, the largest increases being in rates, earth and stone permits, deeds registration fees and miscellaneous permits. Those served largely to set off a fall of $14,367.13 in premia for new leases, which were however unusually high in 1937.

4. Table III shows a comparative statement of Revenue and Expenditure of the Department for the last ten years.

MAGISTRACY.

5. Tables IV to VIII give details of the cases heard by the District Officer sitting as Police Magistrate and as Judge of the Small Debts Court.

6. The number of police cases (Table VII) increased by 159 as compared with 1937.

7. There were no murder charges. Öf the two manslaughter charges, one was committed to the Supreme Court, the other amended.

In addition six persons were committed for robbery, two for forgery, two for possession of dangerous drugs, one for breach of deportation ordinance and three for unlawful possession of arms.

8. There were fewer larcenies, but there was towards the close of the year a large increase in forestry offences.

9. Three boys and three girls were dealt with as juvenile offenders.

10.

The number of Small Debts cases rose slightly, but the writs of execution declined by more than 75%..

11. Two death inquiries with jury were held by the District Officer as Coroner.

LAND.

12. Table X shews the work of the land office during the year.

Sales both of building and agricultural land fell considerably, 11.90 acres being sold yielding premia of $4,216.00 as against 77.62 acres with premia of $18,270.00 in 1937. The greatest decrease was in sales of land to non-local persons.

13. The number of memorials registered rose from 1057 for 1937 to 1305.

14. There was a slight decrease in the acreage held under forestry licence.

(

CC

J. (1) 2

GENERAL.

15. The Southern District, whilst less severely tried than the Northern District, also felt the effects of the undeclared war," though the islands suffered and the mainland gained. While the fishing fleets often feared to venture far out, particularly from Tai O, the Tsun Wan area gave promise of developing into a haven for fugitive industries from China.)

season.

AGRICULTURE.

16. With the exception of pineapples, cultivation had on the whole a successful Rice crops and prices were good generally, and vegetables did well particularly on Lamma.

The cattle and pig industries were fairly successful.

FISHERIES.

17. The results of the season were only moderate, though some good catches were made off Tai O.

TRANSPORT.

18. The ferry services were taken over in November 1938 by the Hong Kong Yaumati Ferry Company, who soon shewed themselves anxious to maintain efficient services and to remedy defects.

On the mainland the buses of the Kowloon Motor Bus Company continued to be crowded, and not infrequently had to turn away intending passengers.

19.

REGISTRATION OF BIRTHS AND DEATHS.

846 births and 762 deaths in all were registered at Tsun Wan, Cheung Chau and Tai O as against 691 and 905 respectively for 1937. There were no prosecutions during the year.

SANITATION.

20. The scavenging work was moderately well carried out in Hang Hau, Tsun Wan, Tai O and Cheung Chau. In the latter place an incinerator came into operation near the end of the year. A case of cholera occurred in Cheung Chau in the late summer. Congestion made this work both more necessary and more difficult, particularly in Tsun Wan and Cheung Chau.

HYGIENE.

21. The Government travelling dispensary continued to do useful work on the mainland, as did the dispensary at Sham Tseng.

Medical Officers paid regular visits to the islands, and Tai O continued to have the services of a midwife and dispensary.

22. The St. John Ambulance Brigade was as before responsible for the running of the Haw Par Hospital at Cheung Chau, while their clinic at Tsun Wan rendered valuable services.

The former dealt with 32,891 cases and the latter with 21,851 compared with 30,115 and 14,658 cases respectively in 1937.

TAI O.

23. Considering the adverse conditions prevailing, Tai O had quite a good year; but the decrease of 111 in the number of craft built locally and of $1,100 in boat licences is significant.

J (1) 3

24. The following Table gives approximate total figures for the principal catches during the year :-

Price per picul.

Ma Yau

Herring

Wong Fa

Shrimps

Catch.

1937.

1938.

1937. 1938.

500 piculs.

80 piculs.

$20 00

$17.50

1,000

"

2,000

$15.00 $13.00

,,

.14,000

14,750

800

2,900

$14.00 $10.50

$ 7.00 $10.00

The catches of herring and Wong Fa were particularly good, but prices were rather lower than in 1937.

25. All of the stalls in the market did fairly good business.

26. The most successful local industry was salt, the output increasing from 17,200 piculs in 1937 to 25,000 piculs in 1938, the price also improving.

LAMMA ISLAND.

27. A bad year for the poultry and egg business, disease causing considerable losses among the chickens.

Cattle did fairly well and there was some improvement in pig breeding, also in fishing and the shrimp trade.

CHEUNG CHAU.

28. A poor year compared with 1937. Fishing which is the key industry of Cheung Chau did badly few junks ventured down from Kwangtung and local catches were poor. The salt fish and shrimp trades, however, did moderate

business.

29. The market area was generally crowded but business was dull.

30. Small outbreaks of fire occurred at Tung Wan and Tai Choi Yuen, but no serious damage was done. By the end of the year a second fire engine had been allotted to Cheung Chau and both were in good order.

TSUN WAN.

31. A continuing poor level of health as the result of malaria spoiled a good year both for business and general development.

The new market did good business in particular the rice shops increased by about 70% thanks to the influx of workmen engaged both on civil and military schemes. By the end of the year three blocks containing 27 houses and/or shops had been put up and further blocks were under construction.

32. Work on the Asiatic Petroleum Company's reclamation continued, while the Hong Kong Brewery at Sham Tseng and the Hume Pipe Company had quite good years.

Political conditions, which had an adverse effect on the business of the Texaco, brought new businesses to the district, namely the Mayar Silk Factory, Lun Sang water bottle factory and the South China Iron Works.

33. Pineapples were even worse than in 1937, but the beancurd, soy, and especially the firewood trades, did well.

H. J. CRUTTWELL,

District Officer, South.

30 March, 1939.

J (1) 4

Table I.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE 1937 AND 1938.

Personal Emoluments

OTHER CHARGES.

Conveyance Allowances

Incidental Expenses

Lighting

Local Public Works

Rent for Offices

Scavenging

Transport

Uniforms

1937.

*$36,290.57

1938.

$58,987.79

617.31

664.16

195.83

315.16

732.48

718.54

1,800.00

2,405.00

6,200.00

5,000.00

1,524.00

1,776.09

534.07

749.97

95.24

114.34

Total Department...... $48,189.50

$70,731.05

*Includes Officers of Cadet and Junior Clerical Services.

Table II.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF REVENUE COLLECTED BY THE DISTRICT

OFFICER, 1937 AND 1938.

1937.

1938.

Fines

$1,266.23

$1,177.27

Building Covenant Fines

89.93

47.12

Forfeitures

185.00

495.00

Forestry Licences

2,188.40

2.456.70

Hawkers' Licences

*147.00

Miscellaneous Licences

280.00

13.00

Assessed Taxes (Rates)

858.56

1,966.93

Earth & Stone Permits

589.00

2,987.12

Legal Costs

112.00

102.00

Boundary Stones & Survey Fees

138.00

212.00

Crown Leases

30.00

60.00

Miscellaneous Fees

157.70

240.25

Deeds Registration Fees

1,656.45

3,543.70

Leased Lands

$23,599.95

$24,021.81

Pineapple Land Leases

447.68

Bathing Matshed Permits

5,785.95

444.26 6,619.37

Matshed Permits

842.70

829.00

Temporary Structure on Private Land

853.00

1,093.00

Permit to Occupy Land

431.20

530.80

Miscellaneous Permits

715.25

4,912.75

Stone Quarries

125.00

234.00

Market Fees

4,753.41

3,877.31

Other Miscellaneous Receipts

29.20.

Premia on New Leases

18,743.53

4,276.40

Revenue Reward Fund

976.64

318.80

Arms Fine Fund

162.23

Poor Box

48.94

101.08

Total..... $64,874.52

$60,898.10

*Previously under "Miscellaneous Licences.'

§ 1. Actual Collections, including normal arrears for previous year.

2. Amount due on 1937 Rent Roll..

Amount due on 1938 Rent Roll..

$23,752.68. $23,906.76.

J (1) 5

Table III.

*Personal Emoluments and

Other Charges.

Special Expenditure.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE AND REVENUE OF THE

DISTRICT OFFICE FOR LAST TEN YEARS.

Total Expenditure of the Department.

Total Revenue .Collected by the Department.

1929......

$ &

23,776.34

$

$

$

¢

23,776.34

40,870.41

1930......

39,410.90

39,410.90

46,715.94

1931.....

36,282.47

36,282.47

51,285.59

1932...... 42,073.65§

Į

42,073.65

56,679.19

1933.....

47,116.63

47,116.63

62,282.58

1934.....

41,790.00

41,790.00

63,912.43

>

i

1935...... 43,911.09

43,911.09

53,658.04

1936.....

48,207.58

48,207.58

51,882.66

1937.....

47,989.50

200.00

48,189.50

64,874.52

1938......

70,731.05

70,731.05

60,898.10

* Includes Officers of Cadet and Junior Clerical Services attached to Department.

§ Includes salary, May to November, of Cadet Officer on leave.

1

Table IV.

ABSTRACT OF CASES UNDER COGNISANCE OF THE POLICE MAGISTRATE'S COURT AT DISTRICT OFFICE, SOUTH DURING THE YEAR 1938. CASES, HOW DISPOSED OF, AND THE NUMBER OF MALE AND FEMALE DEFENDANTS UNDER EACH

HEAD.

Classification of Offences.

Total No. Total No. of

Charges.

of Defen-

dants.

Convicted

and

Sentenced.

Committed for

Discharged.

trial at the

Bound over to keep the peace

and be of good

Bail

Estreated.

Supreme Court.

behaviour.

M.

F.

J. M. F.

J.

M. F. J.

M. F. J.

M.

F.

J.

OFFENCES AGAINST INDIVIDUALS.

(a)—Against their Property.

Larceny (Simple)

109

134

86

Robbery

4

10

141

1

29

Forgery

3

4

False Pretences

1

1

1

Stealing from Person

3

3

Larceny from Dwelling House

3

1

Receiving Stolen Property

12

13

1

(b)—Against their Person.

Assault (Common)

28

71

1

10

Assault (Bodily Harm)

1.

4

24

1

1

51

1

Murder

Manslaughter

2

N

1

1

OFFENCES OF A PUBLIC NATURE.

(a)-Against the Crown and Government.

Dangerous Drugs

Dangerous Goods

3

Opium Offences

51

82

29

Revenue Offences

61

61

45

20

CD CD OR 20

10

4

2

12

W3

1

40

1

(b)-Against Public Justice.

Deportation

9

9

00

1

(c)—Against Public Peace.

Unlawful Possession of Arms

10

3

1

(d)--Against Public Morals and Police.

Gambling Offences

Hawking Offences

Other Offences

160

SEO

27

235

71

72

209

55 38 1

42

6

14

116 24

32

1

Sand Stealing

7

11

1

4

9 21

6

1

132

12

1

Total..

566

943

403 37

138

5 3

15

108 38

6 189

M. Male.

F. Female.

Juvenile.

| | | |

1 1 1 1

J (1) 6

Table V.

RETURN OF PUNISHMENTS AWARDED IN RESPECT OF CERTAIN CLASSES OF OFFENCES AT DISTRICT OFFICE, SOUTH DURING THE YEAR 1938.

Punishments.

Offences against Individuals.

Offences of a Public Nature.

No. of

Persons

Description.

Punished,

Against

their

Property.

Against

Against the

Against

Against

Public

Other

their

Person.

Crown and Government.

Public

Morals and

Offences.

Justice.

Police.

M.

F.

J. M.

F.

J. M.

F.

J. M.

F. J. M.

F.

J.

M.

F. J. M.

F.

J.

Fined

328 12

2 18

1

16

55 1

1

204

7

1

34 3

Imprisoned in default

239 29

16

1

67

5

7

69

79 24

Peremptory imprisonment

Bound over to keep peace and to be of good behaviour

Total

177

2

90

2

2

15

109 38

7 34

5

LO

25

37

451

6

I 3! 6

1

11

1

9 21

1

853 81

9158

8

4

70

6

1140 12

17

309

7

2 159 48

2

M. = Male.

F. = Female.

J. = Juvenile.

(1) 7

6

Table VI (A.)

RETURN OF JUVENILE OFFENDERS BROUGHT BEFORE THE POLICE MAGISTRATE'S COURT AT

DISTRICT OFFICE, SOUTH DURING THE YEAR 1938.

A.-Boys.

Convicted and Sentenced.

Bound Over.

Classifi-

cation of

Offences.

Total No. of Defendants.

Caned in

Court.

Caned and Bound over.

Fined.

To keep the peace and Imprisoned. be of good behaviour.

To come

up for

Judgment.

Convicted

and

Discharged

or

Cautioned.Order made.

Previously Convicted.

Bail

Estreated.

Larceny

1

Gambling

2

Cutting trees

2

Assault

1

!

5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

1.

1.

1.

+

(1)-Age under 10.

(2)—Over 10 and under 12.

(8)-Over 12 and under 14.

(4)-Over 14 and under 15. (5)—Over 15 and under 16.

8

Table VI (B.)

B.-Girls,

'

Convicted and Sentenced.

Bound Over.

Classifi-

cation of

Offences.

Total No. of Defendants.

Caned in

Court.

Caned and Bound over.

Fined,

Imprisoned. be of good behaviour.

To keep the

peace and

To come

up for

judgment.

Convicted

and

Cautioned.

Discharged

or

Order made.

Previously

Convicted.

Bail

Estreated.

1

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2., 3. 4. 5.

4.5.

!

Larceny

3

2.1.

(1)-Age under 10.

(2)-Over 10 and under 12.

(3)-Over 12 and under 14.

(4)-Over 14 and under 15.

(5)-Over 15 and under 16.

J (1) 9

Table VII.

?

ABSTRACT OF CASES BROUGHT UNDER COGNIZANCE OF THE POLICE MAGISTRATE'S COURT DURING A PERIOD OF FIVE YEARS.

Cases, how disposed of, and the Number of Male and Female Prisoners under each. Head.

Years.

Total

No.

of

Cases.

Committed

Convicted

and

Punished.

for trial at

Discharged.

Supreme

Court.

Committed to Prison or

detained pending Order

Order to find

Security.

To keep the peace, to be of good behaviour

Punished for

of His

: Did not appear and absconded.

Escaped before being brought for trial at the

preferring false

Escaped.

charge or

Undecided

Magistracy.

Excellency the

giving false testimony.

and to answer

Governor.

any Charge.

1

2

3

4

5

6

8

00

9

10

11

12

13 14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

223

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

M.

F. J. M.

F.

J.

M.

F.

J.

M.

F.

J.

M.

F.

J.

M.

F.

J.

M.

F.

J. | M.

F.

M.

F.

J.

M.

F.

1934

521

535 10

හ

81

Co

1935

402

367

1936

374

371 26

888

29

49

4

6

44 5

2

16

22

20

75

1937

508 397

56 1

36

7

9

32

2008

CO

♡

52

22 23

88

1 1

15

94 13

1938

667

403 37

138

5

10

3

15

108

38

6

189

1

Total

2,472

2,078

158

10 348

20

5

10

31

198

59

6

CO

498

15

113

Aver-

age

494.4

414.631.6 2

69.6

1

6.2

39.6 11.8

3. 1.299.6

.2

per

year.

J (1)

10

Table VII.

↑ OF CASES BROUGHT UNDER COGNIZANCE OF THE POLICE MAGISTRATE'S COURT DURING A PERIOD OF FIVE YEARS,

Canon, how disposed of, and the Number of Male and Feinale Prisoners under ouch Hond.

Committed for trial at

Supreme

Court.

Committed to Prison or

detained pending Order

of His Excellency the Governor.

Ordor to And

Security.

To keep the peace, to be of good behaviour and to answer any Charge.

Punished for

Did not

appear and absconded.

Escaped before being brought for trial at the

preferring false

Total No.

Escaped.

Magistracy.

charge or

giving false

Undecided.

of

Defendants.

testimony.

6

8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15 16

17 18 19

20 21 22

23

24

25 26 27

28

29

30

31

32

33

J. M. F. J. M. F.

J. M. F.

J. M. F. J. M. F. J.

M.

F.

M.

F. J.

M.

F.

J.

M.

F. J.

~

co

16

F

75

1

A

22

Go

52

5

20

88

1

T

7

9

32

15

94 13

མ་

3

15

108

38

6

189

1

710

12

494

33

523

35 9

568

91 1

853

81

9

233

00

}

5

20

CO

6

498

113

15

3,148

252

22

1

6.2

39.6 11.8 1.2 99.6

3.

.2

629.6 50.4 4.4

· 31

198

59

Taw.

.

Appendix K.

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF POLICE, 1938.

GENERAL.

1. (The year 1938 proved no less difficult than the preceding year. The last few months of 1937 had been marked by repercussions in the Colony, especially in regard to refugees, of the Japanese military operations round Shanghai. Conditions were reasonably quiet during the first few months of 1938, but extension of Japanese operations to South China caused another big influx of refugees and a general disturbance of normal conditions. The conditions prevail- ing in the Colony from the effects of the Sino-Japanese conflict are reflected in the number of unknown dead bodies found by police in the streets and elsewhere. From an average of just over 1,000 during the previous four years, the number rose to 2,991 in 1938. This figure alone gives one indication of the extra work thrown upon the Police, Medical and Sanitary Departments during the year.

{

2.Steps were taken to restrict the number of destitute refugees entering the Colony. The capture of Canton and other places caused the opening of several prisons in the neighbouring province and the arrival of many criminals in the Colony. Disruption of civil government in Chinese territory near the border led to many cases of robbery in British territory. The upward tendency of serious crime is indicated by the number of cases dealt with at criminal sessions. number in 1938 was 167 cases, as against 150 in 1937 and 114 in 1936.

The

3. Despite these factors it is satisfactory to report that there was a decrease of 8% in the number of serious crimes in comparison with 1937, although this was offset by an increase in minor crimes so that the total figure for all crime. was 9.3% higher than in 1937.

4. Owing to pressure of other duties it was not possible to hold a "Safety First' campaign. The increase in the number of traffic accidents testifies to the need of such campaigns in the Colony. This has been recognised by the inclusion of money for "Safety First" campaigns as an annual charge in the Police Department estimates. It is hoped to organize a campaign in 1939. Special attention will be devoted to propaganda in the way of pamphlets, street lectures and street notices. There was a very marked increase in the number of accidents, fatal and not fatal, ascribed to persons running across the streets.

5. The Police Reserve was called out for service on October 15th and rendered valuable service to the end of the year, Details are given in Annexe B.

6. The department collected $1,088,426 revenue during the year.

7. Ten more Chinese probationer sub-inspectors were recruited during the year, and three casualties occurred. Their work and progress during the year have been good, confirming the confidence I expressed last year in the future success of these officers.

8. The new police sports ground at Boundary Street, Kowloon, was formally opened by His Excellency the Governor on October 19th. It has been in regular use since. The absence of a pavilion has been a great handicap, but this will be remedied in 1939 through the generosity of Mr. Eu Tong Sen. With charac- teristic generosity Mr. Eu made an original gift of $20,000 to build a pavilion, providing accommodation for all contingents, and added a further $7,050 when it was found that this extra sum was necessary to carry through the desired building

K 2

proposal. The sports ground provides two football grounds, a hockey ground, grass and hard tennis courts and basketball courts. It will prove an inestimable benefit to the Force generally.

VISITS.

9. On February 17th, His Excellency Sir Archibald Kerr Clark Kerr, K.C.M.G., British Ambassador to China, accompanied by Lady Clark Kerr arrived in the Colony en route to Chungking to take up his duties. His Excellency left for Shanghai on the 19th February on board H.M.S. "Falmouth".

10. Coincident with the visit of the British Ambassador, His Excellency Signor Guiliano Cora, Italian Ambassador to China, arrived on February 17th for a brief holiday in the Colony.

11. On March 24th His Excellency the Governor of Macao arrived in the Colony to return a courtesy call made on him the previous year by H.E. the Officer Administering the Government of Hong Kong. His Excellency was the guest of honour at a number of official and private functions during a stay of four days.

SPECIAL EVENTS.

12. Departure of H.E. the General Officer Commanding.-On the 10th of December, H.E. Major-General A. W. Bartholomew, C.B., C.M.G., C.B.E., D.S.O., General Officer Commanding British Troops in China, left the Colony on relinquishing his command. A large gathering of Government and Consular officials and prominent local residents assembled at Queen's Pier to bid him fare- well. Special police arrangements were made for these functions and no untoward

incidents occurred.

13. Smallpox epidemic.-A serious epidemic of smallpox which broke out towards the end of 1937 continued during the first seven months of 1938. The total number of cases notified between January 1st and the end of July was 2,290 of which 1,915 proved fatal. An intensive vaccination campaign was instituted, all incoming ships being met by medical officers and police for examination and vaccination of passengers where necessary. Police co-operated with the medical authorities in this task where ever possible.

14. Extortion case. At the September Criminal Sessions, four police officers, Lance Sergeant A62 C. H. Telfer; Lance Sergt. C292 Leung Chi; Police Constable C693 Mak Kwong Iu; and Police Constable C696 San Kui, were charged before the Chief Justice on two counts of attempting to extort money from the proprietors of two mah-jong schools in Temple Street, Yaumati, on the 9th and 11th May 1938. The jury returned unanimous verdicts against all of the accused on both counts and Telfer was sentenced to two years with hard labour on each count, Lance Sergt. Leung Chi to 18 months with hard labour on each count, and the two constables to twelve months with hard labour on each count, the sentences in each case to run concurrently. All of them were dismissed from the Force.

15. Transfer of the Special Branch to new offices. On May 1st the Special Branch of the C.I.D. was transferred to new offices in the Chung Tin Building, Des Voeux Road Central. The rapid expansion of this branch in recent years had rendered the old offices at headquarters totally inadequate for its needs, and in addition it was considered advisable in the interests of public convenience to have the passport and registration offices located in the centre of the city. On June 2nd the Special Branch took over complete control of passport work formerly done in the Colonial Secretariat. The old offices were reconverted to married quarters.

16. Inspection by H.E. the Governor.-H.E. Sir Geoffry Northcote, K.C.M.G., inspected the Hong Kong Police Force and presented medals at Police Head- quarters on Monday, February 7th and again on Friday, June 3rd, 1938.

K 3

On the first occasion, the following medals awarded in presented:

Colonial Police Long- Service Medals-53.

Hong Kong Police Silver Medal-1.

1936 were

Revolver and musketry awards together with proficiency certificates for life saving won in 1936 were presented by H. E. after the medal presentation.

On the second occasion the following medals awarded in 1937 were presented:-

Colonial Police Long Service Medals-23.

Bars to Colonial Police Long Service Medals-3.

Hong Kong Police Silver Medals-2.

17. His Excellency also presented the King's Police Medal, awarded in the 1938 New Year Honours, to the Commissioner, the Hon. Mr. T. H. King.

18. Seven officers who had received H.E. the Governor's commendation during 1937 were presented to His Excellency and successful candidates received proficiency certificates for life saving gained during the previous year.

19. (Unauthorised war relief collections. In response to representations made by the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce, permission was granted in August to the Fruit and Vegetable Dealers Guild to maintain three stalls at certain places in Central district and in Kowloon for the sale of fruit, all the proceeds to be devoted to Chinese war relief funds. The movement caught on and developed into an unauthorized general public drive for collections in aid of war relief. In certain districts police had to take stringent action to check the movement, over which the original promotors had lost control. This was par- ticularly the case in Kowloon. In some instances police were requested, and agreed, to take charge of considerable sums of money until they could be paid into the banks on the following day. Police prosecuted 44 persons for unauthorized street collecting.

20. Attacks on junks.-Towards the close of 1937, the Japanese naval forces began a series of systematic attacks on Chinese fishing and cargo junks plying in Chinese waters just outside the sea boundaries of the Colony. These were con- tinued in 1938. In some cases the junks were taken away by the Japanese, but the usual procedure was either to sink them or to burn them. The total extent of these attacks is not known, but during the last six months of 1938, 71 attacks on vessels based on Hong Kong were reported to police, including attacks on a steam launch and three lighters.)

This campaign against fishing vessels has had a serious effect on the local fishing industry as the activities of the fishing fleets are for the most part now confined to British waters. It also entailed a lot of extra work on the Water Police in making enquiries and furnishing reports.

21. Air Raid Precautions.-Practice black-outs were held on the 28th February and on the 24th and 25th November, with a view to testing the extent to which the Colony could be darkened without undue interference with the normal life of the public, and to exercise certain air raid precaution services, under restricted lighting conditions. The practices gave satisfactory, though not completely suc- cessful results. Police precautions were taken, but the occasions were not marked by any serious crime or accidents.

22. Sino-Japanese hostilities near the frontier.-On October 10th, information was received of a possible Japanese landing at Bias Bay, and on October 11th, police were instructed to hold themselves in readiness to man the border posts along the frontier. At 11.00 a.m. on October 12th, orders were received for police

- K 4

to man all border posts, and to be in position fully equipped by 5.30 p.m. the same day. Sha Tin and Castle Peak stations were closed immediately; men from the former station were posted at Man Kam To under canvas; Indian police from Castle Peak, Sai Kung and Sha Tau Kok stations were sent to garrison the Sha Tau Kok blockhouse. Additional police from the European, Chinese and Indian contingents, finally totalling 66 men, were drafted from Hong Kong and Kowloon Stations to augment the New Territory police on the frontier, and in the Government refugee camp at Kam Tin, which was established on October 14th./

23. On October 12th with the help of the Controller of Stores and the Medical Department, large amounts of stores and camp equipment were rapidly assembled at Central compound and transported out to the New Territories by van and train. The Royal Army Ordnance Corps also rendered valuable co-operation in supplying tents, a field kitchen and other equipment outside the scope of Police stores.

24. On October 13th, the Kowloon-Canton highway was closed, and on October 15th, the railway service beyond Shum Chun was discontinued. The frontier, however, remained quiet until November 24th; it was then estimated that approximately 20,000 refugees had passed over into British territory. Railway trucks were used as additional refugee camps at Fan Ling and Cha Hang.

25. At 8.00 p.m. on November 25th, about 200 armed Chinese soldiers crossed the border at Lin Ma Hang blockhouse and surrendered; they were detained at Ta Ku Ling.

26. On November 26th, fighting became general along the border from Shum Chun and near Sha Tau Kok. The Shum Chun wireless station was shelled by the Japanese; one shell landed in Liu Pok village, British territory, wounding three persons, one of whom subsequently died. Many Chinese soldiers crossed the border during the day and were detained, and a further large number were later rounded up at Un Long.

27. During the Japanese advance on Lo Wu, bullets fell freely in British territory, round the Lo Wu blockhouse; two police officers narrowly_escaped death when a shell exploded near their motor cycle. On two occasions, Japanese detachments crossed over into British territory but retired after representations were made by British police and military authorities. Shum Chun was finally captured by the Japanese at noon on November 26th.

28. From November 25th, the influx of refugees increased tremendously to an estimated total of 80,000 persons; many emergency refugee camps were established in the New Territories by various Hong Kong charitable organisations to care for these people.

29. On November 27th, the military authorities took over control of the Sha Tau Kok blockhouse, Man Kam To and Lo Wu, and on November 29th they took over all border posts; police, however, were retained in reserve.

This ar- rangement remained in force up till December 6th when police resumed full control.

On November 29th and subsequent dates all interned Chinese soldiers were removed from the New Territories and interned in the S.S. "Lee Hong", pending their removal to Ma Tau Chung camp on December 8th.

30%

Hong Kong Police Reserve. Owing to the need for drafting additional regular police to the border, the Police Reserve was called out on active service as from October 15th, 1938. Men from all contingents rendered efficient service to the end of the year in the urban areas, to make up for shortage of regular police. I take the opportunity to express my thanks for these services.

K 5

SPECIAL EVENTS (CRIME).

Seizure of forged bank notes and printing plants:-

31. On 10th February, 1938, police simultaneously raided premises at No. 184, Des Voeux Road Central, 2nd floor, No. 109, Wellington St., 2nd floor and No. 70, Connaught Road Central, 2nd floor and at these addresses seized:-

(a) 2,008 forged $1.00 notes of the Canton Municipal Bank.

(b) 2,394 forged 50 cent notes of the Yu Ming Bank of Kiang-Si.

(c) A large quantity of blank paper used for making these forged notes.

(d) A number of unfinished forged bank notes,

(e) Printing presses, plates and other paraphernalia for making these

notes.

32. Four Chinese males and one Chinese female were arrested in con- nection with these seizures and at the March criminal sessions the ringleader was sentenced to 7 years' imprisonment with hard labour. The woman was sentenced to 5 years' imprisonment with hard labour and the two men were each sentenced to 6 years' imprisonment with hard labour. One Chinese male was found not guilty and discharged.

33. Prior to these raids large quantities of forged Yu Ming Bank notes were seized from time to time at the Kowloon railway station as they were being smuggled from the Colony to Chinese territory.

Manslaughter:---

34. On 17th February, 1938, Special Guard No. 9 Hayat Mohamed was beaten with a brass-mounted stick and subsequently died from injuries so inflicted. Deceased's death was the result of a quarrel over a $10.00 wager between Special Guard No. 3 Sher Zaman and deceased regarding the manner of fixing a typhoon bar.

35. Two Indian Guards, Special Guard No. 3 Sher Zaman and Special Guard No. 18 Fateh Khan, were charged with the crime of murder. At the March criminal sessions, the charge was reduced to one of manslaughter and both defendants were found guilty. Both appealed against their conviction and on 4th May, 1938, the appeal of Sher Zaman was dismissed and the appeal of Fateh Khan was allowed and his conviction quashed by the Court of Criminal Appeal.

Murder:-

36. At about 12.25 a.m. on 11th March, a Chinese male named Huen Kon Wang was found staggering along Tin Hau Temple Road with bullet wounds in his body. It was found that the wounded man had received his injuries in a cave on the hillside above King's Road. On examination the cave was found to contain the body of Huen Kon Hing, a brother of Huen Kon Wang. Subsequent enquiries revealed that deceased and his brother were members of a gang who were committing crimes in the Colony.

The gang suspected that the two brothers had given information against them, and in consequence shot them, leaving the bodies in the cave believing that they were both dead. Huen Kon Wang was able materially to assist the Police in clearing up this crime before he eventually succumbed to his injuries 12 days

later.

K 6-

37. The revolver used for the shooting was found to be one stolen on 28th December, 1937, from an Indian constable who was attacked by four Chinese youths near Monmouth Path.

38. At the April criminal sessions two members of the gang were found guilty of the murder of Huen Kon Hing and one was found not guilty.

Murder:

39. On 5th May, 1938, Mrs. Sybil Ruby Challinor, residing at No. 499 The Peak, was brutally murdered by her cook-house-boy named Lam Chun. Sometime about 4 a.m. on that day Mr. Challinor saw Lam Chun attacking his wife with two kitchen knives. Mr. Challinor jumped out of bed and closed with Lam Chun. Mrs. Challinor received multiple stab wounds from which she died on the spot. Mr. Challinor received several stab wounds in the struggle but managed to disarm Lam Chun who ran out of the room. Two Chinese detectives arrived on the scene and arrested Lam Chun.

40. At the July criminal sessions, Lam Chun was found guilty of murder and was sentenced to death.

Seizure of coining machinery:—-

41. On the 31st August, 1938, a raid was carried out at No. 61, Tai Nam Street, 1st floor. In the front cubicle police found seven moulds and a large quantity of counterfeiting materials for the making of counterfeit Hong Kong five and ten cent pieces of both the new and old design. Several unfinished five and ten cent pieces, hot from the moulds, together with 42 counterfeit Hong Kong ten cent pieces and 577 counterfeit five cent pieces were also found. One Chinese male was arrested and charged. At September criminal sessions he was sentenced to 4 years' imprisonment with hard labour.

Murder & attempted murder on Chinese Maritime Customs launch:-

.

42. Between 7 and 8 a.m. on the morning of 11th January, 1937, while the Chinese Maritime Customs launch "Cheung Keng" was on her way from Sam Mun to Hong Kong and was approximately one mile off Fu Tau Mun in British waters, Chung Chi Cheung, a cabin boy on board the launch, suddenly shot to death with a revolver the captain, Douglas Lorne Campbell. He also shot at and seriously wounded the ship's navigation officer, Chu Cheung Koeh. After committing the crime Chung Chi Cheung attempted to commit suicide by shooting himself. The launch sailed into Hong Kong under police escort and the case was taken over by the Hong Kong police. On the recovery of Chung Chi Cheung extradition proceedings were commenced with a view to extraditing him to China for trial. In June, 1937, the extradition proceedings failed as Chung Chi Cheung proved that he was a British subject, born in Hong Kong of Chinese parents. Chung Chi Cheung was then charged with murder and at the August, 1937, criminal sessions was found guilty and sentenced to death. Chung Chi Cheung appealed against this sentence on the grounds that the Supreme Court of Hong Kong had no jurisdiction to try him, because although he was a British subject and the crime had been committed when the launch was in British waters, it took place on board a Chinese armed vessel of which he was a member of the crew. The appeal was disallowed by the Full Court of Criminal Appeal of Hong Kong. Chung Chi Cheung then appealed to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. In October, 1938, after investigating his case, the Judicial Committee upheld the decision of the Full Criminal Court of Hong Kong. In the same month Chung Chi Cheung was granted a reprieve and his sentence was commuted to imprisonment for life.

K 7 -

Shooting with intent to do grievous bodily harm:--

43. On the night of 2nd-3rd December, 1938, Lance-Sergeant H. R. Terrett of the Hong Kong Police arrested a Chinese male named Wong Shu Lun alias Li Sau Hi. During the course of the inquiries, Sergeant Terrett accompanied Wong Shu Lun to the 3rd floor of the Wing On Bank building, Des Voeux Road Central. Whilst in this building, Wong Shu Lun suddenly produced a revolver and shot at Sergeant Terrett, seriously wounding him in the neck. Wong Shu Lun made his escape, but was arrested a few hours later. At the February Criminal Sessions Wong Shu Lun was found guilty of shooting with intent to do grievous bodily harm and of possession of arms, and was sentenced to 14 years imprison- ment with hard labour.

Armed robbery:—

44. At about 19.10 hours on the 6th December, 1938, motor-bus No. 744 of the Kowloon Motor Bus Company, was proceeding on its routine run from Sheung Shui to Un Long. Near Chung Pak Long village two Chinese males boarded the bus. Suddenly one of them produced a revolver, following which the other snatched the conductor's canvas bag containing $65.10 Hong Kong currency. The men then made good their escape. Police enquiries are continu- ing in this case.

CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION BRANCH.

45. Summary of crime:-The total number of cases (except summonses) dealt with by the police during 1938 was 60,943 as against 55,722 in 1937 being an increase of 5,221 or 9.3%.

46. There were 11,388 serious crimes in 1938 as against 12,434 in 1937, a decrease of 1,046 or 8.4%. There were decreases in the following :-

Coinage Deportation

13

177

House & godown breaking

16

Kidnapping

3

Larceny

830

Larceny on ship

3

Manslaughter

9

Obtaining by false pretences

48

Receiving

126

Women & Girls Ordinance

2

11

Other serious offences

Increases :-

Arms

13

Assault (serious)

31

Assault with intent to rob

2

Burglary

Embezzlement

50

2

Larceny in dwelling

Murder

Robbery

77

5

12

K 8

47.

There were 116 cases of robbery distributed as follows:-

Hong Kong Island

36

Kowloon

44

New Territories South

1

North

35

""

دو

48. The following tables indicates the number of serious crimes for the whole Colony, 1933-1938.

Year

Charge

No charge

Total

Property Property

cases

cases

cases

stolen

recovered

1933

3,377

2,253

5,630

$764,492

$ 67,469

1934

3,480

2,069

5,549

363,436

50,551

1935

4,322

2,051

6,373

576,203

42,704

1936

6,234

2,804

9,038

303,497

69,739

1937

8,169

4,265

12,434

531,190

115,829

1938

7,002

4,386

11,388

543,545

119,400

49. The following table indicates the number of crimes classified as outrages, which have been reported to the police during the last 5 years :—

Year Hong Kong Kowloon

N.T.S.

N.T.N.

Total

1934

28

43

4

20

95

1935

27

37

4

34

102

1936

27

40

6

16

89

1937

43

55

4

29

131

1938

40

54

1

44

139

330

20

20

10

GRAPH SHOWING OUTRAGES FOR 1936-7-8.

- K 9

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sep.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

∙1936 Total cases for year 89

1937

131

99

-1938

139

K 10

51. There were 49,555 minor cases in 1938 as against 43,288 in 1937, an increase of 6,267 or 14%.

PROPERTY REPORTED STOLEN & PROPERTY RECOVERED.

52. The estimated value of property stolen during the year 1938 was $543,545 as against $531,190, an increase of $12,355 or 2.3%. The average for the last 5 years is $463,574.

53. The value of property recovered during the year was $119,400 or 21% of the property stolen as against $115,829 or 21% of the property stolen in 1937.

LOST PROPERTY.

54. A summary of the number of articles lost or recovered during the year with their value is given below :

Year

Articles reported

· Value

lost

Articles recovered or found but not reported lost

Value of articles found

1937

516

$45,959

78

1938

760

71,965

$942

100

$5,630

ARMS.

55. There were 53 seizures of arms during the year, of which 44 were "Charge" cases and 9 were "No charge" cases. The figures for 1937 were 40, 26 and 14 respectively.

56. There were no seizures of note during the year. Table VI gives details of arms and ammunition seized.

GAMBLING.

57. There were 119 successful raids as against 161 in 1937. Convictions were obtained in every case.

58. There were 161 successful lottery raids as against 19 in 1937. Convic- tions were obtained in all cases.

CRIMINAL SESSIONS CASES.

59. During the year there were 167 cases in which convictions were obtained at the criminal sessions as against 150 in 1937 and 114 in 1936.

DEPORTATION OFFICE.

60. Table IV gives the number of persons dealt with by the Deportation Office during the year. A general decrease of 1,616 is shown. This is in part due to deportees not being sent from Malaya owing to the Sino-Japanese conflict in South China.

MISSING CHILDREN.

61. During the year 299 children under the age of 15 years were reported missing. Of this number, 204 were found. Enquiries showed that most of them had strayed or run away from home.

:

- K 11

PIRACY.

62. There were no piracies of ships reported during the year.

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.

63. The following table shows weights & measures examined during the year 1938.

19 38

Weights & measures examined

Correct

Incorrect

Total

Foreign scales

Chinese scales

Yard measures

Chinese foot measures

Total

268

2

270

917

13

930

87

87

94

94

1,366

15

1,381

64. The following prosecutions were instituted under the Weights and Measures Ordinance.

Number of Cases

15

Convictions

14

DANGEROUS GOODS.

Fines

$270.00

65 The following prosecutions were instituted under the Dangerous Goods Ordinance during 1938.

Number of Cases

58

Convictions

56

SPECIAL BRANCH.

Fines

$4,380.00

66. Communist activity in the Colony during the year did not manifest itself ia an anti-British form and was directed almost entirely to the spread of anti-Japanese propaganda and to the support of the war against Japan. Press publicity given to the activities of the Chinese Communist Party & of the Communist 8th Route Army led to a number of local Chinese leaving the Colony to undertake anti-Japanese propaganda in different parts of China.)

stone

67. A certain number of minor anti-Japanese incidents, such as throwing, incitements to boycott Japanese goods and posting up of slogans occurred during the year, but no serious demonstrations or disturbances took place.

K 12

68. A number of new guilds and associations were formed during the year by various labour groups. This movement appears to have been brought about by patriotic Chinese wishing to subscribe in the name of their respective guilds to the different organizations collecting money for war relief purposes.

IMMIGRATION & PASSPORT OFFICE.

69. During the year there were 119 persons of various nationalities other than Chinese, put before the courts for the following offences:—

Passports (including 2 cases of possession of false passports). 61

Stowaways

Vagrants

4

39

70. On 2nd June, 1938, the Special Branch of the Police Department, took over the issuing of passports and visas from the Colonial Secretariat which had previously been responsible for this work.

REGISTRATION OF PERSONS OFFICE.

71. During the year, 6,512 persons registered; 6,734 registered persons left the Colony; 51 aliens became British subjects by naturalization. There were 72 convictions for breaches of the Registration of Persons Ordinance, No. 3 of 1934. On 31st December there were 5,182 registered aliens in the Colony.

72.

FINGER-PRINT DEPARTMENT.

A summary of work carried out in the Finger-Print Bureau is as follows:-

No. of slips searched.

No. of persons identified.

No. of slips

No. of new

filed.

records.

1937

23,906

6,964

19,922

12,558

1938

24,747

6,848

19,080

11,922

73. During the year 583 persons were dealt with under the Deportation Ordinance, No. 3 of 1934. Of these 352 were arrested as suspected deportces. The remainder were arrested for other offences. Of the total number, 40 were tried at criminal sessions. At the end of 1937 the number of records on file in the bureau totalled 162,347; at the end of 1938, 174,169. During the year, there were 763 criminal record files created, bringing the total now in the bureau up to 1,677.

PHOTOGRAPHIC SUB-DEPARTMENT.

74. A summary of work carried out in this department during 1938 is as follows:

75. The total number of photographs taken of scenes of crime, accidents etc., was 53.

76. The number of copies of photographs issued was 5,354 made up as follows:-

For Criminal Investigation Department

For Court

For other departments

2,410

530

2,414

་་

K 13

NEW TERRITORIES 1938.

77. There were 44 cases of outrage in 1938 as against 35 cases in 1937.

Crime.

No charge

Charge

Total.

cases.

cases.

7

1

00

8

Murder

Manslaughter

Armed robbery

1

1

7

1

8

Attempted armed robbery

1

1

Armed highway robbery

4

4

Attempted armed highway robbery

1

1

Unarmed robbery

2

6

8

Armed robbery on boats ....

6

5

11

Attempted armed robbery on boat

1

1

Attempted unarmed highway robbery..

1

1

Total

27

17

44

78. Other crime in New Territories in 1938.

Rape

1

Wounding with intent

Kidnapping

4

1

Forged banknotes cases

2

Receiving property stolen outside the Colony

Number of banishees charged and convicted

2

31

Number of larcenies reported

207

Value of property stolen

$12,672.06

Value of property recovered

$8,337.39

Number of cases dealing with arms.

19

Number of persons convicted

26

Rifles seized

ос

8

Revolvers seized

Shot guns

17

1

Number of persons convicted for larcenies.

181

K 14

79. Outrage cases by districts were as follows:-

Sai Kung

Sha Tin

Tai Po

Sha Tau Kok

4

Sheung Shui

6

2

Lok Ma Chau

2

4

Au Tau

5

6

Ping Shan

15

.

80. On October 20th an attempt by four armed men to hold up the Lin Ma Hang mine lorry with $9,000.00 on board failed. Shots were exchanged

by the robbers and guards, resulting in one Indian guard and one robber being wounded. Two other robbers were found hidden in the undergrowth near the scene. The three robbers were each sentenced to 10 years hard labour.

81. A number of armed and unarmed robberies took place in Sheung Shui, Tai Po and Sha Tau Kok on nunneries. Three men were on September 2nd arrested in connection with these nunnery robberies and on September 19th at the Supreme Court were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment.

82. On the 22nd December two armed robbers held up a bus proceeding from Fanling to Un Long and robbed the conductor of $65.00.

83. On December 22nd an armed robbery and murder took place at a refugee shed at Muk Fu. A Chinese male refugee was shot and $280.00 in Canton notes was stolen. The robbers made their escape to Chinese territory.

84. On April 14th jewellery to the value of $7,275.00 was stolen from Dodwell's Bungalow. One man was subsequently arrested, charged and convicted. Jewellery to the value of $6,875.00 was recovered from a hole in the hillside.

85, Good relations were maintained during the year with neighbouring Chinese officials, and visits exchanged.

86. On 26th November the Japanese captured Shum Chun and on the 27th November proceeded to Nam Tau. They returned to Shum Chun again on Monday the 28th November after completing their objective. Further details are given in a separate report.

87. Thirty one banishees were arrested and charged in the New Territories north during the year.

88. During the year there were 19 cases of possession of arms and ammunition, 8 rifles and 17 revolvers were seized, 26 Chinese males were convicted.

89. There was a marked decrease in the number of larcenies during the year, 207 cases were reported involving the loss in property valued at $12,672.06 of which $8,337.39 was recovered. 181 convictions were obtained. The detectives have worked very satisfactorily.

year.

90. There was a further marked increase of sickness among police during the

91. Cases rose from 403 in 1937 to 545 in 1938 of which 260 cases were of fever as against 207 cases in 1937. The highest figure for sickness occurred at the following stations; Sha Tau Kok, 68, Ta Ku Ling, 78, Lok Ma Chau, 43.

CENSORSHIP OF CINEMATOGRAPH FILMS.

92. During the year, 5,005 reels and 261 trailers were censored at the Hong Kong Censor Studio. Twenty-seven reels were submitted to the appeal board.

*

Total

:

year 1938.

Nationality.

K 15-

ESTABLISHMENT RETURN.

93. Return showing the establishment and casualties in the Force during the

Establishment of

the Force.

Enlistments.

Deaths.

Resignations

through

sickness

through expiry of terms of service

Resignations

or otherwise.

Desertions.

Dismissals or

Europeans

257

18

2

3

6

3

17

Indians

818

11

10

5

25

14

2

46

Chinese

1,060.

101

11

6

6

35

61

Water Police

255

15

2

a

13

Total

2,390

145

18

36

35

48

137

Commissioner of

Police and Deputy Commissioner of Police.

Superintendents.

superintendents.

Assistant

Probationers.

94. This number includes the police employed by other departments, also the engineers, coxswains, stokers and seamen, but it is exclusive of :-

Accountants.

Assistant

accountants.

Storekeepers.

Police Secretary.

Stenographers.

Clerks, shroffs.

Telephone clerks.

Interpreters.

Messengers and

coolies.

2

3

7

4

1

2

2.

1

3

37

8

81

95. Actual strength on the 31st December, 1938.

Europeans.

Indians.

Chinese.

Total.

Present

230

658

1,068

1,956

Sick or absent on leave ..

38

110

6

154

Excess over estimates

11

14

25

Vacancies

50

50

268

768

1,074

2,110*

*Not including Water Police.

154

Total number

of Casualties.

- K 16

CONDUCT.

96. The conduct of the European contingent was good. The total number of reports against them was 35 as against 62 in 1937.

97. The conduct of the Indian contingent showed a further improvement. There were 355 reports as against 400 in 1937.

98. The conduct of the Chinese contingent (Cantonese) was satisfactory. There were 739 reports as against 871 in 1937.

99. The conduct of the Chinese contingent (Wei Hai Wei) was satisfactory. There were 119 reports as against 122 in 1937.

100. The conduct of the Water Police was satisfactory. There were 224 reports in 1938 compared with 236 in 1937.

101.

HEALTH.

#

Admissions to hospitals during the past three years are as follows:--

1936

1937

1938

Nationality.

sion.

Establish- Admis- Establish- Admis- Establish-

ment.

Admis-

ment.

sion.

ment.

sion.

Europeans

265

221

267

185

257

170

Indians

803

746

817

795

818

643

Chinese

1,014

389

1,029

273

1,060

207

102. The figures for fever among police in the New Territories during the last four years are:-

1935

1936

1937

1938

MUSKETRY COURSES.

105 cases.

183

""

246

320

""

Marksmen 75%, 1st

103. The following table gives the results of the musketry courses fired during the year. The following indicates the classification used. class 60%, 2nd class 50% and failures less then 50% of the total possible

obtainable.

Results.

Contingent.

Month.

No. of men fired.

Marksmen.

1st Class.

2nd Class.

Failed.

Rounds used (approx.)

Europeans

December 216

82

Indians

April

685

92 41

128326 205 26

1

7,500

26,000

Weihaiwei

May

268

46 111 87 14

9,000

Indian Guards

April

64

14 35 12

3

2,200

..

K 17

104. The following were the winners of the rifle and revolver championships

for the year 1938.

European rifle championship

Indian

Weihaiwei

""

""

European revolver

Indian

""

H.

""

"

""

A.P.S. A210 Perkins.

L.S.B. 573 Gurbash Singh. .P.C.D. 71 Wang Chen Hai. .A.P.S. A210 Perkins.

.Cpl. B. 594 Magma Singh.

Chinese &W.H.W. revolver champ. ....P.C.D. 54 Tsao Teh Yuan.

GREENER GUN COURSES.

Greener gun courses were held during the year with the following results.

105.

Department.

Month.

No. of men fired.

Results.

Rounds used.

Passed. Failed.

Chinese Water Police. May

Police Watchmen

65

65

Nil

325

312

292

20

624

Winchester rifle courses.

Chinese Water Police. March

Police Watchmen

65

65

Nil

June

312

271

41

1,460

1,600

REVOLVER Courses.

106. The following revolver courses were fired during the year.

No. of

Results.

Contingent.

Month.

Rounds used

persons

fired.

Passed. Failed.

(approx.)

May

219 includ.

219

Nil

6,000

10 supts.

Europeans

November 217 includ.

217

Nil

5,500

9 supts.

December

31

31

Nil

775

June

41

40

1

1,000

Russians

October

39

38

1

950

June

687

687

Indians

October

671

671

November

79

79

June

59

59

Indian Guards

October

67

67

November 16

16

February 684

684

Cantonese

August

695

695

November 151

150

March

272

272

Weihaiwei

August

272

272

November

12

12

April

60

60

3 322 33 333 333

Nil

17,500

17,200

Nil

2,000

1,600

Nil

1,800

500

Nil

17,100

Nil

17,400

1

2,500

Nil

6,800

Nil

6,800

Nil

350

Nil

1,500

Water Police

September 63

60

3

1,500

November

25

25

Nil

650

NOTE.-The 3rd course was fired by contingents who failed to reach a certain standard in the first and second courses, approximately 75%.

K 18

REVOLVER COURSES (OTHER DEPARTMENTS.)

107. The following courses were fired during the year.

Results.

Department.

Month.

No. of men fired.

Rounds used.

Passed. Failed.

District watchmen

November

132

127

5

3,500

European revenue

officers

December

13

13

350

European officers

Fire Brigade

9

9

250

وو

BISLEY MEETING.

108. Members of the Police Force entered in several team and individual events at the Bisley Meeting held in April 1938.

109. Results were very successful, police winning altogether six silver cups, forty silver and bronze medals and thirty-six cash prizes.

110. The Individual Revolver Championship was again won by Sergeant Perkins.

POLICE TRAINING SCHOOL.

111. During the year the following numbers of recruits were passed out of the school:-

European police

Prob. Chinese sub-inspectors

Indian police

Cantonese police

Wei-hai-wei police

Russian police

Seamen

District watchmen

Seven promotion examinations were held in 1938.

11

10

63

73

26

1

6

6

112. Special training was given to twenty-eight Chinese probationary de- tectives. One hundred and eighty-five "D" contingent Anti-Piracy Guards were given a "Refresher Course". Seventy-eight Indian and Chinese members of the Police Reserve were trained in knowledge of police duties and forty-three passed. The remaining thirty-five continue the course in 1939.

K 19

FIRST AID.

113. The following table shows the number of men in the various con- tingents who obtained First Aid certificates during the past five years:-

Europeans

Indians

Chinese

Weihaiwei

Total

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

Total

62

44

42

49

6

203

187

123

132

113

139

694

182

135

41

102

116

576

29

60

65

20

50

224

460

362

280

284

311

1,697

114. Total number of men in each contingent in possession of First Aid certificates on 31.12.38:

Europeans-247-of whom 3 hold three certificates and 197 hold two

certificates.

Indians—760—of whom 1 holds four certificates, 2 hold three certificates and

491 hold two certificates.

Cantonese-728-of whom 374 hold two certificates.

Weihaiwei-294-of whom 132 hold two certificates.

AIR RAID PRECAUTIONS.

115. The following shows the total number of men who were trained and qualified in air raid precautions from September 1938 to the end of the year :-

Europeans

Indians

Chinese *

Russians

Teaching staff, P.T.S.

* Includes the "C" and "D" contingents only.

Total strength.

Qualified

in 1938.

Not yet qualified.

268

43

225

811

214

597

1,093

260

833

39

39

4

3

1

116. The candidates for the first course from 6th to 27th September 1938, consisted of the Police Training School staff and nine Chinese probationary sub-inspectors. On the conclusion of the lectures and examination, Mr. Dou Lun (teacher, Police Training School), probationary sub-inspectors Cheng Ka Cheung and Wong Wing Yin, sergeant instructor Gurdit Singh, police constable B562 Fazal Shah were appointed assistant air raid precaution instructors.

117. The Europeans underwent a full course as laid down in Air Raid Precautions Memorandum No. 5, Appendix "D", which consisted of sixteen lectures of one hour and fifteen minutes duration each. On the conclusion of the lectures the candidates underwent a written examination set out by the Air Raid Precautions Officer,

118. The Indians and Chinese underwent a modified full course consisting of twelve lectures each of 11 hours duration. On the conclusion of the lectures the candidates were examined verbally by Mr. Chak Tai Kwong of the Air Raid Precautions Officer's staff.

Nationality.

- K 20

LIFE SAVING CLASSES.

119. Instructional classes in life saving were held during the summer with very satisfactory results, thirty-nine police officers gaining awards.

120. The Commodore again kindly granted facilities for practices and tests to be held off Stonecutters island.

RESULTS.

Contingents.

Certificate and Bronze Medallion.

Instructors Certificate.

Award of Merit.

Europeans

6

1

Indians

16

1

1

Cantonese

11

Wei Hai Wei ...

3

Total....

36

2

1

Establishment.

GUARDS OFFICE.

121. Return showing the establishment and casualties during the year 1938 :-

Enlistments.

Deaths.

Resignations.

Russian guards

42*

1

1

2

1

4

39

Indian special guards

74

9

1

7

2

1

11

71

Chinese (W.H.W.) guards

144

1

144

Indian police watchmen

+

124

1

91

10

107

460

Chinese police watchmen

110

3

23

4

36

211

Total

244

6

106

36

10

158 925

Includes five attached to C.I.D., S.B.

No fixed establishment, recruited as required.

122. Anti-piracy work:-Twenty-eight units of anti-piracy guards of one European sergeant and nine Indian special guards were supplied to the British India Steam Navigation Company and twelve units to the Indo China Steam Navigation Company, on the Hong Kong Singapore run.

123. The Canadian Pacific Steamship Company having given notice of their intention to dispense with the services of anti-piracy guards for their ships on the Hong Kong-Shanghai run as from the 1st January, 1939, the strength of this guard was gradually reduced during the year as alternative employment offered for members of the Russian contingent. The following guards were supplied during the year :---

Eight units of 1 British sergeant and 12 Russian guards. Three units of 1 British sergeant and 9 Russian guards. One unit of 1 British sergeant and 8 Russian guards. One unit of 1 British sergeant and 7 Russian guards. Five units of 1 British sergeant and 6 Russian guards.

Dismissals.

Invalided.

Total casualties.

Strength on 31.12.38.

1

- K 21

124. The China Navigation Company retained permanent guards of one Russian sergeant and six W.H.W. guards on 18 vessels between Shanghai, Hong Kong and Singapore. Two additional units are maintained as reliefs.

125. The Indo China Steam Navigation Company retained permanent guards consisting of one Russian sergeant and four W.H.W. men on each of four vessels running between Hong Kong and north China and were supplied with two extra sets of guards during October, 1938 for additional ships on the same run.

126. Conduct. The following table shows the number of men dealt with as defaulters in the various contingents during 1937-1938.

Russian

Special guards

Wei Hai Wei

Police watchmen

1937.

1938.

9

1

11

16

28

76

387

406

127. The conduct of the Russian contingent was good, while that of other contingents was fair.

MENDICANTS DURING THE YEAR OF 1938.

128. During the year 1938 a total of 2,529 mendicants were dealt with by the Deportation Office and repatriated at a cost of were charged and convicted before the courts. as follows:-

Swatow Amoy Hoihow

Shanghai

Canton

$2,031.95. Of this number 715 The mendicants were sent away

Kongmun

Macao

Nam Tau

Wuchau

Shum Chun

Waichau City Cheung Mok Tau Shek Lung Sham Shui

Shiu Hing Canton (train) Kwong Chau Wan

Yuen Long (B.T.)

Total

33

2

2

1

1,433

405

420

2

29

123

3

2

1

22

39

10

1

1

2,529

129. Of the total number sent away 88 were traced as having been sent away previously.

130. In addition to above, 74 persistent beggars were banished from the Colony for 10 years.

. K 22

DEAD BODIES.

131. The following table shows the number of unknown dead bodies found by police in the streets and elsewhere during the last five years :-

Victoria

Kowloon

Harbour

Elsewhere

Locality.

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

289

214

270

327

1,277

679

708

690

856

1,340

27

52

46

69

114

61

64

85

101

260

Total

1,056

1,038

1,091

1,353

2,991

Sex.

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

Male

19

4

4

5

10

Adults.

Female

3

2

5

1

11

Unknown

1

1

Male

564

544

573

745

1.616

Children. Female

444

444

480

574

1,295

Unknown

26

44

28

28

58

Total

1,056 1,038 1,091 1,353

2,991

DOGS AND RABIES.

132. As a precaution against rabies, the muzzling order was rigidly enforced throughout the year. There was one case of rabies in Tai Po, New Territory.

1937

1938

Hong Kong & Kowloon

New Territory

Tolal

Hong Kong & Kowloon

New Territory

Total

Dogs licensed

2,709

417

3,126 2,731

338

3,069

Dogs licensed (free)

42

179

221

38

119

157

Dogs impounded

88

88

62

62

Dogs destroyed

83

233

316

55

95

150

LICENCES.

133. Table VII shows the number of different licences issued during the year.

K 23

TRAFFIC.

134. The following prosecutions were instituted under the Traffic Regulations (Section 3-Ordinance 40 of 1912):

Year Prosecutions | Convictions Withdrawn

Discharged

Remanded

Total amount of fines

1938......

1937..... 6,908

6,703

6,357

105

126

115

$29,381.90

6,474

237

125

72

$27,214.55

MANSLAUGHTER

1938......

2

1937.....

1

2

1

135.

1938. 1937.

Number of persons examined as motor drivers Number of persons passed as motor drivers

1,856

860

1,606

811

Total number of accidents reported

3,703 2,589

119

81

Number of persons killed

Number of public motor vehicles examined and passed 5,216 4,713

...

478 652

Number of public motor vehicles examined and rejected Number of commercial motor vehicles examined and passed. 7,787

Number of commercial motor vehicles examined and rejected 802 Number of motor drivers' licences suspended

Number of motor drivers' licences cancelled

7,698

1,395

43

71

2

3

POLICE MOTOR VEHICLES.

136.

The number of Police motor vehicles is as follows :---

Motor vans (including 2 motor dog vans)

12

Motor cars

4

Combinations (motor cycles).

9

Solo motor cycles

13

137. Table VIII gives a classification of vehicles accidents and their causes.

EMERGENCY UNITS.

138. The emergency units in Hong Kong and Kowloon were kept busy throughout the year.

139. Both units were frequently called upon for duty in connection with refugee work. The Hong Kong unit at times assisted police on the water-front in handling the large influx of passengers by river steamers. Two squads from the Kowloon unit were sent out temporarily on several occasions to reinforce police on the frontier. Squads from both units were at times employed in control of

- K 24

refugee camps. Throughout the year the Hong Kong unit carried out duty in controlling the gaol clearing station and providing guards and escorts for prisoners to and from Hong Kong prison at Stanley.)

140. Men from the Hong Kong unit were also employed as escorts for deportees and mendicants when sent away from the Colony.

141. The calls and fees for the Hong Kong unit show a decrease from the previous year. The Calls were much the same as in 1937 for the Kowloon unit, but fees were much increased by the fact that strikes at the Chung Hwa Book Company caused a large demand for police services by the management, in order to safeguard their property.

142.

Year.

Calls. Fees collected.

Hong Kong unit

1937

139

$4,059.50

Hong Kong unit

1938

109

$3,142.50

Kowloon unit

1937

141

$3,494.50

Kowloon unit

1938

139

$6,233.50

MEDALS.

143. His Excellency the Governor was pleased to award medals and commen- dations to members of the Force for long or meritorious services as under :--

Colonial Police Long Service Medal

Colonial Police Long Service Medal:—

1st Bar

2nd Bar

Hong Kong Police Silver Medal

His Excellency The Governor's commendation

Hong Kong, 17th March, 1939.

44

6

1

2

LO

5

T. H. KING,

Commissioner of Police.

}

- K 25

Table I.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE 1937 AND 1938.

Personal emoluments*

Other Charges.

1937.

1938.

$ 2,577,894

$ 2,660,128

Ammunition

Upkeep of arms

Bedding

14,349

17.205

2,878

3,321

4,926

5.006

Burial of destitute dead

Cleansing materials and washing

Clothing and accoutrements

Coal and gas

Conveyance allowances

364

288

207

243

80,775

94,188

32,506

48,443

10,375

10,551

Coolie hire

2,409

2,073

Disinfectants

1,759

2.030

Expenses of anti-piracy guards

21,353

19,760

Emergency expenses arising from the Sino-Japanese conflict

21,386

Grants to villages in N.T. in aid of village scout scheme

480

480

Indentification of criminals

196

344

Incidental expenses

6,500

6,477

Interpretation fees

146

98

Light and electric fans

33,595

36.974

Medals

635

515

Mess utensils

462

520

Passages

130,399

170,200

Petrol oil, etc. for police cars and cycles

8,581

10,012

Photography

3,695

4,387

Rations for Indian police

61,730

55,474

Remand home for juvenile offenders

4,811

7,479

Rent of stations and married police quarters

24,879

24,984

Repairs to police motor cars and cycles

7.008

6,435

•Rewards

4,090

1,730

Secret service

14,014

15.895

Small stores

7.357

9,392

Special course of instruction

318

1,633

Subsistance of prisoners

6,447

6,098

Telegrams and long distance telephone calls

503

583

Telephones

698

776

Transport

11,061

10,312

Total other charges

499,506

$

595,292

Special expenditure.

Safety First campaign

Police telephone pillar

Typewriters

25 38 short revolvers

100 38 short revolvers

Motor vehicles

Motor transport New Territories

Police van

20 .303 rifles & bayonets

35 303 rifles & bayonets

Anti gas equipment

Thornton Pickard detective camera

"Copechat" card index system

Six steel filing cabinets

2 flare pistols

Fire extinguishers for police vehicles

Total special expenditure

Total Police Department

1.271

2,095

543

1,779

3,779

5,498

13,359

4,328

4,625

2,768

3.046

7,489

13,729

212

233

660

402

350

32,296 .$ 3,109,696

$

34,070

$ 3,289,490

* Includes officers of S.C. & A. & J.C. services.

K 26

Table II.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF REVENUE 1937 AND 1938.

HEAD OF REVENUE COLLECTED BY POLICE DEPARTMENT.

Duties.

Motor spirit

1937.

7,496

1938.

Ꭿ

$5

7,833

Licences and Internal Revenue.

Arms licences

23,460

26,910

Auctioneers licences

1,350

1,225

Billiard table licences.

1,300

1,400

Dangerous goods licences

20,325

20,431

*Dance halls

3,840

Dogs licences

22,710

22,224

Forfeitures

2,785

3,134

Game licences

4,625

5,650

Liquor licences, N.T.

4,300

3,625

Marine store dealers' licences.

10,080

9,360

Miscellaneous licences

8,215

13

Money changers' licences

15,730

15,530

Pawnbroker licences

159,875

150,975

*Printing press

3,430

Theatrical licences

5,398

1,809

Vehicles, motor licences

280,934

340,370

Vehicles, motor drivers licences

49,080

64,100

Vehicles, other licences

61,313

41,442

Vehicles, other drivers licences

2,352

2,486

Vehicles, motor special licensing fee,--foreign

registration

58,989

94,909

Fees of Court or Office, &c.

Blake pier tickets

137

478.

Contributions for anti-piracy escorts

128,710

129,475

Film censoring fees

5,504

5,217

Msicellaneous fees

8,985

1,228

Motor ambulance fees

10,700

11,868

*Motor driving tests

8,130

Official signature fees

9,370

12,935

†Passport

36,416

Police and other stores

1,147

1,513

Police services

17,237

17,987

Sick stoppages from police force

4,694

5,415

*Traffic permits

9,779

Watchmen's Ordinance

12,480

15,366

Miscellaneous receipts:

Condemned stores, &c.

2,880

5,318

Other miscellaneous receipts

2,347

4,522

Overpayments in previous years

849

2,083

$

945,357

$ 1,088,426

*New Head.

Transferred from C. S. O.

K.27

Table III.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE AND REVENUE OF POLICE DEPARTMENT

FOR LAST TEN YEARS.

*Personal emoluments

Year.

and other charges.

Special expenditure.

Total expenditure.

Total

revenue.

$

CA

Ꭿ

$

1929....

2,027,717

57,247

2,084,964

463,148

1930....

2,714,291

38,404

2,752,695

487,169

1931....

2,950,698

13,921

2,964,619

613,883

1932.....

2,684,983

27,255

2,712,239

706,387

1933..

2,813,617

22,915

2,836,532

697,684

1934.....

2,776,379

31,670

2,808,049

903,258

1935.......

2,425,442

10,330

2,435,772

860,629

1936...

2,816,380

14,258

2,830,638

772,734

1937...

3,077,400

32,296

3,109,696

945,357

1938....

3,255,420

34,070

3,289,490

1,088,426

* Includes officers of S.C. & A., & J.C., services attached to Department.

Year.

Hong Kong

deportees.

Gaol discharges.

Singapore &

Sarawak

deportees.

Singapore vagrants.

N. I. undesirables.

Table IV.

PERSONS DEALT WITH BY DEPORTATION OFFICE.

1937

2,569 9,297 646

6

536

115

4

1938

2,535

8,666

426

2

459 124

3

3

Increase

Decrease

34

631

220

7

77

6

1

deportees.

Rangoon

Mauritius

deportees.

Sandakan

deportees.

Ocean Island

deportees.

labourers.

A. P. C.

2

65

4

69

}

Hong Kong mendicants.

Persons sent

away by order

of court.

Hong Kong police supervisees.

19th Route Army.

Ex-soldiers of

Persons sent away

under Emergency Regs.

Tungan refugees.

Chinese Undesirables

from U.S.A.

2,903

1,400 158

10

2,529

824 201

Į

159

86

12

43

159

86

374

576

Total number of persons dealt with for 1937

17,714

1938

77

""

""

16,098

Decrease......

1,616

1122

K 28

Serious offences.

Charged

cases.

Cases without

charge.

Total cases.

57

-300

Charged cases.

Cases without charge.

Total cases.

% charge

cases to total.

*

Table V.

YEARLY RETURN OF CRIME FOR THE WHOLE COLONY FOR THE YEAR OF 1938.

1937.

1938.

Persons convicted.

Persons discharged.

Value of

property

stolen.

Value of

property recovered.

Europeans.

Indians.

Arms

39

13

Assault (serious)

17

3-

52

65

87%

1

75

13

1

18

42

49

85%

1

44

Assault with intent to rob

5

5

7

7

100%

1

12

1

Burglary

106

155

261

113

Coinage offences

22

22

Deportation

742

742

565

་ྲཤྩ

198

311

36%

136

1

6

31,400.69

2,381.68

9

9 100%

13

1

565

100%

1

555

Embezzlement

18

32

50

24

28

52

46%

24

25,293.75

1,554.58

House & godown breaking

145

165

310

83

211

294

28%

94

6

22,978.90

3,908.34

Intimidation & extortion

3

3

5

5

100%

1

7

1

Kidnapping

11

11

8

8

100%

8

1

Larceny

6,197

3,330

9,527

5,418

3,279

8,697

62%

2

5,491

1

282

206,592.41

70,434.69

Larceny from dwelling house

64

350

414

63

428

491

12%

62

5 128,131.14

24,845.75

Larceny on ships & wharf ...

130

96

226

124

99

223

55%

1

Manslaughter

11

13

4

4

100%

NH

134

11

17,408.63

2,195.70

4

Murder

9

14

7

12

19

36%

CO

6

5

168.42

Murder, attempted

1

1

2

Obtaining by false pretences

140

34

174

102

24

126

80%

Receiving

366

366

240

240

100%

1

203

Robbery

40

57

97

43

66

109

39%

1

Women and girls

3

3

1

1

100%

Other serious offences

100

24

124

87

26

113

75%

38588

95

11

26,738.29

359.13

71

57

19

33,378.77

2,613.39

1

35

51,454.43

11,107.00

Total.

8,169

4,265 12,434 7,002

4,386 | 11,388

13

6 7,105

1

485

543,545.43 119,400.26

Chinese.

Europeans.

Indians.

Chinese.

K 29

€

$

Minor Offences.

Table V,-Continued.

YEARLY RETURN OF CRIME FOR THE WHOLE COLONY FOR THE YEAR OF 1938.

1937.

1938.

Persons convicted.

Persons discharged.

Value of

property

stolen.

Value of

property recovered.

¢

K 30

C.F.

4,265 12,434 8,169

7,002

4,386 11,388

13

Assault

563

568

674

674

Damage to property

43

43

27

27

00 -1

2

Dangerous goods

26

26

37

37

6 | 7,105

1,030

25

4.5

N

485

105

543,545.43

119,400.26

3

4

Drunkenness

26

26

14

14

6

1

Forestry offences

3,026

3,026

2,246

2,246

2,862

51

Gambling

292

292

296

296

3,354

24

Hawking offences

29,986

29,986

35,507

35,507

34,936

587

Lottery offences

71

71

193

193

262

21

Mendicants

1,062

1,062

1,436

1,436

1,466

53

Merchant Shipping Ordinance

534

534

524

524

1,151

28

Morphine

425

425

747

747

739

71

Nuisances

626

626

474

474

458

40

Opium

640

640

1,334

1,334

1,395

68

Revenue

972

972

799

799

836

54

Rogue and vagabond

321

321

222

222

209

34

Stowaways

29

29

31

31

65

b

Unlawful possession

504

504

300

300

282

Vagrants

33

33

29

29

19

10

Vehicle and traffic

2,209

2,209

2,461

2,461.

14

1

2,433

N

Women and girls

795

795

825

825

819

49

38

18

Other miscellaneous offences

1,105

1,105

1,379

1,379

93

7

1,465

1

73

Total.

43,288

43,288 | 49,555

49,555

156

20

53,838

5

2

1,328

Grand total.

51,457

4,265 55,722 56,557

4,386 60,943

169

26 60,443

8

1,813

543,545.43 119,400.26

Table VI.

ARMS AND AMMUNITION SEIZED AND CONFISCATED DURING 1938.

K 31

In store on 31.12.38.

Description of arms.

Arms seized.

Origin.

Ammunition

seized.

Origin.

Arms.

Ammunition.

1

Winchester rifles

1

American.

Unknown.

40

Unknown.

2

Rifles (various)

(Gingals)

Shot guns

German rifles Mauser pistols Auto pistols

2122

12

German.

7

German.

British.

Unknown.

163

Chinese.

207

Unknown.

Chinese.

15

Chinese.

Pellets 1,000

Unknown.

British.

Unknown.

2

39

British.

Unknown.

2

6

German.

American.

35

German.

~14

99 rds.

5

German.

2

Belgium.

1

Spanish.

Unknown.

65

Unknown.

Revolvers (various)

7

American.

237

American.

1

French.

23

French.

1

Belgium.

4

Belgium.

16

1

Spanish.

19

Unknown.

288

2

British.

17

Luger pistols

Thompson Guns (sub-machine)

Lewis Guns Savage

6

Air Guns

©1

Verey Light pistols

K 32

Table VII,

The following table shows the number of licences issued during the years

1937 and 1938:-

1937

1938.

Arms

1,446

1,491

Arms dealers

8

10

Auctioneers

2

2

Auctioneers (temporary)

6

1

Billiard tables and bowling alleys

4

5

Conductors

305

375

Dance halls

7

7

Dance halls (temporary)

5

2

Dangerous goods

1,419

1,411

Game

Marine stores

Massage establishments

Money changers

180

224

27

27

11

6

161

158

Motor cars (livery)

523

589

Motor cars (private)

3,463

3,891

Motor vans and lorries

706

716

Motor car international permits

5

22

Motor drivers (cars and cycles)

8,599

9,807

Motor drivers (international)

290

402

Motor cycles

233

212

Pawnbrokers

68

71

Places of public entertainment

80

86

Poisons

156

1

Printing presses

268

313

Private chairs

59

28

Private jinrickshas

278

268

Public chairs

250

190

Public jinrickshas

Tricycles

Trucks

965

900

1,129

1,345

16

17

Vehicle drivers and bearers

· 7,983

8,172

Table VIII.

CLASSIFIED TABLE OF CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS LEADING TO THE INJURY C

Pedal cycles.

Motor buses.

Private cars.

Public cars.

Motor lorries.

Tram cars.

Motor cycles,

Cause of accident.

Hong Kong

Kowl, & N.T, Hong Kong Kowl, & N,T,| Hong Kong Kowl, & N.T, Hong Kong

Kowl, & N.T, Hong Kong Kowl, & N.T, Hong Kong Kowl. & N.T,

Hong Kong Kowl, & N,

F. N.F.

F. N.F. F. N.F. F. N.F. F. N.F.

F.

N.F.

F. N.F. F. N.F.

F. N.F. F. N.F. F. N.F.

F. N.F.

F.

N.F.

F.

N.F

Walking or running in front of a moving vehicle..

2

22

1

9

9

111

1

57

1 43

I

5

2

55

1

19

6

2223242595

1

6

1

6

|

21

1

29

Leaving or boarding a moving vehicle

1 30

142

I

I

Stepping off footway

2

9

1

6

23

31

7

1

2

6

84

1

8

2

6

3

C

N

7

Passing behind a moving vehicle

1

་

1

17

4

5

Falling from a vehicle

2

1

2

10

Running across streets

5

20

9

29

4

95

1395

8

113

1 49

23

Playing games on streets

1

2

4

2

2

12

1

11

4

11

7

1

3

26

7

20

1

16

11

13

13

28

3

2

1

1

Passengers on vehicle injured in accident

6

9

16

3

2

11

4

17

7

2

Drivers of vehicle injured in accident

I

Ther

causes

(a)

1

Total accidents involving injuries.

11

87

19

1

19

Total accidents (fatal, invol- ving injury and without

injury)

479

1

!

12

1 12

(6)

(f)

2

1

1

198 15

273

10

1

1910

1,326

T

I

I

1

I

2

I

(g)

(c)

(h)

1

1

हुन

1

238

2 112

31

11

130

20

20

394

678

哦

80

I

(d) (e)

17 155

284

I

}

(a)

A motor bus mounted pavement injuring a Chinese male sitting there.

(b) Two Chinese males were injured as the result of 2 private cars colliding with a stool and a tree respectively.

(c) A motor lorry mounted pavement injuring a Chinese male sleeping there.

(d) A car-shed coolie was crushed and fatally injured between a tramcar and the end of an inspection pit in the Tramways garage. (e) A Chinese male was injured whilst caught between two passing tramcars.

Re other causes

(f)

(7)

Two Chinese males, when working on the roadway, were struck & injured by a private car and a bicycle.

(g) A taxicab ran into and injured a Chinese male sleeping on a road.

(h) A motor lorry ran into and fatally injured a Chinese male sitting on a road.

(k)

Two Chinese males were injured by a motor cycle and a bicycle mounting the footpath.

I

11

1

5

3 31

2

59

(i)

(j) (k)

Į

1

Į

2

1 39

99

38

3 30

3 72

4 127

298

II.

E INJURY OF PEDESTRIANS OR PASSENGERS IN VEHICLES.

I cycles.

Tricycles.

Rickshaws.

Hand trucks.

Kowl, & N,T, Hong Kong

Kqw]. &N.T, | Hong Kong

Kowl. & N.T. Hong Kong

Kowl. & N.T.

TOTALS.

Hong Kong, Kowloon & New Territories.

1937

H.K., K.

& N.T.

1936

H,K., K.

& N.T.

1935

H.K,, K.

& N.T.

1934

H.K., K.

& N.T.

1933

H.K., K.

& N.T.

A

F.

N.F.

F.

N.F.

F.

N.F.

F.

N.F.

F.

N.F.

N.F.

F.

A.

N.F.

Fatal

Non-Fatal

F.

N.F.

F.

N.F

F.

N.F.

F.

N.F.

N.F.

近

1

29

F

I

12

4

3

1

1

28

2

3

ܝܳܬ

2

59

(j) (k)

2

298

1

8

1

2

19

Į

2

2

4 127

25

13

31

1

4

87

57

1

* (16. 3) 1. 117 fatal accidents, 119 persons were killed.

† (1937) l. 77

81

""

""

""

11

""

26

447

16

259

7

110

1

46

13

37

40

461

. 18

5

87

172

2

10

2

*117

1,647

+77

1,117 75

1,100

69

1,160

55

949

60 860

3,703

2,589

2,483

2,428

1,867

1,796

- K 33 —

Nationality.

K 34

Annexe A.

REPORT OF THE WATER POLICE.

1. The following return shows the establishment and casualties of the Water Police during the year 1938-

Establishment.

Chinese

255

15

Enlistments.

Deaths.

Resignations

sickness.

through

through expiry of

terms of service or otherwise.

Resignation

Dismissals or.. desertions.

2

3

8

13

CONDUCT.

2. The conduct of the Chinese staff of the Water Police was satisfactory. There were 224 reports in 1938 as compared with 236 in 1937.

1938.

There were 135 men against whom no defaulter reports were made during

ACCIDENTS.

3. There were sixteen accidents involving Police launches during 1938, as compared with seventeen in 1937. Eight of these were trifling, damage being negligible. In seven cases it was found that Water Police officers were not to blame. As a result of enquiries held by the Harbour Master, two coxswains and two engineeers were dealt with departmentally.

CRUISING LAUNCHES.

4. During the year only Nos. 2 and 4 launches underwent annual overhaul. 5. Nos. 1 and 3 launches are to be overhauled early in 1939.

HARBOUR LAUNCHES.

6. Nos. 5, 6, 8, 9, and 14 launches have given efficient service throughout the year. No. 7 launch has been laid up since August, awaiting a new boiler, now being built. The searchlights on five of the harbour launches continue to give good service. No. 7 launch is not fitted with a searchlight.

7. Three beat launches and one general patrol launch were kept on service day and night throughout the year.

MOTOR BOATS.

8. No. 10 motor boat is ageing and a new diesel-engined motor boat is to replace her during 1939.

No. 12 motor boat performs very useful special harbour duty. No. 11 motor boat has performed valuable duties on Sham Chun River patrol.

and 16 are stationed at Sai Kung and Tai O respectively.

All motor boats are in good condition for the constant service required.

MUSKETRY.

Nos. 15

9. The first half yearly machine gun course was fired on the four cruising. launches with very fair results. The second half yearly course is to be fired early in 1939. The 3 pounder guns crew of all cruising launches fired one 3 pounder course with good results. Greener guns and Winchester rifles are supplied to cruising launches. The crews were trained regularly in the use of these arms and fired an annual course in both with good results.

10. The department is again indebted to the courtesy of the naval authorities for assistance in maintenance, supervision and practice with 3 pounder guns.

Total number of casualtics.

K 35

Annexe B.

HONG KONG POLICE RESERVE (1938).

1. The organisation of the Hong Kong Police Reserve has remained unchanged

during the year.

2. Strength of the Force is 290, an increase of 63 over that of last year. Details by units are shown below with the comparative figures for the preceding years:--

Chinese Company

Indian Company

Flying Squad

Emergency Unit

1936.

1937.

1938.

76.

85

129

72

75

92

28

33

34

28

34

35

204

227

290

3.

Commendations. The undernoted members were specially commended by the Commissioner of Police for zeal and alertness, resulting in convictions during the year:

Acting Sub-Insp.

A. W. Mooney.

Acting L. S. 253

P.C.R. 41

P.C.R. 289

P.C.R. 243

Mohamed Ahsen.

Yung Sin Chung.

Mohamed Yusaf Khan.

Abdul Ghami Khan.

4. The Riot van was in use throughout the year in connection with the training of the Emergency Unit and of the Chinese Company. When not needed for these duties it was on loan to the regular police.

5. Training was carried out in accordance with courses based on those of the regular Police Force.

6. Air Raid Precautions.-Responding to an invitation from the A.R.P.O. the Emergency Unit undertook a course of A.R.P. training with a view to forming the nucleus of a proposed instructional staff. Sub-Inspector R.P. Dunlop himself highly qualified in this particular direction-took charge of the course. The result of his effort has been most satisfactory and has earned the warm appreciation of the A.R.P.O. The undernoted have qualified by examination in the grades mentioned and are giving instruction to classes throughout the Colony :---

St. John Ambulance A.R.P. Grade I Instructors.

D.S.P. (R) Mr. C. Champkin.

P.S. (R) 428

P.S. (R) 431 P.S. (R) 423

L.S. (R) 408 P.C. (R) 404

J. A. Bendall.

G. Frost.

B. W. Simmons.

G. J. Grover. M. A. DeSouza.

P.C. (R) 416

A. Howard.

Air Raid Warden Instructors.

D.S.P. (R) P.S. (R) 428

P.S. (R) 431 P.C. (R) 416

Air Raid Wardens.

L.S. (R) 408

Mr. C. Champkin.

J. A. Bendall.

G. Frost. A. Howard.

G. J. Grover.

- K 36

7. Emergency Unit training courses in air raid precautions are open to the public. From an original attendance of fifteen the Emergency Unit class has grown to an attendance of over one hundred. A gratifying number of the public have qualified as instructors or wardens and are doing good work in other centres. Sub-Inspector R. P. Dunlop is still in charge of this branch of the Emergency Unit and the effect of his training is increasingly apparent in the growing strength of the air raid precautions organization.

8. Voluntary Duties Performed.-All units of the Police Reserve have turned out on the usual ceremonial occasions as auxiliaries to the regular police on street and traffic duties.

9. Active Service.-The Police Reserve was called out by proclamation on 15th October, 1938 and from that date onward have supplemented the regular police at all stations in Hong Kong and Kowloon from 18.00 hours till midnight daily. The average number of all ranks on active duty daily was 121 men. Their cheerful and efficient service in carrying on patrols and beat duties in place of regular police transferred to other places for duty, reflects credit on the discipline of the Force and on the officers and subordinate officers responsible for its training.

Annexe C.

REPORT ON THE STREET BOYS' CLUB, 1938.

The Street Boys' Club was finally closed down on July 25th. as, with the establishment of the Remand Home and the Aberdeen Industrial School, it had outlived its usefulness. The few members had employment and showed no appre- ciation of the facilities of the club.

K 37

Annexe D.

REMAND HOME FOR JUVENILE OFFENDERS (BOYs).

1. During the year 1,109 boys were sent into the Remand Home for the offences enumerated below:-

Offences.

Hawking (unlicensed) and obstruction

Larceny

Tobacco

Opium

Begging

Arrested.

Sentenced

to

Detention.

518

35

371

129

10

2

5

2

30

13

Unlawful possession

Traffic offences

Forestry

20

9

13

1

25

7

Receiving stolen property

11

4

Assault

22

2

Damage to property

Heroin pills

5

AA

Enquiries

35

Destitute or wandering

10

3

Gambling

8

1

Loitering

3

Dumping rubbish

2

Wine

1

Burglary

3

2

Throwing stones

1

Disorderly conduct

2

1

Stowaways

3

3

Robbery

1

Wounding

1

Placing stones on railway

Suspected person

Demanding money with menaces

Unlawful collectors

1

1

1

2

Unlawful boarding

Refugees

2

1

Obstructing the police

1

1

Total

1,109

218

K 38

2. Of the 1,109 boys, 20 were dealt with as adults. Boys were remanded back 733 times by the police magistrates, for enquiries by the probation officers. There was no attempt at escape from the Home. One boy escaped from police custody while being escorted to the Home but was later re-arrested. 22 boys were admitted to the Queen Mary hospital, mostly for fever. 85 boys were treated in the Home for scabies. 726 were vaccinated. 420 were inoculated against cholera. Cases of minor injury and sickness were treated in the Home. Visits by the doctor were made once a week, and at other times if required. The general conduct of the boys was good. During the year 14 boys were sent to the Aberdeen Industrial School and 3 boys to Tai Po Rural Orphanage. 14 boys were sent to the China

Youth Society.

3. Mr. Cheung Lo Kau, C.Y.M.C.A. gave lectures to the boys once a week, but there is now no representative of the C.Y.M.C.A. to carry on these lectures. The two probation officers also gave lectures.

4. 106 boys were instructed in rattan work during the year.

5. Various Government officers and members of the Society for the Protection of Children visited the Home during the year.

6.

13 boys were serving a second sentence for larceny offences.

2 boys were serving a third sentence for larceny offences. 1 boy served a second sentence for begging. The detentions have been running very high throughout the year, this was owing to the number of juveniles convicted for larceny from the person, and receiving 6 month sentences. A number of these, especially the ear-rings-snatchers were recommended for banishment, as undesirables.

06.00 hours.

06.30 - 07.30 hours.

08.10 09.10 hours.

09.10 11.30 hours.

11.30 hours.

11.30 12.10 hours.

12.10 - 13.10 hours.

13.10 16.10 hours.

Full

From 16.10 to dark.

Daily routine.

Rise.

Drill.

Morning meal and school.

Rattan work. Cleaning building and school.

Congee.

Recreation.

School.

Drill, school, rattan work.

Recreation.

K 39

Annexe E.

REMAND HOME FOR JUVENILE OFFENDERS (GIRLS).

1938.

(1) 311 girl juvenile offenders were admitted to the Home during the year for

the following offences:-

Hawking Mendicancy

In possession of opium & heroin pills

In possession of dutiable tobacco

In possession of dangerous Drugs

Breach of forestry regulations

Larceny

Destitute and wandering

Enquiries

Breach of Emergency Regulations

Receiving stolen money

Removing pig wash during prohibited hours

Trespassing

Road obstruction

Dredging harbour

Kidnapped

Keeping a gaming house

Assault

Committing a nuisance

Unauthorized charitable collector

In possession of po piu lottery tickets

Soliciting for immoral purposes

Breach of Juvenile Offenders Ordinance 1932

Total......

159

13

12

5

1

17

15

10

42

9

3

1

2

1

1

1

1

4

2

1

1

1

9

311

(2) Of this number 9 were dealt with as adults, 19 were transferred to the Salvation Army Home, and 71 were ordered detention by the magistrate for the following offences :-

Hawking

Mendicancy

In possession of opium & heroin pills

In possession of dutiable tobacco

Breach of Forestry Regulations

Larceny

Destitute and wandering

Enquiries

Breach of Emergency Regulations

Receiving stolen money

Keeping a gaming house

In possession of po piu lottery tickets

Breach of Juvenile Offenders Ordinance 1932

12

7

10

4

3

11

1

4

8

1

1

1

8

Total.......

71

(3) Eight girls have attended the V.D. clinic for daily treatment.

have necessarily been isolated.

These cases

Scabies and numerous other minor complaints were treated in the Home.

The medical officer visited the Home when needed.

The health of the girls was generally good.

Appendix K (1).

REPORT OF THE CHIEF OFFICER, HONG KONG FIRE BRIGADE

FOR THE YEAR 1938.

EXPENDITURE AND REVENUE.

The expenditure of the Fire Brigade for the year 1938 was $400,269.05 (£24,599. 17s. 4d.) including special expenditure amounting to $105,647.86 (£0,492, 18s. 10d.) as against $328,892.56 (£20,555, 15s. 8d.) including special expenditure amounting to $37,404.32 (£2,337. 15s. 5d.) in 1937.

2. The revenue of the Brigade for the year amounted to $12,572.50 (£772. 13s. 8d.) derived from the following sources:-

Motor Ambulance Service

$11,868.50

(£729. 8s. 4 d.) as against $10,700.00 (£668. 15s. Od.) for 1937, an increase of 10.9%.

Theatre and Special duties

$704.00

(£43. 5s. 4d.) as against $708.00 (£44. 5s. Od.) for 1937, a decrease of .57%.

The undermentioned table shows the revenue of the Brigade for the past five

years.

1938.

1937

1936

1935

1934

Motor Ambulance

Service Theatres and Special

duties

11,868.50 10,700.00 7,730.00 7,890.00

8,805.00

704.00

708.00

510.00 1,158.00 1,340.50

9,048.00 10,145.50

Total..... 12,572.50 | 11,408.00 8,240.00

ESTABLISHMENT RETURN.

3. Return showing the Establishment and Casualties in the Brigade during the year 1938:

Establishment

of the Brigade.

Enlistments.

Europeans

Indian

10

*1

1

Chinese

246

16

Co

Total......

257

17

3

*Temporary.

Deaths.

Resignations.

Invalided.

Retired on

pension.

Dismissals or Desertions.

Total number of casualties.

1

1

3

7

4

14

со

8

1

4

16

2

K (1) 2

FLOATING STAFF.

Coxswains.

Engineers.

Stokers.

Seamen.

Total

5

8

G

14

33

ACTUAL STRENGTH ON THE 31ST DECEMBER, 1938.

Europeans Indian

Chinese

Floating Staff.

Total

ск

1

229

33

271

9

11

со

8

8

Present

Sick or Absent on leave

Vacancies

2

Total.....

10

1

246

33

290

Discipline during the year was satisfactory. Absence from Station without permission is still the chief offence.

4. Illness deprived the Brigade of the services of the Superintendent, Mr. J. C. FitzHenry, during the greater part of the year. Mr. FitzHenry went into hospital on April 26th where he remained until ordered home by a medical board on July 28th. It is satisfactory to record that, at the time of writing this report, Mr. FitzHenry is on the return voyage to Hong Kong for duty.

I take the opportunity to express my appreciation of the commendable manner in which Mr. Moss has carried on in the office of Superintendent during Mr. FitzHenry's absence.

STATIONS AND EQUIPMENT.

5. A new brick and concrete structure at Taipo, New Territory, for housing the Police Van, Fire Brigade Tender with portable fire pump and one motor ambulance was erected on the same site to replace the one struck by a tidal wave and demolished during the severe typhoon on 2.9.1937.

No new Stations were erected during the year.

6. The following appliances and ambulances were supplied during the year and added to the equipment of the Brigade :-

(a) A new Motor Water Tower and Fire Escape Chassis complete with turbine pump and first aid equipment to replace the original No. 9 Appliance chassis.

(b) One Dennis No. 2-225 gallon, 11.9 H.P. Trailer Fire Pump.

(c) Two Austin "Twenty" Motor Ambulances-replacements.

(d) Two sets "Salvus" self-contained breathing apparatus.

(e) Two sets "Pyrene" Foam-making branch-pipes.

:

!

:

:

1

K (1) 3

With a view to putting as many modern ambulances as possible at the service of the public, the Medical Department agreed to exchange the Austin "Twenty' Ambulance (originally supplied as a ferry ambulance between the Queen Mary Hospital and the old Government Civil Hospital) for a smaller and less modern Morris ambulance from the Fire Brigade service.

7. One engine-driver was sent to Cheung Chau on 20th December to operate the additional Dennis trailer fire pump which was supplied to the island on 20th December. The staff now comprises one engine-driver and two firemen to man the equipment of two trailer pumps.

8. The thirty-eight vehicles now maintained by the Fire Brigade were regularly inspected during the year; eleven of the vehicles were completely overhauled and repainted.

9. The two Fire Floats were overhauled and slipped as required during the No major repairs were carried out to the Fire Floats.

The two Fire Floats attended altogether 10 harbour fires during the year.

year.

10. All other appliances and equipment were examined and tested every month.

11. The numbers of both Pedestal and Underground hydrants were increased by 11 and 3 respectively during the year; the total number of hydrants is now 1,503 viz:

Pedestal hydrants :---

Hong Kong (including Peak)

Kowloon

Underground hydrants

205

167

Hong Kong (including Peak)

Kowloon (including New Territories)

12. Fires.

All hydrants were inspected quarterly.

SPECIAL EVENTS.

0

(u) Due to an explosion and fire on board the s/s "Lalita" lying alongside the Texas Oil Installation, Tsun Wan, on the 1/1/38, one Chinese male was killed and four other persons injured. The vessel was loaded with case oil and aviation spirit

(b) A cargo junk with a cargo of aviation spirit lying alongside the Asiatic Petro- leum Co. Installation, North Point was destroyed by fire on the 15/6/38, resulting in the death of one Chinese male, and injuries to four others

734

397

Total...... 1,503

Casualties.

Killed.

Injured.

1

4

1

4

K (1) 4

Killed.

Injured.

ļ

6

1

17

(c) A railway accident occurred on 14.7.38 near Shatin. Two railway engines and coaches collided. The Brigade turned out with Appliances and Ambulances to render assistance and to remove 6 injured persons to hospital for treatment

(d)

On 12/11/38, the Fire Brigade was sum- moned to render assistance in connection with a collision between an army lorry with anti aircraft gun in tow and a private motor lorry chassis on roadway near Customs Pass. The accident caused the death of one person and injuries to seventeen others. The Brigade received afterwards a message of appreciation and thanks from the Army Authorities for the prompt and efficient services thus rendered (e) Following a fierce fire in an old type Chinese tenement house and medicine shop of three floors at 277, Shanghai Street on the 17/11/38, two Chinese males and ten Chinese females lost their lives through being trapped on the upper floors; 11 others were injured through jumping from windows before the arrival of the Brigade

13. Explosions.

() Nine Chinese males and one Chinese female suffered from injuries as a result of a steam boiler explosion in a string factory at No. 85 Tong Mi Road, Taikok- tsui on 6.2.38

(g) An explosion due to the bursting of an ammonia condenser occurred in a cold storage plant at No. 8 Jubilee Street in the Central District on the 12.6.38 resulting in the deaths of 3 males and one female and injuries to one male and one female ...

14. Collapse and Landslide.

(h) During the course of excavation work for

foundations in Hillwood Road on the 31.5.38 one Chinese male and one Chinese female lost their lives. One Chinese male was injured through the collapse of earth from hillside

(i) Following blasting operations a landslide occurred at Lai Chi Kok Road on the 1.6.38, resulting in the death of one Chinese female who was buried under the debris

12

11

10

++

4

2

2

1

1

Total casualties.....

22

55

K (1) 5

CALLS.

15. The number of calls received during the year totalled 245; actual fires 174, Chimney fires 42, collapses 4, landslide 1, and false alarms 24. Compared with the previous year (1937) there was an increase of 70 calls. Forty-two were received by street fire alarms, one hundred and seventysix by telephone, seven from Police and twenty from messengers.

16. Of the false alarms, eight were maliciously given, eight were given with good intent and eight were due to electrical faults in the street fire alarm system.

THEATRE AND OTHER DUTIES.

17. Special duties at public and private entertainments were performed by members of the Brigade on 31 occasions during the year; the number of men thus employed was 231 for a total of 729 hours duty.

FIRE INSPECTION WORK.

18. The following inspections were made by officers of the Brigade and reported upon during the year :-

Theatres and Cinemas

Boarding Houses

256

100

Factories and Workshops

Garages

478

72

Licensed Premises (Liquor Licences)

95

Eating Houses

106

Timber and Firewood storages

111

Buildings (Government and Public)

97

High and Low Flash Inflammable Liquid Stores

256

Petrol Pumps

98

Kerosene Stores in shops

771

Dangerous Goods Storages

253

Offensive Trades

Fireworks Storages

Neon Light Advertising Signs

Vernacular Schools

Dance Halls and Academies Fire Service Installations Miscellaneous Inspections

13

167

444

315

23

557

232

Total......4,444

The number of inspections carried out each month is shewn in Table IV.

19. Fifteen private fire-hydrant services were installed in various premises during the year. Eight private fire-hydrant services were removed during the year. There are now 274 such installations in the Colony. These were inspected, tested and reported upon during the year.

20. The sixteen Automatic Sprinkler Installations in the Colony were tested and reported upon during the year.

21.

372 Chemical Fire Extinguishers located in various Government buildings were tested and recharged by the Brigade during the year.

K (1) 6

22. The total number of Dangerous Goods Licences in force at the end of the year was 1,222 (fees $16,355.00) as against 1,218 licences (fees $16,610.00) for 1937.

23. Thirteen prosecutions, resulting in fines amounting to $845.00 were undertaken by the Brigade during the year for contraventions of various ordinances providing for safety against fire.

AMBULANCE SERVICE.

24. The twelve Motor Ambulances maintained by the Brigade attended altogether 9,477 cases during the year, and travelled 89,877 miles.

The undermentioned summary shows the number of cases attended and mileage during the past five years.

1938.

1937.

1936.

1935.

1934.

No. of cases attended...

9,477

7,451

4,503

4,405

3,797

Distance run (miles)

89,877

Revenue

66,553 39,466

$11,868.50 $10,700.00 $7,730.00

39,018 $7,890.00

32,753

$8,805.00

The large increase in cases and mileage run, compared with previous years, is mainly due to the influx of refugees during the year.

COMMENDATIONS.

25. H.E. the Governor highly commended Acting Station Officer J. W. Woollard and Assistant Station Officer A.I. Cash for good work at the oil fire on board the S.S. "Lalita" on January 1st, 1938.

26. The following members of the Brigade were commended by the Chief Officer during the year :-

Assistant Station Officer R.H.J. Brooks (twice).

2nd Class Fireman No. 90 Ng Sang.

ANNUAL DRILL DISPLAY.

27. The Annual Drill Display by the Brigade took place in the compound of No. 2 Police Station, Wanchai, in the presence of H.E. the Governor, Sir Geoffry Northcote, K.C.M.G., Lady Northcote, and a large number of distinguished visitors and spectators, on November 17th, 1938.

Before the commencement of the Drill Display, H.E. the Governor presented the Colonial Fire Brigade Long Service Medal to the following officers :—

Acting Superintendent G.C. Moss.

Head Foreman CHUNG YAU TIN.

Ambulance Attendant LAI HUNG.

During the Drill Display the finals of the following Competition Drills were contested :-

COMPETITION.

Motor Escape Drill Motor Pump Drill

Hook Ladder Drill

WINNER.

.Eastern Fire Station "B" Team.

.Kowloon Fire Station "A" Team. .Terminus Fire Station "B" Team.

At the conclusion of the Drill Display His Excellency, the Governor presented the prizes and expressed his pleasure at the efficiency with which the Brigade had carried out an excellent programme. He later took the salute at the drive past of the fire appliance, in Gloucester Road.

7th March, 1939.

T. H. KING, Chief Officer, Fire Brigade.

Appendix L.

PRISONS DEPARTMENT ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1938.

"I honestly believe that British justice in such a place as China makes prison almost Heaven.'

"J

This sentence was contained in a report by a Government Official who has served several years in the Far East.

When one looks at some of the terrible derelicts of humanity who pass through the imposing entrance of the Hong Kong Prison and into the spotless white-tiled shower-baths and changing rooms of the Reception Block and when one sees the well cooked and carefully balanced rations being issued to these half starved dregs of mankind one wonders whether this great prison is not indeed Heaven to many of its Chinese inmates. And this is borne out by the number of prisoners who are banished to China on release and deliberately return to Hong Kong so as to be imprisoned again for contravention of the Deportation Ordinance. I have spoken with some of them; for instance, one who has deliberately returned from banishment several times: "What makes you come back when you know you will get caught and put into prison?" With a wave of the hand round the Printers Shop where he is employed: "Where can I do better than this?"

In fact, there could hardly be a prison properly administered under British rule which would not be "heaven" to the starved, filthy, ragged, scabious creatures, many with dysentery and enteritis and the awful derelicts of opium and heroin addiction, who swell the prison population of Hong Kong.

And what is the answer? The answer, I believe, is that most of them should not be in prison at all, but in some quiet settlement where they could live in the sun and grow a few vegetables.

I.

GENERAL.

1. In 1937 Victoria Gaol and Lai Chi Kok Prison for men were closed down and all male prisoners were transferred to the new Hong Kong Prison at Stanley. At the beginning of 1938, therefore, there were only two prisons in the Colony, viz: The Hong Kong Prison at Stanley for men and the Lai Chi Kok Prison for women.

2. The Hong Kong Prison at Stanley has been built with single cellular accommodation throughout (except for Hospital Wards) and was designed to accommodate a total of 1559 prisoners (exclusive of Hospital and Punishment Blocks.) Accommodation for 23 European prisoners is included in this total.

3. On completion of the transfer of all male prisoners from Victoria Gaol and Lai Chi Kok Prison there were 2,215 prisoners in the Prison at Stanley; by November 1937 this number had reached the high figure of 2,757.

On 1st January, 1938, there were in the Prison 18 European, 8 Indian and 2,313 Chinese prisoners-a total of 2,339.

The highest number of male prisoners recorded in 1938 was 2,908 on 23rd December. On 31st December the number was 2,848.

4. Thus, from the outset the Hong Kong Prison at Stanley was grossly overcrowded and it has remained so ever since. In consequence, the whole object of constructing the prison with single cellular accommodation was defeated because it became necessary to accommodate a large number of prisoners three in a cell. This deplorable state of affairs still exists.

5. At the end of August, 1938, proposals for the reorganization of the Department with a view to a better classification and segregation of prisoners and to reducing the number of prisoners in the Prison were submitted to Government. Certain of these proposals were approved in October and measures to put them into effect were begun before the end of the year. Little change can be expected immediately, but it is hoped that by 1940 the steps taken may show indications of improvement.

.༤༢

L 2

6. The main idea underlying these proposals is to ease the position not by adding further buildings to the already cumbersome Prison at Stanley but by endeavouring to cut down by various means the number of prisoners to be admitted to the Prison and to introduce a system of classification and segregation and a programme of productive hard labour for all prisoners which should, in the course. of time, result in reducing the prison population by a combination of reformative and deterrent methods.

7. The Lai Chi Kok Female Prison was, and still is, suffering from serious overcrowding. Here the problem is somewhat different, and it was decided to increase the accommodation by the construction of wards to hold a further 100 prisoners. Unfortunately, this was subsequently held up for financial reasons.

8. A visit to the old Victoria Gaol was quite sufficient to show how urgent had been the necessity for the provision of a new prison. The building of the Hong Kong Prison at Stanley, while by no means solving the prison problem of the Colony, has greatly improved the situation and will enable the "Administration to introduce a system of reform which should do much to increase the efficiency of the Service as a whole and enable the Department to deal effectively with the various types and classes of prisoners admitted to its care. The creation of an efficient system would hardly have been possible under the conditions which obtained formerly.

9. It is not surprising that the unsuitable situation of the old Victoria Gaol, crowded in all sides by tall buildings with their windows looking down into many parts of the prison and occupied for the most part by the poorer class of Chinese, and the rabbit warren which constituted the prison itself, had had a most adverse effect on the mentality of the staff. The result was that in the layout of the Hong Kong Prison at Stanley and in its system of administration practically everything had been sacrificed to security.

10. In the workshops prisoners without sufficient work to keep them fully occupied had no trained technical officers to instruct them in the various trades, and shortage of staff consequent upon overcrowding prevented the employment of prisoners on work outside the prison with the result that many remained in comparative idleness within the walls. Apart from this, a serious lack of tools made any attempt to provide suitable labour for a large number of prisoners abortive.

11. In August Government approved the expenditure of $1,600 and in December a further $3,000 on tools. Both these sums were covered by savings on other items in the Department's Estimates for the year.

12. The purchase of these tools has enabled between 700 and 800 prisoners to be employed daily on productive hard labour inside and outside the prison; but the continued shortage of staff due to overcrowding has prevented full use being made of them, with the result that there are still over one thousand prisoners for whom some form of employment has to be "manufactured.” Much of this sort of employment, necessarily inadequately supervised, is little better than complete idleness as most of it has to be of a sedentary nature.

II. STAFF.

13. Mr. F. A. Hopkins, Assistant Superintendent of Prisons, was appointed Acting Superintendent of Prisons on 17th April, 1937, when Mr. J. W. Franks, O.B.E., Superintendent of Prisons, went on leave prior to retirement from the Service. Mr. Hopkins continued to act as Superintendent until 20th July, 1938, when the writer, who had been appointed Commissioner of Prisons on 17th June, 1938, arrived in the Colony.

14. Mr. Hopkins then reverted to

to his substantive rank of Assistant Superintendent; but on 2.9.38 the title of Assistant Superintendent was changed to Superintendent as it was found that the statutory powers of an Assistant Superin- tendent were not sufficient for the proper maintenance of discipline in the Prison and because it was considered anomolous to have an Assistant Superintendent without a Superintendent.

L 3

15. On 15th October Mr. Hopkins, after 28 years Service in the Home, Cyprus and Hong Kong Prisons Services, during which time he had acted as Superintendent of Prisons, Hong Kong, on 4 occasions, was invalided to England, and Mr. H. Barrett, Chief Warder, was appointed Acting Superintendent pending the arrival of a new Superintendent from elsewhere.

16. The authorized establishment of Subordinate Staff for 1938 was :-

European Officers

65

Indian Officers

235

Chinese Staff

55

Male Staff

.355

Female Officers

28

Total Subordinate Staff

383

17. European Officers are, with a few exceptions, recruited locally from men of The Royal Navy, Royal Air Force and The Army. Most of these men take their discharge in the Colony in order to obtain employment as Prison Officers. They have to serve for 12 months on probation before being confirmed in their appointments, and their training as Prison Officers is carried out in the course of their duties during this period. In the case of these men, fully trained in the Fighting Services, it is not considered that any more elaborate form of training for their duties as Prison Officers is required.

18.

The recruitment of Indian Officers is a more difficult matter. These officers are generally selected in India by Senior Indian Officers on leave from Hong Kong and it is, therefore, impossible for them to be interviewed by the Superinten- dent of the Prison before selection as is done in the case of European Officers.

19. Indian recruits, almost without exception, have received no previous disciplinary training and the present establishment, being the minimum necessary to run the prisons, does not allow of the formation of a training school. The result is that a dangerous reliance sometimes has to be placed on men who are unknown quantities and who may be, at best, only half trained in their duties.

20.

It is proposed to examine the possibilities of arranging for a three months "recruits course" for these men before they are allowed to undertake any responsible prison duties..

21. Female Officers are engaged and trained locally and this method has proved satisfactory.

The recruitment of Chinese Staff presents no difficulties.

22. The following table shows the number of reports against members of the staff and the nature of the punishments inflicted in consequence :-

Punishment.

Dismissed

Reduced in rank

Increment deferred

Increment stopped

Europeans.

Indians.

Chinese

Wardresses.

1

1

Fined from $10.-$25

Fined from

$5.-$10

1

Co

3

Fined from $1.

$1-$5

14

30

Fined less than $1

2

31

Extra duty

8

22

Reprimand

4

11

Chinese Males

by

Age Groups.

1,369

STATISTICAL REPORT FOR HONG KONG PRISONS FOR 1938.

Number

previously

Number committed.

convicted.

Numbers sentenced to imprisonment.

committed in

Total number

1938.

For debt.

Destitutes.

For safe Custody and not subsequently

imprisoned.

For

Imprisonment.

Once.

Twice.

Thrice or more,

Number of First Offenders.

Under 1 month.

1 to 6 months.

6 months to 2 years.

Over 2 years.

Deaths (exclusive of executions).

15-20

4.0 1,329

192 50

5

LO

1,082

379

884

58

8

20-25

2,603

2

129

2,472 613

78

5

1,776

656 1,643

149 24 3

25-50

7,851

19

395

7,447 1,835 220

21

5,371 | 2,098 | 4,638

601

Over 50

1,139

4

36

1,099 169

36

4

890 551 476

69

Total Chinese males

12,962 25

590

12,347 2,809

384

35

9,119 3,684 7,641 877

110 48

3 23

145

European males

61

22 12

27

3

2

22

3

21

Indian males

22 2

6

4

10

1

9

3

6

1

Total males

13,045

27

28

606

12,384 2,813 386

35

9,150 3,690 7,668

881 145

74

Females by age Groups

15-20

121

15

106

8

20-25

158

25-50

1,139

12

11

146

12

4

2+

96

39

66

5

125

52

87

6

82

1,055

82

Over 50

583

15

568

61

22283

9

943 446 581 23

9

474 313 243

11

1

Total Females

2,001

3

123

1,875 163 51

23

1,638

850 977

41

7

Grand Total

15,046 30 28 729

14,259 2,976 437

58

10,788 4,540 | 8,645

922

152

77

Notes.

L4-

The percentage of convicted prisoners admitted to prison with previous convic- tions recorded against them was 24.3 as compared with 21.6 in 1937 and 15.9 in 1936. The percentage of male prisoners with previous convictions was 26.1.

The daily averages of prisoners in prisons

3 during the year were :- Hong Kong Prison

Male

3 Lai Chi Kok Prison

2,342

Female

214

Total.

2,556

L 5

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING AND LABOUR DISTRIBUTION HONG KONG PRISON, STANLEY.

Industries.

Estimated D/A prisoners value of work

employed.

for the year.

Estimated value of the work of one

prisoner.

$

- Printers

227

28,272.80

124.55

Tailors

48

6,014.00

125.29

Carpenters

33

4,145.20

125.61

Tinsmiths & Blacksmiths

39

4,873.20

124.95

Shoemakers

19

2,388.80

125.73

Rattan workers

26

3,232.40

124.32

Matmakers

62

7,694.00

124.10

Netmakers

20

1,860.90

93.04

Painters

19

2,344.00

123.37

Total

493

60,825.30

Labour

Laundry

70

8,697.20

124.25

Cookhouse

47

6,903.20

146.88

Gardens

25

3,151.20

126.05

Stone breaking (to August)

489

40,324.80

82.46

Prison Domestic

87

10,904.80

125.34

Total

718

69,981.20

Outside Work

Upkeep of grounds

60

7,488.00

124.80

Agricultural

Levelling, rock removing, etc. (for 24 days)

90

864.00

9.60

Anti-Malarial (for 35 days)

30

420.00

14.00

Total

180.

8,772.00

Grand Total

1391

139,578.50

PRINTING SHOP.

23. The Printing Shop forms a separate branch of Prison Industries under the supervision of a Principal Printing Officer.

•

24. In 1938-24,224,808 forms were printed and issued to various Government Departments and 143,374 books bound or repaired as compared with 20,068,160 forms and 125,157 books in 1937. This constitutes a record output.

25. During the year the printing of the 1st Volume of the Regulations of Hong Kong and the Water Police Regulations was successfully completed.

26. The demands for stationery from the various Government Departments still continue to increase and in November a small committee was formed to go fully into the question of control of printing.

27. The prisoners employed in the Printing Department worked well and there was no trouble throughout the year.

{

The attached table shows the amount of printing done for the various Government Departments

L 6

1938.

No. of

Departments

forms

printed

No. of books bound

Total value

Cost of Materials

of articles completed.

$

$

Attorney General's Office

2,250

24

92.76

444.76

Audit Office

82,335

1,057

532.44

1,616.44

Bacteriological Institute

89,250

99

311.16

1,323.16

Botanical and Forestry Department

105,480

1,716

632.64

1,963.64

Colonial Secretariat

1,078,178

7,388

4,867.74

14,888.74

Crown Solicitor's Office

6,692

123

73.98

365.98

District Office South

$71,010

387

573.06

2,069.06

District Office North

177,432

1,865

1,856.94

4,799.94

Education Department

157,944

2,937

1,442.94

5,661.94

Fire Brigade

29,720

141

331.10

942.10

General Post Office

6,702,593

23,496

13,732.02

34,253.02

Government Analyst

47,150

325

256.08

916.08

Stores Department

784,841

2,554

3,343.10

11,147.10

Queen Mary Hospital

1,399,964

3,634

4,402.02

10,342.02

Prisons Department

334,122

1,255

1,689.42

7,009.42

Government House

74,616

605

· 448.24

1,756.24

Harbour Department

772,173

19,002

2,573.64

11,390.64

Health Officer of Port

138,300

82

319.20

776.20

Hong Kong Naval Volunteer Force

12,350

202

148.45

313.45

Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps

96,294

2,174

314.58

1,524.58

Imports and Exports

1,330,220

5,936

5,398.08

13,076.08

Kowloon Canton Railway

826,454

4,000

4,075.88

9,196.88

Kowloon Hospital

336,500

264

730.98

2,083.98

Land Office

39,114

322

641.40

2,055.40

Hong Kong Magistracy

184,231

1,059

1,577.16

4,008.16

Kowloon Magistracy

134,791

591

775.20

2,893.20

Medical Department

1,363,852

7,985

7,743.80

18,600.80

Official Receiver's Office

18,820

178

319.26

1,089.26

Public Works Department

1,552,445.

9,287

10,102.71

23,126.71

Police Department

3,024,522

29,068

16,428.84

38,626.84

Queen's College

25,400

130

202.74

708.74

Royal Observatory.

56,054

1,204

284.52

1,120.52

Secretariat for Chinese Affairs

338,325

939

2,788.80

5,428.80

Sanitary Department

1,228,087

7,076

5,394.48

14,101.48

Inland Revenue

785,285

3,158

1,779.77

3,160.77

Supreme Court

116,272

1,447

2,046.00

6,039.00

Treasury

574,247

1,859

3,078.30

8,617.30

Tsan Yuk Hospital

32,500

25

140.64

470.64

Total

24,224,808

143,574

101,450.07

267,876.07

Industry & Labour.

L 7-

LAI CHI KOK FEMALE PRISON.

Daily average of prisoners employed.

Estimated value

of work for the

year. $

Estimated value

of the work of one prisoner.

$

Laundry

113

13,036.80

115.37

Tailoring and Sewing

34

4,152.00

122.12

Weaving

9

1,041.60

115.73

Cookhouse

10

1,478.00

147.80

Prison Domestic

26

2,473.60

95.14

Gardens (30 days)

13

141.20

10.86

Total...

205

22,323.20

28. In theory all prisoners employed do 7 hours work daily on weekdays. In practice, however, this is not the case and this matter is receiving attention.

29. As mentioned elsewhere in this report Prison Industries have suffered from lack of technical instructors. This does not apply to the Printing Shop where five European Officers are employed on the Printing Staff. It is hoped to engage during 1939 Technical Officers to supervise the Tailoring, Carpentering, Tinsmithing and Blacksmithing Industries and also to train a few members of the disciplinary staff in these and other trades so that they will be able to supervise the work of the prisoners as well as acting in a disciplinary capacity.

SPIRITUAL AND MENTAL TRAINING.

29. No measures exist at present for the mental training of prisoners. Prisoners may, however, purchase books for their own use and also have access to books, English and Chinese, from the prisoners library.

30. Spiritual training is confined to visits paid on Sundays by officially appointed Chaplains and by approved preachers and laymen.

PHYSICAL TRAINING.

31. There is no physical training apart from daily walking exercise for prisoners employed in indoor occupations.

PERSONS AWAITING TRIAL.

32. Persons awaiting trial are confined in a separate "Remand Block" and do not associate with convicted prisoners at any time. Owing to overcrowding it has been found necessary, from time to time, to confine three remand prisoners in a cell, but this is avoided as far as possible.

33. The reopening of a small part of the old Victoria Gaol, which is adjacent to the Courts, for the accommodation of Remand prisoners and persons awaiting trial has been approved by Government. This will answer the double purposes of relieving the strain on the accommodation in the Prison at Stanley and stopping the daily journeys by motor van of such persons between Stanley and Hong Kong.

YOUNG OFFENDERS.

34. The confinement and training of young offenders is carried out in the Juvenile Remand Home in Hong Kong. The Home is administered by the Com- missioner of Police. The establishment of an institution to be run somewhat on the lines of a Home Borstal is under consideration.

L 8

RECIDIVISM AND CLASSIFICATION.

35. A reference to the Statistical Report on page 4 indicates that recidivism is on the increase. While there can be little doubt that the economic situation due to the large influx of refugees from South China is partly responsible it cannot be denied that the classification of prisoners which has been practiced and which fails to segregate first offenders from previous offenders must have the effect of increasing recidivism through contamination in prison.

36. Proposals for the adoption of a new classification and for the better segregation of different classes of prisoners have been approved by Government.

AFTER CARE. 、

After-care would present

37. No system of after-care is in operation. peculiar difficulties in this Colony where a large number of prisoners who are not British subjects are banished to South China on release. Apart from this, with the present large influx of refugees so much help is required for the poorer class of Chinese in Hong Kong that public support for the introduction of a system of after-care for released prisoners could hardly be expected at the present time.

PRISON PUNISHMENTS.

38. The following table shows the number of offences committed during 1938 by prisoners against prison discipline and the consequent punishments which were awarded:-

Punishment.

Corporal punishment (with cane)

Close confinement

Offenders.

Nil.

4

Dietary punishment

373

Dietary punishment with loss of remission

24

Loss of remission

20

Reduction in class

Reprimand

2

Nil.

FINANCIAL.

39. The total cost of each prisoner per annum (average) was $276.10. The cost of feeding each prisoner per annum (average) was $92.68.

An estimate of the pecuniary value of an average prisoner's work (calculated on the basis of the work performed which has a definite monetary value as apart from domestic prison tasks or other unproductive employment) was $123.36 per

annum.

40.

The following Tables give particulars of the Revenue and Expenditure of the Department for 1938 as compared with 1937:-

TABLE I.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF REVENUE, 1937 AND 1938.

Head of Revenue collected by Prisons Department.

Fees of Court or Office.

Prison Subsistence

Prison Industries

1937.

1938.

$1,672.00 3,341.75

$4,029.00

4,484.96

Total

$5,013.75

$8,513.96

?

L 9

TABLE II.

Comparative Statement of Expenditure 1937 and 1938.

Personal Emoluments

1937.

$512,006.81

1938.

$514,345.93

Other Charges.

}

Arms and Ammunition

394.05

407.44'

Conveyance Allowance to Superintendent

600.00

153.81!

Cleaning and Sanitary Materials

5,484.54

7,478.59'

Clothing and Shoes for Staff

16,030.87

18,082.64

Clothing for Prisoners

37,844.88

36,139.39

Execution

Fees

150.00

200.00

Fuel

Grants to Chaplains

43,854.61

26,564.45

1,200.00

1,200.00

Gratuities to Prisoners.

882.00

1,034.00

Incidental Expenses

2,390.51

1,934.09

Light

13,060.41

14,518.26

Materials for Remunerative Industries

3,546.34

4,037.81

Materials for Repairs and Renewals

10,943.40

11,556.73

Photography

3,243.32

2,552.45

Rations for Indian Warders

14,919.89

13,975.76

Rent of Public Telephone

2,255.35

2,394.13

Rent of Quarters for European Warders

1,068.35

Nil

Rent of Quarters for Indian Warders

3,956.00

184.33

Subsistence of Prisoners

320,665.15

236,883.05

Transport

10,098.29

8,196.95

Upkeep and running Expense of Motor Vans

1,339.56

1,664.52

Total Other Charges

493,927.52

389,158.40

Special Expenditure.

Typewriters

672.00

5 Vans

14,882.71

Bicycles

104.00

88.00

Tools

3,939.38

Sewing Machines

1,332.00

Total Special Expenditure-

15,658.71

5,359.38

Total Prisons Department

$1,021,593.04

$908,863.71

L 10

CONCLUSION.

41. It will be apparent to any person who reads this report with under- standing that the penal system of the Colony is still far below the standard required to meet its growing needs. The establishment of an efficient prison system must depend largely on the provision of adequate funds to follow the methods which have been successful in England and in many parts of the Empire.

42. From a financial point of view alone, failure to check a steady increase in recidivism must, in the long run, become more expensive than the methods. employed to combat it, provided of course that these methods prove successful.

43. To quote from a Report by Mr. Alexander Paterson, M.C., His Majesty's Commissioner of Prisons for England and Wales:

"Each country gets in the end the prison administration for which it is prepared to pay, and that administration is in turn decided by the degree to which the interest of the average citizen in the matter has been aroused. .

There

is commonly no attempt to think out the purpose served by a prison, and certainly no conscious desire to co-operate with the authorities in the re-habilitation of the prisoner. . Vaguely there is an underlying idea that prison is a place of punishment and a means of deterrence.

It is only the negative side of prison life that is understood.

"The prison officials refuse to stop short at a purely negative conception of a prison, and insist that it has in addition a positive function to perform. Their business, so they say, is to keep a man in prison during his sentence and out of it for the rest of his life. While recognising that a sentence of imprisonment is and always should be a punishment, they maintain that the serving of the sentence should provide, if it is long enough and the prisoner is co-operative, an opportunity to train the habits and character of the offender. This is the positive side of a prison administration. The prison becomes not merely a place of safe custody, which is an inexpensive matter, but a possible place of training."

44. Only in a very few cases and with a wide stretch of the imagination can the Hong Kong Prison at Stanley be considered at present to fulfil its proper

function.

15th February, 1939.

J. L. WILLCOCKS,

Commissioner of Prisons.

=

―

L 11

Appendix.

ANNUAL REPORTS OF MEDICAL OFFICERS.

MEDICAL.

The following is the report of the resident Medical Officer, Hong Kong Prison, for 1938:-

Staff: Dr. G. Ingram Shaw was Medical Officer during year.

Mr. V. H. Freeman, Hospital Supervisor, went on leave in April and was replaced by Warder T. Pile. Rest of Staff consists of 9 Indian Warders of whom one is on long leave, leaving 8 for duties. It is to be remarked that only the Medical Officer is qualified in any way. The Supervisor on leave has had some R.A.M.C. training, but all the Indians have been recruited from discipline staff -an unsatisfactory state of affairs.

2. Total admissions to Hong Kong Prison during 1938 were 13,045. these 1,169 were 50 years of age or over.

Of

3. Total admissions to Hospital during year were 1,797, daily average of hospital patients being 46.47. This figure whilst representing true hospital admissions does not include that large number of derelict humanity which is kept in the "Doctor's Party"; a party of men suffering from deformity, blindness, and tuberculosis, and totally unfitted in every way for labour. This party averages approximately 250-300 per day.

4. During the year there were 73 deaths.

Apical Pneumonia

Lobar Pneumonia

Myocarditis

Fatty degeneration of the heart

Acute cardiac failure

Acute Dilation of the heart

Cerebral Haemorrhage

Acute Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Chronic Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Generalized Pulmonary Tuberculosis Pulmonary Infarction

Senility

Cirrhosis of the liver

Fibro-Sarcoma of lung

Acute Nephritis

Chronic Nephritis

Acute Encephalitis

Strangulated and Gangrenous Hernia

Bacillary Dysentery

Septicaemia

Carcinoma

Myelitis of the cord

Chronic Appendicitis

Secondary Anaemia

Acute Enteritis T. B.

Bronchiectasis

Pneumococcal Meningitis

Total

Causes of death were:-

1

3

8

1

2

1

4

17

3

7

1

2

2

1

1

1

1

1

2

2

1

1

1

1

6

1

1

73

L 12

5. Total number of outpatients 12,651; i.e. average daily attendance of 34.66, but this figure is actually 2× 34.66 as patients attend twice daily.

The following were the principal diseases including drug addiction:-

Scrotum Tongue Syndrome

Chronic Opium Poisoning

Chronic Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Scabies

Heroin

Hernia

Tinea and Dermatitis

Gonorrhoea

Syphilis and Chancroid

4,126

2,281

2,189

2,047

1,033

233

64

208

130

11

28

Beri Beri

Conjunctivitis

6. On admission to Gaol 108 prisoners were admitted to Hospital, 1,538 placed untasked in cell, and 2,497 on half labour. These figures are an indication of the condition in which many of these men arrive here and shew the need for some form of place of internment other than prison. "Half labour

"Half labour" does not really mean such, but is a convenient term for the doctor's party where only the very lightest of tasks are performed e.g. cleaning tins etc.

.

7. Following transfers took place during the year:

To Queen Mary Hospital

To Hospital re mental condition.

To Infectious Diseases Hospital (small pox)

8

4

5

Not included in this figure (Queen Mary) are cases for banishment who on ceasing to be prisoners were sent to this hospital because they were unfit to be discharged straight to care of Police.

8. 36 cases were sent to Queen Mary Hospital for X ray, returned same day. 1 case was retained (intra-capsular fracture R. femur).

9. 10 prisoners were released on medical grounds suffering from leprosy. One of these cases proved to be an inveterate house breaker and was kept in Prison under isolation. It should be noted that there is no real leprosarium in Hong Kong.

10. During the year although there was an epidemic of cholera in the Colony we were fortunate in not having a single case of the disease. Strict prophylaxis in the form of isolation of all new admissions to Prison for seven days, with inoculation against the disease, and stopping all outside food may have helped to prevent such cases occurring.

11. During the year there were 4 executions, death in every case being instantaneous; 245 floggings (2 cat-o-nine-tails and 243 cane) were attended during the year.

12. In general the health of the prisoners was very good, but admissions were marked as always by the large percentage of beggars, old men, emaciated derelicts of humanity suffering from drug addiction due I feel not so much to actual addiction as to first having some form of Tuberculosis and then starting to take opium in some form to alleviate suffering.

L 13

13. Early in the year the new Surgery for Staff was opened. Here con- sultations are given by M.O. starting at 9 a.m. An average of 5 patients attended daily. An indian lady M.O. attends every Tuesday afternoon for the benefit of native Gynaecological cases and if necessary sees other patients (native) who so desire.

14. Public Health.

Malaria has been practically non-existent and

one case can be proved to have been contracted in the precincts of the Gaol. My grateful thanks are due to the Malarial Bureau for this, as they have kept the large area of rock pools well oiled. 157 sumps are looked after by our own staff under the supervision of the M.O. An area of seepage water in the precincts has been turned into gardens and drained and is i believe now safe. Anopheles mosquitoes are sometimes seen, but I believe these are carried by prevailing winds. This should become less likely in the future as the anti-malarial work has been extended in the offending areas.

Sanitation. The precincts of the Gaol are scrupulously clean, due to the efforts of a Principal Warder who has been trained by the M.O. He has a staff who carry out these duties in routine method. Flies have occasionally been a source of much worry. Undoubtedly here again prevailing winds play a great part carrying flies from the fishing village of Stanley about 800 yards away. occasion flies have been imported in manure to be used in gardens. An order now exists which should prevent this occurring again.

On

Disposal of night soil has proved a very difficult problem in the case of the Prison. A septic tank serves this purpose and on the whole has given excellent service, but in November it refused to function any more being completely filled by a solid mass of matter. At present the effluent goes straight to the sea. The reason for the tank refusing to function is due to abuse by excess numbers. The tank was supposed to serve 1,500 men with presumably a margin of safety, but was until recently serving in round figures 3,000 men.

The number of prisoners in the Gaol being nearly 1,500 in excess of what it was built for means the breaking of all Public Health measures inasmuch as many cells have 3 men in the one cell. This combined with Eastern customs of passing stools when nature so demands does not help to keep down disease (the men are locked up from 4.30 p.m. until 6 a.m. and all natural acts are performed in tins in the cells during this period). An additional source of worry from the health point of view is the number of cases which must be chronic carriers of disease so locked up with healthy men. Every endeavour is made to segregate tuberculous cases but many mistakes must occur.

Water Supply: Owing to water shortage in Hong Kong the Prison has suffered in common with the rest of the Colony and this may be a factor in the upsetting of the septic tank. The hospital has certainly suffered very much as normally most hospitals even during restrictions are not cut off from water supply. In addition there was a further restriction due to the changing of the water main where larger pipes were put in. The prison water supply comes from a reservoir of its own and the hospital was of necessity cut off when the supply to the Prison was shut off.

General. During the year the M.O. gave 60 systematic lectures on the principles of Medicine, Surgery and Physiology to the hospital staff. This, however, is really uphill work and until intelligent educated men are recruited for this service will be of very problematical value. A further series of lectures on Air Raid Precautions, Gas, and First Aid was given to the staff generally.

G. INGRAM SHAW. Medical Officer.

L 14

MEDICAL REPORT OF FEMALE PRISON, LAI CHI KOK, 1938.

1. Dr. G. H. Henry and Dr. L. D. Pringle performed the duties of Medical Officer during the year.

2. The total number of female prisoners admitted was 2,001.

3. The admissions to hospital were 233, a decrease of 136 as compared with 1937, the daily average consequently falling to 5.47 as compared with 9.39 of

1937.

4. One death occurred in the Prison Hospital due to Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

5. Nine cases were transferred to Kowloon Hospital and 1 to Queen Mary Hospital. Of these three died-2 in Kowloon Hospital and 1 in Queen Mary Hospital, not included in return. One Remand prisoner was sent to Kowloon Hospital for X Ray and return.

6. Four female prisoners were released on Medical grounds by order of His Excellency-3 suffering from Leprosy and one Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

1937.

7. There were 8 normal labours during the year as compared with 15 in

8.

All new prisoners are vaccinated on admission, and were inoculated against Cholera during the Cholera epidemic.

9. The health of the prisoners this year has been very good, a big reduction in the number of admissions to Hospital vide para. 3 above.

L. D. PRINGLE,

Medical Officer.

Female Prison, Lai Chi Kok.

FEMALE

2001

PRISON.

Total Prisoners

Admitted to Prison.

Daily Average

Number of Inmates.

214

233

Total Admitted

to Hospital.

Daily Average

Number in Hospital.

5.47

233

Total

Out-patients.

Y

LAI CHI KOK FEMALE PRISON.

1938.

Daily Average Number

of Out-patients.

Death due

to Disease.

2.87

1

.0011

Death rate i.e. % of

Deaths to Total

Admission to Prison.

SI T

COLONY OF HONG KONG MEDICAL FACILITIES MAP

REFERENCE

Lok MA CHAU

SHA TAU KOK

SHEUNG SHUI

FAN LING

TAI PO MUI

Govt. HoSPITALS

NAVAL HOSPITALS

SAN TIN

MILITARY HOSPITALS

CHINESE HOSPITALS

PRIVATE HOSPITALS

GOVT. DISPENSARIES

CHINESE Public DISPENSARIES

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADe DispensARIES

UN LONG

GOVT. Welfare CENTRES

10

Govt. Social HygiENE CENTRES

KAM TIN

в

TAI PO

TSUN WAN

SAI KUNG

о

CASTLE PEAK

SHA TIN

SHAM TSENG

ΤΑΙ Ο

LAN TAU ISLAND

پر

ટી

Kowleen CITY

ABERDEEN

HONG KONG

STANLEY

33

о

INDEX.

I ADMINISTRATION:-

A Staff

B Finance

Contents,

C Ordinances affecting the Public Health

II PUBLIC HEALTH:-

A. GENERAL REMARKS:

(i) General diseases

(ii) Communicable diseases.

(a) Mosquito and insect-borne diseases

(b) Infectious diseases

(c) Helminthic diseases

B. VITAL STATISTICS :-

1. Population

2. Non-Chinese registration

3. European officials.

III HYGIENE & SANITATION:-

(A) GENERAL REVIEW OF WORK DONE AND PROGRESS MADE :

(I) PREVENTIVE MEASURES

(i) Mosquito and insect-borne diseases:

(a) Malaria

(b) Yellow fever, etc.

(ii) Epidemic diseases :-

(a) Plague

(b) Cholera

(c) Smallpox

Page.

1

2

2

3

4

4

4

12

12

14

14

15

15

15

16

17

(iii) Other diseases :-

(a) Leprosy

(b) Tuberculosis

(iv) Helminthic diseases

17

18

18

(v) Diseases of animals

18

(vi) Seasonal prevalence of disease

19

INDEX (Contd.)

Contents.

(II) GENERAL MEASURES OF SANITATION

(a) Sewage disposal

Page.

19

(b) Refuse disposal

(c) Drainage

(d) Water supplies

19

(e) Domiciliary visiting and inspection

21

21

(f) Offensive trades

(III) SCHOOL HYGIENE

(IV) LABOUR CONDITIONS

(V) HOUSING AND TOWN PLANNING

23

24

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

20

20

22

(VI) FOOD IN RELATION TO HEALTH AND DISEASE

25

(B) MEASURES TAKEN TO SPREAD THE KNOWLEDGE OF HYGIENE

& SANITATION

28

(C) TRAINING OF SANITARY PERSONNEL

29

(D) RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE WORK

IV PORT HEALTH WORK & ADMINISTRATION

V MATERNITY AND CHILD WELFARE

≈2222

29

30

32

VI HOSPITALS, DISPENSARIES & VENEREAL DISEASES

CLINICS

36

VII PRISONS & ASYLUM

49

VIII METEOROLOGY

IX SCIENTIFIC:-

53

A. Report of the Bacteriological Institute

B. Report of the Malaria Bureau

C. Report of the Analytical Laboratory

ககசு

55

63

68

D. Report of the University Professorial Units

75

APPENDIX:-

Return A. Medical, Health & Sanitary Service Staff

81

Return B. List of hospitals

85

Appendix I Drug addiction and the drug traffic in Hong Kong

86

Appendix II Refugee relief in 1938

86

Appendix III Smallpox in Hong Kong in 1938

88

Appendix IIIA A talk by Mr. Ho Kam Tong, O.B.E. on importance

of being vaccinated

91

Appendix IV Cholera in Hong Kong in 1938

94

Appendix A List of diseases treated in Government hospitals Appendix B List of diseases treated in Chinese hospitals Appendix C Report of Registrar-General of Births & Deaths

98

99

115

ANNUAL MEDICAL REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1938.

I. ADMINISTRATION.

A. (a) Staff-Medical, Health and Laboratory Divisions,

Appointments.

European.

Director of Medical Services: Dr. P. S. Selwyn-Clarke.

Government Consultant: Professor Gordon King.

Nursing Sisters: Miss M. A. Grant, Miss D. M. Baker, Miss K. E. Collie, Miss K. A. C. Steers, Miss E. S. R. Leslie, Miss P. M. Slack, Miss K. A. Milne, Miss M. West, Miss A. Holdway.

Secretary: Mr. J. H. Gelling.

Accountant: Mr. F. D. Angus.

Asiatic.

Medical Officers: Dr. Bee Hoat Tech, Dr. Ling Ke Dieh, Dr. Kong Sau Yui, Dr. (Miss) Cheng Hung Yue.

Medical Officers (Temporary): Dr. Tai Hon Sham, Dr. Tsan Wei Chean, Dr. H. H. Tai, Dr. H. F. Tai.

Promotions.

European.

Matron, Grade II: Miss F. A. Cranfield.

Retirements and Resignations.

Nursing Sisters: Miss O. Patchett, Miss N. K. Johnson, Miss H. Prescott, Miss A. C. Hill, Miss P. E. Kean, Miss D. C. Tall, Miss R. E. Low.

Asiatic.

Medical Officer: Dr. Cheung Shiu Fan.

(b) Health Division.

Appointment.

European.

Lady Medical Officer: Dr. (Mrs.) A. F. Stout.

Retirements and Resignations.

Lady Medical Officer: Dr. (Mrs.) G. R. Nash.

(c) Laboratory Division.

Appointment.

European.

Assistant Analyst: Mr. P. H. Symons.

M 2

B. Finance.

Due mainly to the increase in the number of patients admitted to hospitals and to the opening of the Lai Chi Kok Relief Hospital the total expenditure for 1938 exceeded the expenditure for 1937 by $389,210.48. The figures being $2,407,347.92 and $2,018,137.44 for the years 1938 and 1937 respectively. The ordinary (recurrent) expenditure in 1938 was $2,218,236.61 as compared with $1,866,911.97 in 1937. Special expenditure amounted to $189,111.31 in 1938 and $151,225.47 in 1937, but such items as cost of buildings, water supplies, etc., are not included.

The revenue earned by all divisions of the Medical Department during 1938 amounted to $431,034.17 as against $455,232.42 in 1937. The decrease was due to a large drop in the number of medical examinations of emigrants.

In Table 1 the figures include such items as water and drainage works, Urban Council cleansing services, etc.

Table I.

Motor Ambulance Service

34,072.88

Police Department

288.00

Public Works Department

1,510,320.13

Sanitary (Urban Council) Department

1,050,283.55

Subsidies to Charities

449,678.22

Medical Department

2,407,347.92

Total

$5,451,990.70

The total revenue for the Colony from all sources in 1938 was $37,175,897.82; hence the expenditure on medical services formed 14.66 per centum of the general revenue as compared with 16.19 per centum in 1937.

C. (a) Ordinances affecting the Public Health.

The following is a list of Ordinances, Rules, Regulations, By-laws and Government Notifications affecting public health or medical matters which were enacted, made or published during 1938:-

1.

Ordinances

(a) Vaccination Amendment Ordinance, 1938.

(b) Dentistry Amendment Ordinance, 1938.

(c) Dangerous Drugs Amendment Ordinance, 1938.

(d) Pharmacy and Poisons Amendment Ordinance, 1938.

2. Rules, Regulations and By-laws.

(a) Public Health (Food). (New by-laws re reconstituted milk and

reconstituted cream.)

(b) Public Health (Food). (c) Pharmacy and Poisons. (d) Pharmacy and Poisons.

(e) Pharmacy and Poisons.

*

(Amendment to schedule to Ordinance).

(Amendment of regulations).

(Amendment of poisons list).

(Amendment of fees).

(f) Emergency. (Amendment re prevention of cholera).

(g) Emergency.

(Further amendment re cholera).

(h) Emergency. (Amendment re squatters and destitutes).

(i) Emergency. (Further amendment re squatters and destitutes).

M 3

II. PUBLIC HEALTH.

(A) General Remarks.

(1) General Diseases.

The year 1938 was marked by the prevalence and persistence of infectious disease in the Colony. At the end of 1937 smallpox had begun to attain epidemic proportions and the number of cases notified increased rapidly in the early part of the year, reaching a maximum in March. The last case of this series was

notified in July and by the end of that month the disease had died out.

2. Cholera recurred in Hong Kong in 1938, the first case being notified on the 25th of May. The disease was not as wide-spread as in 1937, thanks in part to the rigorous measures of control which were adopted, in part to the fact that the disease was expected and everything was in readiness to combat an outbreak.

3. These were the two major epidemic diseases occurring in the Colony in 1938, and there is no doubt that they lasted longer than they would have done in normal years owing to the overcrowding in all parts of the City of Victoria. (The prolongation of the Sino-Japanese "Incident" has meant that the advent of poverty-stricken and starving refugees to Hong Kong has continued throughout the year. The extension of hostilities to the South of China in November led to a sudden rise in the number of refugees crossing the frontier and this attained a maximum during the month in question?

4. The measures of control taken were not adequate to ensure inspection of all those who crossed the frontier, and it is regrettable to have to record that smallpox was undoubtedly brought into the Colony during this November migration.

5. A sudden sharp rise in the number of cases of epidemic cerebro-spinal meningitis was also noted shortly after this inflow, and this was probably due to the fact that these people were brought into contact with carriers of the disease, in the Colony and, being exhausted and ill-fed, succumbed to it only too readily.

6. The congestion of the urban districts in Hong Kong continues unabated and the sanitary condition of most of the town is calculated to promote rather than to prevent the spread of infectious disease. This congestion has undoubted- ly been the most important factor in keeping up the incidence of meningococcal meningitis. Even in the hottest months of the year cases of this disease have been recorded, although it is well-known that this disease has an increased pre- ference for the winter and spring.

7. The numbers of deaths occurring each month during the year were as follows:-

Table II.

January February

March

April May June

July

3,291

3,652

4,114

3,478

2,961

3,292

3,110

August

September

October

2,983

:

2,640

2,517

November

3,047

December

3,733

TOTAL DEATHS

38,819

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

- M 4 -

8. These figures may be represented graphically as follows, and these histograms show that the two peaks were attained in March and December.

MONTHLY DEATHS IN 1938.

Jan. Feb. |

Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

(II) Communicable diseases.

(a) Mosquito or insect-borne diseases.

9. Malaria, thanks to the untiring zeal and indefatigable activity of the Malaria Bureau, is no longer to be regarded as one of the major killing diseases in Hong Kong. Control is still essential as the infection rate remains high in rural areas which cannot be freed from breeding places for economic reasons.

10. The number of deaths recorded from malaria in 1938 is 733; this number includes two deaths from malaria among the Forces of the Crown. No case of blackwater fever was recorded..

11. Nine cases of filariasis and five of dengue were reported during the year. It is clear, therefore, that the incidence of mosquito-borne disease in Hong Kong is not excessively high. The whole subject is dealt with in greater detail in the Report of Malaria Bureau in "Section IX, Scientific."

(i) Plague.

(b) Infectious Diseases.

12. (No case of plague was recorded in Hong Kong in 1938, despite the assertion of the British Medical Journal during the year to the contrary. The disease has been epidemic during the year in the following districts in China:- Kwangtung, Kwangsi, Hainan Island and some parts of the North.

こ

.

M'5

13. The infection appears to have been absent from the Colony since 1929. Daily examinations of rats are made in both the Hong Kong and Kowloon mortuaries, and spleen smears are taken from a certain number of the animals each morning. This is a precautionary measure of value, as the possibility cl a reappearance of plague in the Colony is by no means remote.

(ii) Cholera.

14. Cholera was widespread all over the Far East during 1938. Although anti-cholera inoculations had been given free during the early part of the year to all members of the public who wished to avail themselves of this measure, and despite active propaganda designed to educate the public in methods of self-protec- tion against the disease, the disease reappeared in May.

Cases

600

500

400

*300

200

100

CHOLERA

1938.

་

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June.

July Aug.

Aug.

Sept. Oct. Nov.

Dec.

- M 6

15. Hong Kong was prepared for an epidemic. After its first appearance in May, the disease spread rapidly in June and attained its peak during the third week in July. From July onwards the epidemic declined; although, in contradis- tinction to 1937, sporadic cases of the disease occurred throughout December. In all, 547 cases of the disease were recorded with 363 deaths as compared with 1,401 cases and 776 deaths in the previous year.

16. The outbreak was aggravated by the steady stream of refugees into the Colony and by the overcrowded conditions existing in Hong Kong. Twenty-one cases were imported from various districts of China, and it was found necessary to impose quarantine measures against ships coming from Canton and Macao. Many more males than females were affected by the disease, and it was striking to note how relatively uncommon the disease was in children under ten years of age.) Further details of the outbreaks from the clinical and bacteriological standpoint will be found in "Section III, Hygiene and Sanitation" and in Appendix IV.

(iii) Smallpox.

17. The outbreak of smallpox which began in Hong Kong in November, 1937, reached its fastigium in March, 1938. 236 cases and 192 deaths were recorded in the week ending the 19th of March. It was obvious that the epidemic was over by June and only five cases were reported in July.

18. Compulsory vaccination for all was introduced soon after the March peak and all ships coming from Canton were quarantined for the first time in the history of the Colony. Free vaccination centres were opened at hospitals, dis- pensaries and points of vantage throughout the Colony, the number of public vaccinators was increased and a vigorous anti-smallpox campaign was instituted. An officer was put in charge of this campaign, which was undoubtedly of great value in preventing further spread of the disease.

(See page 7.)

ทา

Cases.

900

SMALLPOX

1988.

500

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

y Aug Sept

"Oct | Nov | D

Dec.

Jan Feb

Mar. Apr

May June July

M 8

19. The vaccine lymph used in the vaccination centres was prepared locally at the Government Bacteriological Institute. It proved uniformly potent and

effective.

20.

Immediate approval was given by Government for the augmentation of the accommodation at the rather inadequate Infectious Diseases Hospital in April by the building of three new huts each capable of holding fifteen-twenty patients. These huts enabled the use of marquees for the surplus patients to be discontinued.

21. The epidemic was the most virulent in living memory, and killed 1,833 people. The total number of cases recorded in the year was 2,327, of whom only 834 reached hospital. The mortality rate based on inclusive totals was 78 per centum: The hospital figures are given in Appendix III, where a more de- tailed account of the outbreak from the clinical standpoint will be found.

An interesting sidelight is thrown on the popular reasons advanced in regard to the cause of this outbreak in Appendix IIIA. It is worthy of note that the majority of the deaths occurred in children of five years or under; some 1,388 in this age

group.

(iv) Typhus.

22. Typhus occurred in epidemic form in several parts of northern China during the spring months, but Hong Kong was fortunate in having only two cases during the year. One was a naval rating who appeared to have contracted his infection in Shanghai, twelve days before arriving in Hong Kong; the other was a young male refugee who developed the disease three days after arriving from Shanghai. The latter case was sent into the Infectious Diseases Hospital as a case of smallpox. Both cases occurred in May and the diagnosis in each was established by the Weil Felix reaction. Both men recovered.

(v) Cerebro-spiñal meningitis.

23. Cases occurred sporadically throughout the year.

Out of a total of 483,

113 were notified in April. February, March and April were the months of greatest prevalence. The mortality was 46 per centum, 223 out of the 483 cases having died.

(See page 9.)

Cases.

120

100

80

60

40

20

20

M 9-

CEREBRO-SPINAL MENINGITIS

1938.

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug Sept. Oct.

(vi) Pulmonary tuberculosis.

Nov. Dec.

24. Approximately one out of eight of all deaths occurring in Hong Kong in 1938 was due to pulmonary tuberculosis, which killed 4,920 people in the year. It is probable that at least five people suffer from the disease for everyone who dies of it, and the opportunities afforded for its spread by overcrowding are legion. The average poorer class Chinese tenement to-day houses from thirty to as many as sixty human-beings per floor as compared with between fifteen and seventeen before the "Incident". Many of these people are out of work, most of those who have work are underpaid and all live on an inadequate and ill-balanced diet. They are exposed daily to mass infection with tuberculosis because of the universal and disagreeable habit of spitting; they are ignorant of the ways in which the disease is spread; their hygienic standards are of the lowest, and it is, therefore, not to be wondered at that tuberculosis heads the list of killing diseases in Hong Kong.

25. Tuberculosis was not notifiable in 1938 and it was quite impossible to send into hospital any but a small proportion of infective cases.

(vi) Dysentery.

-M

26. Dysentery was rife throughout the year and accounted for 338 deaths out of a total of 1,071 cases. There was no significant rise in the number of cases before the cholera epidemic began. The maximum number of cases was reported in June, 124, July coming a close second with one less.

Cases.

140

120

100

80

60-

40

20-

11

!

DYSENTERY

1938.

Jan. Feb.

Mar. Apr.

May June July Aug. Sept. | Oct.

Nov. Dec.

"

40

39

30

20

10

50

60

M 11

(vii) Typhoid fever.

27. Numerous cases of this disease were reported during the autumn months. The disease was in the majority of cases due to Bacterium typhosum, and killed 187 people out of a total of 539 cases. The months of maximum incidence were June and July, with seventy-nine and ninety-two cases respectively.

(ix) Diphtheria.

28. Diphtheria did not become epidemic in 1938. 319 cases were notified of which 147 died. The season of maximum incidence was from October to April. Of the 147 fatal cases, 132 were under the age of ten.

DIPHTHERIA

1938.

Jan Feb Mar

Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct

(x) Scarlet fever.

Nov. Dec.

29. Four cases of scarlet fever were notified during the year in Hong Kong, one in March, one in April and two in December. The disease is, and remains, a rarity in the Colony.

-

M 12-

(xi) Leprosy.

-

30. It is difficult to obtain accurate information about the incidence of leprosy in Hong Kong and the New Territories. A personal visit by the writer to St. Joseph's Leper Settlement at Sheklung in Kwangtung in the early part of the year resulted in an arrangement being made with Government approval by which non-British born lepers could be transferred to Sheklung. Government undertook to give financial aid to the Mission concerned in return for which the latter agreed to build accommodation for four hundred lepers. Later in the year, Government acquired the buildings in which the lepers are now housed in Hong Kong and the plot of land on which they stand.

31. New legislation enacted at the same time gave the medical officer in charge of the lepers a greater measure of control over them, an important step, as the lepers up to that time had been an unruly and turbulent body.

32. The buildings in which they live were wire-fenced in December and a continuous police patrol of the leprosarium and its precincts was begun when the fence was finished. Government also ruled in December that convicted lepers should be confined in a special portion of the Hong Kong Prison at Stanley.

:

33. The daily average of lepers cared for during the year was eighty-nine. Seventy-two were sent to Sheklung in July, but since the extension of hostilities to the south of China, some of these have drifted back to Hong Kong.

34. A great increase took place in the number of lepers admitted during the last three months of 1938. This has undoubtedly been due in part to the Japanese invasion of South China. This increase is shown by the fact that, whereas the number of lepers remaining in the leprosarium at the end of 1937 was sixty-two, at the end of 1938 it was 133.

(c) Helminthic Diseases.

35. These diseases do not figure prominently in the hospital returns, and it is probable that they are much more wide-spread than these figures indicate. For example, in the out-patient returns of the University Clinic at the Queen Mary Hospital infestations are recorded as follows:-ankylostomiasis thirty-five, ascariasis twenty-seven, trichuris. twenty-five and oxyuris vermicularis sixteen."

36. The in-patient returns from the Chinese hospitals show clearly that ascariasis is the commonest infestation, but the figures for in-patients are negligible.

(B) Vital Statistics. (1) Population.

37. Hong Kong is still a free port, and as it is so close to the mainland no effective control of immigration or emigration exists. This being so, it is im- possible to give an accurate estimate of the population of the Colony. The 1938 mid-year population estimated by extrapolation from the last two census results is 1,028,619. The excess of immigrants coming in by sea and railway over emigrants during 1938 was more than 300,000, and when it is remembered that this figure takes no account of those entering the Colony by sampan, junk or across the land frontier it is easy to realise that the normal population of Hong Kong has been increased by between 400,000 and 500,000 during the year.

:

38. It is necessary to add a further 100,000 in respect of the surplus im- migrants over emigrants in 1937 resulting from the arrival of refugees from Shanghai and North China.

39. Most of these people have been accommodated in the urban districts of the Colony, but at the height of the invasion" in November many thousands were crowded into the towns and villages of the New Territories. Though the

M 13

advent of refugees has been continuous throughout the year, there were three peaks, the first occurring after the systematic air raids on Canton began in May, the second after the Japanese landed at Bias Bay in October, and the third and greatest after the Japanese "mopping up" operations along the Hong Kong frontier at the end of November. The measures taken to deal with the refugees are described in Appendix II.)

40. The fall of Canton, while it checked the stream of immigrants arriving by river, did not entirely stop it, for refugees were still able to reach Hong Kong by Shekki and Macao. Regulations formulated on a property basis-only those possessing $20 being allowed to enter the Colony-failed to check the inflow. The figures given in the following table do not include refugees now living in Hong Kong and the New Territories,

41. The distribution of the population in various parts of the Colony (exclusive of refugees of all classes) is estimated as follows:-

Table III.

Hong Kong Kowloon

New Territories

Maritime

Totals

Non-Chinese

9,871

Chinese

.....

414,138

11,361

352,849

492

Totals

454,009

108,536

364,210 109,028

1,372 23,096

100,000 1,005,523

101,372 1,028,619

42. Under the Births and Deaths Registration Ordinance, No. 21 of 1934, registration is compulsory. The director of medical services is registrar-general of births and deaths, and the necessary data are obtained through eleven register offices in the Island of Hong Kong, seven in Kowloon and eleven in the New Territories. Much help is given by the Police Department and the Chinese Dis- pensaries in seeing that births are registered; but unfortunately registration is still carried out imperfectly owing mainly to the Chinese custom of not registering children until they are in the second year of life.

43. Registered births in 1938 showed an increase from 32,303 (692 non- Chinese) in 1937 to 35,893. The crude uncorrected birth-rate for 1938 was 34.9 per thousand of the mid-year population, as compared with a crude rate of 32.1 for 1937.

44. Among the civilian population 38,818 deaths were registered in 1938, an increase of 4,183 over the 1937 figure. In addition to this, twenty-nine deaths were recorded in the Forces of the Crown during the year, an increase of eighteen over the 1937 figure. The crude uncorrected death-rate for the civilian population is estimated at 37.7 per 1,000 living, the figure for 1937 being 34.4. These increases in the actual number of deaths and the death-rates reflect the general deterioration in the health of the community, a deterioration thought to be brought about by overcrowding, lack of housing and insufficient food. Still-births numbered 1,075 in 1938, 913 in 1937.

45. 11,620 Chinese infants under one year of age died in 1937, 12,001 in 1938, the infant mortality rates for the two years being 376 and 343 respectively. Post-registered 'births were subtracted from the total Chinese births before this figure was obtained.

M 14

(2) Non-Chinese Registration.

46. 558 births were registered in this section in 1938 (270 male and 288 female). This is a decrease of 134 on the 1937 figure. The crude birth-rate is estimated at 24.2 per 1,000 living in 1938 as compared with 30.6 in 1937. There were 244 non-Chinese deaths (excluding eleven deaths in the Forces of the Crown) in 1937, giving a death-rate of 11 per 1,000 living, whereas in 1938 the corresponding figures were 197 (excluding twenty-nine deaths in the Crown Forces) giving a death-rate of 8.5.

47. The deterioration of general health in the Chinese inhabitants, which is clearly demonstrated by these figures, has not been accompanied by a corresponding falling off in the health of the non-Chinese people living in Hong Kong. This is to be accounted for by the immeasurable higher standard of living of the non- Chinese elements of the population. In the year under review, there were ten still-births in the non-Chinese population.

48. Twenty-three non-Chinese infants under one year of age died in 1938, as compared with thirty in 1937. This gives an infant mortality rate of 42 for non-Chinese infants, as compared with 46 for the year 1937.

49. Comment on the respective infant mortality rates of the Chinese and non-Chinese communities is needless; the figures cry aloud.

50. Sick and invaliding rates are still unobtainable in the case of the general non-Asiatic population, but steps were taken in 1938 with the permission of Government which may result in useful data being collected in 1939 regarding morbidity rates in European officials.

(3) European Officials.

Table IV furnishes data regarding the health of European officials during 1938 and affords means of comparison with the state of health of this section of the community in the preceding two years.

Table IV.

1936

1937

1938

Total number of officials resident

942

940

1,042

Average number resident

930

918

833

Total number on sick list

453

453

435

Total number of days on sick list

7,144

6,134

7,367,

Average daily number on sick list Percentage of sick to average

20

17

20

number resident

49%

49%

52%

Average number of days on sick

list for each patient

16

14

17

Average sick time (in days) to

each resident

8

7

Total number invalided

10

12

75

Percentage of invalidings to total

residents

1.06%

1.28%

Total deaths

7

3

0.48%

5

Percentage of deaths to total

residents

0.74%

0.32%

0.48%

Percentage of deaths to total

average number resident

0.75%

0.33%

0.60%

M 15

III.-HYGIENE AND SANITATION.

(A) General Review of Work done and Progress made.

(I) Preventive Measures.

(i) Mosquito and insect-borne diseases.

a) Malaria.

51. Some reference has already been made to the work carried out by the Malaria Bureau which was established in 1930. As a result of its activities malaria is now limited to the outskirts of towns and the country districts. However, there are still many parts of Victoria where permanent drainage works have not yet been put in and it would be premature to allow any relaxation of anti- malarial activities at present. The scope of the work done by the Bureau during 1938 may be seen in the Malariologist's Report for the year, "Section IX, Scientific.

52. The total number of deaths recorded from malaria during the year was 733, an increase of thirty four on the 1937 figure. When it is recalled that tens of thousands of refugees arrived from malarious districts during the year, there is some cause for satisfaction that the increase of deaths was relatively insignificant. Difficulty is still being experienced in control of breeding on land under wet cultivation,

53. It is, of course, impossible to abolish paddy-fields, but as the area under wet cultivation is far too extensive to be treated with non-oily larvicides, other measures such as screening and netting have to take their place.

(b) Yellow fever.

54. No case of yellow fever has yet been authenticated in the Eastern hemisphere. Rigorous measures of surveillance and control have been imposed on aircraft travelling from infected territories to the East, and thus far they appear to have been successful.

(c) Filariasis.

55. The incidence of filariasis in the Colony is negligible. Other diseases conveyed by insect vectors are dealt with under separate heads.

(ii) Epidemic diseases.

(a) Plague.

56. Rats are trapped systematically throughout the year. 189,502 were trapped during 1938, 21,893 of these being alive. A portion of each day's catch is taken to the two public mortuaries. The rats are examined after death and spleen smears are made each day from a certain number of them. P. pestis was not demonstrated in these smears, nor have any rats been noted with signs of plague during the year under review. In the absence of human cases it is, therefore, legitimate to affirm that P. pestis does not exist in the Colony at present.

57. Periodical cleansing of houses is carried out and mild anti-rat propaganda is given to their inmates. 1,289 rat holes were blocked up during the year as compared with 1,313 in 1937. It is questionable whether any or all of these measures have a marked influence on the rat population of Hong Kong.

58. The measures taken to prevent the introduction of plague from shipping are described in the section dealing with port health work and administration.

M 16

(b) Cholera.

59. A brief description of the 1938 outbreak of cholera has already been given in this Report and further clinical details are given in Appendix IV. The measures of control taken included the following:-

(i) Isolation of the sick,

(ii)

Mass inoculation,

(iii) Press propaganda,

(iv)

Restrictive legislation,

(v) Quarantine of shipping,

(vi) Inspection of trains,

(vii)

Disinfection of infected houses.

60. With the permission of Government the upper blocks of the former prison at Lai Chi Kok were opened as a cholera hospital capable of holding at a maximum 200 patients. The unit was self-contained, save for its supply of distilled water, and proved of great use.

61. Inoculations were made at hospitals, dispensaries and special posts established for the purpose. The total number carried out was 940,000. Valuable assistance was given by the St. John Ambulance Association, and the Medical Faculty of the University of Hong Kong while the epidemic was at its height.

62. Propaganda was begun before the first cases appeared in May and was carried on by the Press, posters and wireless broadcasts. The public was warned how to avoid infection, where to obtain free inoculation against cholera, and what to do with a suspected case of the disease. The value of inoculation was stressed to the limits of truthfulness and a campaign of mass inoculation was opened.

►

63. Legislation was introduced prohibiting the sale of foods and drinks likely to convey infection. An attempt was also made to obtain compulsory and efficient pasteurisation of all fresh milk, this measure to take effect from the beginning of 1939. Measures were also taken providing for the chlorination of all pipe- borne water in the Colony and the covering in of one exposed service reservoir.

64. Arrival of river steamers by night was prohibited, and all vessels arriving from Canton and Macao were examined under Police guard at the wharves. The port health authorities undertook the cleansing of decks and lavatories after the disembarkation of passengers. All passengers coming in by train were also inspected on arrival.

65. The sanitary inspectorate redoubled its vigilance and disinfected all houses in which cases of the disease had occurred.

66. While it must be admitted that the inspections of passengers arriving by ship and train were, and in the circumstances could not but be, cursory, a dispassionate survey of the available data leaves the impression that the measures just described did, in fact, exercise a marked influence in controlling the spread of the epidemic in 1938.

67. There were probably at least 300,000 more people at risk in the Colony than in 1937, yet the actual number of cases recorded in 1938 was only just over a third of the 1937 total.

68. It is very difficult to obtain accurate figures to show the efficacy, if any, of inoculation in mitigating the severity of the disease. In a group of 106 patients who stated definitely that they had not been inoculated, thirty-nine died

M 17

and sixty-seven recovered. In a group of twenty-six patients who stated that they had been inoculated in 1938 only three died. The respective mortality rates in these two groups were, therefore, 36.7 per centum and 11.5 per centum. The series are too small for importance to be attached to them, but nevertheless the figures are both significant and suggestive.

(c) Smallpox.

69. The disastrous epidemic of smallpox which raged throughout the Colony at the beginning of 1938 has already been described in outline.

70. The preventive measures taken against the disease included vaccination throughout the Colony. During the year, 1,035,448 vaccinations were performed. The Legislative Council gave its approval to an amendment of the Vaccination Ordinance making vaccination compulsory for all classes on the 22nd of April. 1938. Free vaccination centres were opened in hospitals, dispensaries, and at other convenient points. With Government approval, twenty-four temporary officers were added to the quota of twelve public vaccinators. The St. John Ambulance Association lived nobly up to its past record and gave great help in carrying out this large number of vaccinations.

71. A certain amount of vaccine lymph was imported by Government as a precautionary measure, but most of the lymph used was prepared at the Govern- ment Bacteriological Institute which, as usual, rose to the occasion.

The re- sources of the Institute as regards animal accommodation were taxed to the uttermost, but over fifty litres of lymph were prepared during the year.

72. Cases of the disease were isolated at the Infectious Diseases Hospital at Kennedy Town. Reference has already been made to the increase in accom- modation effected at this institution. The total number of cases recorded in 1938 was 2,327 of whom 1,833 died, a mortality rate of 79 per centum.

73. The epidemic was waning by the end of May and finally out in July, in which month only five cases were reported. Thirty-seven cases were re- ported during November and December, mostly in refugee children.

74. The outbreak was the most virulent the Colony has ever known, and the high number of toxic cases-almost 10 per centum of the number admitted to hospital-gives an index of the virulence of the virus.

75. The deplorable Chinese custom of waiting till the second year of a child's life to have it vaccinated means that whenever smallpox breaks out in the Colony there is a holocaust of infants. In 1938, of those who perished 1,388 were babies and children of five years and under.

76. It is gratifying to be able to record that during the year under review steps were taken which will in time bring the sanitary inspectorate directly under the control of the medical officers of health an absolutely essential measure if effective use is ever to be made of this body of potentially very valuable public

servants.

(iii) Other Diseases.

(a) Leprosy.

77. Two important steps were taken regarding leprosy during the year. Firstly, arrangements were made with the approval of Government to give financial aid to the Catholic Mission at Sheklung, in Chinese territory, which in its turn undertook to build accommodation for 200 lepers, the number to be increased later to 400. The lepers will be maintained at Sheklung at the expense of the Hong Kong Government. Secondly, Government acquired the former Tung Wah Small- pox Hospital and the plot of land on which it stands. It is hoped that this step will enable some form of discipline to be imposed on the lepers. It was also arranged late in the year that convicted lepers should serve their term of im- prisonment in a special building to be erected at some future date in the precincts of Hong Kong Prison.

M 18

78. It is impossible to make any statements about the incidence of leprosy among the inhabitants of Hong Kong because no figures worthy of attention have ever been obtained on the subject. It is quite certain that a high percentage of the lepers now in the settlement have come to Hong Kong after contracting the disease elsewhere.

Table V.

Discharged

20

Transferred to Sheklung Leper Settlement, Kwangtung, China ...

72

Discharged at own request

91

Died

17

Remaining at end of 1938

133

333

(b) Tuberculosis.

79. It is regrettable to have to record that infectious cases of pulmonary tuberculosis still remain in close contact with their fellow beings, and that the majority of them are only diagnosed at autopsy. The provision of adequate hospital accommodation for all persons suffering from "open" tuberculosis is urgently needed, but there seems little hope of this need being fulfilled at the present time.

80. Attempts are being made to improve the housing conditions of the poorest Chinese, but it seems unlikely that these efforts will be attended with success until the population of the Colony returns to its pre-war level, extensive housing operations have been taken and restrictive measures have been introduced. on immigration.

81. A Nutrition Research Committee has been appointed to enquire into various aspects of malnutrition and it is hoped that this body may be able to point the way to an amelioration of the problem.

82. Legislation to bring about the compulsory pasteurisation of milk was introduced in 1938, and the possibility of making spitting in public places illegal is also being considered.

(iv) Helminthic diseases.

83. Prophylaxis against helminthic diseases is effected by the control of nightsoil and refuse, the methods employed being described in the relevant section. The inspection of meat and foodstuffs is carried out regularly and a moderately successful war is waged on flies in the urban areas on the Island. Markets and slaughter houses in the urban areas are supervised by the colonial veterinary surgeon and his staff, but it is hoped to transfer this control to the health officers of the respective districts in the near future.

(v) Diseases of animals.

84. The colonial veterinary surgeon reported the following details, inter alia. relating to diseases in animals for the period under review:-

M 19

Live stock in the Colony on 31st December, 1938.

Cows

Goats

Horses

Swine-number unknown.

Table VI.

Urban Council Area.

New

Total.

Territories.

2,173

1,400

3,573

161

200

361

416

220

636

(vi) Seasonal prevalence of diseases.

85. The bar diagrams given elsewhere in this report show clearly the seasonal incidence of the various diseases recorded in the Colony in 1938. Unlike 1937, 1938 showed no very marked increase in mortality after the third and greatest influx of refugees in November. The mortality was highest in March, the month when smallpox was at its height.

86. It will be noted from the bar diagrams that smallpox, diphtheria and meningococcal meningitis are mainly winter diseases, cholera is a summer disease, and the dysenteries and typhoid have their highest incidence in late summer and autumn.

(II) General Measures of Sanitation.

(a) Sewage disposal.

87. The unsatisfactory system of sewage disposal for the bulk of the premises in Hong Kong and Kowloon was described in the Report for 1937 to which reference may be made. An eye-witness of the final stages in the disposal of nightsoil from Sanitary Department lighters in Gin Drinkers Bay wrote: "Here, amid scenes which would defy the brush of Hieronymus van Bosch or the pen of de Sode, the faecal matter is baled by human beings into other junks owned by contractors."

the sanitary

88. It is very much to be hoped that this reflection on the administration of Hong Kong will not be of much longer duration.

89. Direct disposal through sewers into the sea where practicable and safe from the public health standpoint or by way of sewage works (based on the ac- tivated sludge and aeration bed principle) is clearly desirable.

(b) Refuse disposal.

90. Details of the system of refuse disposal were given in the Report for 1937 and need not be repeated here.

91. An average of 505 tons of material are collected daily, and a portion of this refuse is carried through the streets by coolies in open baskets. The danger of spread of fly-borne infection to which this system lends itself is apparent, and is a very real one during the summer months. The greater part of the refuse is collected by covered lorries belonging to the Sanitary Department. Seventeen of these lorries work in Hong Kong, eight in Kowloon.

92. There is only one public incinerator on the Island. It is situated at Kennedy Town and is used mainly for burning dirty dressings from hospitals and slaughter house waste. The extension of incineration as a means of disposal is highly desirable. It is the cleanliest of methods and the incombustible material could be usefully employed in filling up reclaimable areas.

M 20

93. The present system is apt to be seriously interrupted during bad weather, and was, in fact, temporarily dislocated by the typhoon of September, 1937. It is sometimes impossible, during the typhoon season, for the dust barges to leave their stations while the typhoon signal is hoisted. This means that they have to dump their contents on the shore during that period, a proceeding which is obviously dangerous from the public health point of view.

(c) Drainage.

94. Anti-malarial work costing $54,167.66, was carried out by the Public Works Department in Hong Kong and Kowloon. General drainage work having a bearing on anti-malarial work to a total of $142,420.47 was also carried out.

95. The anti-malarial work carried out by the Malaria Bureau was continued at North Point, Repulse Bay, Aberdeen, the Queen Mary Hospital, Felix Villas, Kowloon Tong, Kai Tak and Lai Chi Kok. In these areas control was obtained over an additional 8,330 yards of stream drainage.

(d) Water supplies.

96. The water services were detailed in the previous report and need not be described again this year.

97. The addition of between 500,000 and 600,000 persons to the normal population as a result of the "Incident" combined with an unusually low rainfall only 55.4 inches as compared with 82.5 in 1937 and an average of 77.7 for the ten years ending in 1938-gave rise to a disquieting situation and to the imposi- tion of restrictions which had to be tightened up later.

98.

Additional water services were laid on with commendable promptitute by the Public Works Department to the Government Camps for refugees at Fanling, Gill's Cutting and Pat Heung, all in the New Territories.

99. As a safeguard against possible infection with cholera and other water- borne diseases, steps were taken to arrange for the chlorination of all Government pipe-borne water supplies and of the large privately owned supply near the Taikoo Dockyard which is occasionally used for ships.

100. The consumption of water from the public reservoirs which have a capacity of nearly 600 million gallons, amounted to 8,662.75 million gallons for the year, an average of 15.82 gallons per head per day on a basis of a population (including refugees) of at least 13 million.

101. Bacteriological results obtained in 1938 were as follows:-

Table VII.

B. coli communis

Samples

1,055

were absent in 50 c.c. (90.5%)

85

were above standard-(B. coli absent in 10 c.c.) (7.3%)

26

were below standard (2.2%)

1,166

Total number of examinations made (of filtered water)

M 21

(e) Domiciliary Visiting and Inspections.

102. The health officers and sanitary inspectors undertake the duties of house-to-house inspection. Unfortunately the sanitary inspectors were not under the direct control of the health officers in 1938, but took their orders in the main from the Chairman of the Urban Council of Hong Kong who is head of the Sanitary Department.

103. It is very doubtful whether it is desirable for this body (one of whose main functions is scavenging and street cleansing) to exercise control over the activities of the sanitary inspectorate and those who should form an integral part of the health officers' staff. There is every reason to hope that, with the appointment of a deputy director of health services, there will be a reorganisation of the inspectorate on more up-to-date and effective lines. The present cumbrous and out-moded system very definitely militates against the efficient performance of the duties of the health officers.

104. In the Urban Council Area of Hong Kong and Kowloon there are ap- proximately 23,472 Chinese-type houses, most of them having three storeys. 203,372 floors were cleaned with kerosene oil emulsion during the year. Each of the sanitary inspectors who undertakes domiciliary visiting is, in addition to this duty, responsible for supervising a district containing anything up to 50,000 in- habitants and it can, therefore, be readily appreciated that domiciliary visiting is hardly more than cursory.

105. During epidemics many cases of dangerous disease are "missed", and many fatal cases come to the public mortuaries after being dumped in the streets. This fact alone is enough to demonstrate the inadequacy and inefficiency of the prevailing system.

(f) Offensive trades.

106. During the year under review, 191 premises were licensed for offensive trades in Kowloon and Hong Kong. The different trades were as follows:-

Table VIII.

Bone boiling and storing

Chromium plating

Cleaning and storing of shark's fins

Fat boiling and soap making

Feather drying, cleaning, sorting

Gut scraping

Hair drying, cleaning, sorting

Lard boiling

Manganese crushing and battery manufacture

Packing of skins and hides.

Pig roasting

Rag sorting and picking

Resin boiling

20

5

27

40

14

1

6

2

34

1

23

10

2

6

Tanneries

107. These trades are, for the most part confined to areas set aside by the Urban Council for the purpose. The two most dangerous of these trades are battery manufacture and feather cleaning. The primitive methods employed in the manufacture of batteries are only too likely to give rise to cases of manganese poisoning, and the absence of anti-dust measures in the feather cleaning rooms acts as a potential source of pneumoconiosis. Attempts to make the employees wear masks have failed, and it seems that the problem can only be solved by the introduction of legislation to enforce mechanical cleaning.

M 22

(III) School Hygiene.

108. A health officer was first appointed to the School Hygiene Branch of the Medical Department in 1925. He is now assisted in his duties by two Chinese health officers, a part time lady medical officer and five nurses.

109. The schools of the Colony may be divided into three groups:

(i) Government Schools. These number twenty-one and contain 6,410 children. At many of these schools children are admitted at about ten or eleven years of age, by which time many health defects have become established.

(ii) Grant-in-aid Schools. These number 299 and contain 31,924 children.

Many of them are equipped to act as boarding schools.

(iii) Private Schools. These number 929 and educate 65,800 children, and most of them are carried on in tenement flats, houses or "non-domestic" premises which were never meant to be used for school purposes. Children are taught in these schools from the earliest years of their school life, and the majority of the school-children who show physical defects come from them. Most of these schools leave much to be desired from the hygiene standpoint. There are 203 in the rural areas of the Colony. Powers exist enabling the director of education to refuse applications for registration and to remove from the register such schools as are not "properly and efficiently carried on".

.

110. The inspection of schools and school children is carried out by the School Hygiene Branch of the Medical Department. During 1938, 6,186 medical examinations were made at nineteen Government Schools.

111. Dental disease is the defect most commonly noted, and when the revenue of the Colony justifies such expenditure it is hoped to establish a School Dental Service, the complete details of which have been worked out in readiness.

112. Defective vision comes next in frequency, and more than 90 per centum of the defectives suffer from myopia. Its incidence among school children of all ages is 25 per centum and it reaches a maximum in the seventeen year old group, 33 per centum of whom suffer from the defect. Fortunately, most of these errors of refraction are corrected as they appear and during 1938, 584 re- fractions were done and 555 pairs of spectacles were provided. Trachoma is extremely rare among children attending the Government schools, but it is felt that the children of the poorer classes who attend the private schools would probably show a higher incidence of the disease, as the condition is not uncommon in these strata of the Chinese population.

113. During the year, pulmonary tuberculosis was proved or suspected in fifteen out of 1,773 new Chinese and Indian children (0.8 per centum). Both bacteriological and X-ray examinations are extensively used in diagnosis.

No

114. Of the 1,953 children examined during the year with special reference to their nutritional state, 15 per centum were noted as

were noted as undernourished. mention is made of the criteria employed in arriving at this opinion. Schemes were devised and should come into force in 1938 for the provision of cod liver oil for school children.

115. Postural deformities of chest and spine were found to be very common among the children entering Government schools; and it is unfortunate that little. or no attention is paid to systematic physical training in the private or vernacular schools. This is in marked contrast with the excellent provision in Government institutions.

M 23

116. Attendances at the school clinics during the year were as follows:-

Table IX.

Ellis Kadoorie School Clinic

Violet Peel Health Centre

Yaumati General Clinic

Special Clinic for ophthalmic diseases.

Special Clinic for ear, nose and throat diseases

1,479

525

617

382

262

117. The nurses attached to the schools made 205 visits to the homes of children during the year to give advice about minor ailments.

118. Fifty-four cases of infectious disease were recorded among school children in 1938. 4,818 anti-cholera inoculations and 509 vaccinations against smallpox were carried out by the school medical staff during the year.

119. 432 visits of inspection of school premises were made in 1938, compared with 614 in 1937. No regular inspection of registered schools has yet been instituted but should be practicable in 1939 when the School Health Staff will be augmented by the appointment of a sanitary inspector.

120. The hygienic condition of many of the private schools is poor. They are overcrowded, poorly lit, inadequately ventilated, lacking in furniture, deficient in latrine accommodation and defective as regards water supply and means of dis- posal of refuse.

121. The legislation relating to school hygiene is imperfect and has been the subject of much adverse criticism, but a new health code has been drawn up in consultation with the director of education and it is anticipated that the necessary amendments will come into force in 1939.

122. It is abundantly clear that the only way of teaching hygiene is to see that hygienic standards are adopted and hygienic methods practised by those being taught. It is impossible to practise modern surgery in a cowbyre; in the same way it is impossible to inculcate modern standards of hygiene in a hovel. The repetition of a sentence or a set of sentences daily is not enough.

(IV) Labour Conditions.

123. Generally speaking, labour conditions in Hong Kong are unsatisfactory, and it is not likely that they will improve until a labour code is introduced fixing a minimum wage and ensuring adequate housing. This state of affairs was fully appreciated by the Governor who took steps in 1938 to appoint a special labour officer to investigate conditions and to advise on legislation.

124. The legislation enacted in 1937 which enabled the health authorities to require employers of labour in the New Territories to provide suitable housing for their labourers has already proved of considerable value-agreement having been reached between the Military Authorities of the China Command and the Public Works and Medical Departments towards the end of the year.

125. The deterioration in labour conditions which was noted in 1937 has been aggravated during 1938 by the continued arrival of refugees from China. Many of the male refugees sought work in the Colony with the result that the existing surplus of labour was augmented, and wages dropped still lower. The rate of pay for casual male labour is now about 40-60 cents a day and is even lower for casual female labour. Investigations made during the year have shown that the average wage paid for different types of labour is as given in Table X:-

- M 24

Table X.

Coolie hire H.K. $ 0.50 $ 0.60 per day (casual)

-

$ 1.00

$ 1.20

$ 1.45

Lorry hire (22 tons lorry)

29

""

(wharf)

(rickshaw)

(stevedore)

Sampan hire (2 ton) Junk hire (35 ton)

Steam launch hire

$ 1.60 per hour casual $ 1.35

$ 2.00 per day $15.00

$ 5.00 per hour.

by tender

126. An average working day is nine hours, but not infrequently this is increased to thirteen or fourteen hours by over-time. Wages vary with the oc- cupation, women making electric batteries being paid as little as fifteen cents a day. Instances have come to light where women working in, for example, ginger cleaning factories received only ten cents for ten hours labour. Two mines are worked in the New Territories, only one of which has satisfactory accommodation for its labourers, although steps are being taken to rectify this deficiency at an early date. The bulk of Hong Kong labour is employed in factories and work- shops, in transport, engineering, ship-building, fishing, market gardening and house-building.

(V) Housing and Town Planning

127. The Building Ordinance, No. 18 of 1935, controls housing in the Colony. The poorer class Chinese live for the most part in houses with narrow frontages built back-to-back. These houses frequently have conservancy back- lanes six feet or more in width. The older type of house is usually a three storeyed building with a frontage of sixteen to twenty-five feet and a depth of thirty-five to forty feet. The ground floor is often used as a shop, while the rooms in the upper storeys are divided into three or more cubicles by partitions six to eight feet high. The kitchen is at the back of the house, and the one latrine which is on the ground floor serves the whole building. In some of the more modern tenement buildings each floor is provided with a latrine.

128. In some districts the lanes between tenement blocks are built over by "riding floors" and the covered-in area serves as a street in which hawkers ply their trade, and as a refuse dump for the adjacent blocks of buildings. It is scarcely necessary to point out that such buildings are worthy of condemnation from every point of view, and it is hoped that many of their shortcomings may be counteracted by legislation passed in 1935. This legislation will also demand. a much higher standard for future buildings.

129. The houses of the poorer Chinese are grievously overcrowded, and this state of affairs has been steadily aggravated by the continuous inflow of refugees into Hong Kong. The conversion of a certain number of dwelling houses into factories to replace those destroyed in China by the war has also added to housing difficulties. A further factor affecting this state of affairs relates to the manner in which many unscrupulous landlords or their agents and principal tenants. exploited the housing shortage consequent upon the arrival of tens of thousands of refugees.)

130. Rents were raised to such an extent that real hardship and injustice made some form of rent control absolutely imperative. A Rents Commission was appointed by the Government which was seriously concerned with the distress and discontent, and although its findings did not help greatly to a solution of the problem, Government introduced the Prevention of Eviction Ordinance, No. 6 of 1938, which gave the right, inter alia, to aggrieved persons to appeal to the Supreme Court in cases where unconscionable terms were being demanded.

- M 25

131. The hope of the future lies in the legislative action which it is anticipated will be taken as the result of the findings of the Housing Commission. The Commission was appointed in 1935 and submitted its final report towards the end of 1938.

132. Private building has been decreasing in amount owing no doubt to the threats and rumours of war. It is fair to say that planning and zoning are practically non-existent in the older parts of Hong Kong, with the exception of the areas set apart by the Urban Council for offensive trades, but it is hoped to introduce legislation at an early date to effect zoning. In Kowloon, on the other hand, town planning has been carried on in the newer parts of the town with extremely beneficial results.

133.

Building is controlled by the Public Works Department, and the Health Division of the Medical Department serves in an advisory capacity. The Sanitary Department working under the aegis of the Urban Council in the Urban Council Area has, needless to say, nothing to do with housing, but is merely en- titled to remove obstructions. This is shown in the appended table:-

Nature of work.

:

Table XI.

No. in 1937

No. in 1938

By whom supervised

1. Obstructions removed from open

spaces

1,240

1,109

Sanitary Department.

2.

Obstructions to light and ventilation removed

1,598

1,936

3. Houses demolished (domestic)

167

50

do.

Public Works Department.

4. Houses demolished (non-domestic)

3

7

do.

5. Houses erected (domestic)

160

184

do.

6. Houses erected (non-domestic)

14

37

do.

7. Houses reconstructed (domestic)

135

184

do.

8. Houses reconstructed (non-

domestic)

5

13

do.

(VI) Food in Relation to Health and Disease.

134. The construction of the new Central Market in Victoria was almost finished during 1938.

135. The inspection of health conditions in markets is still undertaken by the colonial veterinary surgeons, an anomaly which will, no doubt, be rectified when such health activities come under the control of the health officers.

136. Hawkers of foodstuffs in the public highways afford and will continue to afford one of the most difficult public health problems in the Colony. Both the method of preparation and the lack of protection of the food are objectionable from the hygienic standpoint, and although efforts have been made to discourage hawking in selected areas it must be admitted that no solution has yet been found to this problem.

-M 26

137. In view of the recurrence of choiera in 1938, and the prevalence of typhoid and dysenteric infections, it became necessary to introduce legislation restricting the sale of ice-cream, non-aerated fruit-juice, jellies and uncooked fish. The sale of cut and peeled fruit was prohibited. Reference has already been made to legislation to enforce compulsory pasteurisation.

138. The Adulterated Food and Drugs Ordinance empowers health officers, veterinary surgeons and sanitary inspectors to take samples and submit them for analysis. Table XII gives the analyses carried out during the year.

Table XII.

Food or drug

No. of samples analysed

No. found adulterated

Butter

18

Cheese

25

1

Cream

24

Lard

6

1

Milk (reconstituted)

45

Condensed milk and condensed skim milk

10.

Milk (fresh)

118

5

Milk (unsweetened, evaporated)

7

Dried milk, full and half cream

10

Tea

31

3

294

10

139. The following foods were seized and destroyed:-bread 96 lbs. confec- tionery 3 lbs., fish 591 lbs., flour 10,920 lbs., fruit 45 lbs., nieat 850 lbs., condensed milk 1 lb., offal 260 lbs., tea 7,164 lbs. and vegetables 385 lbs.

140. The following foods were voluntarily surrendered and destroyed:-bread 1,145 lbs., condiments lb., confectionery 847 lbs., eggs 1,280 lbs., fish 9242 lbs., flour 3,080 lbs., fruit 9823 lbs., jam 26 lbs., meat 6,7942 lbs., milk (condensed and powder) 7,427 lbs., tea 5,000 lbs. and vegetables 1,445 lbs.

141. There are two large dairies in the Colony, one Chinese owned on the mainland, one European owned on the Island. The Queen Mary Hospital was built within a few hundred yards of the latter and as a result is inundated with

lies during the summer months.

142. Every effort is being made with Government approval to find a suitable site for a new farm on the mainland to which that adjoining the Queen Mary Hospital can be removed during the next few years. The fullest cooperation in this and in an endeavour to abate the fly-nuisance on the farm is forthcoming from the company concerned but while cattle, feeding materials and manure remain in the area, the presence of flies will continue.

143. The plague in the most up-to date and costly hospital in the Colony became so great a danger in 1938, that permission had to be obtained to enclose with wire gauze the kitchens and infectious diseases wards.

- M 27

144. Acknowledgment is due to the Superintendent of the Botanical and Forestry Department for the following notes on the present agricultural policy of the Colony which, of course, has a distinct bearing upon the problem of nutrition:

"The present agricultural policy is somewhat difficult to define as the point of view must be taken into consideration. The bodies chiefly concerned are (i) the local agricultural population, and (ii) such bodies as are interested in the matter. The latter may be considered to be (a) Government, (b) the Agricultural Association of the New Territories, and (c) a few wealthy Chinese.

In regard to (i), their policy is to produce sufficient crops to provide them with a living and as an adjunct they are considerably interested in the rearing of pigs. The main crop is rice and practically all other crops are subordinated to its production. Subsidiary crops produced on a reasonable scale are sweet potatoes, ground nuts, sugar cane and vegetables (Chinese and foreign). Other crops produced on a very limited scale are jute, taro, tapioca and ginger. Fruits are poorly represented, consisting chiefly of pineapple and litchi, while oranges, papayas and bananas are occasionally met with.

.

In respect to (ii), the various bodies mentioned are proceeding along the following lines:-(a) Government has a general interest in the matter and is obtaining accurate information in regard to the subject generally with a view to assessing possibilities for development; (b) the Agricultural Association of the New Territories is chiefly concerned with vegetable (foreign) trials with a view to seed distribution of useful varieties; (c) wealthy Chinese are trying out various things.

In general, cultivation is confined to level areas and the crops produced are few in number. The present general policy is, to endeavour to enlarge the agricultural outlook of the peasant population with subsequent profit to themselves and increased production for local supply purposes.

Possibilities.

•

The possibilities may be summed up as follows: (i) increase in area, (ii) increase in crop production, (iii) increase in number and quality of crops. In respect to (i), increase in area is possible by utilisation of slopes and carrying out certain reclamations. In regard to (ii), increase in crop production is dependent upon some change in local practices and the intro- duction of up to date methods in regard to use of soil, manuring, etc. With regard to (iii), this can only be achieved by an organisation working along approved lines.

In general, there is scope for some considerable development which should result in increased production of present crops and the cultivation of additional crops in which fruits should play a larger part."

145. The most important Government slaughter house is at Kennedy Town on the Island. Smaller ones are situated at Aberdeen and Sai Wan Ho on the Island and at Ma Tau Kok on the mainland,

146. Humane slaughtering is not yet employed as extensively as it should be. The following animals were killed at the abattoirs in 1938: cattle 78,277, sheep and goats 15,657, and swine 510,297.

147. The slaughter houses are under the control of the Veterinary Branch of the Sanitary Department.

148. The wage level of the labouring classes in Hong Kong is so low that serious malnutrition is frequently met with.

M 28

149. The following tables show the composition of typical meals for mem- bers of the coolie class and how they vary with the income earned.

Table XIII.

Income $30-45 a month.

Rice

Vegetable

Meat

Oil

Salt

Soya bean

Firewood

Weight. 10.2

Cost.

OZ.

$0.032

2.6

0.004

""

1.95

0.030

""

0.020

0.002

0.002

bundle

0.040

H.K.$0.130

Income under $30 a month.

Weight.

Cost.

Rice

10.2

Oz.

$0.032

Vegetable

2.6

0.004

""

Oil

0.013

Salt

0.002

Soy

Saltfish Firewood

0.001

2.6 1 bundle

0.028

0.020

H.K.$0.100

150. These figures show that the average cost of a meal for a coolie in Hong Kong is about 10-14 cents, and investigations have shown that the average minimum price paid per meal at a food-stall or to a hawker is 12 cents.

151. Deficiency diseases occur, the commonest being beriberi. Osteomalacia, pellagra, rickets and scurvy are rare. Beriberi is a serious problem, as it is very widespread both among infants and adults. It causes much ill-health and permanent disability and is a frequent cause of death at all ages. Out of a total of 38,819 deaths in 1938, 2,673 were attributed directly to beriberi. It will be noted that this figure represents an increase of over 1,000 on the 1937 figure. This fact in itself shows how much the standard of living and nutrition must have declined among the poorer classes of the community during 1938.

152. An enlarged Nutrition Research Committee was appointed by the Governor in 1938 to investigate nutritional problems in the Colony, and it is hoped that some light will be shed on practicable methods of prevention as result of its activities.

(B) Measures taken to spread the knowledge of Hygiene and Sanitation.

153. The fatuity of giving lessons on hygiene in buildings which run counter to every tenet of the hygienist's faith has already been touched upon.

154. The maternal and child welfare centres continue to do valuable work in teaching personal hygiene and mothercraft to the women who visit them, and the health nurses are able to teach some domestic hygiene when they visit the mothers in their homes.

:

M 29

JË NGJA

155. The seventy-six registered midwives are expected to attain a reasonable standard of hygiene in their midwifery homes in the overcrowded areas.

These homes are inspected periodically by the supervisor of midwives, one of the lady medical officers, and it is felt that these cases of cleanliness in a desert of dirt may serve as shining examples of how to triumph over environment.

156. It would naturally be thought that the sanitary inspectorate would play a leading part in inculcating the principles of hygiene into those whose lot it is to live in overcrowded and unhealthy areas. This should be possible once the Sanitary Department has been reorganised with the inspectorate under the direct supervision and control of the health officers.

157. A certain number of lectures are given on hygiene and first aid by officers of the Medical Department, by the staff of the Chinese Public Dispensaries and by the St. John Ambulance Association, and use is also made of the English and Chinese Press and broadcasting for propaganda work.

(C) Training of Sanitary Personnel.

158. Courses of instruction are given by the medical officers of health, the malariologist and an engineer of the Public Works Department, and these include demonstrations in sanitation, entomology and sanitary engineering.

The system of control of sanitary personnel has already been the subject of remark in this report. Until the present unsatisfactory system is done away with, the training of the sanitary staff will continue to be imperfect and inadequate.

159.

An examination for the Sanitary Inspector's Certificate of the Royal Sanitary Institute was held in Hong Kong in 1938 and eleven candidates were

successful.

(D) Recommendations for Future Work.

160. In connection with the recommendations contained in the Report for 1937 under this head it may be of interest to point out that the following action has been taken.

It is anticipated that the sanitary inspectorate will come under the direct control of the health officers as soon as the deputy director of health services assumes duty, a change which should allow reorganisation of the health administration of the Colony and improvement in the training of the sanitary personnel.

161. The estimates for the current year provide for the increase in staff recommended in the Report of 1937. A deputy director of health services, two European health officers, two Chinese health officers and an addition to the health personnel for Hong Kong and the New Territories have been provided for in 1939.

162. The Public Works Department has under consideration the question of extending the main sewerage system in Hong Kong and Kowloon, but unfor- tunately it has not yet been found practicable to improve the system of refuse disposal.

163. The report of the Housing Commission appointed in 1935 is receiving the close attention of Government, and a committee to deal with this question has been appointed under the chairmanship of the Chairman of the Urban Council. Until this committee reports it is to be feared that no action will be possible in relation to slum clearance.

M 30

164. Provision has been made in the estimates of the current year for covering Albany Road Reservoir and for the filtration and sterilisation of pipe- borne water in the Pokfulam area but it is feared that the former vitally important work will not be started until October, 1940.

165. A scheme has been devised for establishing a School Dental Service, but it has not yet become operative owing to the apprehended fall in the 1939 revenue of the Colony following upon the extension of hostilities to South China.

166. Discussions are taking place between the Government and the Univer- sity authorities and it is possible that plans will be evolved in 1939 which will enable the nucleus of an Institute of Public Health to be created in 1940.

167. Plans have been drawn up for a new 300-bed infectious diseases hospital, one of the most urgent needs of the Colony, and preliminary estimates suggest that the cost will amount to rather less than two million dollars.

168. A draft scheme has been prepared for the establishment of health centres in various parts of the urban and rural areas, but its operation will also depend on the financial resources of the Colony.

IV. PORT HEALTH WORK AND ADMINISTRATION.

169. The Sino-Japanese hostilities have continued to affect the volume of shipping calling at Hong Kong. The decrease in the number of ships calling at the port was temporarily offset by the closure of Shanghai as an international port. 7

170. During the year under review 3,996 British vessels entered and cleared the harbour as compared with 4,322 in 1937. To this number must be added 3,132 foreign vessels, which had totalled 5,202 in the previous year.

171. River steamers, launches and foreign trade junks also showed an appreciable decline, the figures for each class being 6,780, 1,585 and 9,177 respectively. The tonnage fell from 36,191,724 in 1937 to 29,530,384 in 1938. 3,554 inward bound ocean-going vessels were boarded by port health officers.

172. (Vessels from Canton, Macao and West River ports and smaller craft

were visited when information had been received of sickness or death on board. Periodic inspections of these vessels were carried out with the two-fold purpose, of ridding them of rats and promoting higher standards of cleanliness on board.

173. During 1938, 226 special visits were made to ships as compared with 129 in 1937 to see people suffering from infectious but non-quarantinable disease. Twenty-eight out of fifty-nine bodies landed from vessels were examined at the Public Mortuary.

174. 1,732 bills of health were issued in Hong Kong during the year under review, though their utility has been called in question in many parts of the world and doubt exists as to their value in the Far East, doubt which is con- siderably intensified when the prevailing disturbed conditions are taken into con- sideration.

175. As there is no quarantine immigration station in Hong Kong, observation of passengers and crews ashore is impracticable. When such observation becomes necessary, it has to be carried out on board at one of the two quarantine anchorages to which vessels go when arriving from ports "infected" within the meaning of the International Sanitary Convention of 1926. Eleven "infected" ships were quarantined in 1938 and 145 "healthy" vessels carrying deck passengers were kept in quarantine for observation for periods varying from twenty-four to seventy-two hours. 1,115,067 persons were medical- ly examined on arrival, making an average of 3,055 a day.

M 31

176. The precedent established by the imposition of quarantine measures against arrivals from Canton and Macao, on account of smallpox and cholera, was a very definite advance; although the medical inspection of passengers, had to be carried out under somewhat unfavourable conditions. The overcrowding of the river vessels made it impossible to adopt the procedure followed in the inspection of ocean-going vessels..

177. 13,657 people were inoculated against cholera by port health officers, owing to the epidemic conditions prevailing in Hong Kong and neighbouring ports.

178. The Vaccination Ordinance of 1923 was rigorously enforced, and all passengers arriving in Hong Kong had to be vaccinated, unless they either showed satisfactory evidence of vaccination against smallpox within the previous five years, or had suffered from smallpox. 348,444 persons were vaccinated on board ship or at the Vaccination Centre staffed by vaccinators working under the port health officers.

179. Radio-pratique, that is the granting of pratique to incoming vessels by wireless, was introduced during the year. This procedure has had to be confined to vessels carrying no passengers of third or inferior classes.

180. All emigrants from the Colony are medically examined, and vaccinated if necessary, before leaving. 124,186 emigrants were examined in 1938, of whom 122,820 paid for their passages while 1,366 had their passages paid for them. 360 emigrants were rejected, 74,867 were vaccinated.

181. The following table shows the number of emigrants leaving Hong Kong and the proportion proceeding to the Straits Settlements during the past five years:-

To Straits

Settlements

Table XIV.

1934

1935 1936

1937

1938

Average for period

86,192 102,674 101,499 165,177 61,405

103,389

Total to all ports 138,240 158,300 164,077 245,488 124,186

166,058

182. The Fumigation Bureau of the port health authority is now responsible for disinfecting ships and ridding them of rats. Deratisation certificates and deratisation exemption certificates numbered ninety-one and eighty-eight in 1938, as compared with seventy-nine and fifty-eight in 1937. The details of the methods employed in the disinfection and disinfestation of ships are given in the Report of 1937.

183. Sanitary control of aerial traffic is enforced under the Quarantine and Prevention of Diseases Ordinance, No. 7 of 1936, and regulations governing air- craft which were issued in 1937.

184. A new air-service, Air France, came into being during the year, and there are now six companies making regular calls at Hong Kong. No cases of infectious disease were discovered in passengers or crews arriving by air, nor were any reports received of such illnesses occurring in persons who had left Hong Kong by air.

M 32

185. This table gives details of Hong Kong's air-traffic:-

Table XV.

ARRIVALS

DEPARTURES

Nationality of aircraft

Aircraft Passengers Crew

Aircraft Passengers

Crew

British

116

150

252

115

200

230

Chinese

458

5,330

1,802

475

3,261

1,850

American

35

325

274

35

316

273

French

24

201

94

24

186

94

Total

633

6,006 2,402

649

3,963

2,447

V.-MATERNITY AND CHILD WELFARE.

186. Accommodation for maternity cases in the Colony amounts to 378 beds. Private maternity homes also house a large number of cases, and eighty- eight of them were inspected during the year.

187. At the end of the year there were 712 names on the Midwives Register. Fifty-four candidates satisfied the examiners at the examinations carried out under the auspices of the Midwives Board.

188. The Medical Department employs sixteen midwives who are stationed in Chinese Public Dispensaries at Aberdeen, Kowloon City, Shamshuipo, Shauki- wan, Stanley and Yaumati, and at Government Dispensaries at Fanling (Ho Tung), Sham Tseng, Sai Kung, Tai O, Tai Po and Un Long. Free service is given to the poor by these midwives who also visit the mothers before delivery and the mothers and their babies during the week after delivery.

189. Visits to expectant mothers numbered 2,775 and to puerperal mothers 10,635. During the year under review 11,119 mothers were taught how to wash their babies.

190. 2,862 mothers were visited during the year, an increase of 209 on the figure for 1937. The majority of the mothers visited had enjoyed normal labours, but this number comprised twenty abortions, nineteen miscarriages, twenty-eight premature births and fifty-one still births. In sixty instances the mothers were taken by ambulance to hospital, usually on account of delayed labour and usually after the medical officer from the nearest dispensary had been called in. Apart from deaths amongst those complicated cases, only two mothers attended by Government midwives died.

191. The midwives when not practising their art help in first aid work at the various dispensaries. The supervisor of midwives (a qualified woman medical practitioner) functions as a general inspector of these women and their work, and investigates cases of complicated puerperium, causes of death in infants and complaints lodged against the midwives.

192. Ante-natal and infant welfare work is carried on at a large number of centres including the Violet Peel Health Centre, the Government Welfare Centre in Kowloon and numerous hospitals and dispensaries. The six Govern- ment dispensaries in the New Territories and nine centres maintained by the St. John Ambulance Association also help in this work.

– M 33

193. The average daily attendance at the Government centres in Kowloon and Wanchai was 175 and 165 respectively, the total attendances for the whole year being 63,768 at Kowloon, 60,278 at Wanchai. The total number of infants seen during the year at both centres was 124,046, and this remarkable increase, compared with the figure for 1937, is to be ascribed mainly to the refugees from South China. The average age of the infants at their first appearance at the clinics was eight months.

194. Synthetic milk, whose composition may be found in last year's Report, continued to be given daily to nursing mothers and their infants who are fed at the centres, and the Society for the Protection of Children continues to render assistance by supplying milk to those babies whose mothers cannot afford it. The Society now supplies milk direct to the centres, instead of to mothers sent from the centres, an arrangement which allows fuller records to be kept.

195. The majority of the infants brought were found to be suffering from digestive disturbances or malnutrition of some degree. No case of rickets was observed. Conjunctivitis was second in importance and was closely followed by respiratory diseases of various sorts. Thrush was very common, 594 cases being seen during the year at the two centres.

196. The soup kitchen at each centre gave over 100 meals daily. During 1938, 3,060 anti-cholera inoculations were given to mothers and older children, and 963 vaccinations were performed against smallpox. In the early part of the year 1,065 bloods were tested for the Wassermann reaction and forty-eight were found to be positive. Later, this investigation had to be discontinued owing to the pressure of work at the Bacteriological Institute.

197. Home visits were continued throughout the year and 3,078 were paid by nurses from the centres to the homes of babies attending.

198. The Eugenics League which

League which was formed in 1936 received the official recognition of Government during 1938. The League was permitted to make known to married women who have already had children and who desire advice on the spacing and limiting of families on health grounds, where such information was obtainable. Sessions were held at the two Government Welfare Centres once weekly under the supervision of a European and two Chinese lady medical officers. The number of mothers who availed themselves of these facilities rose from 217 in 1937 to 291 in 1938. Pregnancies in this group numbered 1,529, an average of 5.7 per mother advised. The average age of the mother was thirty-one.

199. To those whose duty it is to come into close contact with the very poor living in dangerously overcrowded tenements, where more than one infant in three dies before attaining a year and where so many of the children who survive are underfed and sickly, the need for extension of the work of the League is more than apparent.

M 34

The Violet Peel Health Centre.

Mothers receiving a meal.

M 35

Babies being weighed.

Babies being bathed.

M 36

VI.-HOSPITALS, DISPENSARIES AND VENEREAL DISEASES CLINICS.

200. The list of Naval, Military, Government Civil, Chinese and private hospitals is given in Return B. to this Report. Those who are interested in the details of these hospitals are referred to the Report for 1937.

201. Certain changes and additions in hospital accommodation are, however, worthy of note. These were necessitated by the very serious overcrowding following an increase in the normal, peace time population of nearly 50 per centum by refugees.

202. To give one or two examples of such overcrowding from the writer's actual experience in visits to Chinese hospitals during the year:—wards scheduled to accommodate thirty patients had twice this number, mostly on the floor between beds making approach to and nursing of such unfortunates very difficult; a small ward for sick women, mostly old, possessed seven beds grouped together on which nineteen had to find a resting place; two wards containing forty maternity beds with sixty-six women. Many other examples could be cited and the state of affairs was aggravated in the largest Chinese hospital (until strict measures were taken with the Chinese directorate) by the presence in the precincts of the dangerously overcrowded wards-containing cases of dysentery, typhoid, tuber- culosis, cerebro-spinal meningitis, etc.,-of nearly eight hundred refugees.

203. Appreciating the urgent need for increased hospital accommodation, Government sanctioned the conversion into a relief hospital of buildings erected originally to house emigrant Chinese labourers to South Africa and subsequently utilised as the main prison for men prior to the opening of the new Hong Kong Prison at Stanley.

204. These blocks were opened on 4th May, 1938. The lower portion provides space for 300 beds and the upper for 200. The furnishings of both portions are on a rather primitive scale-with wooden beds and few of the usual adjuncts of a hospital, but the accommodation has proved most valuable and has relieved the worst of the pressure on the bed-space in the Chinese hospitals. Efforts have been made to admit only those patients from the wards of the Chinese hospitals who were convalescent or were suffering from malaria, beriberi and the like and, with appropriate treatment, could be improved and returned to civil life in a comparatively short time. The only exception to this restriction of type of patient relates to one ward devoted to children suffering from bony tuberculosis-sometimes complicated by pulmonary lesions-who had hitherto been housed under quite intolerable conditions in the darkest and oldest portions of the largest Chinese hospital. The little patients have repaid this special concession by their improvement in health. The upper blocks of this auxiliary hospital were fly-proofed and proved an invaluable asset during the height of the cholera outbreak in 1938. They will be needed for the dangerous infectious diseases until new infectious diseases hospital has been built on the Kowloon Medical Centre.

205. As a further means of meeting the demand for beds in the Kwong Wah Hospital (one of the three Chinese hospitals), marquees were obtained on loan through the kind offices of the Military Authorities; these provided shelter for between seventy-five and 100 patients. Atmospheric conditions in these marquees at the height of the summer and in the heavy rains are far from ideal and there is a constant danger of such structures succumbing to the force of typhoons; consequently, it is hoped to replace them by more permanent buildings

in 1939.

206. The shortage of hospital facilities gave rise to deep anxiety and the Governor appointed a committee under the chairmanship of the writer of this Report to advise as to the actual needs and how best they might be filled. The committee met on eleven occasions during the year to receive evidence and to collect and collate data. It had not completed its deliberations by the end of the year, but its findings should be available during the summer of 1939.

M 37

1. Queen Mary Hospital.

207. The year 1938 was the first complete calendar year in the history of the Queen Mary Hospital which, it will be recalled, was opened on the 1st of June, 1937.

Many had doubted whether the hospital would be patronised by the general public owing to its comparative isolation from the centre of the city. The record of the year's work has proved these doubts to be without foundation. Far from being "unpopular", the reverse has been the case as demonstrated by the fact that the number of admissions totalled 10,819 in 1938 which is actually double the number for the former Government Civil Hospital during the latter years of its existence.

208. The number of in-patients remaining in hospital at the end of December, 1937, amounted to 307 and this had increased to 405 by the end of December, 1938.

209. The wards assigned for traumatic surgical cases were invariably full during the year under review; in fact, extra beds have had to be introduced on a permanent basis into these wards.

210. Two wards of twenty beds in each were opened for the treatment of those cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in which the prognosis was reasonably favourable to justify elaborate therapeutic measures as, for example, collapse therapy. Some 170 of the 546 beds have been allotted to the three University professorial units and the reports of the Clinical Professors are included in

'Section IX, Scientific.'

66

211. Reference has been made elsewhere in this Report to the fly-menace from the Dairy Farm and to the fly-proofing of kitchens and infectious diseases wards.

212. Other changes included the purchase of a deep X-ray therapy apparatus at a cost of £5,500 and the provision of poison cupboards for dangerous drugs in all duty rooms (with still more rigid regulations regarding the custody and use of such drugs) following upon a particularly unfortunate fatality in which a small boy succumbed to the effects of atropine poisoning.

Permission has been obtained to increase the staff of European assistant apothecaries and one will be in permanent residence at the hospital in future to supervise all dispensing --and especially the preparation of solutions of dangerous drugs.

213. Further details of the activities of the hospital are recorded in Tables XVI and XVII. Attention is invited to the low mortality in maternity cases, which, of course, include many abnormal labours.

In-patients.

General

Table XVI.

10,117

Maternity

Total

Daily average

Chinese

702

10,819

362

7,477

European

1,219

Indian

1,260

Russian

44

Other nationalities

117

Treated by Government Officers

8,677

M 38

Treated by University Staff:-

Medical

Surgical Gynaecological

Nationality of maternity cases:-

562

450

428

British

75

Chinese

571

Indian

41

Japanese

2

Portuguese

8

Russian

2

Other nationalities

3

Operations:-

By Government Officers

1,269

University Staff

1,162

Total

2,431

Deaths:-

General in-patients

Maternity cases

686

3

Total

689

30

Stillbirths

Mortality rates per thousand.

General in-patients

Maternity cases

Combined

67.8

4.0

63.7

214. The number of in-patients dealt with in Government Hospitals on the Island amounted to 10,819 as compared with 8,728 in 1937. The daily average rose from 253 in 1937 to 362 in 1938. Further details are contained in Table XVII given below.

Table XVII,

OUT-PATIENTS (NEW CASES).

Govt. Civil Hospital

Queen

Total

Mary

Govt. Civil

Queen's

in

Hospital

Hospital & C. Block

Road

1938

Clinics

General

Medical (University). Unit Surgical (University) Unit

Gynaecological (University) Unit

Eye Clinic (Government)

Venereal Diseases (Government)

2,554

42,021

44,575

2,501

2,501

4,515

4,515

2,783

2,783

2,517

2,517

1,627

1,627

Total

2,554

42,021

13,943

58,518

M 39

2.

Kowloon Hospital.

215. The Report for 1937 should be consulted for a description of the hospital and its accommodation. A small infectious disease block of six single- bed wards was added at the close of the year. It enables a proportion of the cases of diphtheria, measles, typhoid and other infectious diseases to be nursed separately and away from the general wards. Needless to say, this block is too small to deal with the problem created by the existence of infectious diseases in Kowloon and the New Territories which can only be met by the erection of a large hospital capable of expansion to 500 beds. It is, however, a useful addition.

216. The question of a new general hospital of 500 or more beds for Kowloon received the careful consideration of the committee referred to in paragraph 206 of this Report.

[

217. One of the conclusions reached by this committee was to the effect that there was an urgent demand for general hospital beds on the mainland to meet the needs of the normal population-omitting altogether any question of temporary needs due to the refugee element.

218. Government sanctioned work on the site formation adjoining the existing hospital for the new general hospital pending the completion and approval of plans, and a start was made on preparing the site at the end of the year under review.

219. In-patients during 1938 totalled 3,524 as compared with 3,703 in 1937. This figure comprised 2,509 Chinese, 661 Europeans, seventeen Indians and 337 people of other nationalities. 1,253 operations were performed under general anaesthesia. Deaths among in-patients amounted to 292.

220. The out-patient service has been severely taxed. The number of out- patients seen during the year totalled 94,883, and to this figure must be addcd 743 and 3,536 attending the ear nose and throat and eye clinics respectively, and 51,269 attending the venereal diseases clinic, the grand total for Kowloon Hospital being 105,884.

221. 1,905 patients were treated in the maternity block at Kowloon Hospital, a daily average of twenty-seven for the thirty-four beds. 1,761 women were de- livered normally, three died in childbirth and there were thirty-four stillbirths. The maternal mortality was due in two cases to placenta pracvia and in one to toxaemia.

222. Women of all nationalities were encouraged to attend the ante-natal clinics at Kowloon Hospital, and 4,466 availed themselves of the opportunity of doing so in 1938.

223. The average cost per patient per day, taking everything into accourt, was $0.81 as compared with $1.04 in 1937.

(a) Anaesthetics.

224. A full-time Government anaesthetist is employed and the number of anaesthetics given by this officer and by other Government medical officers, and the methods used are given in the following table:-

M 40

Table XVIII.

Queen Mary

Kowloon

Total

Hospital

Hospital

Chloroform

16

18

34

Ether alone or+ethyl chloride

811

486

1,297

Ether+evipan induction

99

120

219

Nitrous oxide + oxygen

47

46

93

Spinal

237

237

Evipan

501

552

1,053

Other methods (including local)

195

31

226

225. Ether is still the most commonly used anaesthetic in the Colony, and evipan takes second place. Spinal anaesthesia continues to be used with success, and the method proves of great value. Nitrous oxide cannot be used in routine practice as its cost is prohibitive.

226.

b) Radiology, Electro-therapeutics and Massage.

The staff remained the same as in 1937, but the effective X-ray staff was reduced by home leave to three persons. The remarkable increase in the activities of this sub-department commented on in last year's report has continued throughout 1938. Data for the last five years are given in Table XIX.

Table XIX.

1934 1935

1936 1937 1938

Massage, electrical treatment

12,947 18,077

18,077 10,465 | 11,775 19,680

Radiological examination

3,991

4,897

5,511

6,690 9,703

Films exposed

8,208

8,577

9,193 12,784 | 15,272

227. The Queen Mary Hospital was completely equipped for modern diagnostic examinations during the year, and the machine designed for the operating theatres was installed in October.

228. During the earlier months of the year, twenty-one gynaecological and sixtcen surgical cases were treated with radium (442 milligrammes) generously loaned to the department by the Trustees of the Granville Sharp's Estate and varying quantities were lent to twenty-one private practitioners. The Trustees de- cided to recall all but fifty milligrammes of this loan in May, 1938, allowing the department to retain this temporarily pending the purchase and repacking in tubes of 7.5 milligrammes of a like amount by Government. After the recall of the loan it was only possible to give palliative treatment to nine surgical cases.

229. Unfortunately, the price of radium rose from about £4. 10. 0. per milligramme to nearly £7 towards the end of the year as the result of the very considerable purchases made by the British Government. In consequence, the department will possess rather less than fifty milligrammes until funds can be released for further purchases.

- M 41

230. It is hoped eventually to build up a reserve of 150-200 milligrammes when the price returns to what has been regarded in more recent years as normal, that is to say, about £4 per milligramme, and in the meantime to exploit as far as possible the new deep X-ray therapy apparatus obtained at a cost of about £5,500 in 1938.

3. Tsan Yuk Maternity Hospital.

231. The Tsan Yuk Hospital is maintained as a maternity hospital and can take sixty cases. The subjoined table gives the record for 1938.

In-patients.

Remaining at end of 1937

Admissions in 1938

Total treated

Maternity cases

Deliveries

Maternal deaths

Table XX.

Maternal death-rate per 1,000 live births

Infant deaths

Still-births

Out-patients.

Antc-natal

Infant welfare

Total

49

2,400

2,449

2,096

2,272

10

4.4

88

82

New

Return

Total

cases

visits

attendances

575

1,346

489

1,064

1,783

3,129

1,921

2,272

4,193

4. The Infectious Diseases Hospital.

232. The building which was originally designed as a police station is scheduled to accommodate forty-two beds in six wards. The premises are unsuited for hospital wards, and the provision made for infectious diseases proved insufficient during the year under review.

233. Another important addition to hospital accommodation was made at the height of the smallpox epidemic when bed-space in the existing Infectious Diseases Hospital became quite inadequate to meet demands. Three fly-proofed wards having a capacity of forty-five to sixty beds and with the necessary offices were built in the record time of nine days under the supervision of the Public Works Department. They proved particularly useful.

234. During 1938, 848 cases of smallpox, 248 cases of cholera, 142 cases of meningitis, eight cases of chickenpox and thirteen cases of measles were treated in the Infectious Diseases Hospital. In August, owing to their large number, cholera cases were transferred to the special cholera hospital at Lai Chi Kok which has been referred to in a previous section, and were only brought back to Kennedy Town in November when the epidemic was abating.

M 42

235. With the approval of Government plans for a new 300-bed infectious diseases hospital to be erected on the Kowloon Medical Centre were drawn up during the year and there is every hope that they will meet with approval in time to enable the buildings to be opened for use in 1941.

5. Social Hygiene Centres.

236. During 1938, work was carried on at the four Government social hygiene centres, and subsidiary clinics were also maintained at Taipo and Un Long for the treatment of these diseases. The attached tables give some idea of the extent to which the public makes use of these facilities.

Table XXI.

NEW CASES TREATED IN 1938.

Chinese

European

Indian

Others

Total

M. F.

M. F. M. F. M. F.

M.

F.

Queen's Road (old Government Civil

Hospital)

1,081

544

2

1,083

544

Violet Peel Health

Centre

1,199

726 266

1

125

5 12

1,602

732

Kowloon Docks

(Tsimshatsui)

1,899

473 269

88

32

2,288

473

Kowloon Hospital

368

787

3

2

3

374

789

..

Taipo Centre

15

1

4

19

1

Un Long Centre

10

3

دن

3

13

3

Total

4,572 2,534. 540 3 223 5 44

5,379 2,542

Table XXII.

NUMBER OF ATTENDANCES IN 1938.

Chinese European

Indian

Others

Total

M.

F. M. F.

M. F. M. F.

M.

F.

Queen's Road (old Government Civil Hospital)

4,838 2,211

2

4,840 2,211

Violet Peel Health

Centre

5,371 4,4921,245

9 1,773 32 86

8,475 4,533

Kowloon Docks

(Tsimshatsui)

8,075 2,160 1,244

Kowloon Hospital

1,758 3,371 72 14

1,489 4 97

20 3

11,405 2,164

1,850 3,388

Taipo Centre

82

46

196

278

46

Un Long Centre

15

7

39

54

7

Total

20,139 12,287 3,063 23 3,517 39 183

26,902 12,349

- M 43

-

237. Provision is made at the Queen Mary Hospital for the treatment of male cases of venereal disease, twenty beds being allotted to Asiatics and four to Europeans. Full use was made of these beds during the year under review.

238. 14,913 injections of organic arsenic and 411 injections of bismuth preparations were given to out-patients.

239. The health officer, Social Hygiene, and his assistants examined 4,941 smears for gonococci and took 12,062 specimens of blood for the Wassermann reaction. No special provision has yet been possible for the in-patient treatment of females suffering from venereal disease. There is urgent need of beds for this purpose and it is hoped that it will be possible to provide accommodation for some of these patients during the current year.

240.

6. Dispensaries and Health Activities in the New Territories.

Some general information al out the New Territories will be found in last year's Report.

241. An important step forward was taken during 1938 in regard to the health conditions of the New Territories. Hitherto, no legislative provision had existed affording powers to the health authorities to take action for the prevention and abatement of nuisances, the inspection of premises, the detection and isolation of cases of dangerous infectious disease, and a multitude of other public health activities. In point of fact, the only powers that did obtain related to coolie lines and anti-malarial obligations on the part of employers of labour.

242. Certain sections of the Public Health (Sanitation), Quarantine and Prevention of Diseases, and Buildings Ordinances were extended to the New Territories and approval was given by Government for the appointment of a skeleton cadre of three Chinese sanitary inspectors, three sanitary foremen and of a small body of labourers to initiate health schemes in the towns and villages in these areas.

243. Emphasis will, of course, be laid upon public health propaganda and legislative sanctions will only be employed when educational methods have failed.

244. Special problems arose during the year as the result of the advent of many tens of thousands of refugees from across the frontier. Steps had to be taken to persuade such persons to return to their homes once safety was assured or to enter camps built by Government where they could receive food, shelter, medical and welfare services.

245. Chaotic and grossly insanitary conditions came into being in and around villages and on open ground from the uncontrolled erection of rice straw hovels by the refugees. These had to be gradually eliminated. The task of cleaning up was hindered by a number of would-be charitable organisations who distributed food indiscriminately to such an extent that some persons received four meals a day whilst others received none.

246. A meeting was held early in December (after the last border incident during 1938), presided over by the colonial secretary, at which representatives of all the more important charitable bodies had the Government policy explained to them, and at which it was suggested that each organisation or group should be responsible for a defined sphere preferably just over the Chinese border-in order to attract refugees back to their farms and villages. Thereafter, the task of the health authorities in cleaning up the very unhealthy conditions that had supervened, was considerably lightened, and the result was reflected in a diminution in the sickness ratio.

247. A description of the medical services provided in the New Territories will be found in last year's Report.

M 44

248. The additional work which had to be undertaken in connection with the refugees will be found outlined in the section of this Report entitled "Refugee relief in 1938.”

Table XXIII.

Ho Tung | Sai Kung Welfare Dispen-

Tại O Dispen-

Taipo Dispen-

Un Long Travelling Ruttonjee Dispen- Dispen- Dispen-

Total

Centre

sary

sary

sary

sary

sary

sary

New cases

4,503

2,605

2,513

13,463

7,534 8,862

994

40,474

Old cases

4,760

4,190

2,055

19,444

6,350

3,414

2,591

42,804

Maternity cases

196

116

89

*112

229

24

1,119

+353

Malarial cases

381

746

258

1.756

849

1,479

52

5,521

Vaccinations

2,371

1,474

972

5,317

4,996

2,791

398

18,319

Cholera

inoculation

508

1,185

637

238

2,568

Total

* on district.

12,211 9,131 6,395 40,445 21,148 17,183 4,297 118,050

in dispensary.

249. The director of the St. John Ambulance has furnished the following details of the activities of the Brigade during the year. A total of 408,098 vac- cinations were carried out by members of the Brigade, 51,305 of those vaccinated being children of 5 or under. 387,425 people were vaccinated at street centres in Hong Kong itself and 20,673 in the New Territories.

7. Chinese Hospitals and Dispensaries.

250. There are three principal Chinese hospitals in Hong Kong grouped under a charitable organisation called the Tung Wah Committee. Two are to be found on the Island, the Tung Wah Hospital built in 1873, and the Tang Wah Eastern Hospital, a much more modern institution dating from 1929. The third, the Kwong Wah Hospital, is situated in Kowloon on the mainland.

These hospitals combine the functions of the poor law infirmaries which existed in London and elsewhere until recently, hospitals and alms houses; that is to say, they serve as shelters for the old and the destitute and they also treat the sick. They function, in addition, as mortuaries to which the public send their dead. Those who come to them because of illness are allowed to choose whether they will have Chinese herbalist treatment or Western treatment, and herbalists attend each day to provide Chinese treatment for those who want it.

The only qualification to this statement lies in the fact that the Government Medical De- partment has succeeded (after encountering very considerable opposition) in getting the Chinese directors of the hospitals to agree that all cases of notifiable infectious diseases (including cholera, smallpox, cerebro-spinal meningitis, etc.) shall be treated in Western isolation wards by properly qualified medical practi- tioners and that accidents having medico-legal importance should be similarly

treated.

251. This agreement constitutes one of the very real achievements of the Medical Committee, Tung Wah Hospitals, appointed by the Governor at the end of 1938 under the chairmanship of the writer of this Report to act as the executive in all medical matters affecting the hospitals in question.

252. To make the point clearer, it might be well to emphasise the fact that the herbalist "doctors" referred to have had no systematic training, have no belief in orthodox medicine and, with few exceptions, would be classified as quacks elsewhere. Generally speaking, their activities are such as to be a definite obstacle in the administration of the hospitals. They are tolerated still as a concession to ancient custom (and vested interests) in spite of the firm attitude taken by the Chinese National Government itself just before the present hostilities broke out in refusing to recognise so-called Eastern "medicine".

M 45

253. Lest the writer should be misunderstood, it might be well to make it clear that it is fully appreciated that Chinese medicine has made several particularly valuable contributions towards the relief of pain and suffering. Unfortunately, however, it is bound up with a vast proportion of sheer quackery.

254. The trend in the Chinese hospitals in Hong Kong is definitely towards the acceptance by a discerning public of Western rather than Eastern medicine. This is typified in the increasing number of even poor, illiterate persons who are willing to receive treatment from properly registered medical practitioners instead of from herbalists.

255. About C00 out-patients attend each day at the Tung Wah and Kwong Wah Hospitals and half that number at the Tung Wah Eastern Hospital.

256. The Tung Wah possesses 472 beds, the Tung Wah Eastern 270 and the Kwong Wah 352 making 1,094 in all three hospitals.

257. The only one not grossly overcrowded is the Tung Wah Eastern. In the other two many of the wards contain more than double the number of patients they were originally meant to hold, and it is necessary for the medical staff to pick their way carefully over prostrate forms. In many cases, it is actually difficult to approach the patient lying on his bed, such conditions militating against proper examination of cases.

258. At one time during the year under review the writer encountered sixty-six puerperal women sharing forty beds. This extremely undesirable feature could only be dealt with by bringing pressure to bear on the Chinese directors to limit admissions to the lying-in wards to the extent of one patient per bed.

259. In another instance the writer found nineteen aged and sick women. sharing seven beds in a small room that could hardly be designated as being a

ward.

260. In yet a third case the writer encountered sixty-one patients in a ward equipped with and large enough for welve beds, the majority of the patients lying on the floor.

261. These instances are given, not in a critical spirit against the Chinese directors who have been solely responsible for the administration of the hospitals and who have had an extremely dancur situation to cope with, but to indicate the wisdom shown by Government in appointing in 1938 a Hospital Committee to advise on the needs of the situation and, with the consent of the Chinese directors of the hospitals, a medical committee o. mixed Government medical officers and the Chinese principal directors to act as the executive body for this group of hospitals.

262. Little by little and with the willing cooperation of all concerned, it should be possible to remove this blot of public life and to provide reasonable hospital facilities for the sick poor of these territories.

263. A whole book could be written upon the subject of the Chinese hospitals in Hong Kong, but it is desirable to preserve a reasonable balance in this Report and it might be as well to end this section on a hopeful note that better times are coming for the mass of sick and needy.

264. Further details as to admissions, discharges, deaths, diseases, etc., are included in the appendix to this Report. It must be remembered that while at least a third of all in-patients in the Chinese hospitals are treated by herbalist "doctors", it would be unwise to attach much importance to the list of diseases treated.

265. The nine Chinese public dispensaries which work in the Island and Kowloon give Western medical treatment only. Their history and their functions. have been chronicled in earlier reports, and only an outline of their work during 1938 is given in the appended tables.

266. 52,920 vaccinations against smallpox and 24.552 inoculations against cholera were given during the year at the Chinese hospitals.

Table XXIV.

SUMMARY OF WORK DONE IN THE CHINESE PUBLIC DISPENSARIES DURING 1938.

£

M 46

Patients

Dispensaries

New

Old

Certificates

of cause of death issued

Patients

sent to

hospital

cases

cases

Patients

removed to

hosp. by ambulance

Corpses removed to

Dead infants

hosp. or

brought to Vaccinations dispensary

New

Gynaecological

cases

Old

mortuary

cases

cases

Central

32,958 28,962

39

1

27

40

14,113

331

557

Eastern

22,176 30,466

4

3

5

50

305

13,454

578

988

Western

28,826 13,770

90

CO

9

22

- 15

419

12,555

Shaukiwan

32,309 54,620

19

52

1

380

16,081

929

1,699

Aberdeen

11,327

10,407

85

1

5,302

358

333

Harbour &

Yaumati

61,428 47,332

31

104

11

170

30,053

1,425

1,835

Shamshuipo

45,417 36,338

· 13

48

11

27

372

38,015

978

1,660

Hung Hom

17,917

6,975

61

145

1

15

245

12,567

451

533

Kowloon City

23,065

22,037

47

136

33

311

17,065

633

1,035

Total for 1938

275,423 250,907

265

624

49

178

2,242

159,205

5,683

8,640

Total for 1937

264,589 238,527

322

837

66

858

2,067

61,693

5,256

8,370

Table XXV.

WORK DONE IN GYNAECOLOGICAL CLINICS OF CHINESE PUBLIC DISPENSARIES IN 1938.

Average attendance per day

M 47

No. of clinics

Total number

New cases

Old cases

Dispensary

New

Old

1937

1938

1937

1938

1937

1938

1937

1938

1937

1938

Central

50

47

1,059

888

389

331

670

557

21

18.9

Eastern

43

44

1,353

1,584

503

591

850

993

31

36.0

Shaukiwan

98

96

2,252

2,628

861

929

1,391

1,699

23

27.3

Aberdeen

51

45

653

688

303

355

350

333

13

15.3

Yaumati

100

96

3,156

3,263

1,233

1,425

1,923

1,838

32

Shamshuipo

91

94

2,538

2,525

962

959

1,576

1,566

22288

34.0

27.0

Hung Hom

48

48

895

963

418

430

477

533

19

20.6

Kowloon City

49

50

1,720

1,651

587

616

1,133

1,055

35

33.0

Kwong Wah

Hospital

47

47

1,191

1,368

450

497

741

871

25

29.1

Total

577

567

14,817

15,558

5,706

6,133

9,111

9,425

26

27.4

M 48

Table XXVI.

In-patients.

Tung Wah

Tung Wah

(Eastern)

Kwong Wah

Totals

Chinese treatment

5,695

2,055

4,745

12,495

Western treatment

.... 13,006

6,137

17,319

36,862

Combined

18,701

8,192

22,464

49,357

Operations

1,223

699

236

2,158

Deaths in hospital

4,398

2,347

6,890

13,635

Brought in dead

1,155

670

1,966

3,791

Death-rate per 1,000 in-patients

229

236

300

275

Out-patients.

Chinese treatment

.211,438

91,700

216,321

519,459

Western treatment

22,255

22,889

32,622

77,766

Combined

.233,693

114,539

248,943

597,225

Eye clinic

15,239

960

3,148

19,347

Baby clinic

1,387

503

1,890

Ante-natal clinic

559

559

Anti-smallpox vaccinations...... 31,796

13,939

7,185

52,920

8. Leper Settlement.

267. The steps taken during the year to deal with the leper problem 111 Hong Kong have been described earlier in this report. It is to be feared that the plans which had been made to enable lepers to be transferred to Sheklung will have to be postponed owing to the Japanese occupation of the Sheklung district.

268. 271 lepers were admitted to the former Tung Wah Infectious Diseases Hospital during the year. These premises were taken over from the Tung Wal Committee towards the end of 1938, the sum of $50,000 being paid in compensa- tion.

269. They are dangerous and dilapidated and their early demolition is being strongly advocated before there is actual loss of life or injury. This should be practicable as soon as a new infectious diseases hospital has been built, since this will release for leper patients the premises used at present for infectious fevers.

270. In order to secure some degree of control over the inmates who came and went at will, committed theft, assaults, and so on, but were not detained in prison, steps were taken during the year to formally declare the premises a leper settlement.

271. This provided the medical authorities with power to detain lepers ad- mitted to the settlement and to prevent them from going out into the streets and markets.

272.

M. 49

Plans were also approved by Government for the provision of cells for leper convicts at Hong Kong Prison. This will do away with the highly unsatisfactory system prevailing at the moment whereby a leper is convicted for theft or attempted murder, sent to prison, released from prison immediately and transferred to the leper settlement from which he escapes without difficulty to repeat once more the felony or misdemeanour for which he was originally sent to prison, and so on any number of times!

273. The following table shows the fate of the lepers admitted during 1938:--

Table XXVII.

Discharged

Transferred to Sheklung

Discharged at own request

Escaped

Died

Remaining at end of 1938

72

2223

20

91

17

133

333

VII. PRISONS AND MENTAL HOSPITAL.

1. Prisons.

274. Hong Kong Prison at Stanley, the main prison in the Colony, has cell accommodation for 1,612 males. The female prison at Lai Chi Kok, on the mainland has accommodation for 100.

275. The total number of admissions to all prisons during 1938 was 15,046, of whom 13,045* were males and 2,001*2 females.

276. The prison at Stanley possesses a hospital with fifty-seven beds, six cells for isolation cases and one padded cell. Lai Chi Kok Gaol has nine beds for sick prisoners. Special wards are also available in the Queen Mary and Kowloon Hospitals.

277. The total admissions to the prison hospital during the year were 1,797, the daily average of hospital patients being forty-six.

There were seventy-three deaths in 1938 among male prisoners and one among the females. Seventeen cases were transferred from Stanley during the year, eight to the Queen Mary Hospital, four to the Mental Hospital and five to the Infectious Diseases. Hospital, the last suffering from smallpox. Thirty-six cases were sent to the Queen Mary Hospital for X-ray, only one of whom was detained for treatment for an intracapsular fracture of the femur. Ten prisoners were released on medical grounds, all being lepers.

278. Nine cases were transferred from Lai Chi Kok Prison to Kowloon Hospital and one to the Queen Mary Hospital. Of these cases three died. Four female prisoners were released on medical grounds, three being lepers and one suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis. There were eight normal labours during the year, as compared with fifteen in 1937.

*1 and *2. Rather over 42,000 and 5,000 respectively in prisons in England and Wales in 1937.

M 50

279. All prisoners admitted during the year were inoculated against cholera and 12,378 were vaccinated against smallpox. Prisoners who showed signs of recent vaccination on admission and had only short sentences to serve were not vaccinated on admission.

280. The causes of death among male prisoners are shown in the subjoined table.

281. A disquieting feature associated with the Hong Kong Prison lies in the fact that, whilst cell accommodation was only 1,612 almost twice this number of prisoners had to be incarcerated at one time. With tuberculosis such a serious problem in these territories, this is a regrettable state of affairs. Government is fully alive to the situation and schemes are under consideration for the construction of detention camps in the New Territories, where short sentence prisoners (most of whom are the victims of economic conditions, as, for example, unlicensed hawkers and wood stealers) will be housed and given useful occupation.

Table XXVIII.

Chronic nephritis

Fibro-sarcoma of lung

Chronic pulmonary tuberculosis

Acute encephalitis

Strangulated hernia

Acute pulmonary tuberculosis

Tubercular enteritis

•

Generalized pulmonary tuberculosis

Bacillary dysentery

Septicaemia

Cerebral haemorrhage

Bronchiectasis

Meningitis (pneumococcal)

Myocarditis

Fatty degeneration of heart

Pulmonary infarction

Apical pneumonia

Lobar pneumonia

Chronic appendicitis

Cirrhosis of liver

Acute nephritis

Senility

...

No. of cases.

1

1

17

1

1

3

6

7

:

2

2

...

...

4

:

•

1

1

8

1

1

1

3.

1

2

1

...

2

N Q

2

1

1

1

73

Acute cardiac failure

Carcinoma

"Myelitis of the cord"

Secondary anaemia

Prison.

M 51

Table XXIX.

Total prisoners admitted.

Daily average

number of

inmates.

Total admissions to hospitals.

Daily average No. of prisoners

to hospital.

Total

out-patients.

Daily average number of

Death-rate, i.e. No. of deaths to total

out-patients.

Deaths.

admissions to prison.

H.K. Prison, Stanley 13,045 2,342 1,797 46.47 12,651 34.66 73 0.562

Lai Chi Kok (female) 2,001| 214 233 5.47 233 2.87

1 .0011

282. There are in Hong Kong, in addition to the prisons, two remand homes, one for boys and one for girls. The home for boys admitted 1,109 during the year, and 85 remained in at the end of 1938. The home is visited by a medical officer once weekly and the general standard of health was good throughout the year. 420 of the boys were inoculated against cholera and 720 vaccinated against smallpox. The commonest complaint treated in the remand home was scabies. The home for girls accommodated 311 inmates during the year. The home was visited whenever necessary by a Government lady medical officer.

2. Mental Hospital.

283. The Mental Hospital became an independent unit after the former Government Civil Hospital was closed in 1937.

284. The building was originally intended to give temporary accommoda- tion to patients awaiting transfer to Canton, if Chinese, or to Europe or other countries if of other nationalities. Unfortunately, the Sino-Japanese conflict has greatly increased the number of admissions into the Mental Hospital, and as it has been impossible to transfer patients to Canton since its capture by the Japanese in October, 1938, the hospital has been seriously overcrowded.

285. Designed in the first place to accommodate thirty-two patients the building has on several occasions during 1938 had to house over 100 patients. The figures which are given here in tabular form illustrate the position more clearly than any words can do.

Table XXX.

Scheduled to accommodate

Maximum number accommodated

Male European Ward

7

19

Female European Ward

7

18

Male Chinese Ward

9

61

Female Chinese Ward

9

27

M:52

286. The numbers in the first column showing the ward capacities are taken from the Report for 1935.

287. The daily average number of patients was 83 during the year under review, and the overcrowding was at its worst during the last three months of the year. This is to be accounted for by the fact that during the latter part of the year many villages were bombed from the air and many hundreds of unarmed civilians were machine gunned as they fled from their homes. Such action inevitably leaves a trail of mental disease behind and it must be stressed that sixty-five of the year's admissions gave a history which directly linked the onset of their disease to the Sino-Japanese "Incident".

288. The overcrowding which is a constant feature in the Mental Hospital does not make the treatment of war psychoses easy, and, in fact, treatment of any sort becomes very difficult in a ward holding more than six times the number of patients it was built for. The necessity for a new and properly equipped Mental Hospital becomes more pressing day by day but must take its turn with other even more urgent hospital needs.

289. In the meantime, Government has sanctioned the conversion of part of the staff quarters attached to the former Government Civil Hospital into wards suitable for the quieter type of mental patient. This will be a welcome addition and will relieve, at least temporarily, the worst of the overcrowding in the existing Mental Hospital.

290. It is to be fervently hoped that China will soon enjoy peace again, so that the normal procedure can be followed once more of transferring Chinese nationals sufiering from mental disease to the Mental Hospital at Canton.

291. The attached table gives a rough classification of the conditions for which patients were admitted and treated during the year. A glance at the group entitled "General Diseases" indicates some of the difficulties with which the authorities of the Mental Hospital have to deal-particularly as no ac- commodation is available under the present overcrowded conditions for the observation of suspects sent in by the Police, private practitioners, the staff of the Chinese hospitals, and others. Such cases included patients who were eventually found to be suffering from widely differing conditions as cerebral abscess, cerebro-spinal meningitis, lobar pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, sinus thrombosis, smallpox and typhoid fever.

Remaining from 1937

Admitted during 1938

Total

Table XXXI.

56

424

480

Discharged-cured

- M 53 -

71

62

183

-relieved

-not improved

52

Transferred to Canton

149

Died

Remaining at end of year

31

115

VIII.-METEOROLOGY.

292. Some notes on the climate of Hong Kong will be found in the Report of 1937. During 1938, the highest monthly average temperature-89.0°- recorded in June and the lowest-55.7°-in February; the lowest absolute minimum 46.5° being registered in March. July was the wettest month with 12.2 inches of rain and from May to October 41.8 out of the total of 55.3 inches. of rain fell. The relative humidity was highest in March when it rose to 85 and lowest in November with 67. The appended table gives further details:-

1

Table XXXII.

THE FOLLOWING TABLE GIVES THE MEANS, TOTALS OR EXTREMES OF THE METEOROLOGICAL DATA FOR THE SEVERAL MONTHS OF THE YEAR 1938.

M 54 -

Month

Barometer

at M.S.L.

Temperature

Humidity

Wind

Cloudi-

Absolute Mean

Mean

Mean

max

max

Mean Absolute

min

ness

Sun-

shine

Rain

p.c.

Abs.

Direction Velocity

min

C

inches

F

°F

"F

F

°F

Rel.

inches

p.c.

hours

inches

Points Miles p.h.

January

30.20

76.8

65.7

60.2

56.7

48.2

77

0.41

72

133.0

0.355

E/N 11.9

February

30.10

77.6

63.3

58.8

55.7

50.1

80

0.40

69

104.2

4.685

E/N

13.2

March

30.02

82.7

68.0

63.0

59.5

46.5

85

0.50

3

$7

83.4

5.745

E/N

13.6

April

29.95

85.9

77.7

72.0

68.1

77.7

80%

0.63

54

204.7

1.855

E

11.1

May

29.86

88.5

83.5

78.5

75.1

67.1

84

0.82

77

162.3

8.705

E/S

10.2

June

29.79

93.6

89.0

83.8

80.2

77.0

80

0.92

60

260.8

2.990

S/E

7.7

July

29.77

94.0

87.4

82.3

79.0

76.4

83

0.91

71

204.6

12.235

SE/S

9.6

August

29.73

90.4

87.1

81.9

78.5

75.9

$4

0.91

77

158.1

7.885

SSW

6.7

September

29.83

90.7

86.3

81.6

78.5

75.0

80

0.86

70

157.1

4.265

E/N

11.5

October

29.94

88.5

82.7

77.8

73.9

66.0

76

0.73

49

233.5

6.095

E/N

8.6

November

30.11

80.5

74.2

69.4

65.7

56.9

67

0.49

60

157.0

0.530

NE/E 9.5

December

30.12

78.2

69.5

64.7

60.9

51.1

76

0.47

72

123.7 0.010

E/NE 8.8

Mean total

29.95

94.0

77.9

72.8

69.3

46.5

79

0.67

68

1,982.4

55.355

E

10.2

or extreme

IX.

- M 55

SCIENTIFIC.

A. Annual Report of the Government Bacteriological Institute.

(1) Introductory.

293. Administrative.--There is nothing to record under this heading for the current year.

294. Buildings and equipment.-(a) The only alteration to the existing buildings was the addition of another stall in the stable for the accommodation of an extra pony, which we hope to obtain in the near future.

(b) No addition to the permanent equipment was made during the year.

295. Library.-The following book was added to the library:---

"Mallory's Pathological Technique", By F. B. Mallory, 1938.

296. General. The resources of our staff were strained to the utmost this year by the occurrence of a smallpox epidemic of fair proportions during the first months of the year, and a small cholera epidemic in the summer. The necessity for the production of large quantities of prophylactic preparations became urgent; nevertheless, in spite of difficulties all demands for lymph and vaccine were met. In addition to the work involved in this branch of activity, the general diagnostic service of the Institute proceeded with unabated intensity, and the volume recorded is, as in former years, greater than ever. It was found necessary to abandon one or two procedures which had been added to our routine in order to economise on the time of the staff, as well as our materials. This has meant the abandonment of clot culture for typhoid and a reversion to the use of a single medium for diphtheria diagnosis instead of the use of two different media. Permission has been obtained from Government for the addition of two more officers to our staff in 1939; this should enable us to organize our work on a somewhat more efficient basis than heretofore.

(2) Protozoology and Helminthology.

297. Blood films for malaria.-Eight thousand seven hundred and sixteen blood films were examined for the parasites of malaria. Three thousand four hundred and fifty contained parasites. The type classification is shown in the appended table.

BLOODS

EXAMINED FOR MALARIA,

Table XXXIII.

European Indian Chinese

Total

Sub-tertian

Benign-tertian

47

98

1,469

1,614

53

98

1,127

1,278

Quartan

1

137

138

Unclassified

18

54

282

354

Multiple infection

3

3

60

66

Negative

551

336

4,379

5,266

Grand total

672

590

7,454

8,716

298. Filaria. Thirteen films were examined for filarial embryos and seven

positives found. The infecting parasite was M. bancrofti in every instance.

M 56-

299. Faeces.-Three thousand six hundred and thirty-two stools were searched for parasites and the presence or absence of the typical cytological picture of bacillary dysentery. The figures shown in the table are interesting as com- pared with those of the previous year. Firstly, the number of positive findings is nearly three times as great. Secondly, the number of multiple infestations is similarly greatly in excess; and, finally, the number of infestations with entamoeba histolytica is similarly increased. The latter parasite can no longer be considered a rarity in Hong Kong.

EXAMINATION OF STOOLS FOR INTESTINAL PARASITES.

Table XXXIV.

European

Indian Chinese

Total

Ascaris

38

16

241

295

Clonorchis

6

237

243

Trichuris

19

10

5

112

Ankylostoma

5

19

87

111

Enterobius

4

1

5

E. histolytica

11

40

51

Fasciolopsis

11

11

Multiple infestation

4

9

231

244

Negative

530

105

1,925

2,560

Grand total

617

154

2,861

3,632

(3) Serology.

300. The Kahn reaction.-Seventeen thousand one hundred and eleven sera were tested. The results are shown in the table.

EXAMINATION OF BLOOD SERA FOR SYPHILIS.

Table XXXV.

European

Indian

Chinese

Total

M.

F.

M.

F.

M.

F.

Strong positive

33

1

61

1

1,685

790

2,571

Positive

14

27

1

661

348

1,051

Weak positive

13

16

428

210

667

Doubtful

7

2

13

405

202

630

Negative

507

48 574

7

6,466

4,590 12,192

Grand total

574

51 691

10

9,645 6,140 17,111

301. Agglutination tests. Two thousand one hundred and nine sera were examined for the presence of agglutinins against various organisms. Five hundred and nineteen were positive for one or other of the enteric group.

Organisms.

Pos.

AGGLUTINATION TESTS.

Table XXXVI.

European.

Neg. Doubtful.

Indian.

Chinese.

Total

Pos.

Neg. Doubtful.

Pos.

Neg. Doubtful.

12

88

8

.00

10

5

13

1

413

1,417

58

1

99

8

18

I

1

1,829

58

2,091

3

97

8

18

1

8

1,822

58

Bact. typhosum

Bact. typhosum A.

Bact. typhosum B.

Enteric fever type undetermined

6

B. melitensis

B. abortus

Weil Felix reaction

Total for each race

1

2

2

119

19

70

2

3

Co

2

2

3

6

13

1,971

2,109

M 57

M 58-

(4) Bacteriological Examinations.

302. Faeces.---Four thousand one hundred and thirty nine stools were cultured for pathogenic organisms. A good proportion of these were from cholera cases or suspects.

STOOLS EXAMINED FOR ORGANISMS,

Table XXXVII.

European

Indian

Chinese

Organisms.

Total

Pos. Neg.

Pos. Neg. Pos. Neg.

Bact. typhosum

2

5

3

153

163

dysenteriae

B. dysenteriae (group)

Cytology typical of B.

B. dysenteriae (Flexner) 20

341

63

1,439

1,848

27

10

706

743

25

45

B. dysenteriae (Shiga).. 1

1

B. dysenteriae (Schmitz)

2

3

5

V. cholerae

8

34

1

5

557

729

1,334

Grand total

60

380

11

73

1,294

2,321

4,139

303. Sputum:-Eight hundred and twenty-two sputa were examined for the presence of the tubercle bacillus.

SPUTA EXAMINED FOR TUBERCULOSIS.

Positive

Negative

Grand total

Table XXXVIII.

European Indian Chinese

Total

22

6

204

232

91

36

463

590

113

42

667

822

304. Urine: Two hundred and sixty-five cultural examinations were made for infective organisms.

305.

Urethral and cervical smears:-One thousand one hundred and fifteen urethral and cervical smears were examined for the presence of the gonococcus.

306. Nasal and other scrapings for M. leprae: One hundred and seventy- eight examinations were carried out for the detection of this organism. Sixty- three positive results were recorded.

M 59

307. Throat swabs:-One thousand six hundred and twelve throat swabs were cultured for C. diphtheriae. The number of positives is only slightly greater than recorded last year.

THROAT SWABS EXAMINED FOR DIPHTHERIA.

Positive

Negative

Grand total

Table XXXIX.

European Indian Chinese

Total

79

277

356

430

8

818

1,256

509

8

со

1,095

1,612

308. Cerebro-spinal fluid:-One thousand two hundred and eight fluids were examined for the presence of the meningococcus and other pathogenic organisms. While a proportion of these represent repeated examinations, the enormous increase over the previous year's figures is noteworthy.

CEREBRO-SPINAL FLUID EXAMINED FOR MENINGOCOCCI

AND OTHER ORGANISMS.

Meningococcus

Pneumococcus

Negative

Grand total

Table XL.

European Indian Chinese

Total

332

332

36

36

5

10

3

832

840

10

5

3

1,200

1,208

309. Rat spleen smears. Two hundred and fifty-two rat spleens were smeared and stained for P. pestis. No positive findings are recorded.

(5) Clinical Pathological Procedures.

310. Friedmann test for pregnancy.-Thirty-three Friedmann tests were per- formed during the year. The test is evidently becoming a familiar and valuable instrument in the physician's diagnostic armamentarium. In 1937 we recorded only five tests.

311. Urine examinations.-Five hundred and one routine chemical and microscopic examinations of urine were carried out.

312.

Miscellaneous tests:-Three hundred and five tests of a miscellaneous nature were made.

M 60

(6) Preparation of Vaccine Lymph.

313. In the Report of last year reference to the preparation of lymph was made to the effect that this was "much accelerated"; it will be seen that the large amount referred to in 1937 has been more than doubled in the year under review. The amount issued is also more than double that of the previous year.

314. The output of this large amount of lymph involved the issue of freshly prepared or "green" lymph, and this in turn required some special method of treatment in order that the bacterial content should be within the limits im- posed by the "Therapeutic Substances Act". Fortunately, some experimental work on this point had been in progress for the past two years at the Institute and we were able to put our results to practical use at a time when they were badly needed.

315. The method used is briefly as follows:

manner.

The preparation of the lymph is carried to completion in the usual Anaesthetic ether, 2 per centum by volume, is then added, and the container vigorously shaken so as to mix the contents intimately. The lymph is then stored at refrigerator temperature for a period of not less than twelve days or more than two weeks. At the expiration of this time bacteriological and potency tests are carried out as usual. If these tests prove satisfactory, air is bubbled through the lymph for about twenty minutes in order to remove the ether; the lymph is then ready for use.

316. The bacterial colony count will be found invariably to be well within the prescribed limits and the potency quite unimpaired. By the use of this method of purification we were enabled on occasions to issue lymph no older than three weeks with perfectly satisfactory results.

Amount of lymph prepared

Table XLI.

59,562 c.c.

issued

45,194 c.c.

"

""

وو

in stock at end of year

32,845 c.c.

"

وو

,,

No. of buffalo calves scraped for pulp

Total pulp collected

Average per buffalo calf

No. of cow calves scraped

65

13,040 g.

200.6 g.

1

79

""

sheep scraped

Total pulp collected

5

241.0 g.

40.16 g.

Average per sheep or cow calf

317. The small yield obtained from cow-calves and sheep is a point worthy of note. The average yield per buffalo-calf, on the other hand, is a record for this Institute. All other figures given also exceed any previously reported; and it should be emphasized that this enormous quantity of lymph was made and distributed by the same staff and equipment as in previous years.

(7) Preparation of Vaccines and Sera.

318. Antimeningococcus serum.-The issue this year was exceptionally large, 48,780 c.c.; an amount actually in excess of the quantity held in stock at the end of 1937. The amount prepared was 17,900 c.c. It is obvious that the supply will have to be augmented by purchase during the coming year. It is impossible to produce more than we are doing from three ponies and keep them in good health under the unsuitable conditions in which they live.

!

Gonococcus vaccine.-

M 61

319. The total amount issued was 12,280 c.c. made up 98,570 c.c. at 1,000 million per c.c. and 3,710 c.c. at 100 million per c.c.

320. Autogenous vaccines.-Eighteen autogenous vaccines were prepared during the year.

321. Cholera vaccine. The presence of cholera again this year required the production of large quantities of cholera vaccine. This was prepared from strains isolated in the early summer from local cases. A sufficient supply was accumulated to take care of the requirements of next summer. In point of fact, 215,000 c.c. were prepared of which 20,140 were issued.

322. Anti-rabic vaccine. Twelve animal brains were examined for rabies. Only one dog was found to be rabid. The table showing the distribution of the treatments given shows a large increase in the number of treatments completed, a gratifying point.

Table XLII.

Treatment

Nationality

not completed

Treatment completed

Total

American

1

1

Belgian

1

1

British

16

25

41

Chinese

108

55

163

Indian

2

2

Japanese

نسز

1

1

Malayan

1

1.

Outport

9

9

Portuguese

3

3

6

Grand total

130

95

225

2066

Total number of doses issued

(8) Examination of water and milk.

323. Bacteriological analysis of water.-One thousand five hundred and twenty-one samples of water from various sources, chiefly public supplies, were examined.

Table XLIII.

Unfiltered raw water

Filtered raw water

Filtered and chlorinated water from service taps

throughout the Colony

Well water

Water from other than public supplies

Total

1.24

159

1,209

7

22

1,521

324. Bacteriological analysis of milk.-One hundred and thirty-three analyses of milk were performed, chiefly at the instance of the health division.

- M 62

(9) Medico-legal investigations.

325. Eighty-one investigations were carried out on materials furnished by the Police.

The character of the materials was as follows:

blood stains 34, seminal stains 40, miscellaneous 7.

(10) Morbid Histology.

326. Three hundred and eighty-one sections of tissues were prepared and examined histologically. Fifty-two were from malignant growths and fifty-eight from benign. One hundred and fifty seven were of clinical-pathological interest, and the remainder, one hundred and fourteen, were from post-mortem cases.

ANALYSIS OF CLINICAL AND OTHER EXAMINATIONS.

Blood

Urine

Intestinal parasites

Tubercle bacillus

Occult blood

Tissue Sections

Friedmann test for pregnancy

Sputa

Miscellaneous

suoiquiшrxo

Pus

Urine

Smear for gonococcus

M. leprae

Animals for rabies Medico-legal examinations

Bacteriological examination of milk

25

analysis of water

Rideal-Walker test of disinfectants

Autogenous vaccine prepared Miscellaneous

Agglutination

reaction

paratyphosum A

Weil Felix reaction.

B. dysenteriae B. melitensis B. abortus

Serological reaction for syphilis

Blood

Faeces

examinationssmears Cultural

Malaria Filaria

Blood count, etc.

Naso-pharyngeal swabs (C. diphtheriae)

Spinal fluid (Meningococcus)

Table XLIV.

Nature of examination.

Bact. typhosum

"

B

}

Total for 1937.

Total for

1938.

1,539

2,091

4

13

2

3

1

2

16,581

17,111

8,917

8,716

30

13

77

51

1,454

1,612

232

1,208

Faeces (typhosus, paratyphosus, cholera, etc.)

3,758

4,139

1,478

569

136

265

2,407

3,632

28

58

10

14

274

381

5

33

687

822

90

110

293

501

617

1,115

154

178

29

12

SO

81

127

133

1,538

1,521

6

20

18

1,523

302

Total

42,096

44,710

A. V. GREAVES, M.B. (Tor.), M.C.P. & s.,

(Ont.), D.M.T. (Liverpool).

Government Bacteriologist.

M. 63

B. Annual Report of the Malaria Bureau, 1938.

327. Dr. R. B. Jackson, O.B.E. left the Colony prior to retirement on 13th September, and Dr. J. B. Mackie took over his duties.

328. The present report deals entirely with new work done by the Malaria Bureau during the year 1938, and makes no reference to previous research or the extensive routine antimalarial work. These can be found by those interested in the Annual Reports of 1930-1936.

329. Deaths ascribed to malaria were 733, or 1.9 per centum of deaths registered from all causes. The corresponding figures for 1937 were 699 and 2 per centum respectively.

330. Incidence of malaria in the Colony. In areas outside of the control of the Bureau, namely in the New Territories and at the Lyemun Barracks, there was a general increase in malaria above the normal autumnal rise.

This was attributable to:-

(a) a low rainfall resulting in insufficient flushing of the streams,

(b) a slight persistent rainfall well into October insufficient to flush the streams, but enough to keep open seepages and swamps, and

(c) the influx of a large number of refugees from malarious rural dis- tricts in Kwangtung, whose resistence had been lowered by under- nourishment, fatigue, and exposure.

The

331. There was increase in malaria amongst the troops, but this mainly occurred amongst those posted on the frontier during the Japanese invasion of Kwangtung. In the barracks at Lyemun there were a number of cases. Army Authorities have, however, increased the scope of their antimalarial opera- tions, and it is hoped that this will prevent a recurrence in 1939. The Police stationed in the New Territories shared in the general increase in malaria.

332. Disturbance of soil has not been found to be a factor of any great consequence in increasing the number of breeding places of the important anophelines,

333. Night catching was discontinued in 1938, as inspectors previously working in the Laboratory were needed for field work under the expansion of the antimalarial programme. One inspector only was retained in the Laboratory.

334.

No new species were discovered in 1938. Identification of the species found gave the following results:-

A. minimus, A. jeyporiensis var. candidiensis, A. maculatus, A. hyrcanus var. sinensis, A. fluviatilis, A. aitkenii var. bengalensis, A. splendidus, A. karwari and A. vagus.

335. The first two species are responsible for serving as vectors in the major number of cases of malaria that occur.

336. Catching at Pat Heung was discontinued in September, 1938, due to the taking over of the Camp for refugees.

337. It is noteworthy that the catches of adult mosquitos at several stations were found to be far less numerous than those of preceding years owing to preventive work done.

338.

- M 64

Antimalarial measures were carried out in many areas on the Island and mainland during 1938, and particular attention was given to the following amongst other places:-

(a) Work at the Shing Mun Dam was discontinued as the Camp was

closed in 1937.

(b) A new area was opened up in May, 1938, at Lai Chi Kok for the pro- tection of the Prison and the Cholera Hospital. Excellent results have been obtained. Control has been obtained as far as Sham Shui Po Barracks in the East and the Torpedo Boat Range in the West.

(c) Temporary measures formerly carried out by the Royal Air Force and supervised by the Bureau at Kai Tak and Pat Heung were entirely taken over by the Bureau on the 1st of October and the 1st of November.

(d) Extension of work in the existing areas under the control of the Bureau was carried out at North Point, Repulse Bay, Aberdeen, Queen Mary Hospital, Felix Villas, Kowloon Tong, Kai Tak and Lai Chi Kok. In these areas control was obtained over some additional 8,330 yards of stream drainage.

(e) Permanent antimalarial drainage was carried out by the training of 1,603 feet of stream channels at Aberdeen and 5,000 feet at Queen Mary Hospital site. In Kowloon 900 feet of stream training was done and 2,660 feet of subsoil drains were laid.

(f) An experimental flushing tank based on the design of De Villiers was erected at Mount Cameron. This worked admirably with the wet weather flow of water, but more work is needed to determine the suitability of having only one tank on account of the marked seasona! variation of rainfall which occurs in the Colony as compared with Malaya where the rainfall is spread more evenly over the year.

It may prove necessary to have tanks with a different siphonage area for different flows of water.

(g) By the kind co-operation of the commissioner of prisons, prison labour was employed for the first time in Hong Kong outside the prison in training streams in the Stanley area under the supervision of the Malaria Bureau,

339. Mosquito nuisances were investigated at:—

(a) Barker Road, (b) Mount Cameron Road, (c) The Peak, (d) May Road, (e) Mount Davis, (f) Middle Island, (g) South Bay Island, (h) Cape Collinson, (i) Coombe Road, (j) Ming Yuen, (k) Prince Edward Road, (1) Kadoorie Avenue, (m) Cornwall Street, (n) Kent Road, (o) Minden Avenue, (p) Water Police Station, (q) Whampoa Dock Quarters, (r) Railway Quarters, Hunghom.

340. Teaching of Mosquitology.

(a) Demonstrations in collecting mosquito larvae and adults and instruction in the elements of malaria prevention were given to classes of Royal Army Medical Corps men.

(b) Classes for medical students of the Hong Kong University were

held and demonstrations of antimalarial field work given.

(c) Lectures to probationer sanitary inspectors on mosquitology and prevention of malaria were delivered, and demonstrations on field work given.

341. Flushing Tank.

- M 65

De Villiers flushing tank-construction of which was commenced during 1937, was completed during the year.

342. Four tables are appended. The first gives details of 6,750 anopheline larvae examined microscopically for identification purposes, the second relates to some 1,409 adults hatched out from larvae and pupae, the third summarises the results of precipitin tests on bloods from mosquitos caught in three types of shelters in the village of Kap Lung; while the fourth gives a summary of systematic catches and dissections to ascertain the presence of malarial infection of anophelines caught at Pat Heung Camp from the month of January to August, 1938, in two screened lines. In addition, catching was also done in villages outside the half-mile area around these lines. Of 1,094 anophelines obtained approximately 48 per centum were A. minimus, 27 per centum A. hyrcanus, 19 per centum A. jeyporiensis, 3 per centum A. vagus, 1 per centum A. fluviatilis.

J. B. MACKIE,

M.B., CH.B. (Edin.), D.P.II. (Liv.), D.T.M. (Liv.).

Government Malariologist.

Table XLV.

ANOPHELINE LARVAE EXAMINED MICROSCOPICALLY.

Month.

A. maculatus.

A.

A. hyrcanus

A. jeypori-

A. aitkenii

minimus.

var.

sinensis

ensis var. candidi- ensis.

A. karwari.

var. ben- galensis.

A. splendidus.

Totals.

January

887

140

149

1,176

February

246

268

87

21

624

March

....

112

127

16

255

April ....

36

149

50

24

14

273

May

71

52

54

!

177

June

37

3

81

61

182

July

90

91

37

106

324

August

8

8

September

566

301

55

6

128

1,056

October

198

76

18

292

November

277

248

11

51

587

December

929

615

151

101

1,796

Totals

....

3,457

2,018

689

202

24

2

358

6,750

Month.

M 66

Table XLVI.

ADULT MOSQUITOS HATCHED OUT FROM LARVAE & PUPAE.

A. maculatus.

A. minimus.

A. hyrcanus.

var.

sinensis.

A. jey- poriensis.

var.

candidiensis.

A.

karwari.

A. splendidus.

Totals.

January

72

February

March

52

85

April

22

2 8 2 2

95

167

30

27

10

152

107

3

162

89

19

7

6

143

May

2

7

N

26

37

June

16

6

22

July

45

23

14

26

108

August

2

September

68

42

12

6

128

October

107

29

7

17

160

November

25

9

34

December

151

97

22

8

16

294

Totals

647

521

110

53

7

71

1,409

Table XLVII.

RESULTS OF PRECIPITIN TESTS ON BLOODS TAKEN FROM ANOPHELINES CAUGHT IN ANIMAL & HUMAN DWELLING, COW HOUSE AND PIGSTIES IN THE VILLAGES OF KAP LUNG, PAT HEUNG, NEW TERRITORIES.

Species

No. No. without tested positive

reactions

No. with positive

Reactions positive to the serum of

reactions Man Dog Pig Cow Goat

Mixed

ANIMAL & HUMAN DWELLING.

A. minimus

104

6

98

9

A. jeyporiensis

164

5

159

18

A. maculatus

2

2

A. hyrcanus

an

3

3

1

1 86

1 (man & cow)

1 (cow & goat)

2 136

1 (man & goat)

1 (cow & pig)

2

3

Cow HOUSE.

A. minimus

81

78

72

1 (man & cow)

A. jeyporiensis

139

4

135

1

124

1

1 (goat & cow)

A. maculatus

12

.1

11

11

A. hyrcanus

21

21

19

1 (dog & cow)

PIGSTIES.

A. minimus

A. jeyporiensis

A. maculatus

A. hyrcanus

N.B.

N

N

Animal & human dwelling: 3 adults, 3 children, 2 cows, & 9 pigs.

Cow house

Pigsties

: 2 cows only.

: 3 pigs only.

· M 67

Table XLVIII.

RESULTS OF CATCHES & DISSECTIONS FOR MALARIA INFECTION OF

ANOPHELINES CAUGHT AT COOLIE LINES, PAT HEUNG,

DURING THE YEAR 1938.

No. with

No. with

Month

Species

No. caught

No. dissected

infected

infected

No. with infected

glands

midgut

glands &

only

only

midgut

A. minimus

19

19

A. jeyporiensis

2

2

January

A. maculatus

A. hyrcanus

5

5

A. fluviatilis

A. minimus

11

11

A. jeyporiensis

2

1

February

A. maculatus

A. hyrcanus

4

4

A. fluviatilis

1

1

A. minimus

17

17

A. jeyporiensis

3

3

March

A. maculatus

A. hyrcanus

27

27

A. fluviatilis

A. minimus

2

2

A. jeyporiensis

2

April

A. maculatus

A. hyrcanus

9

A. fluviatilis

A. minimus

9

A. jeyporiensis

2

May

A. maculatus

A. hyrcanus

156

46

A. fluviatilis

A. minimus

7

A. jeyporiensis

∞

June

A. maculatus

A. hyrcanus

134

74

A. fluviatilis

A. minimus

11

3

A. jeyporiensis

10

2

July

A. maculatus

A. hyrcanus

49

28

A. fluviatilis

A. minimus

30

12

A. jeyporiensis

14

8

August

A. maculatus

A. hyrcanus

56

39

A. fluviatilis

A. minimus

A. jeyporiensis

A. maculatus

Totals

A. hyrcanus

A. fluviatilis

༄ག|སྒྱུ་

106

64

44

17

440

1

232

1

Percentage

of

infection

- M 68-

C. Annual Report of the Government Analytical Laboratory, 1938.

343. The work of the Hong Kong Government Laboratory differs from that usually associated with a sub-department of this type in that a very considerable amount of work, usually done by consulting analysts, is carried out here, and for which fees are paid into the Treasury. This non-government work comes under two heads.

(a) Analyses of stores, etc., for the Naval, Military, and Air Force Authorities, described below as semi-official work and for which, in the majority of cases, full fees are now charged.

(b) Analyses carried out for local firms and individuals in the Colony: the majority of which are the testing of exports of China produce, e.g., tin and oils, and for which full fees are charged.

344. The following tables show the nature of the work under the various heads.

OFFICIAL WORK.

Official work-i.e., Government work.

Table XLIX.

1937

1938

Chemico-legal samples, from the Police and

Medical Departments

351

358

Food and drugs samples under the Ordinance from

the Sanitary Department

337

294

Water samples, from public supplies

1,834

2,198

Dangerous goods under the Ordinance, from the

Police Department and Fire Brigade

3

5

Bio-chemical examinations, from the Medical

Department and University

287

374

Materials from various departments for testing:-

Oils from Public Works Department

9

4

Coals from Public Works Department, Harbour

Department and Kowloon-Canton Railway

235

215

Building materials from Public Works

Department

8

0

Foodstuffs from Medical Department, Police

Department, etc.

74

138

Pharmaceutical samples from Government Apothecary

18

20

Chemicals from Medical Department, Public Works

Department, etc.

16

34

Battery acids from Public Works Department

1

6

Minerals and metals

11

10

Septic tank effluents

Harbour waters

Miscellaneous samples

27

0

26

0

37

23

3,274

3,679

M 69

345. The value of work done for Government departments, as determined under the Tariff of Charges (Government Notification No. 510 of 1938), was $59,114.00 as against $60,525.00 for 1937.

346. A considerable amount of the official work comes under the heading of "chemico-legal". Practically the whole time of the Government Analyst is spent on this work, and during the year under review, both Assistant Analysts had to give assistance on many occasions and to give evidence in several enquiries. Members of the laboratory staff attended court on twenty-one occasions during the year.

Chemico-Legal Samples.

347. The following table shows the nature of the work done under this head.

Table L.

1937

1938

Toxicological examinations (including post-mortem

materials from seventy persons in 1937 and, fifty-four in 1938)

Counterfeit coins and materials

236

177

11

54

Forged notes and materials

0

32

Bombs and explosives

Articles for stain

fire enquiries

connected with larceny

19

19

18

18

3

4

2

0

murder

0

10

"

""

""

وو

""

forgery

29

0

1

31

attempted murder

0

3

""

""

armed robbery

0

3

وو

""

robbery with violence

20

27

က

3

0

Dangerous goods

Other examinations (including estimation of alcohol in urine in nine cases in 1937 and nine cases in 1938)

10

11

348. Investigations were carried out in connection with two explosive fires which occurred at the General Post Office. The final conclusion arrived at was that these were not due to any infernal machine; but were caused by packages of sodium or sodium peroxide becoming damp and igniting combustible matter, with consequent showers of burning sodium or incandescent peroxide.

- M 70

It

349. Shortly after these fires, one occurred in the mail on a steamer. appeared, however, that this had no connection with the former cases but was due rather to accidental ignition, as the ship was carrying a very large number of deck passengers who cooked and smoked near the hold containing the mail. An examination of parts of a shell found on a junk was also carried out.

350. Exhibits in connection with eight cases of robbery with violence were examined, in which use was made of pepper for temporarily blinding the victims.

351. Corrosive fluid throwing again occurred on several occasions during the year, in one case, concentrated caustic soda was used instead of the usual mineral acid.

TOXICOLOGICAL

EXAMINATIONS.

Table LI.

Nature of poison.

No poison found

Opium (2 morphine)

Phenolic or cresolic compounds

Adalin

Carbon monoxide

Lead

Barbituric acid derivative

Alcoholic solution of iodine

Kai Po Yu

Turpentine and camphor

Crude sodium bisulphate

Santalol

Iodoform

Crude alkaloids of Gelsemium elegans Benth

Arsenic derivative

Strychnine

No. of samples.

57

41

31

3

6

4

1

3

W N

2

1

1

1

8

1 ∞ ∞

2

1

Sodium carbonate

1

Nerium oleander

2

Aluminium sulphate

1

Luminal

2

Mixture of aspirin, phenacetin and caffeine

1

Unknown synthetic drugs

3

N CO

2

Aspirin

Jatropha curcas Linn. (Physic Nut)

Total

2

177

M 71

352. Suicide again accounted for the majority of the deaths. Opium is still the most common agent, but again a large number of cases of the use of poisons of the lysol type is to be reported.

353. Several unusual cases occurred. In one a child fell into a kerosene tank and was killed. His stomach was found to contain oil similar to that in the tank. Unusual substances used for attempted suicide were an alcoholic solution of iodine, iodoform, and camphor liniment respectively.

354. Gelsemium elegans Benth was again used on several occasions for suicidal purposes, with fatal results. The increased use of this herb for suicidal purposes has resulted in discussions on the possibilities of restricting its cultivation.

355. The consumption of Kai Po Yu, a poisonous fish, caused serious illness in six cases. It was again found impossible to identify any poisonous constituent by chemical means.

356. Nerium oleander, containing a glucoside of the digitalis type, was also the cause of one death by suicide.

357. In the case of the death of a child by an overdose of atropine sulphate administered hypodermically, no trace of the alkaloid could be detected either chemically or physiologically in the post-mortem materials.

358. In one case in which the administration of a stupefacient drug in coffee was suspected, investigation showed that a large dose of calomel only had been used.

359. A sample of Chinese foodstuff submitted from Swabue (Kwangtung) proved to contain over 2 grains of arsenic per pound weight which had probably been derived from some Chinese herbs used in the foodstuff. These contained small amounts of arsenic and had been purchased in a Chinese medicine shop.

360. In one case, opium was administered to a child with fatal results.

361. The seeds of Jatropha curcas Linn which are similar to castor and croton seeds, were eaten by a party of walkers with distressing results, happily not fatal.

362. Lead was found in excess in the urine of several employees of factories where soldering is carried out.

363. An investigation of a case of suspected poisoning by preserved eggs It is showed that the egg shells contained a large amount of aluminium. possible that alum or aluminium sulphate had been used as a preservative, although it is doubtful if this could have caused the symptoms noted.

Food and Drugs.

364. No large increase in this work is to be reported. Details of samples of foodstuffs analysed have been included in the section on "Food in relation to health and disease" and will, therefore, be omitted from this section.

Water and Sewage Samples.

365. Routine analyses of the public supplies were carried out during the year. Investigation of the swimming baths of the Colony was carried out and advice on the best method of chlorination, etc., given. The work was done in order to prevent the baths from being a possible cause of the spread of cholera. Samples from many water boats were tested for possible contamination with harbour water and in a few cases this was found to have occurred.

样

M 72

Bio-chemical Examinations

366. The biochemical branch of the laboratory has been reorganised and the scope of the examinations largely increased, consequent on the appointment of Mr. P. H. Symons, who has many years experience of this work.

Table LII.

Blood for blood urea nitrogen

116 samples.

•

3

sugar

92

">

urea nitrogen and sugar

6

sodium chloride

1

""

"

Calculi

Faeces

14

22

18

">

Human milk

3

??

Urine

30

Gastric contents

91

,,

Bile

1

Materials from Government Departments for testing.

367. In order to determine the price to be paid to the contractors, routine tests were carried out of all consignments of coal supplied to Government. Apart from this work, very little testing of Government stores was undertaken by the laboratory.

368. Fumigation of books by means of hydrocyanic acid gas was again carried out in several Government buildings.

369. Routine examinations of ghee and atta supplied to the Police Depart- ment were continued, and have acted as a useful safeguard against possible adulteration.

370. Work was carried out in connection with the feeding of children at the Violet Peel Health Centre and analyses were made of soya beans, soya bean milk and various allied products used for infant feeding.

Semi-official and Unofficial Works.

371. Semi-official work-i.e., work for the Naval, Military, and Air Force Authorities.

Unofficial work-i.e., work for local firms, etc.

M. 73

Table LIII.

Semi-official

work, 1938

Unofficial work, 1938

Examination of steamer tanks for

inflammable vapour

Foodstuffs and fertilizers

Oils (fuel, kerosene and petrol)

Battery acids

7

25

11

39

57

125

29

Building materials

6

5

Water samples

1

9

Chemicals

11

2

Minerals and metals

4

289

Miscellaneous

4

21

Bio-chemical examinations

2

Toxicological examinations

8

Dangerous goods

Pharmaceutical samples

Total

Value of work done

44

130

533

$2,957.50

$27,637.50

372. Many analyses of lubricating oils from submarines were carried out in connection with corrosion of cylinder linings.

373. Unusual investigations under the head of unofficial work were:- The estimation of the amount of (a) lead in locally made Chinese wine and (b) tannic acid in beer.

Sampling.

374. The following list gives the amount of sampling done by the Sampler attached to the laboratory.

Table LIV.

1937.

1938.

Tin

Lard

4,315 tons

140,436 cases

3,751 tons

43,203 cases

Wolfram Ore

15 tons

Wood Oil

Cassia Oil

Firecrackers

60 tons

15 drums

30 drums

4,076 cases

1,699 cases

Teaseed Oil

40 tons

Water Samples

1,702 samples

2,010 samples

M 74

Special Investigations.

up

to

375. With the arrival of Mr. Symons in May, thus bringing the staff establishment, it has been possible to initiate several investigations. Determina- tions of the freezing points of locally produced milk are being carried out. Work in connection with the estimation of tin and arsenic in wolfram ore is proceeding.

Staff and Equipment.

376. Mr. P. H. Symons joined the laboratory staff on May 8th. Three small fume cupboards have been converted into one large one, and forced draught provided. It is now possible to carry out all work involving the emission of corrosive fumes without discomfort to the staff or danger to delicate apparatus.

Revenue.

377. The fees paid into the Treasury during the year amounted to $30,085.00 as against $39,307.00 in 1937. The value of the work done both- Government and commercial, as determined from the Tariff of Charges (Govern- ment Notification No. 510 of 1938) was $89,709.00 as against $100,478.50 in 1937.

Expenditure for 1937 and 1938 compared.

Personal emoluments

Table LV.

1937.

1938.

$47,665.60

$52,450.25

Other charges:-

Apparatus and chemicals

3,959.47

4,113.19

Books and journals

316.49

369.24

Conveyance allowance

180.00

166.27

Fuel and light

1,227.75

1,299.47

Incidental expenses

280.28

311.39

76.36

99.14

Uniforms

Total other charges

Special expenditure

(Revote)

$6,040.35

Total other charges

278.25

$6,358.70

V. C. BRANSON,

M.C., A.R.C.S., D.I.C., B.SC., F.I.C.

M. 75

D. Report of the University Professorial Units.

UNIVERSITY CLINICAL UNITS AT THE QUEEN MARY HOSPITAL.

Medical Unit-Report by the Professor of Medicine.

STAFF.

William I. Gerrard, O.B.E., M.D., Ch.B., F.R.C.P., D.P.H.

First Assistant to Professor

P. P. Chiu, M.B., B.S.

Second Assistant to Professor

H. T. Wu, M.B., B.S.

House Physician

January to June-W. Heng, M.B., B.S. July to December-W. W. Yeung, M.B., B.S.

Clinical Assistants

January to June-W. W. Yeung, M.B., B.S. July to December-C. G. Foo, M.B., B.S.

378.

Wards:

Cases treated as In-patients in the University Teaching Medical

Men

253

Women

. 200

Children under 12 years old

109

Total

562

Number of cases died during the year=63.

·

379. Cases treated as out-patients at the University Medical Out-patient Clinics:-

1. Afternoon Clinic (General Medical Cases)

Mondays and Thursdays:

2,024 new cases, seen and treated (1,665 adults and 359 children): many

+

of these cases attended more than once, bringing to a total of 7,609 attendances.

2. Children's Clinic

Thursday mornings:

270 new cases, seen and treated: many of these cases attended more

than once, bringing to a total of 1,349 attendances.

380. The total number of cases seen and treated by the Medical Unit at Out-patients Department both general and children during the year 1938 was 8,958 (this figure included old and new cases, men, women and children).

+

381.

M 76

The following special tests have been carried out:

(From January to December, 1938)

Table LVI.

Blood urea

Blood sugar

Blood sedimentation rate

Fractional test meal

Histamine test meal

Urea clearance test

REMARKS:

34

9

291

.95

5

10

5

Adult In-patients and Out-patients.

Cerebro-spinal meningitis:

382. A small number of cases were treated and reference to special methods is made under "Special Investigations."

Fewer cases were seen in the out-patient department. Most cases of this disease were sent to Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kennedy Town, which was kept open throughout the year.

Tuberculosis :

383. Pulmonary infection makes up the great mass of admissions and of those attending the out-patient department=330 cases.

Malaria:

384. The three common types of infection especially S.T. maintain a fairly high figure in both in-patient and out-patient department.

Metazoan infections:

385. Ankylostomiasis, ascariasis and clonorchiasis have a high incidence.

Anterior poliomyelitis :·

386. 3 cases only admitted and 2 seen in out-patient department.

The low figures are interesting in view of the fact that in Japan and North China there has been a high incidence comparatively recently.

Diabetes mellitus:

387. Met with frequently in the out-patient department.

Beri-beri:

388. 42 cases were admitted referred to under "Special Investigations" 106 were seen in the out-patient department.

Duodenal and gastric ulcer:

389. Fewer cases were admitted than last year but the incidence of gastric disease in the out-patient department was high.

Constipation:

390. Incidence in out-patient department is very high-opium addiction is a causation in some only. This persistent constipation is the cause of much general ill-health. It is not rare to meet with cases of female patients whose bowels move once in 6 or 7 days.

Respiratory diseases:

M 77

391. Incidence is high in the out-patient department especially broncho- pneumonia and bronchitis.

Nephritis:

392. The sub-acute type is very prevalent. Etiology remains obscure although many cases have an antecedent history of malaria.

Purpura-thrombocytopenic :

393.

venom.

One case was admitted and showed a positive Peck test with snake The total thrombocytes per cmm. fell progressively to 5,000 per cmm. Treatment by blood transfusion and snake venom (Moccasin) proved of no avail although bleeding was controlled. No increase in thrombocytes was seen after repeated doses of snake venom..

Rheumatic endocarditis :

394. Incidence is surprisingly high.

Syphilitic aortitis:

395. This type of disease remains fairly frequent.

Exophthalmic goitre :

396. The incidence is, in my opinion, increasing and at a higher rate since the commencement of the Sino-Japanese conflict.

Tabes dorsalis :

397. Incidence remains fairly high.

Remarks on Children's out-patient department Clinic:

398. The outstanding features are the high incidence of faulty nutrition including the 51 cases in children seen in the Adult out-patient department Clinic.

Opium addicts:

399. Please see Appendix I.

Special Investigations.

Cerebro-spinal meningitis :

400. Investigations were carried out on the effects of certain Sulphonamide preparations in Cerebro-spinal meningitis. Minimum doses were used and adminis- tration was confined to injection method only.

A short paper on the above results is published in Caduceus.

Pulmonary tuberculosis :

401. There is an ever increasing demand for accommodation of early cases in the special in-patient clinics at the Queen Mary Hospital.

402. Artificial pneumothorax treatment is carried out in all suitable male cases with gratifying results.

403. In addition treatment by the gold preparation Solganal B. Oleosum in the healing fibrotic type of disease seems to be most useful therapeutic measure. In the selected cases treated the use of the blood sedimentation rate as a method of prognostic value bears out the claim of the importance of the use of gold preparations in suitable cases.

It is very difficult to persuade Chinese female patients to consent to artificial pneumothorax treatment.

1

- M 78

Anaemia:

404. The type especially due to Ankylostomiasis has been the subject of investigation by my Assistant Dr. Chiu and the question is discussed in a paper being published-" A Clinical Study of Hook-worm Disease."

Gastric function:

405. Fractional test meals continue to be carried out and a clinical note on "Passing the Ryle's Tube in Fractional Test Meals" has been published by Dr. Chiu.

406. Polyneuritis due to vitamin B, deficiency continues to be studied with special reference to the Aalsmeer Test as regards its use in the differentiation of true beri-beri, its value in the control of treatment by synthetic vitamin B1 preparations and in prognosis.

1

407. The kind co-operation of the University Physiology Department under Professor Ride is being continued with reference to the pyruvic acid content of the blood in beri-beri cases.

408. Some observations have also been carried out with reference to the value of the skin dye test as a means of estimating vitamin C storage deficiency in various diseases.

REPORT ON THE SURGICAL DEPARTMENT FOR THE YEAR 1938.

Staff:-

Kenelm H. Digby, M.B., B.S.; F.R.C.S. England. (Ho Tung Professor of Clinical Surgery; Professor of Surgery; Consulting Surgeon to the South China Command; Surgeon, Queen Mary Hospital, and Con- sultant in Surgery to the Hong Kong Government.)

Wm. Lai Fook, M.B., B.S.; (First Assistant to the Professor of Surgery). Young Tsaw Che, M.B., B.S.; (Second Assistant to the Professor of

Surgery).

Dean A. Smith, M.A. (Camb.), M.B., B.CH. (Camb.), D.T.M. & H. (Lond.).

Anaesthetist.

Hargreaves, G. M., M.R.C.P. (Ed.), D.O.M.S., (Lecturer in Ophthalmology, and Surgeon in charge of the Ophthalmological Out-patients to May when he went on leave).

Au King, M.B., B.S.; (Acting Lecturer in Ophthalmology from May). Farr, F. J., M.B., CH.B., L.B.S., D.M.R. & E. (Lecturer in Radiology). Selby, J. A. R., M.B., CH.B.; (Lecturer in Venereal Diseases). Yeang Cheng Hin, M.B., B.S.; (House Surgeon from January to June). Naidu, P. T., M.B., B.S.; (House Surgeon from July to December). Kan Lai To, M.B., B.S.; (Clinical Assistant from January to June, Out-

patient Officer from July to December).

409. There is a shortage of beds for the treatment of surgical tuber- culosis. This is particularly the case for children. Many cases referred by charitable organisations and general practitioners have to be refused admission and treatment.

410. The weekly staff round from 5 to 6 p.m. on Mondays (which general practitioners and other qualified men are invited to attend) has been continued throughout the year.

M 79

411. Investigations have been carried out on the subjects of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, subepithelial lymphatic glands, and intrahepatic stone formation.

Some work has been done on a new incision for kidney operations.

412. The following papers from the Department appeared in 1938 in the Caduceus:-

413.

"The Role of the Subepithelial Lymphatic Glands" by K. H. Digby. "A Case of Gout in a Chinese" by C. H. Yeung.

450 cases were treated in the Surgical Wards (Horsley, Hilton and Lister) during the year 1938.

414. 514 operations were performed under general anaesthesia.

415. 3,497 cases were treated in the Out-patients Department.

416. 1,298 cases were treated in the Ear, Nose and Throat Department. 417. 2,784 cases were treated in the Eye Clinic (Out-patients). 418. 85 cases were treated in the Eye Clinic (In-patients).

OBSTETRICAL AND GYNAECOLOGICAL UNIT.

Report by the Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,

Prof. Gordon King,

F.R.C.S. (Eng.), F.C.O.G., L.R.C.P. (Lond.).

419. The unit was under the acting headship of Dr. P. F. S. Court, F.R.C.S., Ed., M.R.C.S., Eng., L.R.C.P., Lond., from the beginning of the year until 16th November. On 17th November, Professor Gordon King took over the direction of the department.

420. Gynaecological in-patients are all treated now at the Queen Mary Hospital, where a ward of 21 beds is placed at the disposal of the University. The Tsan Yuk Hospital, with 60 beds, is now devoted exclusively to Obstetrical cases.

421. During the year the following numbers of cases were treated.

Table LVII.

Out-patients department:—

New cases

Old cases

Maternity cases:—

Tsan Yuk Hospital

Gynaecological cases:-

Queen Mary Hospital (University cases)

2,564

3,649

2,397

428

422. There were 109 cases in the maternity wards who showed a temperature of 100.4F. or over on one or more occasions during the puerperium, in addition to 14 maternal deaths. This gives a maternal morbidity rate of 5.43% and a maternal mortality rate of 0.62% in the year's total of 2,265 deliveries.

Classification of cases:-

Vertex presentations P. O. P.

Breech

Face

Transverse

Twins

...

M 80

Table LVIII.

Tsan Yuk Hospital.

2,139 63

66

3

17

23

Table LIX.

CAUSES OF DEATH.

T'san Yuk Hospital:-

1. Pre-eclamptic toxaemia, cardiac failure

2. Central placenta praevia, uterine haemorrhage

3.

4.

Peritonitis, cardiac failure.

Avitaminosis B1, cardiac failure

5. Chronic nephritis, cardiac failure

6. Morbus cordis, cardiac failure

7. Lobar pneumonia, cardiac failure

8.

Post-partum haemorrhage

9. Aortic incompetence, cardiac failure

(undelivered)

Kennedy Town Hospital:-

1

1

1

3

1

1

1

1

1

1. Smallpox

2

Queen Mary Hospital:-

1. Parotitis, broncho-pneumonia, cardiac failure.

1

Table LX.

Ante-natal Clinics:-

New cases

Old cases

Infant Welfare Clinics:-

Tsan Yuk Hospital--

New cases

Old cases

575

489

Table LXI.

1,346

1,783

Table LXII.

Statistics of the Gynaecological Department:

Number of admissions-

Queen Mary Hospital

Number of operations performed-

Queen Mary Hospital

Deaths-

Queen Mary Hospital

428

300

3

M 81

APPENDICES.

Return A.

MEDICAL, HEALTH AND LABORATORY SERVICE STAFF.

(i) ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF.

The Director of Medical Services Deputy Director of Medical Services

Clerical Staff.

Secretary

Assistant Secretary

Stenographer

Accountant

Clerk, Class II

Clerks, Class III

Clerks, Class IV

Clerks, Class V

Clerks, Class VIA

Clerks, Class VIB

Special Class Clerks

(ii) INVESTIGATIVE DIVISION. Bacteriological Institute.

1

1

1

I

1

1.

1

3

3

4

5

28

2

Bacteriologist

Assistant Bacteriologist

Senior Laboratory Assistant

Laboratory Assistants

1

1

1

5

Malaria Bureau.

Malariologist

1

Assistant to Malariologist

1

Malarial Inspectors (1 vacancy)

8

(iii) CHEMICAL DIVISION.

Government Analyst

1

Assistant Analysts

2

Assistant Analyst (Chinese)

1

Assistant Analyst (Chinese) Class II

1

(iv) HEALTH DIVISION.

Urban Branch.

Health Officers

Chinese Health Officer

Lady Medical Officer (Part time)

2

1

1

M 82

Port Health Branch.

Port Health Officer and Inspector of Emigrants

Second Port Health Officer & Inspector of Emigrants

Chinese Port Health Officers

L

1

2

Port Health Inspector

1.

Chinese Health Inspector

1

Public Vaccinators

12

Public Vaccinators (Temporary)

23

Fumigating & Disinfecting Bureau.

Fumigator

1

Venereal Diseases Branch.

Venereal Diseases Officer

Chinese Venereal Diseases Officer

Venereal Diseases Technical Assistant

Charge Dressers, Class I

Staff Dressers

2

2

Venereal Diseases Nurse

1

Maternity and Child Welfare Branch.

Lady Medical Officer

1

Chinese Lady Medical Officer

I

Infant Welfare Nurses

Infant Welfare Nurse (Temporary)

School Hygiene Branch.

Health Officer for Schools

Chinese Medical Officers for Schools

School Nurses

37 N -

2

5

Chinese Hospitals and Dispensaries Branch.

Visiting Medical Officer

1

Lady Visiting Medical Officer

1

Chinese Resident Medical Officers

3

Chinese Lady Medical Officers.

Stenographer

1.

Interpreter and Assistant

I

Tutor Sister

I

Dispensary Nurse

I

Midwives

7

(v) MEDICAL DIVISION.

Clinical Branch (General).

Government Consultants

3

Senior Medical Officer

9

Medical Officers

Chinese Medical Officers

House Officers

House Surgeon

7

1

1

M 83

Nursing Staff (General).

Principal Matron Matrons, Grade I

Matrons, Grade II

Nursing Sisters (2 vacancies) Charge Nurse (2 vacancies) Staff Nurses

Probationer Nurses (3 vacancies) Charge Dressers, Class I

Charge Dressers, Class II

1

2

5

59

1

19

101

2 10

5

Staff Dressers

Probationer Dressers

Linen Maid

5

33

1

Nursing Staff (Mental Hospital).

Head Attendant

1

Assistant Attendant

1

Mental Nurses

3

Probationer Dressers

3

Kennedy Town Hospital (Infectious Diseases).

Charge Nurse

Staff Nurses

Charge Dressers, Class II

Staff Dresser

Steward

1

2

2

1

1

Tsan Yuk Maternity Hospital.

House Medical Officers

2

Matron

1

Assistant Matron

1

Midwives

5

Pupil Midwives

13

Stewards.

Steward

1

Steward (Temporary)

1

Assistant Steward

1

Pharmacy Branch.

Apothecary

1

Assistant Apothecary

1

Storekeeper

1

Storekeeper (Temporary)

1

Charge Dispenser, Class I

1

Charge Dispensers, Class II

4

Staff Dispensers

Probationer Dispensers

5

4

Radiologist Radiographers Masseuses X-Ray Sister

Probationer Masseuses

Radiographic Assistants

M 84

Radiological Branch.

1

122

1

NO CO

3

2

New Territories Branch.

Health Officer

I

Chinese Medical Officers

2

Midwives

9

Dresser

Miscellaneous.

Steward's Storeman

1

Storemen

2

Electrician

Installation Mechanic

I

Fitters

4

Motor Drivers

Office Attendants, Messengers, Wardboys, Amahs, Coolies, &c. (33

vacancies)

Lai Chi Kok Temporary Chinese Hospital.

Chinese Medical Officers

Matron

Assistant Matron

Nurses

Steward, Boys, Amahs, Coolies, &c.

429

ลง

1

17

54

¡

M 85

Return B.

LIST OF CHINESE CHARITABLE, GOVERNMENT, NAVAL, MILITARY

AND PRIVATE HOSPITALS, ETC.

Chinese Charitable Hospitals.

Chinese Eastern Maternity Hospital.

Kwong Wah Hospital.

Tung Wah Eastern Hospital.

Tung Wah Hospital.

Government Hospitals.

Female Prison Hospital, Lai Chi Kok.

Hong Kong Prison Hospital at Stanley.

*

Infectious Diseases Hospital.

Kowloon Hospital.

Lai Chi Kok (Cholera) Hospital.

Lai Chi Kok (Relief) Hospital.

Leper Settlement.

Mental Hospital.

Queen Mary Hospital.

Tai Po Maternity Ward.

Tsan Yuk Hospital.

Naval Hospital.

Naval Hospital, Wanchai.

Royal Naval Sanatorium.

Military Hospitals.

Combined Military Hospital, Kowloon.

Military Hospital, Bowen Road.

Alice Memorial and Affiliated Hospitals.

Private Hospitals.

Babington Sanatorium.

Canossa Hospital.

Haw Par Hospital.

Majima Hospital.

Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital.

Matilda Hospital.

Precious Blood Hospital.

St. Francis Hospital.

St. Paul's Hospital.

War Memorial Hospital.

M 86

Appendix I.

DRUG ADDICTION AND DRUG TRAFFIC IN HONG KONG.

1. During the year under review the following narcotic drugs were seized by the Revenue authorities:-

Opium raw Opium, prepared

Heroin

Heroin pills

27,084 taels (2,257 lbs.)

12,758 taels (1,063 lbs.) 30.11/15 ounces

2,713,181

2. Neither morphine, cocaine nor cannabis indica were obtained in drug raids made during the year.

3. 446 opium addicts were treated during the year at the Tung Wah Eastern Hospital. Of these patients only two remained in hospital more than twenty days, the average duration of stay in hospital being nine days. The method of treatment employed was the intramuscular injection of blister fluid, but as these patients are difficult to control it is quite impossible to assess the value, if any, of the treatment. Another factor which militates against efficient treatment of these addicts is the ease with which opium can be smuggled into the Chinese hospitals. Cases of addiction have also been treated in the Queen Mary Hospital, but only ten cases were admitted during the year and only one of these was a private patient. The results are reported as-seven cases relieved, two cases unchanged and one still under treat- ment. The routine treatment adopted was withdrawal and auto-serotherapy on the Modinos principle.

4. The attendance of addicts at the out-patient clinics has declined because of the withholding of the stock anti-opium mixture which contains ten minims of tincture of opium in each ounce, and was formerly responsible for a high attendance at out-patient clinics.

5. It seems that the opium smoking indulged in by members of the coolie class is not, in itself, a very deleterious habit, although it is certainly harmful in that it lessens the amount of money which the family can spend on food. The average daily amount spent on opium by coolies who smoke it, is 10-50 cents.

6. The whole question of narcotic drugs and their abuse in Hong Kong is in a very unsatisfactory condition. At the moment anyone can go into a Chinese restaurant, ask for opium and get it, and as long as this state of affairs obtains it is not likely that efforts to reduce the number of opium addicts will be successful.

Appendix II.

REFUGEE RELIEF IN 1938.

1. The measures taken during the year to cope with this influx were as follows. The Tung Wah Hospitals Committee, the Street Sleepers Shelter Society, the Society for the Protection of Children, the Salvation Army and various other charitable organisations laboured nobly to improve the lot of these thousands of homeless people, but their combined resources proved inadequate for the task, and finally Government was compelled to take over the greater part of the burden.

- M 87.

2. The Tung Wah Committee had been entrusted with the care of homeless and friendless refugees in the early part of the year, and various buildings were lent to them for this purpose, including the former Government Civil Hospital, part of the old Victoria Gaol and the building which had formerly been used as the Kowloon Magistracy. By May, 2,648 refugees were being cared for in this way.

3. The Tung Wah Committee were also able to arrange for the repatriation of over 30,000 refugees between July, 1937, and June, 1938. Needless to say, this number represented but a small proportion of the many tens of thousands who sought shelter in these territories.

4. Overcrowding, already one of the most pressing problems confronting the health authorities, was aggravated to the point of danger, and a severe outbreak of cholera was superimposed on the worst epidemic of smallpox in the history of the Colony. The average number of persons on each floor of the typical three-storeyed Chinese house rose from between fifteen and twenty to from thirty to as many as sixty and those who could find no shelter in houses slept in the streets.

5. A police census taken in June, 1938, gave a figure of over 27,000 for street sleepers.

6. To relieve these conditions Government decided to house about 5,000 people in the urban area, and three refugee camps were constructed, one on the Island at North Point, a second at Ma Tau Chung and the third at King's Park, the two latter locations being in Kowloon on the Mainland.

7. The camp at King's Park was intended to take those refugees who had been looked after by the Tung Wah Committee and were awaiting repatriation. The other two were intended primarily for Hong Kong born women and children sleeping in the streets. A second census carried out in October-the cold weather having started showed that there were still over 15,000 street sleepers.

8. The writer of this Report assisted by a Committee appointed by the Governor was responsible for the administration and health organisation of these urban camps and was solely responsible for the rural camps which had to be hurriedly constructed on a more primitive basis in the last three months of the year.

9. Industrial and educational activities were handed over to a voluntary organisation, the Emergency Refugee Council, which came into being in June, 1938. This body has done particularly valuable work in coordinating the activities of the various refugee relief associations operating in Hong Kong.

10. After the Japanese landed at Bias Bay on October 12th, many thousands of refugees poured across the frontier.

11. A matshed camp was built at Pat Heung to hold 5,000 people, and later on, in November, railway truck camps were opened at Fanling to house the additional refugees who had crossed the frontier following the "mopping up" opera- tions conducted by the Japanese on November 25th. The Fanling camps provided accommodation for 3,000-4,000 refugees.

12. As a result of concerted action by the various committees and organisa- tions dealing with the problem, many of the refugees were persuaded to return to Kwangtung, and by the end of the year only about 4,000 remained in Government camps in the New Territories, apart from those in villages in the New Territories, and about 3,000 in camps in the urban area.

13. Government's main object throughout was to provide food shelter and adequate health services for those who needed them, and great assistance was given by the unremitting efforts of the Emergency Refugee Council and allied organisations. All classes of the community have responded to appeals for help for the refugees in a remarkable way, and several hundreds of thousand dollars have been given to the various funds providing such help.

M 88

14. The hospital accommodation of the Colony was severely taxed by this advent of refugees, and three new wards were opened at the Infectious Diseases Hospital as well as an auxiliary hospital of 500 beds at Lai Chi Kok on the outskirts of Kowloon.

15. The extent of the refugee problem may be gauged by the fact that the number of persons coming into the Colony during 1938 by steamship and train exceeded those leaving by 305,957. This figure does not include an unknown number probably in the neighbourhood of 200,000 who entered the Colony during the year over land frontiers and in junks and sampans and in other ways. This represents an addition of nearly one half to the normal estimated population of the Colony. As was to be expected, a proportion of the cases of cholera, smallpox and cerebro-spinal meningitis which were seen in the Colony were imported from infected parts of China.

Appendix III.

SMALLPOX IN HONG KONG IN 1938.

1. The disease was already well established in Hong Kong at the beginning of 1938, and the incidence of it increased week by week to reach its maximum in March. It declined gradually from then on and finally died out in July to reappear in a minor form at the end of the year when refugees from Kwantung poured across the frontier to escape "mopping up" operations by Japanese troops.

2. Five Europeans were stricken with the disease. One died of a severe attack of unmodified confluent smallpox in January, 1938, although he said he had been "vaccinated" in England in October, 1937. No scars were found to corroborate his statement. Two others recovered from moderately severe semi-confluent attacks, and two had mild discrete and modified attacks. The mortality among Europeans was therefore 20 per centum. All said they had been vaccinated before contracting the disease, and all save the one who died were clearly speaking the truth.

3. Taking the series as a whole, it was found that seventy-three of the patients lived twelve hours or less after admission to hospital, fifty lived more than twelve hours but less than twenty-four. These figures make it easy to realise how difficult if was to obtain accurate histories in many of the cases; and, in fact, in 177 cases it was impossible to obtain a clear account of the course of the disease from the patient. The majority of such cases were the young children. Four cases were dead on arrival at hospital.

4. The number of toxic cases in the series was surprisingly high. Eighty-three of the total of 834 were classified as toxic. Forty of these cases were men and most of these men were in the twenty-thirty decennium and were well-developed. Of the forty-three women in this group, seventeen were either pregnant or puerperal. It is well known that pregnancy and the puerperium conduce to the manifestation of toxic signs and symptoms in smallpox. Two men only, in this group of eighty-three cases, recovered. All the women died. The mortality was, therefore, 98 per centum in the toxic cases. Twenty-seven. puerperal women and seventeen pregnant women were admitted suffering from the disease.

Of the twenty- seven puerperal women eight developed toxic smallpox and died, seven died of other forms of the disease, and twelve recovered. Of the seventeen pregnant women, six died of toxic smallpox, one of another form and ten recovered.

M 89

5. The figures relating to vaccinal state of patients cannot, unfortunately, be regarded as absolutely accurate. This is so for many reasons, among them being forgetfulness, untruthfulness and inability to think clearly during illness. In the whole series, three patients gave a history of having been variolated in infancy. All had severe attacks of smallpox. All recovered. One woman of twenty with a pock- marked face, stated definitely that she had had smallpox in infancy. Her second attack was mild but was undoubtedly smallpox.

6. When the cases are divided into age groups, the results of vaccination become clearly apparent-see below.

Under 1:-

Unvaccinated males

Vaccinated

29

Unvaccinated females

Table I.

AGE GROUPS.

Recoveries Deaths. Percentage.

mortality.

4

16

80

....

8

3

27

5

35

87

3

2

40

Vaccinated

وو

1-5-

Unvaccinated males

18

24

Vaccinated

7.

2

""

Unvaccinated females

18

32

Vaccinated

3

3

528

57

22

64

50

وو

5-15:-

Unvaccinated males

15

13

Vaccinated

8

""

Unvaccinated females Vaccinated

11

17

10

CO2 7 ∞

46

2

20

61

8

44

15-30:-

Unvaccinated males

16

52

76

Vaccinated

147

29

16

وو

Unvaccinated females

15

39

72

Vaccinated

70

20

22

2922

""

30-60:-

Unvaccinated males

6

15

71

Vaccinated

46

7

13

Unvaccinated females

2

19

90

Vaccinated

30

11

27

Over 60:-

Unvaccinated female

Vaccinated

Total

1

100

1

100

442

351

M 90

7. In seventeen cases it was impossible to obtain any information truthful or untruthful about the vaccinal state of the patients.

8. The series as a whole gives a mortality rate of 35 per centum for males and 51 per centum for females. It will be noted that the mortality is considerably higher in females than in males at all age groups. Why this is so is not known.

9. It is well-known that in smallpox, as in all the acute exanthemata, expectant treatment is the only rational treatment. Nevertheless, an attempt was made to assess the value, if any, of streptocide in smallpox. The drug appears to be of undoubted value in relieving and clearing up the septic complications which so often occur in the focal phase of the disease. This is understandable when it is remembered how frequently a haemolytic streptococcus is isolated from the boils and abscesses which appear at this stage. On the toxic phase, that is to say on smallpox proper, the drug appears to exert no influence at all. It indubitably saved life in one or two cases where severe and extensive skin-sloughing had occurred, and its action was dramatic in the cases showing renal complications. One of these cases, a young boy of nine developed an acute nephritis during convalescence from smallpox. His urine became "smoky" and dropped to six ounces in the twenty- four hours and he developed facial oedema. Within eight hours of the administra- tion of streptocide his fever had abated from 102° to normal and his recovery thenceforward was uninterrupted.

10. The other patient was a young woman of twenty-seven who was recovering from a severe attack of unmodified, discrete smallpox. For no apparent reason she began to have repeated rigors in the second week of convalescence. Culture of the urine revealed a haemolytic streptococcus and the exhibition of streptocide brought about an immediate recovery. The drug was used in 105 cases altogether, and as local experience increases, there are more grounds for belief that it has some value, especially in children, in tiding the patient over those days of the focal phase when septic absorption is at its height.

11. It would appear desirable that the usual points regarding its administration in smallpox should be observed, although it is not necessary to use the drug in the high dosage given in cases of meningitis mainly because the effect to be obtained by its use in the former disease is so much less clear cut.

12. Another line of treatment which was tried was the injection intramuscularly of convalescent serum. This method was employed in thirty-one cases of whom nine died and twenty-two recovered. These figures prove nothing. In one toxic puerperal case serum acted dramatically, and the result obtained in this one case appears to justify an extended trial of such serum. It was found in the course of the epidemic that sera from patients who had only just recovered were ineffective. To be of any use at all, serum must, apparently, be collected from patients who developed smallpox at least one month before, and preferably six weeks. Anti-bodies. to the virus seem to take long to develop.

13. As the serum had to be taken from convalescents at Kennedy Town Hospital this line of treatment was not used as widely as it deserved to be, for a converted police station is not an ideal place in which to collect and store serum under aseptic conditions.

P. B. Wilkinson, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. (Lon.), M.B., B.S. (Lon.), M.R.C.P. (Lon.),

Medical Officer.

:

M 91.

Appendix IIIA.

Rough Translation of a Talk given by Mr. Ho Kom Tong, 0.B.E. on ZBW at 7.45 p.m. on 25th April, 1938 in Hong Kong on the topic of

The Importance of Being Immediately Vaccinated.

Ladies and gentlemen :-

1. I suppose you have all read from the newspapers of the smallpox epidemic which is raging in our midst. From the 1st of January up till now the number of reported cases totals about 2,100 with some 1,600 deaths, while quite recently there were sixty-nine cases reported in one day. As far as I can remember this is the worst smallpox scourge Hong Kong has ever known.

2. I was

was therefore highly delighted when I learned that the Chinese Representatives on the Executive and Legislative Councils (the Hon. Dr. R. H. Kotewall, C.M.G., LL.D., the Hon. Mr. T. N. Chau, C.B.E., the Hon. Mr. M. K. Lo and the Hon. Dr. Li Shu Fan) held a conference with the Director of Medical Services (the Hon. Dr. P. S. Selwyn-Clarke) as to the best methods of stamping out this epidemic. The decision they arrived at was a house-to-house campaign to induce people to get vaccinated. This, you will agree, is a very wise policy, for although the St. John Ambulance Brigade, the Chinese Y.M.C.A. and the Chinese public dispensaries have for several months past been giving free vaccinations to a large number of people, yet there are still many who have not been vaccinated. The reason, I think, lies in the fact that either they are too lazy or else they are not yet fully conscious of the great danger they are in by not being vaccinated.

3. In these circumstances, the Chinese Representatives approached the Government to pass immediate regulations to organise a number of authorised persons to go to every house in the Colony and get people to be vaccinated without charge. They will not, of course, interfere with any one, their object being simply to induce those who have not been vaccinated to submit to vaccination. Therefore you need have no fear. This vaccination campaign will commence on the 1st of May and will last daily from 9.00 a.m. until the whole Colony has had the benefit of free vaccination.

4. I am sure those who now hear me know that the Government spends a great deal of money to secure fresh lymph for the purpose of vaccination while doctors and nurses devote a lot of time to this voluntary work. The Government gets nothing out of this. The whole idea of this vaccination is to bring benefits to you-in short, to save your lives. I sincerely hope, therefore, that all the citizens of this Colony will unite to help the Government to make a success of this campaign.

5. Those who are able to show proofs of recent vaccination will not of course have to submit to another vaccination, but those who have not been recently vaccinated must, for the sake of their own lives and the lives of those living near them, submit to vaccination. Don't delay or hesitate because you will never know when you may be a victim of this terrible scourge. If, on the other hand, you want to cheat the Government by showing false proofs of recent vaccination, you are really cheating your own selves. Also, do not conceal any cases for by so doing you are not only deceiving the Government but your own selves.

6. Those who have been vaccinated will, of course, avoid the danger of an attack from smallpox for the vaccination is an insurance against such an attack. On the other hand, those who refuse to be vaccinated will assuredly know that when they are afflicted with smallpox, their case is so serious that even the best of Western and Chinese medical assistance cannot give them absolute cure.

M 92

7. It is well-known to both Chinese and Western medicine that smallpox is a very difficult type of disease to cure for there are many types of smallpox and they differ in virulence according to different constitutions and to the quality of the bodily resistance of the victim. Therefore, I feel compulsory vaccination to be indispensable because prevention is better than cure.

8. I strongly urge everyone of you to remember these words of mine and if you have not yet been vaccinated not to delay any longer but to get free vaccination

at once.

9. I, myself, am a very keen student of Chinese medicine and have studied various diseases and ills of the body for over 30 years and now I want to tell you in a few words how China discovered smallpox many centuries ago.

10. In the 25th year of Emperor Kin Mo () of the Han Dynasty (some 1,900 years ago) the Emperor ordered his able General Fook Po (*) to lead a huge army to invade Wu Ning ()

(武陵) a district in the modern Hunan Province. On the way, the General and many of his troops died from fever. Afterwards, the corpses were found to be covered with black or red spots, each the size of a pea. On account of the likeness of these spots to a pea, the physicians in those days called the disease the pea or smallpox disease. This is the origin of the name for this particular malady. The epidemic among the troops of the Emperor was so serious that he had to withdraw. But at that time though the physicians of the Emperor did their best to find out the cause of the disease and its prevention and cure, they were not successful, though many books were written on the subject.

11. The next stage of development came about 1,500 years later in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1368-1664). A famous doctor by the name of Lip Ku Ng () published a set of books entitled the methods of saving children from smallpox (). This publication dealt with smallpox and measles and contained many illustrations and records of cases met with by the author. He propounded the theory that smallpox was caused by the presence of poison in the embryo before birth. He opined that all men and women, rich or poor, must have this poison in their system because it was there before they were born. He then collected the scabs from the dried up pox of afflicted children and ground these scabs into powder and blew them into the nose of men, women and children as a preventive measure against the outbreak of smallpox. Here we have the principle of vaccination for the powdered smallpox scabs acted like the smallpox lymph in driving out the poison from the body and so rendered the attack less serious than it would otherwise be if the poison came out without "vaccination". This method of prevention, though, crude, saved many lives.

12. It is true that during the Sung Dynasty (1127-1280 A.D.) the principle of vaccination was already known, but it hardly advanced beyond mere theory among Chinese doctors. It was left to Dr. Lip Ku Ng to give practical effect to the theories of his predecessors.

13. The third stage of development was brought about in the 52nd year of the Emperor Kiang Hsi of the Ching Dynasty (1664-1911 A.D.). The Emperor sent his own private physician by the name of Chu Shun Koo () to Mongolia and other places outside China Proper to carry out research into the origin of smallpox as well as to find out its cure and prevention. After a lapse of 26 years, he returned to China Proper and composed a book entitled "Smallpox and measles" which is a classic on the subject of smallpox. Instead of the method of blowing smallpox scabs into the nose, he advocated the inoculation of human smallpox lymph into the blood stream by means of vaccination of the arm.

14. Here we see the gradual stages of improvement of methods by the Chinese medical practitioners.

M 93

15. The next stage brings us to the 19th year of Emperor Tao Kwong of the Ching Dynasty (A.D. 1829). Dr. Jenner of England, during a very severe epidemic there, discovered the existence of pox on the udder-light blue in colour -of cows.

He drew lymph from the two light blue coloured pox and vaccinated the lymph into bullocks. Then he drew lymph from the bullocks and vaccinated them into the arms of human beings. By this means he discovered a method of vaccination which has stood the test of time, for it is obvious that lymph from human beings cannot be absolutely safe, since such lymph may contain the germs of many human diseases such as tuberculosis, leprosy, venereal diseases, etc., so that while a man may be safe from smallpox, he inay, because of the diseased lymph, contract another malady. Lymph from cows is therefore safer because it is always easier to examine a cow before lymph is extracted from it.

16. When Dr. Jenner introduced vaccination in England, a Cantonese by the name of Yau Ho Chuen (F) was there at that time and he studied this method as thoroughly as he could and returned to Canton and vaccinated over a hundred thousand children without a single fatal case of smallpox. He tried his best to persuade his countrymen to substitute the use of cow lymph for human lymph but at that time opinion was so conservative that it took fifty years before the use of cow lymph became popular.

17. I, myself, remember seeing, over 50 years ago, several cases of vaccina- tion by means of human lymph at the Tung Wah Hospital. Nowadays, of course the Tung Wah Hospital no longer uses such a method. China, too, has discarded it, though occasionally in the interior we still hear of cases of the use of human lymph as the medium of vaccination because cow lymph is sometimes unobtainable.

-

18. In the old days we in Hong Kong used to get cow lymph direct from Great Britain, the journey occupying 1 to 2 months. The voyage through the Suez Canal being at times very hot, the lymph often got spoiled so that when they were used for vaccination they proved ineffective and naturally gave no protection to the unsuspecting persons who were vaccinated with these defective lymphs.

19. Many years later, lymph was imported from Bangkok instead of Great Britain, and this not only meant a saving of time but also the certainty of having fresher lymph. To-day the lymph which is used, is absolutely fresh because it is prepared in Hong Kong.

20. The Hong Kong Government has been doing its utmost in every way to induce the public to get vaccinated without any charge. Now the Government is going still further for the sake of the lives of you all, by means of a house-to-house campaign to vaccinate those who have not yet been vaccinated.

I want to urge you

all, once again, not to neglect this very important measure of precaution.

21. Some time in October last I mentioned to various friends and relatives of mine that by the next Spring, that is, during the early part of 1938, there must be a lot of measles, smallpox, meningitis and similar disease in the Colony, they wondered why. I then pointed out to them that after every war, disease and pestilence would follow. One need only to notice the large number of guns fired and bombs thrown to realise the prodigious amount of poison which has been filling the air for many months up North. Add to this the fact that many dead bodies have been decomposing during the whole period of hostilities and you will realise how polluted the air is and has been for some time. The poison of gun-powder and of decomposed bodies is carried everywhere by the help of wind and later we in South China must get a share of this poison. Recently, the foggy and damp weather has added to the foulness of the atmosphere. It is only natural therefore for smallpox, measles, meningitis, etc. to flourish.

22. Now, I ask you all to do your utmost to help the Government by persuading all your friends and relatives to get vaccinated at once. Above all, I would urge the parents to get their children vaccinated. All parents have a very serious responsibility, for if they fail to vaccinate their children and then because

M 94

of such neglect the little ones die of smallpox, then it is almost a case of murder of innocent children. Even those who have been vaccinated a few years ago ought not to think that they are therefore immune from attack. I have a friend Mr. Chang, the Secretary of the Macao Race Club, who has had a vaccination once a year for the past fifteen years, and who thought that this year he would not take because for the past fifteen years this has been the case. He was vaccinated recently and to his surprise the vaccination took very fully. This is a proof that this year the epidemic is the most severe known in Hong Kong. Therefore, even if you have had vaccination seven or eight times in your life you must be vaccinated again. Further, even infants should be vaccinated, and I would urge that parents should start to allow their infants to be vaccinated when they are three weeks old. I have tried to impress upon you the great importance of being vaccinated, and I hope very fervently that, with you all co-operating by seeing that everyone near you is duly vaccinated, this virulent epidemic of ours will soon disappear from our midst.

Good-night, everybody.

(Note: This radio broadcast in Chinese was made by Mr. Ho Kom Tong, O.B.E., a distinguished and influential Chinese citizen of Hong Kong and the leader of herbalist practitioners. It provides an example of public health propaganda carried out at the initiation of the Government Medical Department in which valuable lessons are taught, even though some of the views expressed-e.g., the influence of gun-powder and the bodies of persons killed in action on the incidence. of smallpox-may be a little unorthodox! P.S. S-C.)

Appendix IV.

CHOLERA IN HONG KONG IN 1938.

1. The first case of cholera was notified on May 25th, 1938. The disease occurred sporadically throughout June and in July began to reach epidemic proportions. The virulence of the disease abated as the summer wore on, and the death-rate which had been 71 per centum during the first two months-that is to say in June and July-was reduced to 30-40 per centum during the months of August, September and October. The main cause of this reduction is undoubtedly to be ascribed to the well-known decrease of virulence noted in all the major epidemic diseases when an epidemic is declining; but another factor which certainly exerted some influence upon the mortality was the introduction of a routine line of treatment which was inculcated into and carried out by the staff of the hospital. It is probably more than mere coincidence that the abandonment of the experimental phase in treatment synchronised with an immediate fall in the mortality of the disease. The numerical incidence of the disease decreased as winter came on, but a few cases occurred in December and three remained in hospital at the end of the

year.

2. When the cases are arranged in age groups it will be noticed that the mortality peaks are attained at the extremes of life. Old women survived the disease more readily than old men, little boys more readily than little girls.

The age groups are as follows:-

M 95

Table I.

Total Deaths Recoveries

Percentage

mortality

Under 5

Males

8

2

6

25

Females

8

6

2

75

1-5

Males

4

Females

3

N N

2

2

50

2

1

66

5-15

Males

11

5

6

45

Females

8

3

or

5

38

15-30

Males

89

39

50

44

Females

46

23

23

50

30-60

Males

204

126

78

62

Females

97

49

48

50

60 and over Males

17

16

1

94

Females

21

13

8

62

3. The mortality rate for the series as a whole is 55 per centum. The mortality for males is slightly less than that for females, but the difference is not significant, the male mortality being 54 per centum, the female 57 per centum. The incidence of the disease was much higher in males, and this is so in every age group except the oldest sixty or over. 333 males and 184 females were attacked by the disease.

4. The two greatest dangers to life in cholera are hyperpyrexia in the reaction stage, especially after the infusion of saline, and anuria following on the suppression of the collapse stage. Until measures were adopted such as the half hourly charting of the rectal temperature during the infusion of saline and the application of ice packs when necessary, several deaths occurred from hyperpyrexia. In the first two months of the epidemic, June and July, several cases were admitted in hyperpyrexia; that is to say with a rectal temperature of 104 or over on admission. Such cases are uniformly fatal. The principal measure of value in the promotion of diuresis was found to be the six hourly intravenous infusion of equal quantities-usually 1,200 c.c. of sodium bicarbonate saline (grs. 160 to 1 pint) and normal saline.

5. The complications noted were parotitis going on to suppuration in five cases, keratitis, skin sepsis, boils, cellulitis in two cases and cholecystitis. Various pulmonary conditions such as bronchopneumonia and bronchitis were also observed and one patient died of a purulent bronchitis which supervened during convalescence. Though naked eye renal changes appear to be rare in cholera, one man recovered from cholera only to perish a fortnight later of a right-sided pyonephrosis. Diphtheria occurred as a sequela in one patient and led to a fatal issue. The commonest mistaken diagnoses were bacillary dysentery, gastro-enteritis and food poisoning. Two cases were seen in which bacillary dysentery and cholera co-existed. One ruptured ectopic gestation and one meningococcal meningitis were also sent in as cholera. Five Europeans were admitted suffering from cholera, and of these one died in anuria and four recovered.

6. The saline solutions used were 2 per centum glucose saline, normal saline and bicarbonate saline (grs. 160 to 1 pint). All patients had bacteriological examinations made from rectal swabs taken on admission and no patient was discharged until he had had two consecutive negative reports. Vibrios persisted in

M 96

some cases for remarkably long periods, and this persistence was more commonly noted in children than in adults. One German patient took thirty-one days to become vibrio-free. The data relating to the value of inoculation against cholera are not extensive enough to allow any conclusions to be drawn. Bacteriological records are available on 500 of the 517 cases. Of these 500 cases 349 proved to be vibrio positive, 151 vibrio negative. Some of the vibrio positive cases were only found to be so on a second or third examination. That is to say, 61 per centum of all cases sent in as cholera were bacteriologically proved to be so, while 30 per centum never proved to be cholera. There is little doubt that most of the 30 per centum group were suffering from cholera because 48 per centum of this group died of the disease whereas 52 per centum recovered. Of the proved positive group 40 per centum recovered and 60 per centum died. The figures in tabular form are as follows:-

Table II.

Deaths

Recoveries

Vibrio-ve.

Vibrio + ve.

Vibrio - ve.

Vibrio + ve.

Male Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

46

26

145

66

57

22

80

58

72

211

79

138

7. In a small group of 106 patients who stated definitely that they had not been inoculated, thirty-nine died and sixty-seven recovered. The mortality rate in this group was, therefore, 37 per centum. In a group of twenty-six patients who stated that they had been inoculated this year, only three died. The mortality rate here was 12 per centum. It is fair to say that the poor class Chinese did not avail themselves very widely of the facilities offered them for inoculation against cholera, and they are, of course, the people who suffer more than any other class from the disease. It was distinctly rare to find better class patients suffering from cholera.

8. The points on which most stress has to be laid in the treatment of cholera are these the fluid loss must be made good as rapidly as possible and the toxaemia must be diminished by all available means. If the fluid loss be not made good at the earliest opportunity, then the suppression of urine which invariably occurs in the stage of collapse may readily develop into an anuria which will lead to a rapidly fatal issue. Suppression occurs when the blood pressure drops below 70 systolic, and it is therefore one of the aims of treatment to raise and to keep the blood pressure above that level. But if the restoration of the fluid loss be brought about too rapidly the result is apt to be equally fatal for this reason. Saline solution is being poured into the viens of a profoundly dehydrated and collapsed man. The viscosity of the patient's blood is about 1,064-1,070, his extremities are blue and cold, his rectal temperature 104°. The circulation in the walls of the intestine has been in abeyance, if not absolutely at any rate relatively, for many hours. The blood viscosity is rapidly reduced towards the normal figure by the infusion, the circulation is restored and the immediate result is the absorption of a possibly lethal dose of toxin from the small intestine. That this is the course. of events is shown very clearly by a study of the half-hourly rectal temperatures taken during infusions. The rise of temperature is frequently sudden and if controlling measures are not to hand may cause disaster. Ice is very much more useful in cholera wards than hot water bottles. Truly did the early Anglo-Indian writers on the disease say that the reactionary stage was even more dangerous than that of collapse. Rogers quotes Calcutta figures to show that over a certain time period, no case of recovery was recorded in Europeans whose temperature_rose above 103 in the stage of reaction. This statement is happily not true in Hong Kong if one considers the rectal and not the skin temperature. Of the five

M 97

European cases which occurred in this epidemic, one died of anuria and right-sided cardiac failure, the other four recovered, one after a stormy illness in which his rectal temperature rose to 104° on several occasions.

9.

It is difficult on occasion to decide whether to restore the lost fluid rapidly, to preserve renal function and to kill the patient rapidly by inducing hyperpyrexia or to give salines slowly and watch the patient perish before he gets out of the collapse stage.

10. A happy mean must be struck and scrupulous observation of the patient's reactions to every infusion must be made. Both skin and rectal temperatures should be plotted throughout the disease, the skin temperature being taken in the axilla as the mouth is useless for this purpose in cholera. The gap between these two temperatures on admission serves as a rough guide to the degree of toxaemia which already exists, and the severity of the febrile reaction to each infusion gives a rough measure of the body's success or failure in combating this toxaemia.

1

11. Kaolin and permanganate have both been given by mouth as a routine during this epidemic. Their efficacy remains in doubt. 1/100 gr. of atropine sulphate was also given as a routine measure to all cases on admission. It seems that this does help to diminish the incidence of pulmonary oedema, a complication which can be induced only too readily by too rapid infusion of saline.

12. Theoretically it would seem that hypertonic saline was contraindicated because it could only induce a greater flow of fluid from the gut into the blood stream. This would mean that even more toxin would be absorbed and the subsequent reaction would be a violent one. Admittedly, whatever solution is used, there would be some increased absorption from the gut; but as it is desirable to reduce this to a minimum normal saline was chosen as the routine infusion.

13. Until a bacteriologically verified series of the same size has been observed and treated with hypertonic saline, it would be premature to compare the two methods. While it must be readily admitted that the mortality in Hong Kong does not approach Roger's Calcutta figures, it is pertinent to observe that a scrutiny of the 1938 Indian cholera figures shows beyond a peradventure that the mortality rate of cholera in India today is just what it is in the rest of the world, namely 50 per centum. Shanghai is, of course, exempted from this generalisation. It is felt that not even India, has yet claimed a mortality rate of 7 per centum.

P. B. Wilkinson, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. (Lon.), M.B., B.S. (Lon.), M.R.C.P. (Lon.), Medical Officer.

Note. The average monthly percentage humidity in Hong Kong in 1938 varied little from 77 in January to 85 in March, 80 or above until September then falling to a minimum of 67 in November and rising to 76 in December.

There was no obvious correlation between the percentage humidity and the monthly incidence of cholera.

The average maximum temperature readings rose from 66°F in January-with a slight transient fall to 63°F in February--to 83.5°F at the commencement of the outbreak in May reaching a peak (89°F) in June and then gradually falling below 80°F in November and to 70°F in December.

The fastigium of the outbreak in 1938 occurred in July, after the temperature curve had reached its maximum for the year in the previous month; but the incidence fell rapidly in spite of the fact that both temperature and humidity showed inappreciable change until November.

M 98

The months of highest rainfall in 1938 were May (8.7 inches), July (12.2 inches) and August (7.88 inches).

The suggested association (Russell) between high relative humidity and high temperature accompanied by intermittent rains and the incidence of cholera in Hong Kong is certainly not a close one.

Certain authorities (Rogers) hold the view that cholera becomes epidemic only when the absolute humidity rises above 0.4 inch.

It is certainly a fact that the monthly absolute humidity figure was 0.91 inch in July at the peak of the outbreak and in August when a secondary peak was noted; however, the average monthly absolute humidity figure was 0.67 inch for the year, was over 0.8 inch from May to September and never below the figure of 0.4 inch mentioned above.

Under the circumstances, it would be unwise to draw any very definite conclusions_regarding the influence of climatic conditions on the incidence of cholera in Hong Kong, except to suggest that there was a tendency for outbreaks to occur at a period of the year when temperature and rainfall are usually higher than during other periods. P.S.S-C.

Table I.

QUEEN MARY

MENTAL

KOWLOON

TSAN YUK

KENNEDY TOWN

Appendix A.

HOSPITAL.

RETURN OF DISEASES

FOR THE YEAR 1938.

Appendix B.

Table II,

TUNG WAH

TUNG WAH EASTERN

KWONG WAH

CHINESE HOSPITAL.

RETURN OF DISEASES

FOR THE YEAR 1938.

Note: The returns for the Government hospitals are given separately from those of the Chinese hospitals although both treat Chinese patients. The reason for this separation lies in the fact the Chinese hospitals are, for the most part, so overcrowded and short of qualified staff that it is very difficult to secure an accurate diagnosis of the cases of disease in a large proportion of those treated.

1

Diseases.

M 99

Appendix A. Table I.

Appendix B. Table II.

GOVERNMENT HOSPITALS.

Yearly total.

Remaining in hospital at end of 1937.

Admis-

sions.

CHINESE HOSPITALS.

Yearly total.

Deaths.

Total Cases Treated.

Remaining in hospital at end of 1933.

Remaining in hospital at end of 1937.

Admis-

sions.

Deaths.

Total Cases

Treated.

Remaining in hospital at end of 1938.

I.-Infectious & Parasitic

Diseases.

1. Typhoid fever

2. Paratyphoid fevers

3. Typhus fever

4. Relapsing fever

5. Undulant fever

6. Small-pox :-

(a) Variola major (6) Variola minor (alastrim)

7. Measles

LO

110

1

27

114

12

1

1

1

1

NJ

179

59

182

2

2

|

14

844

361

858

11

*204

5

Ch

204

1

2

2

2

5

70

4

75

1

258

94

258

8. Scarlet fever

1

1

2

1

9. Whooping cough

2

1

2

10

2

ลง

10

1

10. Diphtheria

4

62

21

66

8

1

168

115

169

1

11. Influcza

450

LO

5

454

1

40

1,290

185

1,330

20

522

276

522

מא

*303

8

303

12. Cholera

13. Dysentery

(a) Amoebic

(b) Bacillary

(c) Other or unspecified

14. Plague-

(a) Bubonic

(b) Pneumonic

(c) Septicaemic

15. Erysipelas

16. Acute poliomyelitis

17. Encephalitis lethargica

13. Cerebro-spinal meningitis.

19. Glanders

20. Anthrax

21. Rabies

31

22. Tetanus

23. Tuberculosis of the respira-

tory system

24. Tuberculosis of the central

nervous system

25. Tuberculosis of intestines

and peritoneum

26. Tuberculosis of vertebral

column

3903

126

5

1

+

2

3

11

129

34 567

14

43

201

575

1

1

9

19

28

111

رنا

[11

21

| 1

3

1

1

21

2

1

5

LO

221

110

222

19

5

*297

98

702

1

1

4

כא

2

46

19

48

24

353

71

37'7

34

117

3,603 1,879

3,725

111

1

30

30

30

3

190

164

201

1

1

12

3

12.

LO

5

12

15

20

17

11

223

11

1

64

2,836 928 2,900

01

197

7,244

2,869

7,441

178

* These figures are based on cases admitted to the Chinese Hospitals and transferred thence to the

Total carried forward

Infectious Diseases Hospital.

Diseases.

M 100

Appendix A.

Table I.

Appendix B. Table II.

GOVERNMENT HOSPITALS.

Yearly total.

Remaining in hospital at end of 1937.

Admis-

sions.

Deaths.

CHINESE HOSPITALS.

Yearly total.

Total Cases

Treated.

Remaining in hospital at end of 1938.

Remaining in hospital at

end of 1937.

Admis-

sions.

Brought forward

64

2,836

928 2,900

91

197

7,244

I.-Infectious & Parasitic

Diseases.-(Contd.)

27. Tuberculosis of other

boues and joints

28. Tuberculosis of skin and

subcutaneous tissues

29. Tuberculosis of the lym-

phatic system

30. Tuberculosis of genito-

urinary system

31. Tuberculosis of other

1

organs

32.

Disseminated tuberculosis...

3

33. Leprosy

122

62

:

22 25

276

✓ 34. Syphillis

(a) Congenital

(b) Primary

(c) Secondary

(d) Tertiary

35. Other venereal diseases :-

(a) Gonorrhoeal

opthalmia

(b) Gonorrhoea

(c) Soft chancre

36. Purulent infection :-

(a) Septicaemia

1

Deaths.

Total Cases

Treated.

Remaining in hospital at

end of 1938.

2,869 7,441 178

31

34

Z

24

78

19

102

18

8

1

8

10

21

5

LO

00

8

4

∞

31

1

10

4

11

18

17

2885

15

15

30

30

338

133

11

11

:

1

1

1

23

14

23

1

1

LO

5

5

LO

5

2

4

5 6

114

114

8

53

13

57

9

У

1

13

14

6

310

316

7

27

29

1

9

1

2

36

309

30

36

1 1 1

(b) Pyaemia

(c) Gas gangrene

1

1

1

37. Yellow fever

38. Malaria

56

56

T

(a) Benign tertian

3

202

205

2

222

456

1

478

11

(b) Quartan

14

1

14

10

1

10

(c) Sub-tertian

·10

345

21

355

11

38

(d) Cachexia

3

36

96

3

99

1

03

1,751

460

1,789

102

34

21

37

4

39. Other diseases due to

protozoa :-

(a) Kala-azar

(b) Trypanosomiasis

(c) Yaws

40. Ankylostomiasis

T

3

68

2

71

1

1

41. Hydatid cysts

306

1

37

Total carried forward

158

4,402

997

4,560 258

325 9,839

3,467, 10,164

322

2

་

1

Diseases.

M 101

Appendix A.

Table I.

Appendix B. Table II.

GOVERNMENT HOSPITALS.

Yearly total.

Remaining in hospital at end of 1937.

Admis-

sions.

Deaths.

CHINESE HOSPITALS.

Yearly total.

Total Cases

Treated.

Remaining in hospital at

end of 1938.

Remaining in hospital at

end of 1937.

Admis-

sions.

Brought forward

158

4,402

997 4,560

258

325

9,839

1.-Infectious & Parasitic

Diseases.-(Contd.)

42. Other diseases due to

helminths :-

(a) Ascariasis

(b) Filariasis

(c) Taeniasis

(d) Clonorchiasis

(e) Schistosomiasis

43. Mycoses:

(a) Actinomycosis

(b) Other mycoses (spruc

44. Other infectious or para

sitic diseases :--

(a) Vaccinia

(b) Other sequelae of

vaccination

(c) German measles

(d) Varicella

(e) Mumps

(f) Dengue

(g) Glandular fever

(h) Blackwater fever...

11-Cancer and Other Tumours

45. Cancer or other malignant diseases of the buccal cavity, and pharynx

46. Cancer or other malignant tumours of the digestive organs, & peritoneum :-

(a) Oesophagus

(b) Stomach & duodenum

(c) Rectum

(d) Liver and biliary

passages

(e) Other digestive organs

47. Cancer or other malignant tumours of the respiratory orgaus

48. Cancer or other malignant

tumours of the uterus ..

49. Cancer or other malignant tumours of other female genital organs

50. Cancer or other malignant

tumours of the breast

2

11

Deaths.

Total Cases

Treated.

Remaining in hospital at end of 1938.

3,467❘ 10,164

322

8275

8276

88

2

4

66

70

3

3

15

15

1

2 3

2

8

1

av av

14

8

223

2230

13

1

I I

1 1

1

14

21

21

13

1

34

ផន

9

111

223

1

7

4

1

9

13

mancom

2

1

19

מא

3

13

4

31

11

3

1 2

2

174

3

93

כא כא

10

13

2

∞

2

20

כא

3

| !

ريا

1

3 -

1

21

22222

34

11 1

I

1 1 1

1

31

17

36

2

1

29

7

145

1

29

1

7

20

17

20

LO

5

1

6

65

30

65

6

16

2

1

1

1

2

3

38

1

41

66

2223

66

Total carried forward

179

4,703 1,015 4,882 285

34110,191 3,579❘ 10,532

336

Diseases.

M 102

Appendix A. Table I.

Appendix B.

Table II.

GOVERNMENT HOSPITALS.

Yearly total.

Remaining in hospital at end of 1937.

Admis-

sions.

Brought forward

II.-Cancer and other Tumours.

(Contd.)

51. Cancer or other malignant! tumours of the male genito-urinary organs

179

4,703

CHINESE HOSPITALS.

Yearly total.

Deaths.

Total Cases

Treated.

Remaining in hospital at end of 1938.

Remaining in hospital at end of 1937.

Admis-

sions.

Deaths.

Total Cases

Treated.

Remaining in hospital at

end of 1938.

1,015 4,882 285

341 10,191 3,579 10,532

2

7

1

9

336

1

6

3

3

1

56

15

56

52. Cancer or other malignant

tumours of the skin

1

2

53. Cancer or other malignant

tumours of organs not specified

1

12

4

13

O

54. Non-malignant tumours:-

(a) Female genital organs (b) Other sites

2

115

275

24

LO

225

24

1

5

117

13

55. Tumours of undetermined

nature:-

(a) Female genital organs (b) Other sites

III.—Rheumatism, Diseases of Nutrition and of Endocrine Glands, and Other General Diseases.

11

11

1

2

2323

13

11

2

2

1

22222223

1

13

3

3

3

בא

21

2898

12

28

17

25

61

35

57

72

7

73

2

223

74

1

T

56. Rheumatic fever

1

|

1

57.

Chronic rheumatism, osteo-

arthritis :-

(a) Chronic rheumatism.

2

19

(b) Rheumatoid arthritis

28

58. Gout

982

59. Diabetes mellitus

60. Scurvy

61. Beri-beri

10

1

10

1

22

CN

23

1

1

1

8 166

22

174

6

62. Pellagra

63. Rickets

64. Osteomalacia.

65. Diseases of the pituitary

gland

66. Diseases of the thyroid and parathyroid glands

(a) Simple goitre

(b) Exophthalmic goitre

(c) Myxoedema, cretin-

ism

(d) Tetany

(e) Other diseases

67. Diseases of the thymus

1

20

2

25

CO

8

8

1

1

12

12

1

סא

3

LO LO

5

5

12

1

12

1

1

269 5,207 1,863 5,476

215

1

1

1

1

23

2 3

2

3

1

Total carried forward

201

5,162 1,053 5,363

315

639: 15,641

5,471 16.280 569

Diseases.

Brought forward

III.--Rheumatism, Diseases of Nutrition and of Endocrine Glands, and Other General Diseases.-(Contd.)

68. Diseases of the adrenal glands (excluding tuber- culosis)

69. Other general diseases

IV.-Diseases of the Blood and Blood Forming Organs.

70. Haemorrhagic conditions:-

M 103

Appendix A.

Table I.

Appendix B. Table II.

GOVERNMENT HOSPITALS.

Yearly total.

Remaining in hospital at

end of 1937.

Admis-

sions.

2015,162

Deaths.

CHINESE HOSPITALS.

Yearly total.

Total Cases

Treated.

Remaining in hospital at end of 1938.

Remaining in

end of 1937. hospital at

Admis-

sions.

Deaths.

Total Cases

Treated.

Remaining in

end of 1938. hospital at

1,053 5,363 315 639 15,641 5,471 16,280 569

17

1

17

2

18

18

(a) Purpura

1

4

7

(b) Haemophilia

71. Anaemia, chlorosis :—

(a) Pernicious anaemia...

2

2

16

(b) Other anaemias and

chlorosis

1

23

1

24

1

2

56

(1) Splenic anaemia

(ii) Others

1

1

29

26

72. Leukaemia, aleukaemia :-

(a) Leukaemia

Chronic myeloid

Chronic lymphatic... Acute

Multiple myeloma

(b) Aleukaemia (lym-

phadenoma)

73. Diseases of the spleen

() Banti's disease

() Other diseases of the

spleen

74. Other diseases of the blood] and blood forming organs

V.-Chronic Poisoning.

1

1

1

1

1

خبر

1

+

}

1

16

}

8888

58

1

55

55.

1

20

1

21

2

27

1

27

2

75. Alcoholism (acute or chro-

nic)

28

28

76. Chronic poisoning by other

organic substances :-

Opium habit

Morphine habit

Others

80

38

77. Chronic

poisoning by

mineral substances :-

(a) Occupational

poisoning

(2) Other chronic poison-

ing by mineral

lead

| |

M

80

38

N

39

1,465

34 1,504

10

מא

3

4

1

5

Total carried forward

205 5,378 1,064 5.583

325

747 17 213

5,512 17,965

582

Diseases.

Carried forward

VI.-Diseases of the Nervous System and Sense Organs.

78. Encephalitis :-

(a) Cerebral abscess (b) Others

M 104 -

Appendix A.

Table I.

Appendix B. Table II.

GOVERNMENT HOSPITALS.

Yearly total.

Remaining in hospital at end of 1937.

Admis-

sions.

205

5,378

Deaths.

CHINESE HOSPITALS.

Yearly total.

Total Cases

Treated.

Remaining in hospital at

end of 1938.

Remaining in hospital at end of 1937.

Admis-

sions.

Deaths.

Total Cases

Treated.

Remaining in hospital at end of 1938.

1,064 5,583 325 747 17,218

5,512 17,965 582

3

1

3

79. Meningitis (does not

include C.S.M.)

11

11

11

1

80. Tabes dorsalis (locomotor

ataxy)

81. Other diseases of the spinal]|

cord :-

(a) Progressive muscular

atrophy

(b) Subacute

sclerosis

combined

(c) Myelitis of unstated

origin

2

(d) Other diseases in-

1

cluded under 81

82. Cerebral haemorrhage, apo-

plexy, etc :-

(a) Cerebral haemorrhage||

(b) Cerebral

embolism

and thrombosis

(c) Hemiplegia and other

paralysis of unstated origin

83. General paralysis of the

I

1224

3

1

1

1

1

222

1

1

22273

12

3

12

16

3

16

រ

31

25

31

1

2

4

1

4

1

2

223353

129

255

7

73

13

75

1

33

1

34

3

4

202

39

206

6

insane

1

166

3

17

8

1

}

84. Other forms of insanity

(a) Dementia praecox

11

50

61

(b) Others

44

368

29

412

988

19

12

85. Epilepsy

26

1

26

86. Infantile convulsions

1

1

1

2

3

69

32

28

12

←

72

32

2 2 2

1

87. Other diseases of the ner-

vous system :—

(a) Chorea

(b) Neuritis, neuralgia...

T

8

40

48

5

193

(c) Paralysis agitans

1,020 28

1,213

72

28

(d) Disseminated sclerosis

(e) Hysteria

(f) Neurasthenia

(g) Others

88. Diseases of the eye :-

(a) Conjunctivitis

(b) Trachoma

(c) Corneal ulcer

(d) Other diseases

23

2371

2

3

13

13

1

1

23

5+

37

37

الله الله

2

5

24

∞ 51

16

100

៩៩ឆ

29

116

ཛཿ8མི

N N

2

2

8

15

2925

61

63

8

34

43

1

23

25

592

607

17

Total carried forward

292 6,209 1,137

6,501

463

980 19,722

5,711: 20,702

712

Diseases.

M 105

Appendix A. Table I.

GOVERNMENT HOSPITALS.

Yearly total.

Appendix B.

Table II.

CHINESE HOSPITALS.

Yearly total.

Remaining in hospital at

end of 1937.

Admis-

sions.

Brought forward

VI.-Diseases of the Nervous,

System and Sense Organs -(Contd.)

89. Diseases of the ear and of

the mastoid sinus :-

(a) Otitis externa

(b) Otitis media (c) Mastoiditis (d) Others

VII.-Diseases of the

Circulatory System.

Deaths.

Total Cases

Treated.

Remaining in hospital at end of 1938.

Remaining in hospital at end of 1937.

Admis-

sions.

292

6,209

1,137

6,501

i

Deaths.

Total Cases

Treated.

Remaining in hospital at

end of 1938.

463

980 19,722 5,711 20,702 712

1

172

11

11

1

2

72

1 1 1 1

2502

2

23

5

1 1

ลง

2

38

1

40

2

90. Pericarditis

1

1

1

91. Acute endocarditis :-

(a) Malignant endocar-

ditis

2

2

2

(b) Other acute endocar-

ditis

2

11

==

10

3

5

12 23

10

13

1

92. Chronic endocarditis, val-

vular disease :-

(a) Aortic valve disease (b) Mitral valve disease

4

22

23

29

(c) Aortic and mitral

valve disease

(d) Endocarditis not re- turned as acute or chronic

e) Other or unspecified

valve disease

93. Diseases of the myocar-

dium :-

(a) Acute myocarditis () Myocardial degenera-

tion

94. Diseases of the coronary

arteries :-

(a) Angina pectoris

(6) Coronary sclerosis

95. Other diseases of the

heart :-

(a) Disordered action of

ז מא

3

1

}

223233

1

12

1

12

8

4

14

337

553

57

16

65

2

116

351

11

1

1

1

3

2

1

כא

3

5

5

1

1

I

1

4

30

5

34

2

604

382

613

LO

5

5

2

10

1

13

1

5

∞

1

heart

16

8

16

(b) Other diseases in- cluded under 95

1

14

15

96. Aneurysm

2

10

97. Arterio-sclerosis

5

6 5 2

10

98. Gangrene

12

2

1223

99. Other diseases of the

arteries

Total carried forward

307 6,441 1,174 6,743

~

1

10

2

13

1

00

8

29

15

29

2

1

484 1.014 20.024 6,252 21,838 743

Diseases.

M 106

Appendix A. Table I.

Appendix B. Table II.

GOVERNMENT HOSPITALS.

Yearly Total.

CHINESE HOSPITALS.

Yearly Total.

Remaining in hospital at end of 1937.

Admis-

sions.

Deaths.

Brought forward

307

6,441

1,174 6,748

484

1,014 20,824 6,252 21,838

743

VII.-Diseases of the

Circulatory System.

-(Contd.)

100. Diseases of the veins :-

(a) Varicose veins

(b) Haemorrhoids

(c) Phlebitis

(d) Thrombosis

(e) Others

101. Diseases of the lymphatic

11

11

5

35

40

5

6

3

3

1

1

19

19

system, etc.)

(lymphangitis,

}

100

2

100

12

102. Abnormalities

of

blood

pressure :-

1

8

9

(a) Arterial hypertension

(b) Arterial hypotension

103. Other diseases of the circulatory system

VIII.-Diseases of the Respiratory System.

104. Diseases of the nasal

fossae and annexa :-

(a) Diseases of the nose (b) Diseases of the ac-

cessory nasal sinuses

105. Diseases of the larynx :— (a) Laryngismus stridu-

1

24

24

1

།ༀ།" |

130

12

1

35

25

37

2

==

41

41

3

1

42

44

ம

=223

11

22

3

12

22

22 23

lus

1

1

(b) Laryngitis

1

6

7

2

כא

3

5

(c) Other

diseases of

the larynx

Į

1

1

106. Bronchitis :-

(a) Acute bronchitis

1

130

(b) Chronic bronchitis ..

47

43

131

10

47

5

10

28 1,080 302 1,108 14 2,343 460 2,357

19

57

(c) Bronchitis not dis- tinguished as acute

or chronic

2

65

3

67

P

107. Broncho-pneumonia

2

165

108

167

1

22

21

96

3

117

3

21

3,213 2,446 3,234

42

108. Lobar pneumonia

5

81

47

86

4

1,211

450 1,215

16

109. Pneumonia (not otherwise

defined)

11

2

11

7

136

100

143

110. Pleurisy :--

(a) Empyema

(b) Other pleurisy

1

2883

26

4

1

22230

4

17

29

7

27

Total carried forward

331

7,285 1,348

7,616

535

2. 4

2

17

4

27

1,130 29,136 | 10,022 30.266

N N

2

2

900

Diseases.

:

M 107

Appendix A.

Table I.

Appendix B. Table II.

GOVERNMENT HOSPITALS,

Yearly total.

Remaining in hospital at end of 1937.

Admis-

sions.

Brought forward

331

7,285

VIII.-Diseases of the

Respiratory System. -(Contd.)

111. Congestion and haemor-

rhagic infarct of lung,

Deaths.

CHINESE HOSPITALS.

Yearly total.

Total Cases

Treated.

Remaining in hospital at end of 1938.

Remaining in hospital at end of 1937.

Admis-

sions.

Deaths.

Total Cases

Treated.

Remaining in hospital at end of 1938.

1,348 7,616 535 1,130 29,136 | 10,022

30,266

etc :-

(a) Hypostatic conges-

tion of lungs

1

1

1

1

(b) Other diseases in-

cluded under 111

1

1

1

2

2

2

112. Asthma

77

1

77

8

217

13

225

113. Pulmonary emphysema

1

1

1

1

1

1

the

114. Other diseases of

respiratory system :-

(a) Chronic interstitial pneumonia, includ- ing occupational disease of the lung.. (b) Other diseases in-

cluded in 114 :- (1) Gangrene of the

lung

(2) Other

diseases

included under

1146

IX.-Diseases of the Digestive System.

115. Diseases of the buccal

cavity, pharynx etc :-

(a) Diseases of the teeth

and gums

(b) Ludwig's angina (c) Diseases of the ton-

sils

(d) Other diseases in-

cluded in 115

116. Discases of the oesophagus

117. Ulcer of the stomach or

duodenum:-

(a) Ulcer of the stomach (b) Ulcer of the duode-

num

118. Other diseases of the

stomach :-

1

14

6

14

}

1

1

156

2

157

2

101

9

101

7

2

2

2

6

10

39

287

1

1

2

| ིི 8 ས

293

92

3

92

39

1

1

2

1

כא

3

44

7

2

41

1

225

47

3

150

72

122

150

19

43

2

70

9

70

1

(a) Inflammation of the

stomach

1

61

62

3

25

171

12

196

1

(b) Other diseases

in-

Icluded in 118

1

82

1

83

כא

3

6

301

137

307

11

119. Diarrhoea and enteritis

(under 2 years)

1

86

26

87

∞

33

772

573

805

10

Total carried forward

346 8,177 1,397 8,523 556 1,202 31,015 10,855 32,217 949

900

Diseases.

Remaining in hospital at end of 1937.

M 108

Appendix A.

Table I.

GOVERNMENT HOSPITALS.

Yearly total.

Appendix B.

Table II.

CHINESE HOSPITALS.

Yearly total.

Admis-

sions.

Deaths.

Total Cases Treated.

Remaining in hospital at end of 1938.

Remaining in hospital at end of 1937.

Admis-

sions.

Brought forward

346

8,177

1,397 8,523

IX.-Diseases of the

Digestive System. -(Contd.)

120. Diarrhoea and enteritis

(2 years and over) :—

(a) Colitis

(b) Otherwise defined

121. Appendicitis

122. Hernia, intestinal ob-

Deaths.

Total Cases

Treated.

Remaining in

end of 1938. hospital at

556 1,202 31.015 10,855 32,217 949

2

281

11

283

3

8

208

23

216

3

39

39

1

35

2,583

1,052

2,558

65

10

103

113

6

2

54

20

56

3

struction —

(a) Hernia

51

N

55

1

2

103

4

105

3

(b) Intestinal

obstruc-

tion

14

9

14

2

44

12!

44

123. Other diseases of the

intestines :-

(a) Constipation

(b) Diverticulitis

(c) Others included un-

der 123

124. Cirrhosis of the liver :-

1

70

17

(a) Returned as alcoholic

(b) Not

returned as

alcoholic

2

7

125. Other diseases of the

liver:

(a) Acute yellow atrophy

(b) Others included un-

der 125

Amoebic abscess... Hepatitis

126. Biliary calculi

5 2

14

1

|

1 1

เง

1

14

5

LO N

2

1

71

1

95

96

3

19

1.

87

87

2

2

I

9

2

1

539

58

540

7

1

48

48

5

9

1

9

127. Other diseases of the gall bladder and ducts

1

41

2

42

6

6

128. Diseases of the pancreas.

ลง

2

1

2

1

1

1

129. Peritonitis without stated

cause

2

37

11

39

39

33

18

33

3

X.--Non-Veneral Diseases of the Genito-Urinary System and Annexa.

130. Acute nephritis

1

131. Chronic nephritis

2

132. Nephritis not stated to

be acute or chronic

21

222 22

34

6

27

6

23

22

36

M

27

659

1,067 276

141

668

4

1,094

35

35

27

2

18

279

103

297

13

Total carried forward

373 8,944 1,460 9,317

578

1,305 36,834 12,571 38,079

1,095

Diseases.

Brought forward

X.-Non-Veneral Diseases of the Genito-Urinary System and Annexa.-(Contd.)

133. Other diseases of

kidney and annexa :-

Remaining in hospital at end of 1937.

3

M 109

Appendix A. Table I.

GOVERNMENT HOSPITALS.

Yearly total.

Appendix B. Table II.

CHINESE HOSPITALS.

Yearly total.

Admis-

sions.

Deaths.

Total Cases

Treated.

Remaining in hospital at end of 1938.

Remaining in hospital at end of 1937.

Admis-

sions.

373

8,944

1,460 9,317

Deaths.

Total Cases Treated.

Remaining in hospital at end of 1938.

578 1,305 36,834 12,571 38,079 1,095

the

(a) Pyelitis

44

1

(6) Other diseases in-

cluded under 133 ..

47

1

==

44

2

7

כא

7

47

2

30

9

30

134. Calculi of the urinary

passages:-

(a) Čalculi of kidney

and ureter

1

30

(b) Calculi of the blad-

der

3

220

31

3

מא

29

1

32

4

מא

(c) Calculi of unstated

site

3

3

3

44

47

3

3

135. Diseases of the bladder :-

(a) Cystitis

(b) Other diseases of

the bladder

136. Diseases of the urethra,

urinary abscess, etc:-

(a) Stricture of the

urethra

(b) Other diseases

the urethra, etc.

137. Diseases of the prostate

138. Diseases of the male

genital organs :-

(a) Phimosis

(b) Paraphimosis

24

1

- 28

828

223

29

60

4

64

2

24

2

18.

20:

1

13

14

57

2

of

1

40

41

1

39

58

57

39

77

7

11

1

51

52

GJ

1

11

=

11

46

46

1

2525

26

17

27

&&

27

17

27

1-

(c) Hydrocele

139. Diseases of the female

genital organs :-

(a) 1. Diseases of

Ovary

the

2. Diseases of the

fallopian tube

3. Diseases of the

parametrium

לא

41

1

45

1

25

(b) Diseases of the

uterus

3

283

286

(c) Diseases of the

breast

36

EN 2 2 2

44

כא

3

5.

1.

сл

5

1

45

3

15

15

1

26

3233

33

сл

5

128

1

128

36

2

1

36

37

(d) Other diseases of the female genital organs.

6

111

117

ลง

2

~

2

2

XI-Diseases of Pregnancy,

Childbirth and the Puerperal State.

140. Post-abortive sepsis :- Septic abortion

3

3

Total carried forward

394 9,858 1,464 | 10,252

610

1,316

37,388 12,592 38,644 1,109

Diseases.

Remaining in hospital at end of 1937.

M 110

Appendix A.

Table I.

Appendix B. Table II.

GOVERNMENT HOSPITALS.

Yearly total.

Admis-

sions.

Deaths.

Total Cases

Treated.

Remaining in hospital at end of 1938.

Remaining in hospital at end of 1937.

Admis-

sions.

CHINESE HOSPITALS.

Yearly total.

Deaths.

Total Cases

Treated.

Remaining in hospital at end of 1938,

Brought forward

XI.-Diseases of Pregnancy, Childbirth and the Puerperal State.-(Contd.)

141. Abortion not returned as

septic :--

(a) Haemorrhage follow-

ing abortion

(b) Without record of

haemorrhage

142. Ectopic gestation

394 9,858

1,464 | 10,252 610 1,316 37,388 12,592 38,644

כא

~

382

1,109

131

3

131

92

92

8

8

9

9

1

1

9

3

10

1

17

18

143. Other accidents of preg-

nancy

144. Puerperal haemorrhage :-

(a) Placenta praevia

13

13

316

38

1

23

24

(b) Other

puerperal

haemorrhage

3

45

NO

3

48

I

48

10

48

29

8

29

145. Puerperal sepsis :-

(a) Puerperal septicaemia

and pyaemia

6

3

a

6

1

26

26

26

25

(b) Puerperal tetanus

2

50

52

146. Puerperal albuminuria and

convulsions :-

(a) Puerperal

convul.

sions

2

17

1

ลง

19

1

1

9

10

2

1

25

7

25

(b) Other conditions in-

cluded in 146

147. Other toxaemias of preg-

nancy

148. Puerperal phlegmasia alba dolens, embolism and sudden death :-

Puerperal phlegma- sia alba dolens not returned as septic... Puerperal embolism and sudden death...

149. Conditions associated with

6

1

6

2

11

1

13

labour :-

(a) Normal labour

67 4,355

4,422

(b) Accidents of child-

birth

3

30

33

(c) False labour

363

363

150. Other or unspecified con- ditions of the puerperal

state :-

(a) Puerperal insanity...

(b) Puerperal diseases

of the breast

60

¡

60

3888

82

84

6,723

1

6,807 107

T

Total carried forward

474 14,976 1,482 15,450

696

1,404 44,415 12,632 45,759

1,218

38

383

1

Diseases.

Brought forward

XII.-Diseases of the Skin

and Cellular Tissue.

151. Carbuncle, boil

152. Cellulitis, acute abscess :-

(a) Cellulitis

(b) Acute abscess

153. Other diseases of the skin

and its annexa

XIII. Diseases of the Bones and Organs of Locomotion.

154. Acute infective osteomye- litis and periostitis

155. Other

bones

diseases of the

156. Discases of the joints and

other organs of loco- motion :-

Remaining in hospital at

end of 1937.

M 111

Appendix A. Table I.

Appendix B.

Table II.

GOVERNMENT HOSPITALS.

Yearly total.

Admis-

sions.

474 14,976

Deaths.

Total Cases

Treated.

Remaining in hospital at end of 1938.

Remaining in hospital at end of 1937.

CHINESE HOSPITALS.

Yearly total.

Admis-

sions.

Deaths.

Total Cases

Treated.

Remaining in

end of 1938. hospital at

1,482 15,450 696 1,404 44,415 12,632 45,759 1,218

5

170

3

175

3

118

4

121

13

123

406

1

419

བ་

14

380

7

19

28

28

Į

4

90

13

94

6

сл

5

LO

5

2 23

12

422

66

434

9

1,414

53: 1,446

75

394

13

10

460

470

78

26

2

5

28

88

25

25

3

4

30

(a) Diseases of the joints

122

72

3

15

75

2

5

48

(b) Diseases of other

organs of locomotion

1

53

1

54

1

:|

XIV. Congenital Malforma-

tions

157. Congenital malformations :--

N

(a) Congenital

hydro-

cephalus

2

1

2

2

15

6

17

(3) Spina

bifida and

meningocele

(c) Congenital malform-

ation of heart

7

7

2

10

2

(d) Monstrosities

(e) Other

congenital

3

17

6

20

malformations

XV.-Diseases of Early

Infancy.

158. Congenital debility

159. Premature birth

160. Injury at birth

8

M

|

10

010

CO

8

2235

כא

3

34

34

2

53

13

1

22

21

11

22

12

12

12

223

1

3

266

216

269

8

1

125

116

126

4

2

4

Total carried forward

524 .16,285 1,529 16,800

735

1.482 47.728 13,112 48,745

1,413

Diseases.

Brought forward ......

XV.-Diseases of Early

Infancy.-(Contd.)

161. Other diseases peculiar to

early infancy

(a) Atelectasis

(b) Icterus neonatorum....

(c) Other

diseases in-

cluded in 161

Diseases of the

umbilicus

Pemphigus neo-

natorum

Others

included

under 161c.

T

Remaining in hospital at

end of 1937.

در

M 112-

Appendix A.

Table I.

GOVERNMENT HOSPITALS.

Yearly total.

Appendix B. Table II.

CHINESE HOSPITALS.

Yearly total.

Admis-

sions.

524 16,285

1

021

5

Deaths.

Total Cases

Treated.

Remaining in hospital

end of 1938.

Remaining in hospital at

end of 1937.

Admis-

sions.

Deaths.

Total Cases

Treated.

Remaining in

end of 1938. hospital at

1,529 16,809

735 1,482 47,328 13,112 48,745 1,413

2

1

2

T

|

38

38

2

39

1

XVI.-Old Age.

162. Old Age :—

(a) Senile dementia

(b) Other

forms

of

1

senile decay

XVII.-Conditions Associated

with Violence.

163. Suicide, or attempted suicide, by poisoning (including corrosive poi- soning)

164. Suicide, or attempted

suicide, by gas poisoning!

165. Suicide, or attempted suicide, by hanging or strangulation

166. Suicide, or attempted

suicide, by drowning

167. Suicide,

or

1

|

81

attempted

suicide, by firearms

168. Suicide, or attempted

suicide, by cutting or piercing instruments

169. Suicide,

suicide,

or attempted

by jumping

from a height

170. Suicide, or attempted

כאן

7

suicide, by crushing

171. Suicide,

or attempted

suicide, by other means

3

172. Infanticide

T

|

23

20 1,239 513 1,259

1 131

21

132

3

27

27

20

1

Total carried forward

526 16,576 1,563 | 17,102

740

10

3

20

20

81

1

}

1,503 48,605 | 13,631 50,043 1,495

1

5

כוד

3

10 M

82

Diseases.

Remaining in hospital at

end of 1937.

Admis-

sions.

Deaths.

M 113

Appendix A.

Table I.

GOVERNMENT Hospitals.

Yearly total.

Appendix B.

Table II.

CHINESE HOSPITALS.

Yearly total.

Total Cases

Treated.

Remaining in hospital at end of 1938.

Remaining in hospital at

end of 1937.

Admis-

sions.

Deaths.

Total Cases

Treated.

Remaining in hospital at end of 1938.

Brought forward......

XVII.-Conditions Associated with Violence.—(Contd.)

173. Assault or homicide, by

firearms

174. Assault or homicide, by cutting or piercing in- struments

175. Assault or homicide, by

otlier means

176. Attacks by

animals :-

(a) Snake bite

(b) Insect bite

(c) Others

177. Food poisoning

venomous

178. Accidental absorption of irrespirable or poisonous gas

179. Other acute accidental

poisoning

180. Injuries due to conflagra-

tion

181. Accidental burns :-

(conflagration excepted)-

(a) Burns by fire

(b) Scalds

(c) Burns by corrosive

substances

(d) Dermatitis due to

sun

(e) Dermatitis due

to

exposure to other forms of radiation...

182. Accidental

suffocation

mechanical

183. Accidental immersion or

drowning

184. Accidental injury by fire-

arms

185. Accidental injury by cut- ting or piercing instru- ments

186. Accidental injury by fall, crushing, etc. (This title includes all accidental deaths from injuries by falling, on railways, by vehicles, by machinery, by landslides, etc.).

526 16,576

1,563 17,102

Į

| | |

1

I

1

כא

2

740 1,503 48,605 13,631 50,043

1

1

522

1

522

10

206

2

206

4

1

1

7

7

8

8

15

15

1

1

15

16

1

16

40

40

4

1

60

6

60

1

3

153

7

156

4

7

7

3

124

8

-

1

J

1,495

N N

2

2

08

18

20

60

220

62

3

8

48

8

48

10

65

126

191

74

8

338

86

10

3

44

47

6

69 2,332 142 2.401

83

233

239

1

427

3:00

Total carried forward

610 20,047 1,737❘ 20,657 863

1.603 49.200 13,635 | 50,828

1,543

Diseases.

Remaining in hospital at

end of 1937.

M 114

Appendix A.

Table I.

GOVERNMENT HOSPITALS.

Yearly total.

Appendix B.

Table II.

CHINESE HOSPITALS.

Yearly total.

Admis-

sions.

Brought forward

610 20,047

XVII. Conditions Associated

with Violence.--(Contd.)

187. Cataclysm

(This title includes all

deaths from cyclones, volcanic eruptions, tidal waves, earthquakes tornadoes).

or

188. Injury by animals (poi- soning by venomous animals excepted)

189. Hunger or thirst

190. Excessive cold

191. Excessive heat

192. Lightning

193. Electricity

194. Other and unstated forms

of accidental violence :-

Inattention at birth

Other causes included

under 194

195. Violence of an unstated nature-(i.e. accidental, suicidal, etc.)

196. Wounds of war

197. Execution of civilians by belligerent armies

193. Execution

XVIII.-Ill-Defined Diseases.

199. Sudden death

200. Cause of death unstated

or ill-defined :-

(a) Heart failure

I

15

117

Deaths.

Total Cases

Treated.

Remaining in hospital at

end of 1938.

Remaining in

end of 1937. hospital at

Admis-

sions.

Deaths.

Total Cases

Treated.

Remaining in hospital at end of 1938.

1,737 20,657 863 1,603 49,290 13,635 50,828

1566

35

2

2

2

1

1

I

1

84

21

84

1

T

36

36

4

2

36

36

2

1

{

1

1

35

2

(b) Other ill-defined

causes

(c) Cause not specified...

201. Under observation

4

275

279

29

29

4

202. Malingering

1

1

1

203. Persons accompanying

patients

204. Basal cerebral haematoma..

Total

1

1

614 20,464 1,763 21,078

868

1,603 49,357 13,635 50,895

1,547

1,543

M 115

Appendix C.

REPORT OF THE REGISTRAR-GENERAL OF BIRTHS & DEATHS.

1. Population.

1. (A very real difficulty arises in determining the Chinese population of Hong Kong owing to the geographical relationship of the Colony to China and the fact that there is no effective control over immigration or emigration.

>

2. Hence, with the exception of actual census years, it may be taken for granted that any estimates of population made in accordance with current methods are liable to be rather wide of the mark.

3. The population at mid-year 1938 based upon the arithmetical increase between the census of 1921 and that of 1931 is calculated as being 1,028,619.

4. This figure takes no cognisance of the very large number of refugees who have sought asylum in these territories since the commencement of Sino-Japanese hostilities in July, 1937. There are some grounds for believing that, at the most conservative estimate, 100,000 refugees were added to the population during the last half of 1937. Various figures are available in regard to the surplus of immigrants (for the most part refugees) over emigrants for 1938. >

5. For example, it is known that in 1938 the actual number of passengers arriving by rail and by the more important class of steamships from which reliable figures are obtainable exceeded departures by the same means by 188,039. The port health authorities who are in a position to make an approximate estimate which includes forms of marine transport like launches, sampans, and so on, give the figure 226,874 as the increment for 1938.

6. In addition to this, it must be remembered that a very considerable influx of refugees entered the Colony on foot over land frontiers; although the bulk of this class came over in three major waves in the last three months of the year following upon military operations on the Kwantung-New Territory border. The bulk of this last addition would, of course, not effect the actual mid-year population, but would so influence the number of births and deaths registered during the last half of 1938 as to render it unwise to neglect the accretion in determining birth-and death-rates. If an arbitrary figure of 100,000 is taken for the number of arrivals by land routes over and above departures in a similar manner, it will be seen that the population of the Colony in 1938 was very approximately as follows:-

Table I.

On basis of census estimation

1,028,619

Estimated surplus of immigrants over emigrants in 1937

100,000

Surplus by rail and sea in 1938

226,874

Estimated surplus over land frontiers in 1938

100,000

Total

1,455,493

M 116

7. It might be of interest to compare this figure with those derived from calculations based upon the birth-and death-rates for the census year 1931. Assuming that these rates proved constant-an unwarranted assumption in point of fact the 1938 population calculated on the birth-rate would number 1,185,700, while that on a similar death-rate would amount to 1,152,500. It is unnecessary to point out the fallacy of such method in view of the peculiar circumstances prevailing.

8. Another method-suggested by the Statistician Major P. Granville Edge, O.B.E. would be to take the ratio of school children to population in the census year and, knowing the number of school children in 1938, to base the calculation on the understanding that the ratio would remain constant. A figure of 1,561,229 is obtained in this way but is liable to somewhat wide error in view of the fact that, with minor exceptions, the vast proportion of the refugees belonged to the lowest economic class who are unable to take advantage of schools-free education being practically unknown as yet in Hong Kong. Yet another method also suggested by the same learned authority would be to base the calculation on the amount of water used per capita assuming the ratio in a census year to be the same as in 1938. On this basis, the estimated population in the year under review would amount to 1,500,216. However, this calculation is completely vitiated by the fact that the year was so abnormally dry as to make it necessary for very rigid restrictions to be placed upon the draw off both in dwellings and at the public standpipes.

9. Reference has already been made in another portion of this Report to the serious overcrowding of tenements and to the fact that the normal counts of persons per floor has risen from about seventeen-twenty to as high as sixty. In other words, the particular section of the population living in tenements has increased three-fold. Although it forms a large proportion of the total population, it would hardly be fair to assume that the population as a whole had been multiplied thrice.

10. Similar calculations determined by the normal house population in, say, 1931 and by the increase in house property in the intervening period are obviously vitiated by reason of the overcrowding factor in respect of individual houses.

11. From the foregoing it will have been appreciated that a very real difficulty exists in determining at all accurately the present population of these territories, and, hence in calculating birth-and-death-rates.

12. To meet this situation, it has been decided to calculate rates upon three premises firstly, according to the population ascertained on the normal rate of increase prevailing in an intercensal period*, secondly, on the addition of a very approximate figure representing the surplus of immigrants over emigrants during the period July 1st, 1937 to June 30th, 1938, amounting to 200,000; and, thirdly, by assuming that the birth-rate in the year under review was the same as in the census year 1931 for which an accurate population figure is obtainable. For ease of reference, these three rates will be described as A, B, C respectively.

race.

13. Nearly ninety-eight per centum of the population belong to the Chinese

14. Table II gives particulars of the population based on method A detailed above arranged on a geographical basis.

*

a figure of 100,000 being added as representing the maritime population which was not accurately

determined in 1931.

Island of Hong Kong

Non-Chinese

Chinese

Kowloon Peninsula

M 117

Table II.

Census 1921

Census

Estimated at mid-year

1931

1938

9,454

337,947

9,696

399,507

9,871

444,138

Non-Chinese

Chinese

3,186

120,262

7,925

255,095

11,361

352,849

New Territories

Non-Chinese

216

376

492

Chinese

82,947

97,781

108,536

Maritime

*Non-Chinese

1,942

1,372

1,372

†Chinese

69,212

68,721

100,000

Total Non-Chinese

14,798

19,369

23.096

Chinese

610,368

821,104

1,005,523

Totals

625,166

840,473

1,028,619

* The decrease in Non-Chinese maritime population between the years 1921 and 1931 is considered to be due to the slump which Hong Kong was suffering from at that time and in the circumstances it is not considered that the decrease has been maintained. "The 1931 figure has therefore been retained.

+ It will be seen from the above figures that there was a slight decrease in the maritime population between the years 1921 and 1931. This was due to the fact that many were not counted in 1931, and a figure of 100,000 has been taken for some years past as a more accurate estimation of this section of the population.

2. Births and birth-rates.

15. In 1938 the number of births registered at some eighteen register offices amounted to 35,893 of which 558 were non-Chinese. This compares with 32,303 of which 692 were non-Chinese in 1937.

16. The following table provides a means of comparison with previous years -

Table III.

Year

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

Males

11,316

13,496

15,064

17.559

19,183

Females

9,570

11,541

12.319

11,744

16,710

Persons

20,886

25,037

27,383

32,303

35,893

M 118

17. The crude, uncorrected birth-rates for the population as a whole calculated according to the three methods explained in the preceding section and compared with the previous year are as follows:-

Table IV.

1937

1938

A

Method

B

C

A

Method

B

C

Pop'n. Rate Pop'n. Rate

Pop'n. Rate

Pop'n. Rate Pop'n. Rate

Pop'n. | Rate

Whole

Chinese

Non-Chinese

Population... 1,075,040 30.1 1,075,040 30.1 1,067,959 | 30.3

1,052,813 30.02 1,052,813 30.02 1,043,717 30.3

22,227 31.2 22,227 31.2 24,242 28.6

1,096,571 32.7 1,275,040 28.2

1

1,093,241 32.8

17

1,073,888 32.9 1,248,678 28.3 1,069,942 33.02

22,683 24.6 26,362 21.2 23,299 23.9

18.

3. Deaths and death-rate.

In the same period the number of deaths registered in the civilian population rose from 34,635 in 1937 to 38,818 in 1938, an increase of 4,183.

19. Table V affords a means of comparison with previous years.

Table V.

Year

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

Males

10,464

12,059

14,681

20,233

21,916

Females

8,402

9,290

10,683

14,392

16,874

Sex unknown.

19

18

16

10

28

Persons*

18,885

21.367

25,380

34,635

38,818

20. In addition twenty-nine deaths were recorded among the Forces of the Crown, eighteen more than in 1937.

21. Table VI contains crude, uncorrected death-rates calculated according to the methods already described :---

Table VI.

A

1937

Method

B

1938

A

Method

B

C

Pop'n. Rate

Pop'n.

Rate

Pop'n. Rate

Pop'n. Rate

Pop'n. Rate

Pop'n. Rate

Whole

Population

Chinese

Non-Chinese

1,075,040 32.2

1,052,813 32.6

22 227 10.93

1,075,040 32.2 1,067,959 31.4 1,096,571 35.4

1.052,813 32.61,043,717 32.91,073,883 35.9

22,227 10.98 24,242 10.1 22,683 8.7

1,275,040 20.5 1,093,241 35.5

1,248,678 30.9 1,069,942 36.1

26,362 7.5 23,299 8.5

* Deaths among the Forces of the Crown are not included in this table.

4.

M 119

Still-births.

22. In 1937 there were 913 still-births reported as compared with 1,075 iu 1938. The ratios of still-births per hundred live births were 2.83 and 2.86 for 1937 and 1938 respectively.

5. Infant mortality-rate.

23. The number of infants dying under one year of age per thousand born amounted to 42 for non-Chinese as compared with 46 in 1937. The corresponding figures for Chinese infants were 343 and 376 for 1938 and 1937 respectively. Table VII gives the rates during the past five years.

Table VII.

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

Year

Non-Chinese ..

150

57

37

46

42

Chinese

347

316

372

376

343

6. Deaths according to age and sex.

24. The system of compilation of death returns was changed in 1938 in order to make it possible to indicate the differential mortality according to age and sex.

Table VIII.

Under

24 hours

24 hours to 1

65

1-5

years

5-15 15-25 25-45 45-65 years years years years years

&

Unknown

year

over

Males

32

6,025 3,237

1,245

1,920

4,355

3,487 1,600

15

Females

45 5,922 2,599 1,176 1,266

2,574

1,843 1,441

8

Sex unknown ..

28

Persons*

77 11,947 5,836 2,421 3,186 6,929 5,330 3,041

51

25. From Table VIII it will be seen that deaths in males out-numbered those in females in the ratio of 130 to 100. In twenty-eight cases it was not possible to ascertain either age or sex of the deceased. As might be expected from the high infant mortality-rate, deaths in infants under one year of age formed a very high proportion (33.8 per centum) of the total deaths, and those under five years constituted over 46 per centum of the total number of deaths at all ages.

7. Seasonal incidence.

26. The monthly total of deaths is tabulated below with the corresponding numbers for 1937 for purposes of comparison. In 1937 the highest number of deaths were recorded in September and resulted in part from the typhoon and in part from a continuation of the cholera epidemic. În 1938, on the other hand, the heaviest mortality fell in March at the height of the smallpox epidemic, the second peak occurring in December when large numbers of refugees crossing the border brought smallpox with them and the increased congestion led to a disquiet- ing outbreak of cerebro-spinal meningitis.

Twenty-nine deaths among the Forces of the Crown are not included in this table.

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

Month

August

September

October

November

December

Total

M 120

Table IX.

Number of deaths

1937

1938

2,477

3,291

2,150

3,652

2,230

4,114

2,098

3,478

2,360

2,961

2,506

3,292

2,623

3,110

3,506

2,983

4,070

2,640

3,684

2,517

3,460

3,047

3,471

3,733

34,635*

38,818*

8. Nationality-other than Chinese.

27. The distribution of deaths according to nationality--other than Chinese— is given as follows:-

Table X.

CIVILIAN NON-CHINESE DEATHS REGISTERED DURING 1938.

American

British

Cubanese

Danish

Dutch

8

64

1

2

]

2

6

Eurasian

Filipino French

German

Greek

Indian Italian Japanese Jewish Malayan Portuguese

Russian

Swedish

Swiss

Total

2 2 1

45

2

6

1

2

46

3

1

2

197

* Deaths among the Forces of the Crown are not included in this table.

9.

M 121

Causes of death.

28. The mortality returns were based upon the International List of Causes of Death, 1931, instead of on the older list of 1926.

>

(a) DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (NON-TUBERCULOUS).

Respiratory diseases-excluding pulmonary tuberculosis were again responsible in 1938 for the largest individual proportion of deaths.

Deaths from bronchitis, broncho-pneumonia and pneumonia, etc., numbered 12,057 as compared with 10,380 in 1937.

The ratio of deaths from this group to deaths from all causes also rose from 300 to 311 per 1,000.

(b) TUBERCULOSIS.

Tuberculosis attained second place on the list of deaths in 1938 with 4,920 deaths against 4,028 in 1937. The large majority of these were due to the pulmonary form. The ratio to deaths from all causes rose from 116 to 127 per thousand.

29. As may be seen from Table XI almost one third of these deaths were recorded as taking place in the age period 25 to 45 years corresponding to the more productive time of life.

Table XI.

DEATHS FROM TUBERCULOSIS (ALL FORMS), 1938.

Percentage of deaths from tuberculosis at different age periods (approximate)

No. of deaths.

Age group

Males

Females

Total

Under 24 hours

24 hours to 1 year

136

164

300

6

1 to 5 years

390

333

723

15

5 to 15 years

288

223

511

10

15 to 25 years

367

280

647

13

25 to 45 years

969

639

1,608

33

45 to 65 years

655

296

951

19

65 years and over

96

84

180

4

Unknown age

Total

2,901 2,019

4,920

(c) ENTERITIS.

30. Third in order of importance came enteritis. Some 2,055 deaths were recorded in children under one year of age from this cause as compared with 2,365 in the previous year; while 1,801 deaths took place in persons at ages over one year (2,120 in 1937) making totals of 3,856 and 4,485 for 1938 and 1937 respectively.

(d) INFECTIOUS DISEASES OTHER THAN TUBERCULOSIS,

31. Mention has been made elsewhere in this Report of the serious outbreaks of cholera, cerebro-spinal meningitis and smallpox in 1938 which three diseases alone accounted for 363, 223 and 1,937 deaths respectively.

M 122

32. Deaths from other infectious diseases in order of numerical importance included: 557 influenza, 340 dysentery, 314 syphilis, 187 typhoid fever, 155 measles, 147 diphtheria, seventy-six tetanus (sixty-eight from tetanus neonatorum), twenty-three leprosy, five whooping cough, two encephalitis lethargica and two erysipelas.

33. It should be noted that the majority of the cases of influenza were recorded at the Chinese hospitals where most cases were not seen until after death and where local prejudice has (so far) made it impossible for post-mortem dissections to be performed. The value of such figures for statistical purposes is practically "nil" and this provides the answer for the absence of rates per thousand living population in the different disease groups. As an example of age-sex distribution, Table XII is given below relating to deaths from smallpox. It will be noted that nearly three quarters of the deaths were in children under five years of age :-

Table XII.

DEATHS FROM SMALLPOX, 1938.

No. of deaths

Age group

Males Females Total

Percentage of deaths from smallpox at different age periods (approximate)

Under 24 hours

24 hours to 1 year

286

339

625

34

1 to 5 years

366

361

727

40

5 to 15 years

77

66

143

00

8

15 to 25 years

90

58

148

8

25 to 45 years

77

102

179

10

45 to 65 years

1

9

10

0.6

65 years and over

1

1

0.05

Unknown age

Total

898

935

1,833

34.

(e) BERI BERI, ETC.

Fifth on the list comes deaths due to beri beri to which were attributed 2,673 deaths in 1938 as compared with 1,661 in the previous year.

35. Apart from one death certified as being due to rickets, there were no others from deficiency diseases.

...

M 123

36. There is little doubt that a considerable proportion of deaths from other causes, e.g., enteritis, are really attributable, directly or indirectly, to malnutrition in its various forms.

37. It is a matter of considerable regret that beri beri (which should be so easily preventible) should loom so large in the list of fatal diseases in these territories.

(f) VIOLENCE AND OTHER EXTERNAL CAUSES.

38. The number of deaths due to violence and other external causes showed a decline from 864. in 1937 (the typhoon of September being responsible for a large proportion) to 512 in 1938.

39. Of those recorded in 1938, 115 were due to drowning of which 107 were accidental. This figure may appear to be rather high, but it should be remembered that the maritime population numbers at least 100,000 and that very large numbers of persons travel daily to and from Hong Kong and Kowloon in sampans and similar craft easily capsized by squalls of wind which are not uncommon.

Seventy-

40. Seventy-four suicides were registered, poisoning, hanging and precipitation from the upper storeys of buildings being the commoner methods employed. Seventeen deaths were the result of Japanese military operations on the border and two additional deaths followed wounds received in the conflict.

)

(g) MALIGNANT DISEASE.

41. Deaths from cancer are much less common in these territories than in European countries. 269 deaths were registered of which 255 were in respect of women. Cancer of the alimentary system is more frequently met with in men than women in whom cancer of the uterus holds first place as a cause of death from malignant disease.

(h) DISEASES OF PREGNANCY.

42. The number of deaths registered as being due to accidents and diseases of pregnancy and parturition in 1938 remained at the same figure as in the previous year, namely, seventy-six.

43. This is remarkable and would be a little difficult to believe were not confirmatory statistics available from the institutions catering for women in child- birth.

44. The actual puerperal mortality-rate per thousand live births is estimated at 2.1 which compares more than favourably with similar rates in most other

countries.

45. This statement should be taken in conjunction with the remarks under the certification of causes of death.

* Note:-2.97 for England and Wales in 1938.

1

M 124

DEATH CERTIFICATION.

46. In a very large number of deaths which take place in Hong Kong the deceased has not been attended by a Western-medicine practitioner.

47. Reference has already been made to the opposition to post-mortem dissections on bodies of persons who have died at the Chinese hospitals or have been brought in dead into this group of hospitals-nearly 10 per centum of all registered deaths. Added to this, the numbers of post-mortems to be carried out in the two main public mortuaries in Victoria and Kowloon are so great amounting to over sixty a day on occasion and forming over 25 per centum of all registered deaths- that the staff available cannot possibly carry out detailed dissections except in cases of medico-legal importance.

48. It follows, therefore, that it would be unwise to attach too much importance to the actual figures for individual causes of death and that these should be regarded as indicating only approximately the incidence of fatal disease.

49. Further particulars are contained in the following Tables XIII and XIV :—

Table XIII.

Chinese

Authority certifying cause of death

Number

of cases

Percentage of all cases

Non-Chinese

Number of cases

Percentage of all cases

Medical practitioners in

attendance

21,257

55.04

175

88.83

Medical Officer of Health ....

2

0.01

Tung Wah Hospital

1,155

2.99

Tung Wah Eastern Hospital.

670

1.74

Kwong Wah Hospital

1,960

5.07

Coroner from information

received from the

Medical Officers i/c.

Public Mortuaries

10,897

28.22

22

11.17

Asst. Registrars, New

Territories

2,680

6.93

Total

38,621

197

*

International

M 125

Table XIV.

Deaths

List of Causes I.-INFECTIOUS AND PARASITIC DISEASES

Males

Females Persons

of Death, 1931

1.

Typhoid fever

115

72

187

6

Smallpox

898

935

1,833

7

Measles

84

71

155

9

Whooping cough

3

2

5

10

Diphtheria

76

71

147

11

Influenza

365

192

557

12

Cholera

245

118

363

13

Dysentery :-

7

(a)

Amoebic

14

11

25

(b)

Bacillary

240

52

292

(c)

Other or unspecified

14

9

23

15

Erysipelas

2

2

17

Encephalitis lethargica

1

1

2

18

Cerebro-spinal meningitis.

139.

84

223

22

Tetanus

22

54

76

23

Tuberculosis of the respiratory system

2,354

1,566

3,920

24

Tuberculosis of the central

nervous system

199

172

371

25

Tuberculosis of intestines

and peritoneum

27

16

43

26

Tuberculosis of vertebral column

2

2

27

Tuberculosis of other bones and joints

20

8

28

28

Tuberculosis of skin and subcutaneous

tissues

1

1

29

Tuberculosis of lymphatic system

(abdominal and bronchial

glands excepted)

3

4

7

Carried forward

4,821

3,441 8.262

..

M 126

Table XIV,-(Contd.).

International

Deaths

List of Causes I.-INFECTIOUS AND PARASITIC DISEASES of Death, 1931

Males

Females Persons

Brought forward

4,821

3,441 8,262

31

Tuberculosis of other organs :-

Adrenals

1

Other sites included under 31

4

1

4

32

Disseminated tuberculosis :-

(a)

Acute

6

10

16

(b)

Chronic

2

1

3

(c)

Not distinguished as acute or chronic

283

239

522

33

Leprosy

18

LO

5

23

34

Syphilis :-

(a)

Congenital syphilis

87

135

222

(b, c)

Syphilis acquired or unspecified

61

31

92

36

Purulent infection, septicemia :-

(a)

Septicæmia

18

6

24

(b)

Pyæmia

2

N

4

38

(c)

Gas gangrene

Malaria :--

1

1

Benign tertian

2

2

4

Cachexia

9

5

14

Malignant tertian

183

91

294

Quartan

1

1

Type not specified

274

146

420

40

Ankylostomiasis

1

1

42

Other diseases due to helminths

2

2

4

44

Other infectious or parasitic diseases :-

Varicella

2

2

4

Mumps

1

1

Carried forward

5,778

4,119

9,917

M 127

Table XIV,-(Contd.).

International List of Causes

Deaths

II. CANCER AND OTHER TUMOURS

of Death, 1931

Males

Females Persons

Brought forward

5,778

4,119 9,917

45

Cancer of the buccal cavity and pharynx.

11

5

16

46

Cancer of the digestive organs

and peritoneum

63

46

109

47

Cancer of the respiratory organs

16

7

23

48

Cancer of the uterus.

49

49

49

Cancer of other female genital organs

12

12

50

Cancer of the breast

2

22

24

51

Cancer of the male genito-

urinary organs

7

7

8883

52

Cancer of the skin

4

2

6

53

Cancer of other or unspecified organs

11

12

23

54

Non-malignant tumours :-

(a)

Female genital organs

(b)

Other sites

4

1

55

(a)

(b)

Tumours of undetermined nature :-

Female genital organs

Other sites

III.-RHEUMATISM, DISEASES OF NUTRITION AND OF ENDOCRINE GLANDS

AND OTHER GENERAL DISEASES

1

1

6

6

56

Rheumatic fever

5

10

9

57

Chronic rheumatism, osteo-arthritis:

Chronic rheumatism

2

1

3

Rheumatoid arthritis, osteo-arthritis ...

1

1

2

59

Diabetes.

17

4

21

61

Beri-beri

2,004

669

2,673

63

Rickets

1

1

Carried forward

7,926

4,961

12,907

M 128

Table XIV, (Contd.).

III. RHEUMATISM, DISEASES OF

International List of Causes

Deaths

of Death, 1931

NUTRITION AND OF ENDOCRINE GLANDS

AND OTHER GENERAL DISEASES

Males

Females Persons

7,926

4,961

12,907

Brought forward

Other general diseases :-

69

Amyloid disease of unstated origin

18

15

33

IV. DISEASES OF THE BLOOD AND BLOOD-FORMING ORGANS

70

(a)

Hæmorrhagic conditions:-

Purpura

4

3

7

71

Anæmia, chlorosis:

(a)

Pernicious anæmia

1

3

4

(b)

Other anæmias and chlorosis

3

3

Splenic anæmia

1

1

Other diseases included under 71

1

3

4

72

Leukæmia, aleukæmia :—

(a)

Leukæmia

(b)

Aleukæmia (lymphadenoma)

1

3

4

2

2

73

Diseases of the spleen

Banti's disease

1

1

Other diseases of the spleen

6

2

8

V.-CHRONIC POISONING

76

Chronic poisoning by other organic

substances :-

Opium habit

7

1

8

Morphine habit

Ι

1

VI. DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

AND SENSE ORGANS

78

Encephalitis:-

(a)

Cerebral abscess

3

3

(b)

Other diseases included under 78

7

1

8

79

Meningitis (other than cerebro-spinal

meningitis)

45

45

90

Carried forward

8,024

5,040 13,084

......

-M 129

Table XIV,-(Contd.).

International List of Causes of Death, 1931

Deaths

VI.

DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

AND SENSE ORGANS

Males

Females Persons

Brought forward

8,024 5,040

13,084

2

2

80

Tabes dorsalis

81

Other diseases of the spinal cord :-

Progressive muscular atrophy

Myelitis of unstated origin

1

1

1

1

2

Other diseases included under 81 ....

1

1

82

Cerebral hæmorrhage, apoplexy, etc

(a)

Cerebral hæmorrhage

196

116

312

(b)

Cerebral embolism and thrombosis

10

11

21

(c)

Hemiplegia and other paralysis of

unstated origin

24

24

48

83

General paralysis of the insane

2

2

4

84

Other forms of insanity:

(b)

Other conditions included under 84 ...

85

Epilepsy

9

♡

1

17

86

Infantile convulsions (under 5 years

of age)

2

1

3

87

Other diseases of the nervous system :-

(b)

Neuritis, neuralgia

15

16

31

(c)

Paralysis agitans

1

7

(e)

Other diseases included under 87

&

3

9

88

Diseases of the eye and annexa

1

I

89

Diseases of the ear and of the

mastoid sinus

3

3

G

VII. DISEASES OF THE CIRCULATORY

SYSTEM

90

Pericarditis

12

6

18

91

Acute endocarditis :-

Malignant endocarditis

6

5

11

Other acute endocarditis

3

4

7

Carried forward

8,320

5,240 | 13,580

.

M 130-

Table XIV, (Contd.).

VII. DISEASES OF THE CIRCULATORY

International List of Causes

of Death, 1931

Deaths

SYSTEM

Males

Females Persons

Brought forward

8,320

5,240

13,580

92

Chronic endocarditis, valvular disease :-

Aortic valve disease

22

8

30

Mitral valve disease

65

58

123

Aortic and mitral valve disease.

50

26

76

Endocarditis not returned as acute

or chronic

26

20

46

Other or unspecified valve disease

8

10

18

93

Diseases of the myocardium :—

Myocardial degeneration

52

34

86

(c)

Myocarditis not distinguished as

acute or chronic

260

155

415

94

Diseases of the coronary arteries,

angina pectoris

4

3

7

95

Other diseases of the heart:-

(a)

Disordered action of heart

12

со

20

Dilatation of heart (cause unspecified).

10

12

22

Heart disease (undefined)

9

со

17

96

Aneurysm

11

2

13

97

Arterio-sclerosis

23

13

36

98

Gangrene

15

21

36

99

Other diseases of the arteries.

16

1

17

100

Diseases of the veins (varix,

hæmorrhoids, phlebitis etc.):-

Varix:-

Hæmorrhoids

1

1

101

Diseases of the lymphatic system

(lymphangitis, etc.)

1

1

102

Abnormalities of blood pressure :-

Other diseases included under 102

2

1

3

103

Other diseases of the circulatory system..

1

1

Carried forward

8,907

5,621 14,548

M 131

Table XIV,-(Contd.).

International List of Causes

Deaths

VIII.

DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY

SYSTEM

of Death, 1931|

Males

Females Persons

8,907

5,621 14,548

Brought forward

105

Diseases of the larynx :-

Laryngitis

1

1

Other diseases of the larynx

2

1

3

106

Bronchitis

(a)

Acute bronchitis

996

946

1,942

(b)

Chronic bronchitis

524

436

960

(c)

Bronchitis not distinguished as acute

300

299

599

or chronic

107

Broncho-pneumonia

3,621

3,418

7,039

108

Lobar pneumonia

566

412

978

109

Pneumonia (not otherwise defined)

247

153

400

110

Pleurisy

Empyema

64

55

119

Other pleurisy

15

5

10

20

111

Congestion and hæmorrhagic infarct

of lung, etc. :-

1. Hypostatic congestion of lungs

3

3

6

112

Asthma

22

9

31

113

Pulmonary emphysema

1

1

2

114

Other diseases of the respiratory

system :-

(b)

Other diseases included under 114:-

-

Gangrene of the lung

4

1

5

Other diseases included under 114b.

5

1

6

115

Diseases of the buccal cavity,

pharynx, etc. :-

Diseases of the teeth and gums

11

3

14

Ludwig's angina

2

2

4

Diseases of the tonsils

4

3

7

Other diseases included under 115

10

2

12

Carried forward

15,304

11,372 26,696

International

List of Causes

of Death, 1931|

117

M 132

Table XIV,-(Contd.).

IX.-DISEASES OF THE Digestive

SYSTEM

Brought forward

Ulcer of the stomach or duodenum :--

Deaths

Males

Females Persons

15,304

11,372

26,696

(a)

Ulcer of the stomach

35

12

47

(b)

Ulcer of the duodenum

3

3

6

118

Other diseases of the stomach :-

Inflammation of the stomach

51

27

78

Other diseases included under 118

9

4

13

119 & 120 Diarrhoea and enteritis :—

Under one year

1,043 1,012

2,055

Over one year

1,124

677

1,801

121.

Appendicitis

28

15

43

122

Hernia, intestinal obstruction :-

(a)

Hernia

8

8

(b)

Intestinal obstruction

19

12

31

123

Other diseases of the intestines :-

Constipation, intestinal stasis

1

1

Other diseases included under 123 ....

2

1

3

124

Cirrhosis of the liver :-

(a)

Returned as alcoholic

(b)

Not returned as alcoholic

32

8

40

42

5

47

125

Other diseases of the liver :-

Acute yellow atrophy

2

2

Other diseases included under 125 ....

13

24

37

127

Other diseases of the gall bladder

and ducts

12

10

5

17

128

Diseases of the pancreas

1

1

2

129

Peritonitis without stated cause

24

22

46

Carried forward

17,752 13,201

30,973

M 133

Table XIV,-(Contd.).

International List of Causes

Deaths

X.-NON-VENEREAL DISEASES OF THE

GENITO-URINARY SYSTEM AND ANNEXA

of Death, 1931

Males

Females Persons

Brought forward

17,752 13,201 30,973

130

Acute nephritis

110

72

182

131

Chronic nephritis

242

169

411

132

Nephritis not stated to be acute

or chronic

264

172

436

133

Other diseases of the kidney

and annexa :-

(a)

Pyelitis

13

4

17

135

Diseases of the bladder :-

(a)

Cystitis

6

2

00

(b)

Other diseases of the bladder

1

1

2

136

Diseases of the urethra, urinary

abscess, etc. :-

(a)

Stricture of the urethra

3

3

(b)

Other diseases of the urethra, etc.

1.

1

138

139

Diseases of the male genital organs

2

2

Diseases of the female genital organs :-

(a)

Diseases of the ovary

Diseases of the fallopian tube

(c)

Diseases of the breast

1

1

3

3

1

1

141

XI. DISEASES OF PREGNANCY, CHILD

BIRTH AND THE PUERPERAL STATE

Abortion not returned as septic:

Hæmorrhage following abortion

Without record of hæmorrhage

142

Ectopic gestation

143

Other accidents of pregnancy

1

1

1

9

9

I

1

144

Puerperal hæmorrhage

(a)

Placenta prævia

(b)

Other puerperal hæmorrhage

5

5

21

21.

Carried forward

18,394 13,664

32,078

International List of Causes

M 134

Table XIV,-(Contd.).

XI.-DISEASES OF PREGNANCY, CHILD-

BIRTH AND THE PUERPERAL STATE

of Death, 1931

145

146

(a)

Brought forward

Puerperal sepsis :-

Puerperal septicemia and pyæmia

Puerperal albuminuria and

convulsions:-

Puerperal convulsions

Deaths

Males

Females Persons

18,394

13,664

32,078

6

6

11

11

Other conditions included under 146 ..

5

LO

10

5

147

Other toxæmias of pregnancy

8

8

148

Puerperal phlegmasia alba dolens,

embolism, and sudden death :-

(a)

Puerperal phlegmasia alba dolens not

returned as septic

3

3

149

Other accidents of child-birth

LO

5

10

5

XII. DISEASES OF THE SKIN AND CELLULAR TISSUE

151

Carbuncle, boil

152

Cellulitis, acute abscess :-

153

Cellulitis

Acute abscess

Other diseases of the skin and its annexa.

XIII. DISEASES OF THE BONES AND ORGANS OF LOCOMOTION

154

Acute infective osteo-myelitis and

periostitis

155

Other diseases of the bones

156

Diseases of the joints and other organs

of locomotion :-

Diseases of the joints

11

7

18

32

222 223

17

49

17

39

10

5

1

6

1

1

2

3

CO

7

Carried forward

18,475 13,745 32,240

M 135

Table XIV,-(Contd.).

International List of Causes

Deaths

XIV. CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS

of Death, 1931

Males Females Persons

Brought forward

18,475

13,745 32,240

157

Congenital malformations:-

(a)

Congenital hydrocephalus

10

3

13

(c)

Congenital malformation of heart

5

5

(d)

Monstrosities

1

1

(e)

Other congenital malformations

6

1

7

XV. DISEASES OF EARLY INFANCY

158

Congenital debility

495

506

1,001

159

Premature birth

300

320

620

160

Injury at birth

2

1

3

161

Other diseases peculiar to early

infancy:

(a)

(Infants under 3 months of age only)

Atelectasis

26

(b)

Icterus neonatorum

23

25

51

60

88

148

(c)

Other diseases included under 161 ....

2

6

XVI.-OLD AGE

162

Old age:-

@

Senile dementia

со

8

(b)

Other forms of senile decay

9

17

565

608

1,173

XVII. DEATHS FROM VIOLENCE

163

Suicide by solid or liquid poisons and

corrosive substances

12

17

29

165

Suicide by hanging or strangulation

21

2

23

166

Suicide by drowning

2

6

8

167

Suicide by firearms

1

1

2

168

Suicide by cutting or piercing instruments

2

2

169

Suicide by jumping from high places

7

3

10

173

Homicide by firearms

4

4

Carried forward

20,003

15,342 35,365

M 136

Table XIV,-(Contd.).

International List of Causes

Deaths

XVII. DEATHS FROM VIOLENCE

of Death, 1931

Males

Females Persons

Brought forward

20,003 15,342 35,365

174

Homicide by cutting or piercing

instruments

4

1

5

175

178

Homicide by other means.

Accidental absorption of irrespirable or

poisonous gas

1

1

1

1

2

179

Other acute accidental poisoning

(not by gas)

4

4

180.

Conflagration

2

10

12

181

Accidental burns (conflagration excepted)

12

4

16

182

Accidental mechanical suffocation

3

4

7

183

184

185

186

189

193

Electricity (lightning excepted)

194

Accidental drowning

Accidental injury by firearms

Accidental injury by cutting or piercing

instruments

Accidental injury by fall, crushing, etc. Hunger or thirst

Other and unstated forms of accidental

violence :-

Other causes included under 194 Violent deaths of unstated nature (i.e.

accidental, suicidal, etc.)

61

46

107

3

3

3

3

129

53

182

1

1

1

1

2

2

195

48

17

65

196

Wounds of war

2

2

197

Execution of civilians by belligerent

armies

12

10

5

17

198

Execution

4

4

XVIII.-ILL-DEFINED DISEASES

199

200

Sudden death

1

1

Cause of death unstated or ill-defined :-

Heart failure

1

. 1

2

Other ill-defined causes

1,537

1,350

2,887

Cause not specified

83

38

121

Sex unknown

Total*

* 29 deaths among the Forces of the Crown are not included in this table.

28

21,916

16,874

38,838

P. S. SELWYN-CLARKE

Registrar-General of Births and Deaths.

!

CONTENTS.

1. Report of the Chairman, Urban Council:-

Changes in Departmental Staff

Revenue and Expenditure

Refuse Collection and Refuse Removal

Nightsoil Removal

Disinfection at Disinfecting Stations

Page.

1

1

1

2

2

Dead Boxes

2

Public Bath-houses

2

Cemeteries, Mortuaries, Crematoria

2

Undertakers

3

Work done under the Public Health (Sanitation) and Buildings

Ordinances

3

Work done under the Adulterated Food and Drugs Ordinance and

Section 4 of the Public Health (Food) Ordinance

4

Urban Council

4

7

Annexe

2. Annexe by the Colonial Veterinary Surgeon :-

Section I:-

(a) General Position

(b) Animal Health

(c) Animal Industry

Section II:-

8

8

00

8

(a) Disease Control

8

(b) Animal Husbandry

10

(c) Marketing of Animal Products

11

(d) Veterinary Education

11

Section III

11

Section IV:-

Veterinary Department

Section V-

Statistics

11

11

Appendix M (1)

REPORT OF THE CHAIRMAN, URBAN COUNCIL.

Senior Officers :-

1. CHANGES IN DEPARTMENTAL STAFF.

The Health Officer, Kowloon.

1st January to 12th March 1st September to 31st December

Dr. R. C. Jones.

13th March to 31st August

Dr. J. B. Mackie.

The Secretary, Urban Council.

1st January to 14th December

Mr. J. Watson.

15th to 31st December

Mr. C. J. Roe.

Inspectors :-

Establishment.

2 Chief Inspectors.

6 Senior Inspectors.

44 European Inspectors.

12 Chinese Inspectors.

9 Probationary Chinese Inspectors.

2.-REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE.

Table I is a comparative statement of the department's expenditure for the years 1937 and 1938.

Table II shows under the various heads the revenue collected by the department during 1938 as compared with 1937; and also the revenue paid into the Treasury in respect of contracts.

Table III gives a comparative statement of revenue and expenditure for the last ten years.

3. REFUSE COLLECTION AND REFUSE REMOVAL.

Equipment. The department has at its disposal for refuse collection and removal 25 motor lorries (of which 17 are employed in Hong Kong and 8 in Kowloon), 2 towing tugs, 1 steam lighter, 9 deep draft and 8 light draft lighters and 3 sailing junks.

At the end of December two new six-wheeler Morris refuse lorries were added to the fleet.

(M (1) 2

Collection.-There were collected and delivered to depôts:

(i) from City of Victoria, including Hill District and

outlying residences

(all of which was collected by motor lorries, except 516 tons at Aberdeen and 3,748 tons at Shaukiwan, which were collected by handcarts).

(ii) from Kowloon including Kowloon Tong and Kowloon

City

(all of which was collected by motor lorries except 1,512 tons at Ma Tau Kok, which were collected by handcarts).

(iii) collected in rural districts (Pokfulam Village, Telegraph Bay, Aplichau and Shek O) and burnt in incinerators. (iv) delivered to the digester

73,006.5 tons

44,650.0 tons

987.0 tons

1,966.0 tons

120,609.5 tons

Total

(or 330.4 tons per day).

Removal.-184,437 tons (or 505.3 tons per day) were received at the depôts. The difference between this figure and the figure shown as collected is due to the fact that a large quantity of refuse is taken to the depôts by private firms and individuals.

During the year all refuse was taken to the Kun Tong Reclamation. Cost. The cost of refuse collection and removal is shown in Table IV.

4.-NIGHTSOIL REMOVAL.

The contractors for the removal of nightsoil from Shaukiwan, Aberdeen, Pokfulam, Aplichau, Stanley and Taitam respectively carried out their work satisfactorily under the abnormal conditions.

During the year nightsoil from Victoria and Kowloon was removed by the department to Kwai Chung Bay and sold to a contractor for disposal outside the Urban District.

5.-DISINFECTION AT DISINFECTING STATIONS.

Table V shows the number of articles and vehicles disinfected during the year 1938. The figures for 1937 are given for comparison.

6.-DEAD BOXES.

Dead boxes are obtainable at any hour of the day or night at the two disinfecting stations.

7.-PUBLIC BATH-HOUSES.

Table VI shows the number of men, women and children who used the bath- houses during the year.

8.-CEMETERIES, MORTUARIES, CREMATORIA.

Table VII (i) shows the number of interments at the various cemeteries during the year 1938 and gives particulars of cremations, bodies deposited in the Tung Wah Hospital mortuary, and removals from the Colony before burial.

Details of the number of exhumations carried out by the department will be found in Table VII (ii) together with the number carried out by relatives of deceased persons.

M (1) 3-

9.-UNDERTAKERS,

Two undertaker's licences were issued and one cancelled during the year making a total of fifty-three on the register on 31st December, 1938.

10.-WORK DONE UNDER THE PUBLIC HEALTH (SANITATION) AND BUILDINGS ORDINANCES.

(i) Sanitary nuisances and contraventions of sanitary by-laws :--

Table VIII shows the total number of nuisances reported and the action taken to obtain compliance. Of the total number of nuisances reported in which action was taken almost 71% were abated after receipt of a letter. In 440 cases a legal notice failed to produce compliance.

(ii) Table IX shows the nuisances in respect of which action has been taken.

(iii) Building Nuisances.-Under the Buildings Ordinance, 1,347 nuisances were reported by the department to the Building Authority for action. These are additional to those referred to in paragraph (i) above.

(iv) Table X shows the distribution of buildings in the various Health Districts.

(v) Miscellaneous Improvements.-Table X shows the number of houses demolished and erected. The great majority of these are tenement houses.

(vi) Housing.-Table X shows the number of tenement houses in the several districts erected in conformity with the requirements of the Buildings Ordinance.

(vii) House Cleansing.-The routine work under the by-laws for domestic clean- liness and prevention of disease was carried out during the year. Table XI shows the number of floors cleansed in the various districts as compared with the last two years.

It will be noticed that, with the exception of Aberdeen Health District, the number of floors cleansed shows a reduction, this was due to the cancellation of house cleansing during the cholera and smallpox epidemics.

(viii) House cleansing was normally carried out on five mornings a week by the staff. The privilege of permitting certain occupants of premises to carry out house cleansing at their own convenience was continued and further extended during the year.

The terms and conditions under which this concession was granted were generally complied with.

(ix) Limewashing. The only routine limewashing done during the year was that carried forward from 1937. Please see Table XIII.

In August, 1938, the Hon. Director of Medical Services pointed out that the amount of time and labour spent on routine limewashing under by-law 4 of the Domestic Cleanliness and Prevention of Disease By-laws, Ordinance No. 15 of 1935, was incommensurate with the value from the point of view of public health and disease prevention, and recommended that routine limewashing should be discontinued. His recommendation was approved by the Council. In future, when a domestic building is found to require limewashing, by-law 6 will be invoked specifically to have the limewashing done.

(x) Prevention of Mosquito Breeding.-During the year action was taken in 942 cases of mosquito nuisance or potential mosquito nuisance.

(xi) Licensed Premises.-569 premises were inspected by officers of the depart- ment with a view to the issue of new licences. Routine inspections of four thousand and seventy-two licensed premises were made throughout the year.

M (1) 4

(xii) Rat Catching.-Twenty-five members of the cleansing staff were employed during the year setting traps, birdlime boards and also collecting rats from street. rat-bins, private premises, etc., and taking them to the public mortuary for examination. The total number of rats caught was :-

Hong Kong

Kowloon

Of these none was found to be plague infected.

89,712

121,683

11.-WORK DONE UNDER THE ADULTERATED FOOD AND DRUGS ORDINANCE AND SECTION 4 OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH (FOOD) ORDINANCE.

(i) Samples of fresh milk were submitted for analysis under section 10 of the Adulterated Food and Drugs Ordinance, of which 97 were found to pass the standard and 5 to be below standard.

Prosecution was successfully undertaken in 3 cases where the samples failed to satisfy the legal requirements.

In addition the following samples of food and drugs were taken :—

Butter 18, Cheese 17, Cream 24, Lard 5, Milk (Fresh) 102, Milk (Unsweetened evaporated) 7, Milk (Pasteurized) 3, Milk (Reconstituted) 44, Milk (Condensed, and Condensed Skim) 10, Milk (Dried, and Full and Half Cream) 10, and Tea 44.

(i) The following foodstuffs were seized and destroyed under section 4 of the Public Health (Food) Ordinance :—

Bread 96 lbs., Confectionery 3 lbs., fish 594 lbs., Flour 10,920 lbs., Fruit 45 lbs., Meat 850 lbs., Milk (Condensed) 1 lb., Offal 260 lbs., Tea 7,164 lbs. and Vegetables 385 lbs.

The following foodstuffs were voluntarily surrendered and destroyed

Bread 1,145 lbs., Condiments & lb., Confectionery 847 lbs., Eggs 1,280 lbs., Fish 924 lbs., Flour 3,080 lbs., Fruit 9821 lbs., Jam 26 lbs., Meat 6,7942 lbs., Milk (Condensed and Powder) 7,427 lbs., Tea 5,000 lbs. and Vegetables 1,445 lbs.

12.-URBAN COUNCIL.

(i) The following were members of the Urban Council during the year :-

The Chairman (Mr. R. R. Todd).

The Hon. Director of Medical Services.

The Hon. Secretary for Chinese Affairs.

The Hon. Director of Public Works.

The Hon. Commissioner of Police.

Mr. F. C. Hall. (Mr. C. Champkin acted from 1st to 5th January

during the absence on leave of Mr. Hall.)

Dr. R. A. de Castro Basto.

Mr. L. C. F. Bellamy, M.C.

Mr. A. el Arculli.

Dr. S. N. Chau.

Mr. W. N. Thomas Tam.

Mr. B. Wong Tape.

Mr. Tang Shiu-kin, M.B.E.

M (1) 5

LEGISLATION.

(ii) The following new by-laws and amendments to existing by-laws were made by the Council:-

A. The Reconstituted Milk and Reconstituted Cream By-laws, to be added to the schedule to the Public Health (Food) Ordinance, 1935, were made by the Council on 29th March and approved by the Legislative Council on 13th April. Reconstituted milk and cream appeared on the local market at the end of 1937 and the new by-laws are designed to regulate the manufacture and sale of these products.

B. The Dairies and Milk Shops By-laws set forth in the schedule to the Public

Health (Food) Ordinance, 1935, were amended:

(1) by the amendment of the heading with the object of inserting the words

"Sale of Milk generally and" at the commencement thereof.

(2) by the introduction of a new by-law la which prohibits the sale of any

milk other than pasteurized milk, and defines "pasteurized milk”.

(3) by the introduction of a new by-law 1B which requires that the pasteurizing plant, and the other kinds of plant used in a dairy in the production of pasteurized milk, be of a type approved by the Council; and that, to ensure the efficiency of the pasteurization process, the pasteurizing plant be equipped with a self-registering thermometer device which will accurately indicate and record the temperature to which, and the length of time for which, the milk has been heated.

(4) by the introduction of a new by-law 1c which requires that, except where it is sold in bulk, pasteurized milk be sold in containers of a type approved by the Council; that the filling of all containers be carried out by machinery or by some other means approved by the Council, and only in the premises in which the milk was pasteurized; and that the bottles be thoroughly cleansed and sterilized with steam or boiling water, be closed with a tightly fitting disc and covered with an outer cover overlapping the lip of and securely fastened to the bottle, and be marked with the name of the dairyman in whose dairy the milk was pasteurized and bottled, and with the work "Pasteurized' The amendments were made by the Council on 26th April following the decision of the Government to enforce the compulsory pasteuriza- tion of all milk sold in the Urban District. They were approved by the Legislative Council on 12th May and were to come into force on January 1st, 1939.

(iii) Markets. The following new market was opened during the year :-

WONG NEI CHONG MARKET.

(iv) Public Latrines and Conveniences. During the year public conveniences were completed and demolished as follows:-

Hong Kong

Kowloon

Completed.

Demolished.

1

1

Total

1

1

M (1) 6

(v) Bath-houses.--No new bath-house was opened during the year.

(vi) Cemeteries. (a) The following cemetery was opened during the year--

Chai Wan Cemetery Extension.

(b) No cemetery was closed during the year.

The number of burials (including cremations, etc.) during the year 1937 showed a large increase on all previous years. The following shows the numbers of burials during the ten years 1929 to 1938:--

1929

1930

1931

1932

1933

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

17,177.

16,482.

18,742.

20,300.

18,238.

18,682.

20,648.

23,874.

31,503.

36,138.

The abnormally high figure for 1938 was due in the main to the serious small- pox epidemic in the early part of the year and to the large influx of refugees caused by the extension of the Sino-Japanese hostilities to Kwangtung and South China.

(vii) Premises Licensed or Admitted to Registration.-Table XIV shows the number of premises licensed or admitted to registration by the Urban Council.

(viii) Hawkers Licences.-The number of licences of each class issued or renewed up to 30th September, 1938, was as follows:-

Hawkers (Stallholder's) Licences

1,340

140

وو

143

,,

9,647

33

دو

(Steamship) (Native Craft) (Itinerant)

""

وو

(Newspaper)

21

Total

452

11,722

(ix) Factories and Workshops.-A new Factories and Workshops Ordinance, No. 18 of 1937, replacing the old ordinance, No. 27 of 1932, came into operation on January 1st, 1938. The Chairman, Urban Council replaced the Secretary for Chinese Affairs as Protector of Labour and the factory inspectorate was transferred from the Secretariat for Chinese Affairs to the Urban Council. The new ordinance gives to the Urban Council power to make by-laws in respect of industrial undertakings. A select committee of the Council, consisting of the Secretary for Chinese Affairs, Mr. L. C. F. Bellamy, Mr. W. N. Thomas Tam, Dr. S. N. Chau and the Chairman, was appointed to deal with applications for the registration of factories and workshops and other matters arising out of the administration of the ordinance. The by-laws in the schedule to the new ordinance prohibit the employment of any child under the age of fourteen years in any industrial undertaking and the employment of women and of young persons under the age of eighteen years between the hours of 8 and 7 a.m. No new by-laws were made during the year.

p.m.

- M (1) 7

The year 1938 was quite outstanding in the industrial life of the Colony, the general improvement which set in in 1937 being well maintained. Hostilities in China caused many industrialists to turn their eyes to the Colony with a view to establishing themselves here. Consequently industries hitherto unknown in the Colony have come into being, for instance the manufacture of war necessities such as gas masks, metal helmets, spades and entrenching tools, uniforms, water bottles, the assembling of field telephones, portable military transmitting and receiving sets, etc. Other new industries are the manufacture of bicycles and tricycles, tabloid medicines, nails, postage stamps, bank notes and coupons, tooth brushes, and pearl buttons. Many Shanghai workers were brought into the Colony for these trades, especially for printing, this finer art being peculiar to the northern Chinese. The output of electric hand-torches, dry batteries, rubber boots and shoes, cotton and silk goods, etc., mostly for Empire and oversea markets, was well maintained. The manufacture of electric torch bulbs was practically brought to a standstill as bulbs made in Shanghai were imported at a much lower price than that for which the local manufacturers could produce them.

Many new factory-type premises have been erected and plans for more are in preparation. The general prosperity in some trades and pressure exerted by the health authorities and the factory inspectorate has resulted in the removal of some factories from the tenement-house premises which they formerly occupied to new modern factory-type buildings. But the conversion of tenement houses into factories still remains a disquieting feature of the industrialization of the Colony, especially in view of the acute housing shortage due to the influx of refugees from China.

It is estimated that about 55,000 workers of both sexes were employed in the various industries. There was a good demand for skilled and unskilled male labour in the heavy industries. Female workers too were in demand, especially in the cigarette-making, spinning and weaving factories.

Prosecutions. During the year there were 45 prosecutions, including 23 for the offence of employing females and young persons during prohibited hours, and 19 for the offence of operating an unregistered factory. Many surprise visits were made at night by the inspectorate.

Accidents. The total number of accidents reported was 141, of which 14 were fatal. Ten of the fatal accidents occurred in shipyards. Please see Table XV.

Registration.-199 new certificates of registration were issued during the year, bringing the total of registered factories and workshops up to 829.

13. ANNEXE.

A report by the Colonial Veterinary Surgeon is shewn as an annexe.

R. R. TODD,

11th March, 1939.

Chairman, Urban Council.

M (1) 8

REPORT OF THE COLONIAL VETERINARY SURGEON,

Hong Kong, for the year 1938.

SECTION I.

(a) The Colony of Hong Kong, owing to the lack of grazing facilities and the lack of suitable land which could be used for growing forage crops, is unsuitable for the breeding and rearing of large animals. Owing to this, its place in animal husbandry, where horses and cattle are concerned, is that of a consumer. activities of the Colony in respect of these animals commence at their death.

Sheep are not bred in the Colony.

The

Goats. A small number are kept by members of the Indian community as a source of milk supply. A large number of the kids are slaughtered as the supply of cheap fodder is insufficient to support more than a certain number.

Swine. No large pig breeding, rearing or feeding establishments exist but there are a number of pig rearing and feeding establishments which accommodate 100 animals or more. In addition to these there is a very large number of "sty" owners who breed, rear and feed up to 20 pigs. These animals are fed largely on market crops which are not of sufficiently good quality for the market, vegetable offal such as cabbage leaves and broken rice and "slops" from hotels, restaurants,

etc.

Poultry. During recent years a number of poultry farms have come into existence. These are largely stocked with White Leghorn birds. Imported birds lay well and produce an egg of good size and quality but there is a strong tendency for the succeeding generation to fall off in laying qualities and to produce a small egg with a tendency to softness in the shell. If these defects are to be avoided very careful diet is essential and, especially, generous feeding of the young chicks.

In addition to these farms there is a large number of people who raise a few chickens either as a part time occupation or as a hobby. While this Colony is unfortunate in the meagreness of its stock-raising facilities there are excellent stock-raising districts in south west China which send their stock to the local market. Owing to their having cheaper labour, cheaper and more plentiful food supplies and above all good grazing facilities they can place their stock on the local market at a lower figure than the local producer. The low financial ceiling of the market produced by this has a strong limiting effect on local activities as the local producer has to depend on good prices, caused by reduced supply from outside, to give him an opportunity of selling at a profitable price.

(b) The position as regards animal health is good and on the whole improving. Serious outbreaks of disease are few and becoming fewer. Infestation with the common helminthes is fairly wide-spread, but cases where the infestation is of sufficient severity to affect the host seriously are few. Apart from this parasitism is not a factor of serious economic importance.

(c) At present the animal industry may be described as static owing to limited food supplies, but it is hoped that collaboration between the veterinary staff and the Botanical and Forestry Department staff will succeed in bringing some of the waste land under forage crops.

(a) Disease Control.

SECTION II.

(1) FIELD OPERATIONS.

During the past year the ordinary measures of quarantine of imports, segregation of suspected cases and stoppage of movement, where the circumstances indicated this, have been fairly effective. As the hostilities in adjacent Chinese territory caused an influx of animals somewhat difficult to control we are fortunate in having

M (1) 9

been able to stop the entry and spread of any infectious disease. Much of the credit for this is due to police officers on border duty who did all that could be done to control the wild rush over our frontier.

CONTAGIOUS ABORTION.

Among cattle this still causes a certain amount of loss. For various reasons immunisation with live vaccine has been given up for some years and rigid segregation of affected cows has been practised. Calves from affected cows are kept separate from calves from healthy cows and are fed from birth from non-infected cows. By this means a steady improvement is being made and the rate of improvement is greater than when vaccine was used.

Anthrax.-An isolated case occurred in a small cattle-shed in the Kowloon district in April.

Four cases occurred in one shed of a large farm in Hong Kong.

Two ponies in a stable near the frontier died simultaneously. The disease was sporadic in all cases and was considered to be due to infected fodder.

Rabies. One case occurred at Taipo during July. The dog was a stray unknown to any of the residents of the neighbourhood. Several dogs were suspected of having been bitten by the case and were destroyed. No further cases occurred up to the end of the year.

In all twelve brains were examined by the Government Bacteriologist for the presence of Negri Bodies but they were only demonstrable in the brain of the dog referred to above.

Vaccination of dogs against rabies is not carried out by Government but owners are encouraged to have it done by their private practitioners.

year.

Control of movement of dogs and muzzling have been maintained during the

The following animals were kept under observation during the year as suspected of being rabid but all were found free of the disease.

DOGS 272, MONKEYS 3, CATS 4.

Rinderpest. One outbreak of fairly serious proportions occurred in Hong Kong during the month of February. The disease appeared in several sheds simultaneously and in spite of prompt use of serum spread very rapidly through the adjoining sheds.

Eleven sheds became infected, with 170 cases and 94 deaths. The outbreak was over by April and there have been no further outbreaks. Immunisation is done by private practitioners at the request of the owners and is not compulsory.

At the same time it seemed that another outbreak had started in Kowloon. On investigation it was found not to be Rinderpest but a very severe diarrhea. The evidence suggested that this was due to feeding the animals with large quantities of "Lantana" twigs and leaves.

TUBERCULOSIS.

The incidence of this disease among animals is much less than in European countries. Among native cattle and buffaloes it is practically unknown. In eighteen years supervision of the local abattoir. I have never seen

seen a tubercular lesion in native cattle. In the larger herds of dairy cattle Tuberculin testing is carried out regularly and the reactors and doubtful reactors are segregated from the rest of the herd. Those reactors which are not good milkers, those with any suspicion of abnormality of the udders, those which are also infected with B. Abortus and old cows are slaughtered. The calves from these cows are removed from the cows at birth and reared on milk from free cows. The incidence of this disease is also decreasing.

M (1) 10

In swine a few cases of infection of the neck glands are found but it is not

common.

QUARANTINE.

The following animals passed through quarantine during the year and no case of infectious or contagious disease occurred.

Horses.

216.

Cattle.

Cows.

Bulls.

380.

12.

Goats.

4.

In addition to the above the following animals were quarantined on importation for slaughtering and the following cases of disease detected.

Cattle.

69,371.

QUARANTINED.

Swine.

Sheep & Goats. 15,657.

450,186.

DISEASE AMONG THE ABOVE.

Cattle.

Actinomycosis

1 case

Anaplasmosis

4 cases

Anthrax

3 cases

Emaciation

2 cases

Fever

Injuries

Oedema

4 cases

1 case

5 cases

Swine.

Septicaemia Septic Metritis

Emaciation

2 cases

1 case

Jaundice

Oedema

Pyaemia

Swine Fever

Swine Erysipelas

Septicaemia

Tuberculosis

(2) RESEARCH OPERATIONS.

2 cases

4 cases

6 cases

2 cases

35 cases

32 cases

7 cases

1 case

The limited staff and the absence of a veterinary laboratory make this impossible.

(b) Animal Husbandry.

(1) Dairy proprietors continue to use only imported strains for keeping up the numbers of their herds and avoiding consanguinity. There is a tendency to reduce the percentage of Holstein-Frisian in the herds and increase that of Jersey. Cattle owners are gradually extending the areas under cultivation with guinea grass (PANICUM MAXIMUM). These areas consist of steep hillside not suitable for other crops. Roots for planting out are supplied free of charge from the areas of guinea grass adjoining the abattoirs.

M (1) 11

Pig breeders continue to make a steady improvement in their stock by selective breeding of native "strains".

Poultry. The breeding of such European breeds as White Leghorn and Rhode Island Red is extending as there is a growing demand for the large egg and also for large table fowls.

(2) A few European and Sino-European breeders of pigs are crossing European strains such as "Middle White" and the native strain for the local luxury trade. In the past the results have not been successful financially.

(c) A large trade under veterinary control exists in the export of unrefined lard and its by-products. The following goods were manufactured and exported to the Phillipine Islands, United Kingdom and Australia :-

Lard

3,282,465 lbs.

Crackling

831,491 lbs.

Skin

728,980 lbs.

Sausage and

Dried Meat

174,661 lbs.

One firm has installed modern plant and has just begun to produce a refined lard.

(d) A course of lectures and demonstrations was given to probationary sanitary inspectors on animal diseases communicable to man and on meat inspection.

SECTION III.

No legislative changes in relation to livestock took place during the year.

SECTION IV.

There is no autonomous veterinary department in Hong Kong. The veterinary officers are, for administrative purposes, officers of the Sanitary Department and all financial matters are embodied in the accounts of that department.

SECTION V.

STATISTICS.

Livestock in the Colony as at December 31, 1938 :-

In Hong Kong, Kowloon and New Kowloon...

In New Territory

Total

Horses

Cattle

Goats

416

2,173

161

220

1,400

200

636

3,573

361

The above does not include animals belonging to the Military Authorities. No figure is given for swine owing to the difficulty of getting a figure of sufficient accuracy to be of any value.

LIVESTOCK IMPORTED DURING 1938.

Horses 216, Cattle & Bulls 12, Cows 380, Goats 4.

This does not include animals for the Military Authorities or animals for slaughter.

Cattle 69,371

LIVESTOCK IMPORTED FOR SLAUGHTER.

Swine 450,186

Sheep & Goats

15,657

This is a very considerable increase in the case of cattle and swine, but a certain falling off in sheep and goats.

28th February, 1939.

W. J. E. MACKENZIE, Colonial Veterinary Surgeon.

M (1) 12

Table I.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE 1937 AND 1938.

1937

1938

$ 842,494.91 $ 862,266.79

Personal Emoluments (1)

Other Charges.

Advertisements

754.51

566.00

Bath-houses, Fuel, Light, etc.

Bathing Places, Care and Control of

Burial of Infected Bodies

Coal for Official Quarters Coffins and Biers

Conservancy

1,747.98

2,232.11

1,659.49

2,491.78

1,729.60

674.20

1,232.36

1,476.01

3,512.27

2,934.84

21,601.70

20,227.91

Conveyance Allowances

10,293.44

10,725.27

Disinfectants

8,872.97

8,018.20

Disinfecting and Cleansing Stores

908.64

1,476.07

Disinfectors, Operating expenses of

620.24

1,876.58

Dust Carts, Upkeep of

22.68

64.73

Exhumation, Recurrent

3,204.59

2,545.43

Expenses of Inspectors in obtaining Royal

Sanitary Institute Certificates

3,944.40

755.59

Fuel for Blacksmith's Forges

80.15

91.00

General Cleansing, Chinese New Year

659.50

687.50

Head Stones

2,194.59

3,470.36

Incidental Expenses

1,636.38

1,227.50

Latrine Pails

495.70

593.75

Light and Electric Fans

17,039.91

18,841.92

Motor Lorries, Vans & Cars, Running Expenses.

28,986.74

32,473.46

Paint, Turpentine, &c.

132.99

356.69

Rat Poison, Rat Traps, &c.

1,554.97

924.99

Rent of Public Telephones

420.50

523.75

Rent of Quarters for Inspectors & Sanitary

Offices

2,220.00

2,220.00

Rent of Quarters for Scavenging Coolies

2,744.00

2,675.00

Scavenging Villages

48.00

Scavenging Gear

7,333.18

8,461.31

Training of Chinese Probationer Sanitary

Inspectors

1,304.00

Transport

1,036.96

873.93

Uniforms for Staff

8,779.15

9,784.66

Workshop Apparatus

94.06

31.73

Animal Depots and Slaughter House,

Ammunition

1,521.30

3,714.72

Animal Depots and Slaughter House, Fuel

3,199.64

2,160.01

Animal Depots and

and Slaughter Slaughter

House,

Incidental Expenses

1,828.80

1,547.59

Animal Depots and Slaughter House, Light

934.06

1,059.39

Animal Depots and Slaughter House, Motor

Meat Vans Running Expenses

=

Cattle Crematorium and Refuse Destructor

Total Personal Emoluments and

Other Charges

Special Expenditure.

Anti-Gas Equipment

Two Typewriters

2 Refuse Lorries (Replacements)

One Refuse Barge

12,660.18

14,204.03

989.65

2,115.11

$ 999,190.19

$1,027,673.91

Total Special Expenditure

Total Sanitary Department

Ꭿ

$

538.49

338.08

9,710.67

17,671.56

$

10,249.16 $1,009,439.35

$

4,600.00

22,609.64 $1,050,283.55

(1) "Includes officers of Cadet, S.C. & A.S. & J. C. Service",

M (1) 13

Table II.

Chinese Undertakers Licences,

Hawker Licences

Special Food Licences

Fines

Forfeitures

Motor Spirit

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF REVENUE 1937 AND 1938.

1937

1938

$

1,585.20 $

1,374.30

1,375.00

1,350.00

70,933.75

70,872.75

4

19,460.53

20,747.71

45.91

73.83

Ambulance and Cremation

870.00

1,917.00

Chinese Cemetery Fees

! 12,339.50

14,385.50

Official Certificates

13,270.50

4,583.50

Official Signatures Fees

1,995.00

2,235.00

Scavenging

4,348.80

3,684.80

Slaughter House, Kennedy Town

125,914.70

152,182.15

Slaughter House, Ma Tau Kok

55,615.00

67,655.00

Use of Motor Vans

Lands not Leased not

Laundries

Markets

27,915.50

33,589.50

220.00

220.00

5,200.00

5,040.00

385,782.60

400,172.82

Condemned Stores, &c.

Conservancy Contracts

140.60

889.00

$50.39

Overpayments in Previous Years

Other Miscellaneous Receipts

669.37

2,930.41

325.93 3,745.99

Total

$ 731,501.37

$ 785,006.17

Conservancy Contract, Shaukiwan

REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS.

1937

3,300.00

1938

$

3,300.00

Conservancy Contract, Aberdeen, Pokfulam

and Aplichau

333.00

Conservancy Contract, Stanley and Taitam

173.00

Blood and Hair, Kennedy Town

9,086.00

3,660.00

Blood and Hair, Ma Tau Kok

5,340.00

1,980.00

Slaughtering Contract, Sai Wan Ho

2,892.00

2,580.00

Slaughtering Contract, Aberdeen Purchase of Nightsoil

1,212.00

1,140.00

19,450.20

9,898.00

Total

$ 41,280.20 $

23,064.00

M (1) 14

Table III.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE AND REVENUE FOR LAST TEN YEARS.

* Personal Emoluments and

Other Charges

Special Expenditure

Total Expenditure

Total Revenue

1929

661,629.77

125,590.94

787,220.71.

469,617.92

1930

848,828.00

131,773.38

980,601.38

496,999.42

1931

969,722.11

11,593.65

981,315.76

523,071.43

1932

954,075.66

14,971.27

969,046.93

553,700.29

1933

1,008,962.11

15,612.25

1,024,574.36

551,239.13

1934

972,677.91

79,119.22

1,051,797.13

570,941.53

1935

870,909.29

49,953.03

920,862.32

609,075.52

1936

928,723.09

466.19

929,189.28

722,559.31

1937

999,190.19

10,249.16

1,009,439.35

731,501.37

1938

1,027,673.91

22,609.64

1,050,283.55

785,006.17

* "Includes officers of Cadet, S.C. & A.S., & J.C. Service attached to department'.

Table IV.

COST OF REFUSE COLLECTION AND REMOVAL.

1937.

1938.

M (1) 15

Tons.

Cost.

Cost per ton.

Tons.

Cost.

Cost per ton.

$

&

$

&

Collection :-Hong Kong

70,589. 5

164,190.79

2.32.6

75,959. 5

169,421.35

2.23.0

Kowloon

40,714. 0

85,100.86

2.09.2

44,650. 0

92,714.66

2.07.6

Total

111,303. 5

249,291.65

2.24.0

120,609. 5

262,136.01

2.17.3

Removal:-

Hong Kong

105,748.75

57,957.12

.54.8

109,682.50

67,656.28

0.61.7

Kowloon

70,868.75

35,338.45

.49.9

74,754.50

36,150.54

0.48.4

Total

176,617.50

93,295.57

.52.8

184,437.00

103,806.82

0.56.3

Collection and Removal

176,617.50

342,587.23

1.94.0

184,437.00

365,942.83

1.98.4

Number of articles disinfected

Number of Public Vehicles disinfected

Table Y.

DISINFECTION AT DISINFECTING STATIONS.

1937

Hong Kong

Disinfecting

Station.

26,691

18,956

Kowloon

Disinfecting

Station.

Hong Kong Disinfecting Station.

37,305

1938

Station.

Kowloon

Disinfecting

38,207

*21

*2,352

*486

761

581

656

1,330

125

115

283

*3

*45

208

*6

190

8

Number of days Disinfecting Apparatus in use

Number of articles washed after disinfecting

*Portable Sack Disinfector.

N. B. Portable Sack Disinfectors are considered unsuitable by the Health Officers and were little used during 1938.

Table VI.

ATTENDANCE AT PUBLIC BATH-HOUSES.

M (1) 16

1937

1938

Men

Women

Children

Men

Women

Children

Wanchai Cross Lane Bath-house Second Street Bath-house

92,107

58,065

43,007

93,180

59,729

45,346

128,344

64,882

60,715

146,280

72,350

63,078

Pound Lane Bath-house Hennessy Road Bath-house Pak Hoi Street Bath-house Boundary Street Bath-house Dyer Avenue Bath-house Sai Kung Road Bath-house

122,467

37,561

32,556

140,244

51,783

39,685

85,476

58,756

36,064

88,004

60,896

36,678

117,034

21,747

48,534

120,776

22,146

58,154

114,195

77,255

74,439

102,762

65,196

61,943

71,372

9,300

33,608

79,923

15,323

47,950

38,535

7,325

10,714

40,536

7,522

10,400

M (1) 17

Table VII (i).

INTERMENTS.

The following table shows the number of interments at the various cemeteries during the year 1938.

Public

Private

Colonial

Mt. Caroline

Kai Lung Wan East

Kai Lung Wan, Chiu Chow

Chai Wan

Chai Wan, Christian

Shum Wan

New Stanley

80 Roman Catholic, Happy Valley

234

709 Mohammedan, Happy Valley

33

7

1

3,123 Jewish,

96 Parsee,

1,069 Hindoo,

""

وو

16 Chinese Roman Catholic, Sokonpo 2,246

291 Tung Wah Hospital, Kai Lung

Wan...

9,968

Tung Wah Hospital, Chai Wan .. 1,013

132

Shek O

6

Chinese Permanent

219

New Kowloon Cemetery No. 4

(Sai Yu Shek)

Chinese Protestant, Mt. Davis

115

Kowloon Cemetery No. 2 (Ho

Man Tin)

New Kowloon Cemetery No. 1

(Kowloon Christian)

124

Kowloon Cemetery No. 3

(Mohammedan)

Eurasian (Ho Tung)

9

14

New Kowloon Cemetery No. 2

•

New Kowloon Cemetery No. 3

(Cheung Sha Wan)

New Kowloon Cemetery No. 7 ... 15,985

ނ

French Mission

21,521

.i.

CREMATIONS.

14,049

6 bodies were cremated at the Japanese Crematorium and 42 at the Hindoo Crematorium.

MORTUARIES.

242 bodies were deposited at the Tung. Wah Hospital Mortuary in 1938 to await removal.

REMOVALS.

278 bodies were removed from the Colony before burial.

M (1) 18

Table VII (ii).

Cemeteries

EXHUMATION.

Government

Private

Aberdeen (Shum Wan)

772

Chai Wan

124

335

75

85

Chai Wan (T. W. H. Extension)

1

Cheung Sha Wan

140

Chinese Permanent

12

Chinese Protestant, Mt. Davis

2

Colonial

Eurasian (Ho Tung)

Hau Pui Lung

1

1

6

Ho Man Tin

1,235

Kai Lung Wan East

769

318

Kai Lung Wan, Chiu Chow

27

Mount Caroline

786

447

Mount Caroline (T. W. H. Extension)

2

New Kowloon Cemetery No. 7, (Ngau Chi Wan)

1

Roman Catholic, Happy Valley

13

Chinese Roman Catholic, Sokonpo

471

Tung Wah Hospital

1,118 adult

322

remains

2,428 child

remains

New Sai Yu Shek

224

5,997

3,383

Table VIII.

NO. OF NUISANCES REPORTED AND ACTION TAKEN, 1938.

Outstanding (1937)

No. of Nuisances reported in 1938

Total

3,503

47,659

51,162

Dealt with as follows:-

First letters issued and complied with

33,811

Legal Notices issued and complied with

15,146

Summonses issued and Nuisances abated

440

No further action

110

Reported Nuisances outstanding

1,655

Total

51,162

M (1) 19

Table IX.

CLASSIFICATION OF NUISANCES REPORTED, 1938..

1. Defective wastepipes, rain water pipes, eavès gutters, etc.

5,400

2. Illegal cubicles

5,274

3. Dilapidated floor surfaces

5,229

4. Defective gratings

3,477

5. No dust bins provided

2,750

6.

Choked wastepipes, rain water pipes, eaves gutters, etc.

2,578

7. Accumulation of refuse and stagnant water etc.

2,516

8. Missing gratings

2,092

9. No hoods to fireplaces or flues

1,586

10. Dirty condition of water closets, urinals, latrines, etc.

1,584

11.

Obstructions of windows, doors, ventilating openings, etc.

1,301

12. Rat runs filled in

1.289

13. Defective ground surfaces

1,111

14.

Defective cement rendering to internal wall surfaces of kitchens and

latrines

1,016

15. Defective hoods to fireplaces or flues

943

16. Breeding of mosquitoes

942

17. Obstructions of yards

907

18. Gratings not properly fixed

795

19. Dirty condition of premises

682

20. Keeping of swine, cattle, goats, etc. without licences

640

21. Obstructions of verandahs and balconies

635

22. Illegal shades in yards

551

23. Use of barrels, tanks, etc. for storage of water for domestic purposes

454

24. No covers to water storage tanks, wells, etc.

316

25. No pails. or receptacles to latrines

271

26. Illegal height of cubicles

269

243

27. Dirty condition of windows

Carried forward.

44,851

M (1) 20

CLASSIFICATION OF NUISANCES REPORTED, 1938,—Continued.

Brought forward..

44,851

28. Defective water closets and urinals

238

29. Maintaining fires in yards, open spaces etc.

233

30. Defective flushing pipes, soil pipes, cisterns, etc. to water closets

215

31. Obstructions of open spaces

202

32.

Urine deposits

196

33. Use of verandahs for cooking and sleeping purposes

188

34. No water supply to water closets and urinals

138

35. Discharge of waste water or noxious matters.

136

36. Use of basements for habitation, as workshops, etc.

134

37. No cement rendering to internal wall surfaces of kitchens and latrines ..

132

38. Accumulation of excreta

114

39. Use of yards and open spaces for cooking purposes

91

40.

No fly-proof covers to receptacles to latrines

83

41.

Use of kitchens for sleeping purposes

65

42. Choked smoke flues

43. Illegal wooden partitions.

44. Accumulation of undergrowth

45. Insanitary condition of drains, ditches, etc.

57

54

53

53

46. Illegal wooden structure on roofs of kitchens

50

47. Use of latrines, cocklofts, roofs, bridges, etc. as kitchens

46

48. Illegal latrine and urinal accommodations

39

49. Offensive trades (Rag-storing, feather-storing, soap-boiling etc.)

35

50. Illegal showcases

34

51. Use of rooms for sleeping purposes without window or windows

opening into the external air

32

52. Choked water closets

25

22

53. Sullage water outlets not properly connected to wastepipes

Carried forward..

47,516

M (1) 21

CLASSIFICATION OF NUISANCES REPORTED, 1938,—Continued.

Brought forward...

54. Use of rooms for cooking purposes

55. Illegal bunks or beds in excess

56. Tanks, receptacles etc. capable of retaining water

57. Excavations allowing stagnant water

58. Solid manure in cattle sheds etc. not being removed daily

59. Defective cement water storage tanks

47,516

18

16

16

14

9

60.

No latrine and urinal accommodation

61. Urinals illegally connected to drains, wastepipes etc. by means of pipes.

62.

Water closets and urinals constructed without permission of the

Building Authority

63. Illegal covers over cubicles

64. Overcrowding

8

S

30

7

5

5

65. Use of water closet rooms for sleeping purposes, as store-rooms etc.

5

4

66. Insufficient glazed area to windows opening into the external air

67. Illegal sulphur stoves erected on premises

68.

Bamboo scaffolding etc. with cavities capable of retaining water

69. Dark and ill-ventilated premises

70. Obstructions of roofs

71. Dirty condition of cattle sheds, pigsties etc.

72. No covers provided to the sumps to cattle sheds, pigsties etc.

73. Water closets illegally cased in

74. Black smoke issuing from the chimneys, furnaces, funnels, etc.

75. Laundries without licences

76. Illegal platforms

77. Failing to make due provision for the daily removal of all excreta

from premises

78. Maintaining excreta sumps in gardens

Total

CO

3

2

2

2

2.

2

2

1

1

1

1

1

47,659

Total Number of.

houses in

Districts i.e. Buildings erected primarily for domestic

purposes.

Table X.

1938

RETURN SHOWING THE DISTRIBUTION OF BUILDINGS IN VARIOUS HEALTH DISTRICTS.

Total No. of Tenement

Type

Houses.

Total No. of

Factories,

Workshops, Godowns, etc. erected specially

for that purpose.

Total No. of domestic floors including shops used as residences

by shopkeeper.

Domestic build- ings & floors newly erected during the year for which occupation certifi- cate have been granted.

Domestic build- ings & floors demolished during the year.

Non-domestic

Domestic Non-domestic

Non-domestic buildings erected during the year.

Buildings

buildings demolished during the year.

buildings

reconstructed reconstructed

during the

during the

Houses. Floors. Houses. Floors. Houses. Floors. Houses. Floors.

year.

year.

Health Districts.

M (1) 22

Shaukiwan

1,021

854

24

2,598

2

1

1,329

1,220

50

3,878

13

51

1A.

924

911

46

3,524

18

72

1B.

944

897

51

3,183

21

84

2

735

667

18

2,588

31

2

2A.

928

836

8

3,408

~~ | |

2

3

1

-10011

1

6

Peak

286

2

712

1

2

3

1,112

703

81

3,346

3

13

001Q

4

949

949

39

3,393

13

62

5

857

813

8

2,850

18

6

731

731

61

2,409

6A & 7A.

451

440

13

1,562

7

665

649

1

2,420

1811111

30

4

7

9

2

احد

9

8

1,027

1,027

34

3,448

4

16

12

9

915

914

17

3,140

10

908

906

180

3,362

13

24

10A.

742

714

42

2,567

16

Aberdeen

460

324

13

1,062

11

1,180

153

40

3,999

24

10

34

1

12

12

1,023

1,021

11

3,525

12

1

1

10

13

945

915

30

3,265

2

12

36

15

12

14

1,019

953

31

3,298

7

31

3

38

15

1,191

1,135

35

3,897

16

48

4

11

16

1,184

1,184

46

3,709

4

16

17'

1,083

1,080

72

3,192

2

17A.

1,053

750

7

-

3,304

23

86

18

946

831

7

2,870

24

85

19

1,111

959

25

3,156

18

60

Total

25,719

22,536

992

84,165

184

696

50

2118

1

3

6

11

4

154

37

93

7

7

184

13

M (1) 23

Table XI.

HOUSE CLEANSING RETURN, 1938.

Floors Cleansed.

1936

1937

1938

Eastern District (Shaukiwan, 1, la, lb,

2 and 2a

50,676

46,804

46,255

Central District (3, 4 and 5)

36,658

36,122

32,835

Western Central District (6, 6a, 7a and 7).

23,638

24,211

22,616

Western District (8, 9, 10 and 10a)

36,775

33,569

29,763

Aberdeen & Aplichau

2,247

1,124

1,583

Total

149,994

141,830

133,052

Kowloon Districts (11, 12, 13, 14, 15,

16, 17, 17a, 18 & 19)

83,408

78,883

70,320

No. 16 was cleansed once.

Nos. 1, la, lb, 2a, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 17a, 18, 19 and Aberdeen were cleansed twice.

Nos. 2, 5, 6, 6a & 7a, 7, 10a and Shaukiwan were cleansed three times.

Nos. 3 and 4 were cleansed four times.

Table XII (i).

TABLE SHOWING NUMBER OF CHINESE HOUSES AND FLOORS, VICTORIA, 1938.

1

2

Health Districts

storey

3 storeys storeys storeys

4

5

6

storeys

storeys

7

storeys storeys

8

Houses Floors

Average

M (1) 24

Shaukiwan

119

231

548

67

965

2,493

2.58

* Aberdeen & Aplichau

64

125

134

1

324

720

2.22

1

116

231

439

427

21

1,234

3,708

3.00

1A

2

25

90

795

912

3,502

3.84

1B

18

50

247

550

14

2

881

3,141

3.57

2

4

212

443

:8

667

2,456 3.68

2A

46

238

600

:6

10

I

901

3,314 3.68

3

68

297

322

54

741

2,585

3.49

4

У

35

393

427

83

5

15

115

377

283

59

6

60

28

290

334

71

6A & 7A

12

15

178

239

17

7

9

218

386

38

10

∞∞ + CO OD

949

3,393 3.58

857

2,851 3.33

792

2,736 3.45

464

1,635

3.52

9

666

2,511 3.77

8

63

39

451

416

59

1

1,029

3,460 3.36

9

У

100

355

388

62

914

3,136

3.43

10

1

25

318

463

101

908

3,362 3.70

10A

44

111

269

316

65

805

2,662 3.30

Total

532

1,257

5,054 6,457

658

22

225

+

14,009

47,665

3.40

* Outlying villages not included.

Health Districts

Table XII (ii).

TABLE SHOWING NUMBER OF CHINESE HOUSES AND FLOORS, KOWLOON, 1938.

1

2

3

storey

storeys storeys

4

storeys storeys

5

6

storeys

7 8

storeys❘ storeys

Houses

Floors Average

M (1) 25 -

11

315

260

4

579

2,005 3.46

12

5

19

520

474

4

1

1,023

3,525

3.45

13

11

28

449

458

946

3,246

3.43

14

19

50

491

389

CO

952

3,163

3.32

15

13

53

632

451

1,149

3,819

3.32

16

22

63

835

264

1,184

3,709

3.13

17

59

44

681

357

1,141

3,618

3.17

17A

6

251

348

605

2,157 3.57

*18

5

44

749

91

2

891

2,714 3.05

19

17

188

690

98

993.

2,855 2.88

Total

151

495

5,613

3,190

13

1

9,463 30,811

3.26

* Outlying villages not included.

M (1) 26

Table XIII.

LIMEWASHING 1938.

Victoria (Shaukiwan included)

Kowloon

Floors limewashed by Owners

24,507

18,1701

Floors limewashed by U. C. at owners'

requests

11.

211/

Floors limewashed by U. C. owing to owners'

failure to comply with By-law

Total

53412

2421/1

25,0521/

18,434

M (1) 27

Table XIV.

PREMISES LICENSED OR ADMITTED TO REGISTRATION.

TOTAL AS ON 31.12.37.

TOTAL AS ON 31.12.38.

Added.

Struck off.

Remarks.

H.K. Kowloon.

Total.

H.K. Kowloon. Total.

Aerated Water Licences

Bakehouse Licences Cattle Licences

Dairy Licences

Dangerous and Offen-

sive Trade Licences

Battery making

Bone boiling

Bone boiling, bone

storing and tallow melting

Bone storing

storing

Cleansing of sharks'

3852

엉엉~

5885

2

99

82

181

15

56

30

86

21

30

51

NNGI

92

2

2

3339

1800

63

41

53

29

17

30

2488

5

104

82

47

10

10

7

37

2215

26

29

་3

|

7

21

∞ |

19 00

1

1

2

8

8

M∞

Bone boiling

and

1

1

2

1

1

2

15

13

14

10

94

10

5

14

7

21

115

242

I

1

13

fins

Cleansing and storing

Chromium plating

of sharks' fins

Fat boiling

Fat boiling and gut

scraping

Feather drying

Feather cleansing....

15

14

252

116

5 44E

15

2

221

2

1

21

221

221

221

Feather cleansing and

sorting

1

Feather storing

4

| 1

Feather storing and

cleansing

1

2

Feather sorting and

storing

1

Feather sorting,

packing & storing.

1

1

Feather and bone

storing

1

I

Glue making and

tannery

Gut scraping

Hair drying

Hair sorting

Hair sorting

storing

and

1

Hair combing, sorting

and packing Human hair cleaning

and packing Human hair picking

and storing Lard boiling

Lard factory

Manganese ore

crushing

Manufacture of man-

ganese and graphite

powders

Oil boiling & resin

1

melting

Packing of goat

skins, doe skins

14

4

כא

3

1

3

4

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1 172

35

35

16

1

19

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

מא

3

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

3

CH

1

1

1

1

1

1

and cow hides

1

Pig roasting Rag picking Rag sorting Rag

storing

sorting

Rag storing

Resin boiling

Soap boiling

Storing of sharks'

fins Tannery

Food Factory Licences Food Preserving

Licences

Food Shop Licences Goat Licences

9

14

23

1

1

1

and

112=

1

1

7

7

2

11

4

15

4911

1001+

10

13

23

1

1

13

4

17

1817

131

Laundry Licences

Milk Shop Licences

Swine Licences

440

}: g8°ཙཧྰུཾ

4

4

79

153

45

21

136

267

29

35

131

92

256

348

16

16

250

3

14

17

1

61

38

99

14

44

23

67

43

968 1,408

120

98

478

Eating House Licences.

316

241

557+

106

113

293

Restaurant Licences

109

40

149+

32

10

E8828 81-

5

5.

84

177

130

261

98

348

3

13

16

64

40

104

65

40

105

952

1.430

257

550*

119

52

171*

† Total as on 1st July, 1937.

*

Total as on 1st July, 1938.

:

Table XV.

ACCIDENTS IN FACTORIES-1938.

Accidents due to

Industries

Machinery

Falls

Falling

objects

Burns &

scalds

Miscellaneous

Total No.

of

Accidents

Fatalities

Brewery

Canning Factories Chemical Factories

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

Cigarette Factories

2

2

Cold Storage Plant

1

1

Cotton Quilt Factories

1

1

Dry Cleaners & Laundries

2

Engineering & Metal Wares

1

8

Hat Factories

1

1-

Knitting & Weaving Factories

6

2

8

Leather Goods Factories

1

1

Mines

2 (2)

2

Oil Installations

1

1

Perfumery Factories

1

Printing Factories

4

4

Printing Ink Factories

2

2

Quarries

1

1

Rope Works

2

2

Rubber Factories

.1

3

Shipyards

42 (9)

Sugar Refineries

· 12 (1)

1

18

81

10

1

3

8

Utility Companies

1

3 (1)

2

2 (1)

8

2

44

44 (9)

18 (4)

9

26 (1)

141

14

The Figures in parenthesis denote Fatalities and are included in the total.

23 24 2

M (1) 28

Table XVI.

SLAUGHTER-HOUSES.

CATTLE, SWINE, SHEEP AND GOATS ADMITTED TO THE ANIMAL DEPOTS DURING 1937 AND 1938.

Kennedy Town

M (1) 29

Ma Tau Kok

Total

1937

1938

· 1937

1938

1937

1938

Cattle

56,122

60,576

16,096

17,701

72,218

78,277 †

Swine

273,630

365,886

116,889

144,411

390,519

510,297 *

Sheep and Goats

18,502

15,657

18,502

15,657

Total

348,254

442,119

132,985

162,112

481,239

604,231

ANIMALS SLAUGHTERED DURING 1937 AND 1938.

Kennedy Town

Ma Tau Kok

Sai Wan Ho & Aberdeen

Total

1937

1938.

1937

1938

1937

1938

1937

1938

Cattle

45,143

48,368

16,102

17,657

61,245

$66,025

Swine

233,181

295,459

116,861

144,182

16,456

17,671

366,498

457,312

Sheep and Goats

12,198

9,922

12,198

9,922

Total

290,522

353,749

132,963 !

161,839

16,456

17,671

439,941

533,259

* Including 60,111 re-admitted to Ma Tau Kok and 9,134 to Sai Wan Ho and Aberdeen on transfer from Kennedy Town. † Including 8,906 re-admitted to Ma Tau Kok on transfer from Kennedy Town.

:

Appendix N.

REPORT OF THE BOTANICAL AND FORESTRY

DEPARTMENT FOR THE YEAR 1938.

INTRODUCTION.

1. The Botanical and Forestry Department was originally constituted in 1872 as the Government Gardens and Tree Planting Department. In 1880 it became the Botanic and Afforestation Department, the Botanical and Afforestation Department in 1881 and finally the Botanical and Forestry Department in 1905. Inevitably, the department has grown and from the time it was entrusted with local afforestation it has made steady progress in producing a forest covering on Hong Kong Island and part of the mainland. Its other activities, botanical, horticultural and agricultural, have generally increased and at the present time it plays an important part in local affairs. It is doubtful if the value of the work performed in the past by this department, has been properly assessed locally. However that may be, it is thought that its value is now recognised and that it will continue to receive proper valuation in the future. Such local factors as, for example, the water shortages of recent years, by themselves should be sufficient evidence of the value of its affore- station and protection activities for without these activities water troubles would have been considerably more acute, not to mention the silting of reservoirs and catch- waters which would have taken place. These facts should be sufficient to emphasise that, in this Colony, developments in water conservation programmes depend a very great deal for their success on subsequent afforestation activities while the results from scenic and amenity points of view need no stressing.

2. At the present time the department retains its composite nature by virtue. of the fact that the Colony is small and the department is able to deal with the work connected with its various sections in a manner both efficient and economic. But for these factors it is highly probable that the Colony would have found it necessary to maintain separate departments involving much heavier expenditure. It will be seen in the subsequent pages of this report that departmental activities are increasing and this must of necessity, result in some alteration in organisation and in additional expenditure.

GENERAL REVIEW OF THE YEAR.

3. (Activities during the year were considerably influenced by certain changes both in policy and in organisation. To these must be added the results of the changed conditions in South China which seriously affected at least one section of the work of the department namely forest protection. It is thought that the most important development to record is the fact that Government has shown increased interest in matters connected with forestry and agriculture. The following quotation from the Budget Speech of H.E. The Governor (Sir G. A. S. Northcote) delivered in the Council Chamber on the 13th Oct. 1938, is significant of the trend of policy in these matters. "The estimates reflect the intention of extending the area under forests and at the same time of tightening up conservation methods especially in respect of timber stealing. I understand that there has already been a notable decrease in this kind of larceny. The Superintendent of the Botanical and Forestry Department has been instructed to report on the possibilities of agricultural develop- ment of the New Territories including the larger islands.'

4. These developments considerably affected departmental activities and much time was devoted to matters intimately concerned with both agriculture and forestry. In respect to Agriculture, the investigation foreshadowed by H.E. The Governor was in progress at the end of the year and the complete report was presented in February 1939. Proposals for some re-organisation of the forestry section of the work were approved generally by Government, chief of which were-(i) A rearrangement of the Staff whereby forest protection and field work respectively, receive separate attention. In respect to the former, the staff is domiciled on definite areas and is given territorial responsibility. () The establishment of additional forest reserves on the mainland and (ii) the establishment of a Forest Experimental Station.

N 2

5. The re-arrangement of the forest protection staff was put in action in June and has abundantly justified the change. Increased interest has been taken in "leased forest lots" several of them being checked in respect to new planting and removal of timber and brushwood. Experiments were laid down in the forest experimental station in order to obtain data in regard to these lots, e.g. what they produce now, what they could be made to produce, silvicultural methods, etc. It was felt that the 81 square miles covered by these lots ought to receive closer attention, especially as recent events had shown the Colony's dependence on outside sources for its supplies of firewood. By proper organisation it should be possible to provide, in a legitimate manner, a great deal more firewood for the local market.

6. Forest protection loomed very large in departmental activities and it was found necessary to employ practically the whole of the forestry staff on this work, to the detriment of other pressing matters. Even so, the planting programme was carried out satisfactorily and with considerable success from a germination point of view. (The Sino-Japanese hostilities in South China towards the end of the year, brought on a spate of forestry offences but practically all of these were of a petty nature. It may be stated that illicit operations on any large scale have practically ceased so far as Crown plantations are concerned but considerable denudation of unprotected hillsides by the removal of brushwood and small trees is taking place, which is regrettable from agricultural and erosion points of view. }

7. Work in the Botanical and Gardens sections respectively, was carried on as usual. With respect to the former, it is felt that arrangements must be made. for further progress in botanical matters. The herbarium and library are valuable assets of the Colony and much greater use should be made of them. It is intended that this section shall receive, in due course, the attention it merits. With respect to the latter, the improvements carried out in the Government House garden deserve special mention. H.E. The Governor and Lady Northcote take keen interest in the garden and their efforts to improve it have met with considerable success.

8. In regard to weather, the year may be described as a dry one from a rainfall point of view. The rainfall at the Botanic Gardens for the year was 57.48 inches in 116 days as against 79.96 inches in 135 days for the previous

This was about 27 inches below the average. year.

It was distributed as follows

January to March 10.70 inches; April to June 14.35 inches; July to September 26.71 inches; October to December 5.72 inches. The dry period at the end of the year necessitated an unusual amount of watering of shrubs, etc. Typhoon signals were hoisted on three occasions during the year but fortunately gales of moderate intensity only were experienced.

9. It should be noted that there is some alteration in the arrangement of the Annual Report for 1938. The department is a composite one and at present, Forestry accounts for 65-70% of its work. In the circumstances, it was considered that some re-arrangement in the system of recording the various activities would be appropriate, so as to give the largest section the most prominent position. Altera- tions have also been made in the presentation of the work of the forestry section itself in order to comply with the recommendations of the Secretary of State for the adoption throughout the Colonial Empire of standard forms for the tabulation of forestry statistics in annual departmental reports.

10. Thirteen standard forms have been compiled for this purpose by the Imperial Forestry Institute but, in the present stage of forestry development in Hong Kong, it has not been found practicable to make use of all of them. Forms No: I. II. V. (modified) VI. and X. are adopted in this report and some of the information required by Forms No: IV. XI. XII. and XIII. is embodied in the text of the forestry section, the subject matter of which has been rearranged to follow as far as possible the numerical order of the forms. It is hoped that in the future it will be possible to record more and more of the local forestry activities in this manner and to obtain interesting results from the study of the comparative statistics which will be produced by this system.

i

N 3

FORESTRY.

11. In the Colony of Hong Kong there are no primeval forests. The forest covering of Hong Kong Island is entirely due to afforestation carried out by the department. This work began on a definite basis about the year 1876 but it was not until 1880 that planting on any large scale was undertaken. Thus the oldest plantation is little more than sixty years of age.

Afforestation activities on the mainland (apart from roadside tree planting, etc., which commenced in 1899) began with the first plantings in the Kowloon Reservoir area in 1902. It may be stated that exploitation at this stage is not contemplated and in view of the fact that afforestation generally is likely to be concerned with water conservation and erosion problems for many years, the production of forest for timber purposes is likely to remain subsidiary to the chief aim. Such extraction as takes place is in the nature of forest sanitation, thinnings, etc.

12. Area of Forest Land (Standard Form I)-In the absence of complete statis- tical data it is estimated that the total afforested area is approximately 22 sq. miles. Of this approx. 18 sq. miles is situated on Hong Kong Island and the remaining 4 sq. miles on the mainland. The Hong Kong areas are continuous, apart from the town area, and provide the island with a forest covering from sea level up to 800 feet. The areas on the mainland are concentrated in four localities.

+

13. In considering this section mention should be made of the "leased forest lot" system sponsored by Government. These licences came into general operation about 1906 i.e. 8 years after the New Territories were taken over. The aim of the scheme was to ensure fuel supplies to the villagers and at the same time, endeavour to obtain a forest covering on the slopes. In many cases it has resulted in perpetuating the "grazing" rights of the villages and the mixture of forest and "grazing" aims has resulted in a sparse pine tree covering on the lower slopes of the hills, the land being expected to produce both trees and grass.

The total area of such lots is 81 square miles which produced $9192/80 in license fees. The trees produced are generally of a stunted nature due to the local custom of lopping side branches for fuel purposes. When the tree has reached a height of about 12 ft. and is 2-4 inches in diameter (B.H.), which dimensions are reached in about 12-15 years, it is removed for firewood purposes. Similar trees on Govern- ment plantations in the same period attain 25 ft. in height and 4-6 inches in diameter (B.H.) with a proportionate crown.

14. Progress in Forest Reservation (Standard Form II)-The information given in this form indicates that the matter should receive further attention. Proposals for additional reserves situated on the mainland were submitted to Government during the year and received favourable consideration. The only legally constituted forest reserve (Mount Collinson-area 328 acres) is on Hong Kong Island. The island generally is well wooded and it would be impracticable to constitute more reserves in view of its large population and relatively small It is considered better to treat the whole wooded area as a forest reserve on modified lines and to maintain it as protection forest.

area.

15. It is intended to take steps in regard to the afforested areas

on the mainland and to this end one of them (Taipo Kau forest reserve-area approx. 577 acres) was in process of survey and demarcation at the end of the year. When preliminaries are completed it will be legally constituted as a forest reserve. This reserve will function as the forest experimental station of the department. It may be stated that increase in forest area in the Colony is at present, almost entirely dependent upon the production and maintenance of forest reserves by this department.

16. Record of Forest Communications-These consist entirely of forestry paths. The total length of these during the year under review was 54 miles and they are cleared and repaired annually in conjunction with the fire barriers.

There is insufficient information to justify the use of Standard Form IV,

Table I.

FOREST PROTECTION SERVICE: ANALYSIS OF OFFENCES AND LOCALITIES.

Report of :-

Pine

Assault

Village or District.

Block.

Pine tree

stealing.

tree Brushwood

branch stealing. stealing.

Wild Trespassing Flower in stealing. plantations.

on Cutting

Total.

Forest

Guard.

grass.

Victoria

Wongneichong

Shaukiwan

Tytam

1

59

3

128

2

2

12

I

20

3

20

I

34

4

1

1

192

33

59

2

Stanley

5

Aberdeen

6

16

10

26

Pokfulam

7

30

31

4

65

Kowloon

8

158*

4

10

3

1

176

Harbour Belt

9

114°

16

19

5

154

Cheungshawan

10

29

6

6

41

Kang Hau

11

1

1

New Territories

12

71

39

45

1

1

157

Total for 1938.

509

72

304

3

16

1

1

906

Total for 1937.

366

19

208

7

15

1

616

О

* 14 also convicted for trespassing.

27 also convicted for trespassing.

་་

N 4

N 5

17. Summary of Forest Offences (Standard Form V). In connection with this section, it has been found necessary to modify the standard form and to retain departmental Table I for purposes of record. The monthly totals of arrests (depart- mental and police) revealed a sharp decline in number in February with a gradual reduction until September in which month the lowest figure (59) was recorded. This figure was doubled in October and November, while the figure for December rose to 351. The large increase in figures for December was entirely due to two factors (i) interference with the firewood supplies and (ii) the large influx of refugees. Both of these were directly attributable to the Japanese occupation of South China at this period. Cases for the year were departmental 906, police 1540-Total 2446. This shows a decline of 689 over the previous year. In view of the more difficult conditions prevailing the reduction in cases is very satisfactory. In this connection, it is considered that the re-arrangement of the forest protection Staff from June onwards fully justified itself by the much greater control it was possible to exercise over the Crown forest areas generally.

18. Progress in Afforestation (Standard Form VI)-Additional afforestation to the extent of 238 acres was carried out during the year. Of this 127 acres was on Hong Kong Island and 110 acres on the mainland. Local afforestation methods consist of (i) sowing in situ necessitating the digging of pits and (ii) broad- casting of seed. Both methods are necessary in dealing with the types of area found in the Colony. The total number of pits for in situ sowing was 261,834. The amount of seed used in all operations was 3748 lbs. Costs per acre worked out at H.K. $10/70=13s./44d. at par. It should be stated that results from the pine seed (Pinus Massoniana Lamb.) used for afforestation purposes has been found much more satisfactory when sown direct into the area. Nursery methods have been tried out but have been discarded in favour of present methods. Broad-leaved trees however, have to be dealt with in normal nursery fashion. To date these, for the greater part, have been used only for roadside planting.

19. Areas dealt with were not extensive in themselves the total being made up of numerous areas the largest in situ sections of which were (2) Hong Kong- addition to Tsat Tse Mui area 47 acres; to Taikoo Valley area 46 acres; and (ii) Mainland-Beacon Hill 17 acres; Taipo Road (Plantation 9A) 17 acres; Tai Po Kau 16 acres. Broadcast areas consisted for the greater part of burnt sections, the slopes on the sides of new roads and bare areas.

20. Germination was a little variable but much better results were obtained from broadcasts than from pit sowings. This proved to be the case also, in some experiments laid down in the experimental station. However, a few of the broad- casts were poor also and the subject generally is receiving further attention. the whole germination was very good and results for the year very satisfactory.

On

The

21. Outturn of Fuel-The outturn from the forest areas was made up for the greater part of dead and damaged timber, being the results of typhoon and insect attacks, and of a small quantity of removals from building sites, etc.

It was extracted as logs and transported by lorry to the Stores Department to build up a supply for issue to government departments. This assured supplies for Govern- ment and removed a fairly large consumer from the local firewood market. total timber removed in log form was 2027.59 tons (avoirdupois). This system of measurement was introduced in the latter part of 1937 when the scheme was first put into operation. For firewood purposes it is satisfactory so far as the logs are concerned but is less so where branches and brushwood are concerned. In view of the size of outturn and the fact that it concerns firewood only there is no reason to adopt Standard Form VII.

22. Imports and Exports of Timber, etc. (Standard Form X)-Reference to this form shows that imports are large and timber for all purposes is derived entirely from other countries. Exports shown are in fact re-exports. Reference to the imports percentage column indicates that the only British Colony which has a reasonably high percentage of local trade is British North Borneo. "Firewood" it is interesting to note that importations from South China amounted

Under

-N 6

to 52%, so that the position resulting from the cessation of this regular supply can be visualised and the increase in forestry offences during December can be well understood. Statistics for this form were kindly supplied by the Imports and Exporis Department.

In

23. Revenue and Expenditure-In view of the composite nature of the depart- ment and the fact that some votes serve all sides of the work, it is not possible to give absolutely accurate figures for expenditure on forestry. Therefore, the adoption of standard forms XI and XII at the present stage is not possible. respect to Expenditure, it is considered more satisfactory to retain departmental Tables III and IV and to add to them an additional column showing the approximate allocations to the forestry section from composite votes as well as votes entirely allocated to it. Table II will be amended similarly to record forestry revenue. connection with the latter it will be necessary to include the estimated wholesale market value of the timber extracted and passed to the Stores Department. Figures for expenditure for the year indicate that the forestry section absorbed approxi- mately 55.91% of the total expenditure of the department.

In

24. Strength of Forest Staff-The permanent staff of the forestry section is as follows-senior officers 2 (1 part time) intermediate officers 3, foresters 3, forest guards 12, others 35. This staff is augmented by temporary labour as required and the average daily number of temporary employees during the year was 58. The staff generally is not of a sufficiently large or detailed type to necessitate use of Standard Form XIII.

25. Taipo Kau Forest Reserve-As has been stated above this reserve is to be the forest experimental station of the department. It has been used in this way in the past to a small extent, but the time has arrived for it to be properly organised as such. To this end the erection of a plant house for seed raising, etc. was approved during the year and consideration given to some necessary drainage of old padi sections to provide suitable experimental plots. However, it was not found possible to make much headway during the year owing to the pressure of other sections of forestry activities and the drainage work had to be postponed. Even so, a beginning was made with various experiments in connection with the local pine (P. Massoniana Lamb.) the objective being firstly, to obtain data for comparison purposes of in situ sowing and broadcasting experiments and secondly, to obtain data regarding outturn in relation to the "leased forest lot" system. These experiments are of considerable local interest in their relation to present afforestation practices on the one hand and outturn of firewood from the large area (81 sq. miles) under "leased forest lots" on the other.

26. Planting in this reserve consisted of the following-Trees-Pinus Khasya Royle 154; Liquidambar formosana Hance 497; Aleurites montana Wils. 120. Experimental Plots-Ten acre plots were laid down in connection with the experiments mentioned in the paragraph above and necessary planting carried out.

27. Protection of Plantations-The clearing of all fire barriers and forestry paths was carried out before the commencement of the dry season. The total length of old fire barriers dealt with was 55 miles and that of forestry paths 54 miles. A new 30′ fire barrier was made on Ngan Chau Island in connection with posts used for tests connected with sea navigation.

28. Forest and Hill Fires-The number of fires dealt with during the year was 24, one less than in the previous year. There were 19 on Hong Kong Island and 5 on the mainland. The usual distribution of handbills and the posting of warning notices prior to the Ching Ming and Chung Yeung festivals was carried out. vernacular press kindly gave prominence to notices requesting all visitors to graves and cemeteries to take precautions against damage by fire.

The

were

29. Entomological Notes-During the year the following insects collected and identified as attacking Pinus Massoniana Lamb. :-Ips sp. (Bark borer) A very severe attack by a member of this bark boring genus was experienced.

i

- N 7

Specimens of the beetle were forwarded to the Forest Entomologist, Hawaii, for identification purposes and the species was provisionally identified as Ips (Tomicus) proximus Eich. A collection of specimens made subsequently was forwarded to the Forest Entomological Officer, Dehra Dun and proved to be of beetles secondary to the attack of the Ips sp., which were identified as

as follows:-Pelicerus sp., Crypturgus sp. nov., Xyleborus pinicola, Laemophloeus sp. and Monochamus sp. Protective measures were adopted as follows, all dead and infested trees were felled, the bark, top wood and brushwood, were burnt on the spot and the timber was removed to the depot. The attack is thought to be connected with the weakening of the trees by the severe typhoons of 1936 and 1937. Cheung Chau Island suffered heavily from the insect attack and it received also the full force of the typhoons.

30. Dendrolimus punctatus (Pine Caterpillar).—Attacks by this caterpillar were confined to a small area and were on a small scale. The treatment given in previous years appears to be having a good effect.

31. Mycological Note-In the neighbourhood of Kowloon Reservoir, the needles and leading shoots of some of the pine trees (Pinus Massoniana Lamb.) frequently exhibit symptoms of an attack by a fungus. Infected needles exhibit a dying back from the apex towards the base. Microscopic examination of the needles shows fungal hyphac in the tissues and a characteristic accummulation of resin in the resin ducts. Affected trees have not been observ d to succumb to the attack of bark borors (Ips. sp. etc.). It is proposed to obtain an identification of this fungus in due course.

32. Government Fuel Supply.-This has been mentioned earlier under "Out- turn of Fuel." It is satisfactory to note that the scheme proceeded smoothly during the year and that the outturn was more than required for Government purposes (the latter being 700 tons per annum). At the same time it must be realised that the supply is not inexhaustible and it is advisable that definite arrangements should be made whereby future supplies will be assured. During the next few years, supplies will be provided from. systematic cleaning of the forest areas and these may or may not hold out until the areas envisaged for fuel purposes attain suitable dimen- sions for felling purposes.

33. Other Activities-The following matters are subsidiary to the forestry work of the department, but are carried out by the forestry staff.

34. Miscellaneous Tree Planting-This concerns planting in connection with roadsides, public playgrounds, Government buildings, etc. Plantings of this nature were as follows:-Hong Kong Island 2908, Mainland 5146, Cheung Chau Island 1210 Total 9264. Species used in this work were the following:-Acacia confusa Merr., Aleurites triloba Forst., Bauhinia variegata L., Bauhinia Blakeana Dunn, Bauhinia purpurea L., Cassia fistula L., Cassia glauca Lam., Callistemon rigidus R.Br., Casuarina equisetifolia L., Celtis sinensis Pers., Cinnamomum Camphora Nees, Crataeva religiosa Forst, Delonix regia Rafin, Liquidambar formosana Hance, Melaleuca leucadendron L., Sapium discolor Muell-Arg., Sapium sebiferum Roxb., Sterculia lanceolata Cav., Tristania conferta R.Br..

35. Brushwood Clearing-In Hong Kong, Kowloon and the New Territories, areas cleared of brushwood and undergrowth generally totalled 2,680,340 square feet. Other clearings carried out in connection with surveys, building developments and traffic requirements, amounted to 764,970 square feet. This makes a total of 3,445,310 square feet or about 79 acres. This item has sometimes appeared in reports as anti-malarial undergrowth clearing. It is considered that this is a little misleading, as the routine clearings carried out are on crown land and consist for the greater part of the removal of scrub and long grass from open spaces, around buildings, private lots, etc.. Clearing for anti-malarial works such as training of nullahs, etc. is done when requests are received from the departments concerned.

N 8

36. Scenic Development-As in the previous year, a small special vote was provided for the specific purpose of introducing more colour and neatness into small areas adjacent to tourist routes. This work entails cleaning up and turfing areas, planting flowering shrubs and providing for maintenance of areas dealt with. This latter point may have been overlooked when the scheme was originally put in action. It must be realised that every area added in this way becomes a liability in respect of after care and maintenance. In consequence, planting carried out during 1937 became a charge on the vote for 1938 and part of the latter was used therefore, for this purpose.

37. Areas dealt with during the year were, the lower part of Garden Road and various places in Stubbs Road between Magazine Gap and Victoria Peak. Species used for planting were as follows: Hydrangea hortensia Sicb. (466), Rhododendron Simsi Planch. (Local Azalea) (376), Hibiscus vars. (63), Bauhinia variegata L. (70) -Total 975.

38. Bamboo Scheme--It must be recorded that the hasty efforts made at the end of 1937 to establish propagating material of one or two species of economic bamboos obtained from Canton, were unsuccessful. Some 75% of the material was planted out in Taipo Kau forest reserve while the remainder was planted at Sheung Shui experimental garden. The work was carried out under the supervision of a trained man from Canton, loaned for the purpose, but results were very poor indeed. It is thought that the material (some 1200 canes) was too young and that the method of packing for transport was unsuitable. To some extent it will retard development of the scheme but this has the virtue of providing a breathing space to organise the matter on sound and practical lines.

39. Pine Cone Collection-In view of the changed conditions in South China and the fact that difficulty might be experienced in obtaining pine seed for afforestation purposes, it was decided to collect as much seed as was practicable from the forest areas. Collection was carried out at Taipo Kau forest reserve and in the Fanling plantations while the cones were sun dried and the seed extracted at the Sheung Shui experimental garden. Total was 364 lbs. at a cost of 47.6 cents per pound. The cost was a few cents higher than the contract price for this seed.

HERBARIUM AND LIBRARY.

40. Work in the herbarium consisted for the greater part, of re-numbering and listing the specimens for records purposes. During the year, assistance was given in the collection of the bamboos of the Colony in connection with Dr. McClure's survey. His report will be submitted in due course. Several identifications were made of local species for various people. The specimens of Alangium were for- warded on loan to Dr. van Steenis of Buitenzorg, in connection with the revision of this genus by Dr. S. Bloembergen. 547 duplicates were received from the Lingnan University herbarium for incorporation in the general herbarium. There were 13 visitors during the year.

41. The following were added to the library during the year:-11 books, 427 periodicals, 60 annual reports and 339 leaflets. Twelve volumes were bound by the Prisons Department. Provision was made in the Estimates for 1939 for the separation of the library from the herbarium. By this alteration much needed herbarium space will be provided and it will be possible to consult the library volumes in comfort.

GARDENS, PARKS AND GROUNDS.

42. In addition to normal upkeep, considerable work was carried out in some of the areas under the control of the department. These are mentioned separately with a description of the work performed. Places for which the department is responsible and which require normal routine attention only are given in a later paragraph. Other matters dealt with by this section were sale of plants, seed collection and exchange and inspection of plants and plant products for export.

N 9

43. Botanic Gardens-The chief items dealt with were as follows:-Old Garden (a) Reservoir area-a bamboo lattice was erected on the north side and planted up with climbers to provide some privacy for Government House, which had been opened up to view from the Botanic Garden above by tree losses in the typhoons Two long borders were opened up on the sorth side and planted up with mixed winter annuals. (b) Eastern section-in connection with the laying of a large water main from the reservoir to the new Garden Road pumping station a quantity of turf had to be removed. On completion of the work the area was re-turfed. New Garden-(a) Palm section-the larger of the two areas which make up this section was taken in hand. The two sand pits were removed and the large bare area tu:fed. The smaller area was retained as a children's playground and one sand pit was constructed on it. (b) Rose border this border was emptied (the rose plants being moved to another site) and was subsequently planted up with a supply of Cannas obtained from the Botanic Gardens Department, Straits Settlements. The subsequent display of colour attracted considerable attention. For a winter display, the border was planted up in herbaceous border fashion with winter annuals. (c) Bulb border-this border was re-conditioned, i.e. drainage was provided, the border was raised above the path level and re-planted.

44. Operations common to both gardens consisted of the following-(a) Replacement of most of the Ophiopogon and Liriope by turf (b) Planting of mis- cellaneous trees and shrubs (c) Applications of manure and/or leaf mould to most of the small shrubs. De-worming of lawns was carried out on several occasions by the use of Cha-Chai (Tea Cake).

45. Government House-Very considerable alterations and improvements were carried out in this garden. His Excellency the Governor and Lady Northcote being keen gardeners, displayed much interest in the garden and were responsible for much of the work carried out. Chief among the various items were (a) Upper level the path on the north west side leading to the west entrance was lowered some 4 feet and flights of wide steps constructed at the ends and in conjunction with this the screen of climbers was moved over to block out the servants quarters. The triangular plot of ground immediately inside the west entrance was laid out as a small rose garden with paved paths. (b) Slopes-the slopes down to the lower level received attention of a planting nature, while those in the north west corner of the garden down to the road were cleared of rubbish, turfed generally, narrow paths constructed and the area dealt with generally on the lines of a "wild garden." (c) Lower level-arrangements were made on the north side for the provision of two flower beds separated by a flight of steps leading down to a rockery. At the bottom of the long flight of steps from the upper level the path was continued in a northerly direction to the main lower path. Work of a constructional nature was carried out by the P.W.D.

46. Planting was carried out in several parts of the garden and a good deal of turfing was done. Taken all round the work has produced excellent results and has made the garden very much more attractive. It has brought into the general scheme, the whole of the lower level which appears to have received little attention in past years.

General routine work was carried on and a small mowing machine was used for the outlying areas usually cut by scythe.

47. Queen Mary Hospital-Some progress was made with the planting up of this garden.

It was decided to replace three grass tennis courts with hard courts and work was proceeding on this at the end of the year, under the P.W.D. A plan for the layout of the whole of the garden area was prepared and will be carried out during the current year.

48. Living Collection of Bamboos-The site at Little Hong Kong for this collection received its preliminary clearing which consisted of the removal of under- growth, first by cutting and then stumping. All trees (mostly Camphor) remain and in due course such thinning as is necessary will be carried out. The area was

N 10

surveyed by the P.W.D. and a contour plan supplied. It is intended to plan the planting in this area on systematic lines and sections will be allotted to genera in accordance with their size and type.

49. The following gardens, parks, etc., were maintained in good order throughout the year:-Mountain Lodge; Fan Ling Bungalow; Colonial Secretary's Residence; The Eyrie; Homestead Quarters; Government Pavilions and Villas; Victoria Hospital; Cenotaph Plots; Statue Square Plots; Government Offices; Defence Corps Headquarters; West End Park; Civil Hospital; Mental Hospital; Leighton Hill Quarters; Colonial Cemetary; Indian School; Royal Observatory; Central British School; Kowloon Magistracy; Kowloon Hospital; King's Park and Chatham Road.

50. The total number of trees, shrubs and pot plants sold during the year was 1123 as against 2948 for 1937.

AGRICULTURE.

51. This side of the work of the department is necessarily of a restricted nature as there is no actual provision for such work the cost being borne by the forestry vote. However, such work as the department is able to do is carried out at the Sheung Shui experimental garden which is situated in the New Territories. The land is approximately 3 acres in extent and is in two levels.

The area was obviously padi land at one time and most of the lower and smaller section is still retained for this purpose. The upper and larger section is under general cultivation and is used for such experimental work as the department is able to perform. Despite some years of cultivation the soil in section is still very heavy from the generations of puddling for rice cultivation. It suffers from the disabilities of such soils, being heavy and inclined to become waterlogged in wet weather and quickly drying and forming a hard crust during sunny weather. From this it may be inferred that it is not an ideal soil for experimental purposes.

52. Sheung Shui Experimental Garden-General notes for the year are as follows: The oranges (Swatow) produced a very fine crop this year. The fruits were of large size and the majority of them of good flavour and they compared very favourably indeed with the imported fruit. In every respect they were far superior to the smaller local variety. The replacement of present propagation methods by grafting on local stocks, should make it a useful variety for the local population to take up as there is a good market in Hong Kong for the Swatow orange. The figs produced a heavy crop, but the flavour was somewhat insipid. This might be improved by attention to cultivation. Peaches were produced in

abundance and it seems clear that the introduction of some good varieties for grafting purposes, with the local type as the stock, might produce good results. Bananas continued to produce good bunches and would seem to be a fruit worthy of extended cultivation if only from a nutrition point of view.

53. Experimental Notes-Tung Oil (Aleurites montana)—It was decided to try out this plant under open plantation conditions and as bushes rather than trees. For this purpose two separate areas have been planted up. Useful data, such as length of time required to produce fruit, etc., under Hong Kong conditions should be obtainable while certain other aspects of the crop will be studied. Rice Small quantities of six varieties of rice were obtained from Sydney (Plant Breeding Station) for trial purposes. These have been raised by hybridisation and in some of the crosses local varieties have been used. Results from the first sowings have been generally good and it is hoped to build up supplies of seeds in sufficiently large quantities to enable comparative trials with local varieties to be carried out. Sweet Potatoes-Tubers of six selected varieties were obtained from the Malayan Agricultural Department, and are being grown experimentally with control plots of local varieties.

54. Inspection of Plants and Plant Products for Export-Certificates of inspection were issued during the year for the following:-Vegetables (fresh or dry) to Philippine Islands (66 consignments), Sugar Cane-to Singapore (10 consign-

}

N 11

ments-75000 canes). Narcissus Tazetta L.-to Great Britain (1 consignment-320 bulbs), to India (3 consignments-4820 bulbs), to Honolulu (12 consignments- 17,800 bulbs). Exports were affected by the Sino-Japanese hostilities and were appreciably less than in former years.

55. Goats-In order to maintain control in the matter of goat-keeping in relation to agriculture and afforestation generally, regulations under the Forestry Ordinance (Ordinance No. 11 of 1937) provide that no goats may be kept without the written consent of the Superintendent, Botanical & Forestry Department. In accordance with instructions received from H.E. The Governor, a goat census has been made with the following results :-Hong Kong 68, Kowloon 120, New Territories 260-Total 448. In addition, a stock of approximately 500 head is maintained at the Kennedy Town slaughter house, for the provision of meat for the goat-meat section of the local meat market.

SEED COLLECTION AND EXCHANGE.

56. Seed Collection-In connection with departmental requirements and requests for seed, collections were made in the forest areas of 53 species of trees and shrubs.

57. Exchange-The Department is indebted to the following donors of seeds, plants, etc.-Africa: The Director, The Aburi Agricultural Station, Gold Coast; Australia: The Director, Department of Agriculture, N.S.W.; British Guiana: The Director, Department of Agriculture, Georgetown; India: The Curator, Royal Botanic Gardens, Calcutta; Malaya: The Director, Botanic Gardens, Singapore; Asst. Curator, Waterfall Garden, Penang; New Zealand: The Curator, Botanic Gardens, Christ- church; R. O. Dalrymple; Brazil: The Superintendent, The Jardin Botanico e Estacao, Rio de Janeiro; China: Professor Woon-young Chun, Canton; L. C. Li, Peiping: West Indies: Superintendent, Atkins Institution, Cuba; Local: Lady Northcote, Mr. Kwok Ping Lau.

58. The following were the principal recipients :-Australia: The Director of Plant Breeding, Department of Agriculture, Sydney; British West Indies: The Director of Agriculture, Jamaica; The Director of Agriculture, Trinidad; Ceylon: The Director, Tea Research Institute of Ceylon; Egypt: The Director, Horticul- tural Section, Ministry of Agriculture, Giza; Great Britain: Lord Aberconway, Bodnant; India: M.K. Sitaram Chetty; New Guinea: The Director, Department of Agriculture, Rabaul; New Zealand: R. O. Dalrymple, Brazil: The Superinten- dent, The Jardin Botanico e Estacao, Rio de Janeiro; The Director, Ministerio du Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro; Indo-China: The Director, Jardin Botanique, Saigon; Philippine Islands: The Director, Department of Agriculture and Commerce, Manila; U.S.A. The Superintendent, Atkins Institution of the Arnold Arboretum, Cine- fuegos; P. H. Pozzi, California; U.S.S.R.: The Director, Department of Introduction and Naturalisation, Batum (Caucasus); West Indies: Superintendent, Atkins Insti- tution, Cuba :Local: American Consul General, The Superior, St. Louis Industrial School, Mrs. G. de Martin, Mrs. G. Goddard, Messrs. H. S. Jones and Kwok Ping Lau.

REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE.

59. Statements of revenue and expenditure of the department are given in Tables II, III & IV. The reduction in timber sales is entirely due to the alteration in procedure regarding outturn. Previously, a timber contractor was employed and the terms of his contract included the extraction of timber and payment to Government at agreed rates for the timber so extracted. No timber contractor was employed during 1938, the timber being extracted by the department and passed direct to the Stores Department. The sum ($843/42) appearing under this head was derived from small timber sales authorised by Government. It will be noted that figures under revenue include the estimated wholesale value of timber handed to the Stores Department. Figures for this were 2027.59 tons (avoirdupois) valued at approximately $35,000. Factors affecting this outturn were (i) damage to forest areas by the typhoons of 1936 and 1937 and (ii) the higher value of firewood due to the disturbed local conditions.

...

- N 12

STAFF.

60. The only change in the senior staff was the arrival of the Superintendent (Mr. F. Flippance) on transfer from Malaya. He assumed duty on 19. 1. 38. thus bringing to an end the period of staff changes which began on 27. 7.

7. 37. with the departure on leave, prior to retirement, of Mr. H. Green. The latter retired on pension on 28. 4. 38.

F. FLIPPANCE,

Superintendent,

Botanical and Forestry Departinent.

14th April, 1939.

N 13

Table II.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF REVENUE, 1937 & 1938.

Item.

1937.

1938.

Actual Forestry Revenue,

1938.

$

$

$

Timber Sales

2,492.70

843.42

843.42

Plant Sales

798.69

491.55

Loan of Plants

81.04

53.84

Forestry Licences

9,863.98

Sale of Condemned Stores

50.36

Overpayment in Previous Years

.63

Other Miscellaneous Receipts

829.08

9,192.80 (a) 9,192.80 (a)

1.30 810.63 (b)

Estimated Value of Timber Extracted for

Government Supply

Total.....

35,000.00

14,116.48

11,393.54 45,036.22

(a) Collected by District Officers.

(b) Includes $690 for inspection of nursery stock as against $750 in 1937.

Table III.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE AND REVENUE FOR THE PAST TEN YEARS.

Personal Emoluments

Special

Total

Forestry Section.

Total

Year.

and Other

Expen-

diture.

Expen- diture.

Revenue.

Charges.

Expen- diture.

Revenue.

$

$

$

$

$

$

CA

1929.....

101,146.23

101,146.23 11,885.97

1930.... 120,565.39 3,809.67

124,375.06 12,376.46

1931..... 121,189.43

121,189.43 11,717.67

1932...... 122,041.57

122,041.57 17,028.99

1933...... 125,762.23 999.64

126,761.87 17,634.96

1935...

1934.. 127,403.14

117,447.55

1936...... 125,355.53

127,403.14 14,084.02

117,447.55 13,787.02

125,355.53 13,748.67

1937...... 130,193.92 1,999.55

1938...... 136,442.75 2,635.32

132,193.47 14,116.48

139,078.07 11,393.54

77,762.36 45,036.22

-N 14

Table IV.

BOTANICAL AND FORESTRY DEPARTMENT.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE FOR 1937 AND 1938

AND APPROXIMATE EXPENDITURE ON FORESTRY SECTION FOR 1938.

Expenditure.

1937

1938

Approximate Expenditure on Forestry Section, 1938.

4

$

$

Personal Emoluments

87,116.24

92,315.24

47,226.43

Other Charges.

Brushwood Clearing

6,493.90

6,775.95 6,775.95

Conveyance Allowances

2,122.64

2,466.06 1,806.06

Expenses of Collections

200.00

176.97

Field Allowances to Foresters

597.46

714.73

587.94

Forestry

15,016.83

17,088.54 17,088.54

Forestry Reserve, Taipo Kau

2,951.80

1,413.89 1,413.89

Incidental Expenses

389.59

393.51

Library

298.99

299.32

Light

337.51

363.16

Maintenance of Gardens

10,351.53

10,186.02

Protection of Plantations

830.82

1,189.00 1,189.00

Transport

1,522.03

1,394.20

939.25

Uniforms & Accoutrements

1,166.37

848.39

326.41

Upkeep of Car

798.21

817.77

408.89

Total Other Charges.

43,077.68

44,127.51 30,535.93

Special Expenditure.

Planting Flowering Shrubs

1,999.55

1,904.60

Three New Mowing Machines

730.72

Total Special Expenditure

1,999.55

2,635.32

Total

132,193.47 139,078.07 77,762.36

Standard Form I.

AREA IN SQUARE MILES OF FOREST LAND ON 31ST DECEMBER, 1938.

;

Percentage of

State forest.

Communal forest.

whole area.

Total

Territorial unit and/or category.

Total

Private

Forest

Produc-

Protec-

Total

area of

Unre-

of forest land.

tion

tion

State

unit

served

reserves

reserves

Forest

Produc- Protec- tion tion reserves reserves

Total

Unre-

served

forest

forest

Total

Communal

land

reserves

forest

forest

(Columns

land

3, 4, 7, 8)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

Hong Kong Island A

32

18

18

18

4.61

4.61

*

New Territories B

358

4

4

81

85

1.12

21.79

Total, Colony

390

22

22

81

103

5.73

26.40

A. Mixed Forest.

B. Pine Forest.

*Represents land afforested by local population under "leased forest lots" scheme.

Standard Form II.

STATEMENT IN ACRES OF PROGRESS IN FOREST RESERVATION AND DEMARCATION DURING THE YEAR ENDED 31ST DECEMBER, 1938.

Reserves approved but

not legally constituted.

Reserves constituted but not completely demarcated.

Reserves constituted and demarcated.

N 15

Territorial unit and/or category of reserve.

Excluded

On 1st

January

Added

during

1938

year

On 31st On 1st December January 1938 19

Added

during

on trans-

ferred to

On 31st On 1st December

Added

Excluded

January

during

during

1

*Hong Kong Island

2

3

4

5

year

6

19

1938

Col. 10

year

year

On 31st

December

1938

7

8

9

10

11

12

328

acres

(T)

328

acres

(T)

New Territories

577

acres

577

(T)

acres

(T)

* Hong Kong Island afforested area of approx. 18 square miles (inclusive of forest reserve above) is treated as a forest reserve on modified lines for protection purposes.

Standard Form V (Modified).

SUMMARY OF FOREST OFFENCES FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST DECEMBER, 1938.

Cases taken to Court.

Total

Territorial unit.

Imprison-

ment

without

Imprison-

Bound over Cautioned or otherwise.

Total

Police

and

Acquitted.

Depart-

Total all

Cases.

ment with

Fines.

dealt with. Discharged.

mental

offences.

Unclassi-

option of

option of

Cases.

fied.

fine.

fine.

Cases.

Cases.

Cases.

Amount

Cases.

Cases.

Cases.

Cases.

Cases.

Cases.

$

Hong Kong Island

37

296

19

302.11

19

7

5

383

1017

1400

New Territories

56

358

62

355.52

27

12

523

523

1046

Total.

93

654

81

657.63

46

19

13

906

1540

2446

N 16

Area under regeneration.

Territorial unit.

Type

of

regen-

eration.

Trans-

On 1st Added

ferred

On 31st

Jan.

during

to col-

Dec.

19

year.

19

19

umn 8

Standard Form VI.

STATEMENT IN ACRES OF PROGRESS IN CONCENTRATED REGENERATION AND AFFORESTATION DURING THE YEAR ENDED 31ST DECEMBER, 1938.

Regeneration of exploited forest.

Afforestation of land not hitherto under forest of value. Area of plantations.

Cost of all

operations

including

tending.

(Local

currency).

Area of completed regeneration.

On 1st | Added

Jan. during

Ex-

cluded

during

Ex-

On 31st On 1st Added cluded

Dec. Jan. during during

On 31st!

Dec.

year.

19

1938.

year.

1938

year.

year.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13.

14

15

$

11520 127

116471

1302.66

Hong Kong Island

New Territories

2560

1101

26701

1240.67

14080 238

14318

2543.33

Standard Form X.

IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF TIMBER, WOOD PRODUCTS AND MINOR FOREST PRODUCE DURING THE YEAR ENDED 31ST DECEMBER, 1938.

Category.

Gross imports.

Net imports

or exports.

Average annual net imports or exports for quinquennium ended 31st Dec. 1938.

Value in

Gross exports.

Hundreds

Value in

Hundreds

Value in

Hundreds

Value in

Hundreds

of cu. ft.

H.K. $

of cu. ft.

H.K. $

of cu. ft.

H.K. $

of cu. ft.

H.K. $

Hardwood

11,555

1,104,531

4,192

437,731

7,363

666,800

4,232

399,863

Percentage by value of gross imports or exports from or to different or destinations during the year 1938.

sources

Imports from.

Teakwood

3,468

843,577

307

55,980

3,161

787,597

1,599

368,395

U.K. 1.1; Can. 0.9; Mal. 0.6; B.N.B. 88.0; Fr. Indo-China 0.2 N.E.I. 9.2.

Exports to.

N. China 72.4; M. China 1.1; S. China 8.0; Macao 18.5.

Fr. Indo-China 6.9; N.E.I. 2.6; Can. 1.9; N. China 0.5; S. Siam 90.5.

China 5.0; Kwong Chow Wan 0.1; Macao 92.5.

American Pine

4,277

506,085

671

81,332

3,606

424,753

5,027

418,441

Canada 30.7; U.S.A. 69.3.

N. China 75.6; M. China 0.1; S. China 8.6; Fr. Indo- China 1.1; Macao N.E.I. 0.4.

14.2;

China Fir

4,978

367,624

40

3,203

4,938

364,421

2,611

Softwood, n.o.e.

11,081

1,097,933

4,954

737,636

6,127

360,297

6,216

187,686

439,554

S. China 84.7; Macao 15.3.

Timber, n.o.e.

(value only)

858,747

286,139

572,608

644,694

Sleepers

43

7,351

1,291

227,750

1,248

220,399

560

33,770

Total...

35,402 4,785,848

11,455

1,829,771

26,443 3,396,875

20,245

2,492,403

Firewood (Piculs)

2,549,533 2,427,952

2,549,533

2,427,952 2,462,844

1,857,376

Grand Total

(Value only)....

7,213,800

1,829,771

5,824,827

One dollar Hong Kong-1s./3d.;

One picul-133 lbs.

Macao 100.0.

Can. 9.9; Mal. 9.2; B.N.B. 14.5; S. China 71.6; Macao 28.4. N. China 0.1; M. China 2.9; S. China 11.1; Macao 0.7; U.S.A. 51.6.

U.K. 1.0; Australia 1.3; Can. 1.7; Mal. 1.4; B.N.B. 21.5; B.E. Other 0.3; N. China 0.4; M. China 0.1; S. China 21.6; C. America 0.2; Fr. Indo-China 6.7; K.C. Wan 1.4; Macao 4.6; Siam 37.2; U.S.A. 0.6.

Aust. 23.5; Siam 76.5.

B.E.A. 0.1; Mal. 0.2; B.N.B. 0.2; Br. Emp. Other 0.2; N. China 30.1; S. China 15.7; Japan 1.5; K.C. Wan 1.1; Macao 50.7; Philippines 0.2.

S. China 83.5; Macao 16.5.

4,349,779

Mal. 3.1; B.N.B. 18.5; M. China 1.0; S. China 52.0; Fr. Indo- China 0.1; K.C. Wan 0.3; Macao 25.0.

N 17

Index.

EDUCATION DEPARTMENT, HONG KONG.

ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1938.

CONTENTS.

Part I.

PREFACE.

Part II.

Chapter I.

Outstanding events of the year.

""

,,

3)

وو

""

""

""

II.

III.

IV.

V.

VI.

Legislation, Administration and Control.

Finance.

Primary Education-Boys.

1. Schools for Europeans.

2. Schools for Asiatics.

Secondary Education-Boys.

Post Secondary Education.

VII. Training of Teachers-Male. Training Schools and Colleges.

VIII. Female Education.

IX.

Chapter X.

Appendix I.

(1) General.

(2) Primary.

(3) Secondary.

(4) Training of Teachers.

Physical and Moral Welfare.

(a) Medical Inspection and Teaching of Hygiene.

(b) Games and School Hostels.

(c) School Buildings and Equipment.

(d) Moral and Religious Instruction.

(e) Boy Scouts and Girl Guides.

(f) Arrangements for defective and delinquent children.

Miscellaneous.

(a) Cooperation with other departments and institutions. (b) Cooperation with Missions.

(c) Teachers' Association.

(d) Registration of New Schools.

"}

II.

Report by Senior Inspectors of Schools year ending July 1938. Report on Vernacular Schools.

وو

III. Report by Principal, Trade and Technical Schools..

IV. Report by the Director of the Evening Institute.

:

II

Index.-Contd.

Table I.

II.

III.

> J

وو

وو

Abstract statement of Institutions and Pupils.

Percentage of population enrolled in Institutions maintained or aided

from Colonial Revenue.

Scholars in Primary English Schools by Classes and Ages on 31st

December, 1938.

III (Contd.) Scholars in Secondary English Schools by Classes and Ages on

31st December, 1938.

III A.

IV.

A

VI.

""

,,

وو

VII.

VIII.

IX.

22

35

X.

XI.

J

25

وو

""

XII.

XIII.

XIV.

XV.

""

Supplementary table showing enrolment and ages of pupils in

Vernacular Schools on 31st December, 1938.

Abstract statement of gross expenditure from Colonial Revenues on

Education for the official year 1938.

Institutions and Pupils.

Results of Public Examinations during 1938.

Number and Qualifications of Teachers.

Gross expenditure on Institutions maintained by Government and Net

Cost per Pupil.

Controlled Schools in receipt of a Grant under the Grant Code.

English Schools-Boys.

As for Table IX.

English Schools Girls.

As for Table IX. Vernacular Schools-Upper Grade.

Statement showing Administrative Staff of the Education Department.

Diagram illustrating the relationship of the various institutions.

Government Schools.

Statement of Fees rates, Exemptions and Scholarships.

:

I

EDUCATION DEPARTMENT, HONG KONG.

ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1938.

PART I.

PREFACE.

The Island of Hong Kong is a Crown Colony and was ceded to Great Britain in 1841. At that time it was very sparsely populated by fishermen and agriculturists. In 1861 a few square miles of the mainland opposite, the peninsula of Kowloon, fell under British control and became part of the Colony. In 1898, another fragment of the adjacent mainland, some 300 square miles in extent, and a number of neighbouring islets, were leased to the Colony by China: collectively these last acquisitions are called the New Territories. In this report the term Colony includes Hong Kong, Kowloon, and the New Territories.

Not from the first day of its cession could Hong Kong complain that its religious and educational wants were unheeded. During the governorship of Sir H. Pottinger (1841-1844) the Church of England, the Roman Catholics and Nonconformists were already at work. The Morrison School was founded by the late Rev. Dr. J. Legge, subsequently famous throughout China for his edition of the Classics, and late Professor of Chinese at Oxford. About the same time the Colonial Chaplain, the Rev. V. Stanton, founded St. Paul's College as a training college for native clergy. It still exists after various vicissitudes as a secondary school for boys.

About this time the Government started its interest in Eduction, this interest taking the form of a grant of $5 a month to ten small schools and the appointment of a Committee of Education to control it. In 1850 this committee in reporting on the aided schools said "all the teachers are professed Christians" and named Bishop Bone's catechism in a list of the school books-a Chinese translation compulsorily taught to the sons of unbelieving peasants.

In 1855 an effort was made by the European community to start a public school -St. Andrew's-for their sons. It survived seven years and apparently fulfilled its purpose. From an examination report it seems that boys of no less than ten nationalities attended the school.

By 1858 there were besides St. Andrew's School, 13 Government schools with an average attendance of 400 pupils, 4 missionary schools (2 Protestant and 2 Roman Catholic) with an average attendance of 100. In the Government schools the rudiments of English were now taught for the first time.

In 1859 Dr. Legge became predominant in the councils of Education and he led a successful movement to modify the existing policy of the Government, which might have been summed up in the words, "Christianity through letters."

During the following year Dr. Legge, supported by the new Governor, Sir Hercules Robinson, merged certain of the small Government schools into a Central School, which still exists to-day under the name of Queen's College. The first headmaster, Dr. Stewart, was also appointed Inspector of Schools to the Board of Education; the Board however was abolished in 1865.

This completed Dr. Legge's revolution. The Education Department was now no longer under the direction of the Bishop of Victoria; it became a civil department under the Inspector of Schools directly responsible to the Governor.

- 0 2

The Diocesan School and Orphanage for Boys was founded in 1870, by which time, under the influence of the Roman Catholic Bishop Raimondi, the number of Roman Catholic schools had increased to thirteen with over 600 pupils, half of whom were girls. For all this time and till 1871 no financial support was given to missionary schools, but in 1872 a grant was offered to schools belonging to the Christian Missions. A Code was drawn up, containing a condition to the effect that no religious instruction was allowed during four consecutive working hours each day. As a result of this grant the Protestant schools increased from four to eleven between. 1872 and 1876. The Roman Catholic schools continued to flourish unaided till the year 1877. The present St. Joseph's College was founded in 1875.

In 1878 the Grant Code was amended and the conditions now stipulated that Code subjects should be taught for four hours daily but otherwise left religious education absolutely in the hands of the managers. Thenceforward Government, Protestant and Roman Catholic schools have worked harmoniously side by side, with but friendly rivalry between them.

Dr. Eitel was appointed Inspector of Schools in 1879 and, as he was opposed to State schools where avoidable, he closed eleven Government schools in 1893 on the ground that they had been rendered unnecessary by the Grant schools.

Dr. Eitel (Inspector of Schools) and Dr. Stewart (Headmaster, Queen's College) were unable to agree in their views with the result that Queen's College was made independent of the Inspector. Thus education in the Colony became a thing of divided counsels for many years.

In 1894 the Grant Code was further amended and provision made for Building Grants.

Important changes in education policy took place in 1901 as the result of the investigations of an Educational Committee, consisting of Mr. A. W. Brewin (Registrar General), Dr. Ho Kai and Mr. E. A. Irving (Inspector of Schools), into the conditions of education in the Colony. This committee, among other things, emphasised the need of introducing oral methods in the teaching of English, modern ideas respecting history and geography and the cultivation by Chinese students of their own language. The system of giving Grants, which had hitherto been entirely and unashamedly by results, was brought more closely into accord with modern ideas and the Grant Code amended accordingly. More practical and better teaching in the Vernacular schools was insisted upon.

In 1907, under the Governorship of Sir Matthew Nathan the Technical Institute was founded and upon the retirement in 1909 of Dr. Wright, who had been Headmaster of Queen's College since 1886, the Education Department was reconsolidated under one head, the Director of Education.

The idea of founding a University in Hong Kong was by no means new, but the rapid advance of English education during the next few years made it a practical possibility and in the Governorship of Sir F. Lugard (1907-1912) the liberality of the late Sir Hormusjee Mody supplied a building. Public interest, not only locally but in China and among Chinese in the Straits Settlements, provided funds, and in 1911 the University of Hong Kong was opened and with it a new chapter of education in Hong Kong.

At the beginning of 1913 the average attendance in all schools, including enrolment at the Technical Institute, was 5,582 in English schools and 10,327 in Chinese schools, and the total nett expenditure on Education $269,144.00 of which $15,000.00 was spent on primary Vernacular schools.

0 3

On August 1st, 1913, the important and far reaching Education Ordinance was passed:"An Ordinance to provide for the registration and supervision of certain schools." It defined a school as "a place where ten or more persons are being, or are habitually taught, whether in one or in more classes", and empowered the Director of Education to register all schools other than Government and Military schools and such others as the Governor-in-Council may direct. Thus the children in private schools both in Hong Kong and the New Territories now for the first time came under Government supervision. The State registration of schools had been discussed at home for some time but this is the first occasion on which it received the sanction of the legislature in any part of the Empire.

As a result of this ordinance a comprehensive census of schools and teachers in the New Territories was carried out in 1914, and changes in the Grant Code were introduced. Upper classes of English schools were encouraged by Grants to take the Matriculation and Junior Local Examinations of the Hong Kong University. This encouragement took the novel form of a Capitation Grant for each pupil presented for these examinations whether he or she passed or not. This was done to prevent the cramming of promising pupils.

During the war years (1914-1918) a gradual expansion of the Educational system took place and in 1918 the average attendance had risen to 8,962 in English schools and 16,582 in Chinese schools. The Ellis Kadoorie School, previously a Grant school, was in 1915 handed over to the Government and began its existence as a District school from which boys passed to the upper school in Queen's College, and in 1916 a new Ellis Kadoorie School for Indians was opened by the Governor, Sir Henry May.)

In 1917 H. E. the Governor appointed a Committee "to enquire into the teaching of the English language to Chinese boys in Government schools and to enquire into the question of reducing the number of other subjects taught so as to enable more time to be devoted to such teaching." The report of the committee was published in August of that year and suggested among other things, smaller classes in better buildings with better paid teachers. It also advocated medical inspection of all pupils and a few small modifications of the curriculum. It did not recommend any changes in the then existing arrangement for the teaching of English.

Early in the year 1920 a Board of Education, consisting of the Director of Education; Senior Inspectors of English and Vernacular schools and nine members nominated by Government, was established "for the purpose of assisting the Director of Education in matters pertaining to the development and improvement of education in the Colony", and in 1923 its powers were extended so as to enable members of the Board to visit, without notice, any Grant school when accompanied by the Director of Education.

The demand for a new school for British children, not old enough to attend the Central British School (late Kowloon British School), was partially met by the opening of a new school at Quarry Bay in 1926 and the same year saw the district school at Saiyingpun blossom out into King's College in Bonham Road. The new King's College is housed in a magnificent building and serves to relieve the pressure on Queen's College. Unfortunately the new school was taken over by the military authorities during 1927 so that it did not begin its intended career until later in that year.

During 1927 a committee was set up by the Board of Education to consider the raising of school fees. Its report was finally accepted by Government and a slight increase in fees in Government schools came into operation.

Education in general throughout the Colony received a great help in 1928 when Mr. Woo Hay Tong presented a large sum of money, the interest from which provided Woo Hay Tong Scholarships in all Government schools and made a substantial provision for similar scholarships in other schools, St. Joseph's College, the Diocesan Boys' School and Diocesan Girls' School.

0 4

The figures of the 1931 census throw some light on the expansion of education. The figures were for March 1931.

Population of Colony. Chinese

Non-Chinese

Total

821,429

28,322

849,751

Children (between 5 and 14) Hong Kong and Kowloon ..

88,481

New Territories

17,940

Afloat

12,587

Total

119,008

The Director of Education's report for that year shows that there were 1,069 schools registered or controlled by the Director and the number of pupils in attendance was 68,593.

During this year the syllabus both in English and Chinese, in use in the District schools (Government), was under revision by a Departmental Committee, and the Class 4 entrance examination to the upper schools of Queen's College and King's College was for the first time thrown open to those attending any of the unprovided schools. (It had previously been confined to the lower schools of Queen's College, King's College, and the four Government District Schools).

At the beginning of 1935 the Colony was visited by Mr. E. Burney, M.C., one of His Majesty's Inspectors of Schools, who made an enquiry into the local educational system. His report recommended far-reaching changes in the School Certificate Examination, the curriculum of the Anglo-Chinese schools, and stressed the need for primary vernacular education.

In the following years changes were made in the Education system, the Board of Education recommended in 1932 that the Senior and Junior Local Examinations be abolished and a School Leaving Certificate Examination be substituted, and in 1935 this was carried into effect. The first School Certificate Examination was under the control of the Hong Kong University, but in order to give effect to the recommendations made by Mr. E. Burney, H.M.I., in his report (1935), a school certificate examination to be taken at Class 2 (i.e., the class next below the Matriculation class) was arranged under the control of the Education Department.

To

carry this out an Examination Syndicate was formed. This consisted of

The Director of Education (President).

Senior Inspector of Schools (Chairman).

4 Heads of Boys' Schools (2 Provided and 2 Grant-in-Aid.)

2 Heads of Girls' Schools.

(The six Heads of Schools are determined by roster).

In 1937 the first Examination controlled by the Local Examination Syndicate was held. All Government and Grant-in-Aid English schools entered for this examination.

0 5

In 1933 a school known as the Junior Technical School was opened, providing course for pre-apprenticeship training of prospective artisans. This school occupied the site of the Victoria British School, which after many years of excellent service to the department was closed down in 1931. With the inauguration of the Technical School the Technical Institute resumed its old title of Evening Continuation Classes, or the Evening Institute, the name being changed but not the policy.

In 1936 a new Trade School came into existence, and the Head of the Junior Technical School became Principal of the Trade and Technical Schools. This School in 1937, when more fully equipped, opened courses in wireless telegraphy, building and motor car engineering. Applications for entry to all courses in both the Junior Technical and the Trade School far exceed the available accommodation. The average attendance at the two schools during 1937 was 171.

Although a certain amount of medical examination of students was carried out in pre-war days it was not until 1919 onwards that this was made an important part of school life.

In 1920-21 inspections of schools were carried out by officers of the Medical Department with the assistance of the Medical Officer of Health, but in 1924 steps were taken to obtain a whole-time Medical Officer for schools, and in 1925 a Lady Medical Officer was appointed. Under her guidance the whole system of medical examination was expanded. In 1933 she was succeeded by the present Health Officer for Schools and two Chinese Medical Officers for Schools were also appointed. In 1937 a lady Medical Officer for Schools was appointed in addition to the Health Officer.

Now students are examined on entry to Government schools and periodically afterwards. Physical Training is a part of the school curriculum, each student receiving at least one hour's training each week. In 1937 a new post of Physical Training Supervisor was made, prior to which the training had been given by instructors seconded from the military authorities.

By the end of 1937 eleven of the Grant-in-Aid schools had, at their own expense established medical inspection services on the lines of the system carried out in the Government schools.

The Central British School removed to new and spacious premises in 1936, the new building being one of the finest in the Far East, well equipped and possessing good playing fields.

At the end of 1937 the average attendance at all schools reached the record. figure of 86,993 representing 1,177 schools. The estimated population at the end of 1936 was 988,190, but this has increased very considerably during 1937-38 owing to thẻ influx of refugees from China.

In 1938 His Excellency the Governor, Sir Geoffry Northcote, appointed a committee to report on the training of teachers, both English and Vernacular.

The chief recommendation of the committee was that Government should take immediate steps to provide a new centre or centres in the Colony for the training of men and women teachers both Anglo-Chinese and Vernacular.

i

0 6

PART II.

Chapter I.

EVENTS OF THE YEAR.

1. The continued unsettled conditions in China caused by the Sino-Japanese conflict were again responsible for an influx of both Chinese and Europeans, and there was a sharp rise in the attendance figures of educational institutions. The maximum enrolment in all classes of schools reached the record figure of 104,134, an increase of 17,141 over the previous year.)

2. The Government Trade School was officially opened by His Excellency, Sir Geoffry Northcote, K.C.M.G., on 12th April, 1938.

3.

Heads of schools had consultations with the Air Raid Precaution Officer and during the latter part of the year, were engaged in formulating plans for cases of emergency.

4. During the year a revision of the Hong Kong School Certificate syllabus was undertaken. Great assistance in this task was given by the Hong Kong Teachers Association. This body also inaugurated a scheme for exhibiting educational films in schools in the Colony.

5. During the year a committee was appointed by His Excellency the Governor to "review and report on the teacher training syllabus in operation at the Hong Kong University, and in the normal classes held in connection with the Evening Institute, and to make recommendations in relation to either or both systems". The Committee's recommendations were published as report No. 8, 1938.

Chapter II.

year.

LEGISLATION, ADMINISTRATION AND CONTROL.

1. Legislation (a) Ordinances:-No new ordinances were enacted during the

(b) Regulations:-(1) No changes were made in the Grant Code. (2) A new subsidy scheme for Vernacular schools was drawn up and was under consideration at the end of the year. (3) During the year the syllabus for the Hong Kong School Certificate Examination was under revision. The following are the changes adopted for the 1939 and subsequent examinations.

(i) New syllabuses in English, Géography, Urdu, Portuguese, French, Physics, Chemistry, Botany, Algebra, and Trigonometry were approved.

(ii) Latin will no longer be included in the examination.

(ii) No provision will be made for an examination in "Set Books" in the English syllabus. A "pass" will be awarded on the aggregate of the remaining sections, English, General English and Dictation.

07

(iv) Candidates in Physics must offer General Physics together with either Heat, Light and Sound, or Electricity and Magnetism.

(v) The oral test in Modern Languages will not be included until the 1940 examination.

(vi) The modified syllabuses in Geometry and History will come into force as from 1940 inclusive.

2. Board of Education:-The Board met five times during the year.

The following members served on the Board:-

The Director of Education.

The Senior Inspector of English Schools.

The Senior Inspector of Vernacular Schools.

Mr. A. el Arculli.

Miss E. S. Atkins.

Rev. Fr. G. Byrne, S.J., Ph.D.

Hon. Mr. L. D'Almada e Castro, Jr., B.A.

Rev. J. R. Higgs, B.A.

Major H. H. Joseph, B.A., A.E.C.

Mr. Li Tsz Fong.

Rev. C. B. R. Sargent, M.A.

Rev. F. Short.

Mr. D. J. Sloss, C.B.E., M.A.

Dr. S. W. Ts'o, C.B.E., LL.D.

Mr. B. Wylie.

3. Mr. G. R. Sayer, B.A. was Director of Education from 1st January to 16th September when he left the Colony on retirement and Mr. C. G. Sollis, M.A. acted in the post for the remainder of the year.

4. Mr. J. Ralston, M.A. and Mr. W. L. Handyside, M.A., B.Sc., were appointed Senior Inspectors of Schools on 16th September.

5. Mr. E. J. Edwards, Senior Master, left the Colony on leave prior to retirement on 14th May. Mr. A. White, Headmaster, Ellis Kadoorie School for Indians, left on leave prior to retirement on 1st March. Miss M. Cooper, Head- mistress, Kowloon Junior School retired on pension on the 24th October.

6. The following arrived from Home on appointment to the Department, Mr. A. J. Peaker (Assistant Instructor in Building), Mr. S. J. C. Burt (Instructor, Wireless Telegraphy), Miss J. M. Grieg (Physical Education), Miss M. F. D. Gemmell (Kindergarten), Miss D. M. Cavill (Kindergarten).

0 8

Chapter III.

FINANCE.

The following are the comparative figures for 1937 and 1938.

Expenditure.

Provided Schools

Aided Schools

Direction & Inspection

Students in Training

Miscellaneous

School Fees Collected

Revenue.

1937.

1938.

T

$1,461,103.36 $1,539,345.54

360,946.00

387,205.00

190,065.52 208,295.87

30,530.00

24,661.70

$2,042,644.88 $2,159,508.11

255,938.25 280,863.50

Net Expenditure

$1,786,706.63 $1,878,644.61

Further details of the expenditure will be found in Tables VIII, IX, X, XI.

Chapter IV.

PRIMARY EDUCATION-BOYS.

1. Schools for Europeans. For European children there are three purely primary schools provided by Government, viz. Peak School, Quarry Bay School, and Kowloon Junior School, which admit pupils of both sexes from the age of five to the age of nine. These three schools serve as feeder schools to the Central British School, also provided by Government, which contains both primary and secondary classes. The curriculum follows closely that of similar schools in England, including Physical Training, Singing, and the usual Kindergarten activities and leads up eventually to the Cambridge School Certificate Examination. The fees charged at the three Junior Schools are $105 per annum at the Peak School and $60 per annum at Quarry Bay and Kowloon Junior Schools, and at the Central British School $90 per annum. The staff of these schools is entirely British, nearly all the teachers being either graduates or holders of Froebel Certificates.

Five primary Garrison Schools are provided by the Military Authorities. These are mixed schools and are not inspected by the Education Department. Eight Government Free Scholarships, tenable at the Central British School, are awarded. annually at these schools on the results of the annual examination.

2. Schools for Asiatics. (a) Vernacular Schools. The primary division of the ordinary vernacular school provides a six year course, which pupils begin at the age of six or over. The instruction is through the medium of Chinese (Cantonese) though in some schools an attempt is made to teach a little English in the fifth or sixth years.

!

09

There is only one purely primary Vernacular school provided by Government, viz. the Un Long School in the New Territories, which was formerly an English school, but now only teaches English as a second language, the medium of instruction in other subjects being Chinese.

There were 1,060 registered Private Vernacular (Chinese) schools, of which 273 received subsidies from Government. The subsidy in each case is meant to cover approximately half the net expenditure on salaries and rent, after deducting any income from fees. Some of the schools have "middle" divisions above the "primary" division but most are purely primary. Some of them are housed in proper school buildings, but the majority rent rooms or flats in shop or tenement buildings. They vary from one-teacher schools run by private individuals to larger institutions controlled by local guilds, societies, or missions. Some of these schools charge no fees, in the others the fees range from $30 to $6.00 per annum.

The qualifications of the teachers also vary considerably some are untrained, some have teachers certificates from Normal Schools in China, and some certificates from the Hong Kong Normal School or Evening Institute. The curriculum of the schools include the usual subjects such as Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, and Geography-all in Chinese-and a number include some form of Physical Training and Singing. An Annual Physical Training competition for the Director of Education's banner is held. Twenty-six schools took part in the 1938 competition and the standard shown was much higher than in previous years.

Pupils who intend to proceed to an English school usually complete at least four years schooling in a Chinese school first. Thirty Government Free Scholarships tenable at an English school for five years are awarded annually to selected candidates from Vernacular schools.

(b) English Schools. Government provides seven English schools, known as District Schools, which may be considered to be primary schools. They are Gap Road, Cheung Chau, and Tai Po Schools, which provide a three year course, after which pupils may proceed to one of the other English schools having higher classes; Ellis Kadoorie School, Wantsai School, Yaumati School and Ellis Kadoorie Indian

School, which provide a five year course. Six of the above schools (i.e. all except the Ellis Kadoorie Indian School) are for Chinese pupils and admission is given only to those who have reached a certain standard in Chinese, which usually means that they have studied for at least four years in a Vernacular school, and then enter the English school, at the age of about twelve.

After five years in an English school these pupils sit for a common Class 4 examination and, after passing that may proceed to Queen's College or King's College. These two Government Schools comprise both primary and secondary classes, and the boys from their primary classes sit for the common Class 4 examination. This examination is taken also by boys from the Indian School. A maximum of thirty five Government Free Scholarships tenable for two years at Queen's College and King's College are awarded to pupils from these District Schools and the primary classes of Queen's College and King's College on the results of the Class 4 examination.

Besides the above Government schools there are seven Grant-in-Aid English Boys schools. These have both primary and secondary classes, providing in all an eight year course.

With one exception they are all managed by missions. The pupils include Chinese, Portuguese and Eurasian boys.

In all Government and Grant schools Chinese pupils continue the study of their own language pari-passu with the learning of English and of other subjects through the medium of English. Physical Training is included in the curriculum, and efforts are being made to extend the teaching of music, arts and crafts.

There were also 133 private unaided English primary schools registered at the end of the year, of which 124, with a maximum enrolment of 4,749, were boys' schools. In addition 46 boys attended at three mixed unaided primary schools.

0 10

Chapter V.

SECONDARY EDUCATION-BOYS.

I. English Schools. (a) For Europeans. One school for European children is provided by Government. This is the Central British School and is a mixed school comprising both primary and secondary classes. During 1938 forty two boys attended the secondary classes. This school is fed mainly by the three mixed primary schools and the Garrison Schools, and during the three year course boys are prepared for the following examinations :-London University Matriculation, Hong Kong University Matriculation, Cambridge University School Certificate and the Hong Kong School Certificate.

(b) For Asiatics: (1) Provided. There are two secondary schools for Asiatics provided by Government, Queen's College, with 228 boys including nine Indians, and King's College with 260 boys. Both these schools have, in addition, primary classes. They are fed from the Government District schools and their own primary classes. As in the case of the primary English schools, English is the medium of instruction in all subjects but pupils also continue their study of Chinese. The staff of these schools comprises European masters, all of whom are graduates, or hold some Diploma of Education, Hong Kong University Trained Teachers, a few non-graduate Anglo- Chinese Masters, and Vernacular Masters. The course of three years is now divided into two. For the first two years pupils prepare for the Hong Kong School Certificate Examination which is taken at the end of the second year. Boys who pass this examination may, if they wish to continue their education, be promoted to Class 1 and prepare for the Hong Kong University Matriculation Examination. On the results of the Hong Kong School Certificate Examination a maximum of thirty five Govern- ment Free Scholarships are awarded to pupils of these schools, and of the Vernacular Normal and Middle School, tenable for one year in Class 1 of Queen's College.or King's College.

(ii) Grant-in-Aid Schools. Seven secondary schools for boys, controlled with one exception by Missions, were in receipt of a grant from Government during 1938. The grant is calculated on a capitation basis and is paid at the rate of $40 per pupil annually. All these schools have primary classes, which serve to feed the secondary departments, in which 1,111 boys attended during the year. The course of studies followed is very much the same as that carried out in the Government schools and pupils are prepared for the same examinations. In certain schools boys are entered for the London Chamber of Commerce Examination.

(iii) Private Schools. One secondary English school, St. Stephen's College (184 boys) is a private school and is not inspected by the Education Department.

Examinations. At the Matriculation Examination of the University of Hong Kong held in 1938, 286 boys from local secondary schools sat of whom 143 passed. 634 boys entered for the Hong Kong School Certificate Examination 404 passed, 35 obtaining Honours and 31 were absent.

II. Vernacular Schools (Chinese). (i) Provided. The Vernacular Normal and Middle School is the only school provided by Government. In this school (252 pupils) the medium of instruction is Chinese but a certain amount of English is also taught, and boys are entered for the Hong Kong School Certificate Examination.

(2) Subsidized Schools. During the year six Middle Schools (601 boys) received a subsidy from Government. These schools, in which English is taught as a second language, provide a six year course, three years Junior Middle and three years Senior Middle, leading up to the entrance examinations of Chinese Universities. These schools also provide primary education.

E

- 0 11

(3) Private Schools. Owing to the Sino-Japanese trouble six Middle Vernacular Schools were opened in the New Territories. These are boarding schools.

III. Vocational. (i) The Evening Institute is a collective name for the various evening classes held by the Education Department at different centres. These classes were held for seven months during the year, the maximum enrolment being 1,243 (907 male students). They were held in seven centres in the following subjects: English, Field Surveying (discontinued after the summer holidays owing to lack of support), Building, Engineering, Ship-building, Hygiene, Pedagogy (English and Vernacular), Book-keeping, Shorthand, and Physical Instruction. An Electrical Engineering class was started during the year. Instruction in Pedagogy (English) was from September onwards carried out during school hours. The fees payable are $10 per term for students taking general subjects, $5 per term for those taking the "Trade" courses and $1 per term for those taking the Vernacular Teachers' course. Members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade are admitted on payment of half fees, and these are refunded when the final examination has been passed.

(ii) The Junior Technical School. This Government institution provided courses in English and Workshop training for an average of 97 students during the year. The fees are $36 per annum and boys, who enter the school at the age of 11 years, are given a three year course. During 1938 the teaching of English was reorganised and now follows the "Oxford English Course". Workshop training is becoming more popular in the school.

(i) The Government Trade School. This was officially opened by His Excellency the Governor on 12th April, 1938, and consists at present of three departments, viz. Wireless Telegraphy, Building, and Engineering. During the year the equipment for the school was practically completed. The maximum enrolment was 144 but, as some students were removed as unlikely to become efficient, the average enrolment was 86. The fees payable amount to $48 per annum. Students who have successfully completed courses at the Junior Technical or the Trade Schools usually find little difficulty in obtaining employment in local firms. Kowloon-Canton Railway, The Dock Companies, and the Royal Naval Yard, take a special interest in boys leaving these schools.

The

(iv) The Government Vernacular Normal and Middle School. Two classes for the training of Vernacular teachers were attended by 23 students during the year. 10 students were in the second or final year, of whom six passed the annual examination. Some of these will be employed in Government Vernacular schools as vacancies occur, the others will go to subsidized Vernacular schools.

(v) The Tai Po Normal School. 43 students were enrolled during the year at this school which provides a three year course for the training of Vernacular teachers in the New Territories. Three students passed the final examination and these will eventually be employed in Vernacular Rural Subsidized schools.

(vi) A number of unaided schools are now teaching Wireless Telegraphy and Radio Maintenance Work, others such subjects as Painting, Motor Car Repairing, Bootmaking and general Metal Working.

Chapter VI.

POST SECONDARY EDUCATION.

1. There is no post-Secondary Educational institution under direct control of the Education Department.

2. The University of Hong Kong, opened in 1911, fulfils the need for post-secondary education for students from local schools. Students are admitted to the University into the faculties of Arts, Medicine and Engineering on the results of the University Matriculation Examination.

f

0 12

Chapter VII.

TRAINING OF TEACHERS, MALE. TRAINING SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES.

1. Trained teachers fall into four groups, viz. (1) those possessing a certificate recognised by the English Board of Education or its equivalent, (2) graduates of the University of Hong Kong, (3) those who have passed through one or other of the Government Vernacular Normal Schools, and (4) those who have satisfactorily attended either English or Vernacular Normal classes in connection with the Evening Institute.

2. The training of English teachers is carried out either in the Education Group of the Faculty of Arts at the University of Hong Kong, or in the Teacher Training classes of the Evening Institute. At the University the training is carried out simultaneously with the degree course, which is a four year course.

In the first year

students take Logic, in the second, Psychology and Practical Teaching; Ethics and the Theory and History of Education are studied during the third and fourth years respectively. At the end of the year 66 students were in training in the Education Group, of whom 19 held Government Education Scholarships.

The Evening Institute provides a three year course. The classes, now held in the afternoons during school hours, include lectures on English Literature, Speech Training including elementary principles of Phonetics, and Method. Model and criticism lessons are held occasionally in all years and the lecturer in Method visits students in their own schools to observe them at work before their own classes.

3. There are four Government Institutions for training Vernacular School teachers (a) Evening Classes. The students include teachers already teaching in schools, students who wish to become teachers and students who desire education without necessarily wishing to become teachers. The course lasts for three years.

(b) The Day Normal School for men at the Vernacular Normal and Middle School. This is two year course.

(c) The Vernacular Normal School for Women. The course lasts three years.

(d) The Vernacular Normal School at Tai Po (New Territories) for men. The course lasts for three years.

4. As a result of the recommendation of the Committee appointed by the Governor in March (mentioned in Part I of this report) it is proposed to open a new Teachers Training College in September 1939. The College will open with two classes; one of Anglo-Chinese and one of Vernacular student teachers.

Chapter VIII.

FEMALE EDUCATION.

GENERAL, PRIMARY, SECONDARY, TRAINING OF TEACHERS.

1. General. The Educational System in force in Hong Kong is not, in general, co-educational. There are, at present, 23 mixed schools and in addition a number of girls schools admit boys under twelve years of age to their lower classes. At the end of 1938 there were in the Colony 1,243 institutions under the

O 13 -

control of the Director of Education and 6 exempted schools. The total enrolment in all schools was 104,134 of which 34,341 were girls. This represents 32.97% of the total enrolment. These are divided as follows.

1937.

1938.

(a) In provided schools

1,275

1,480

In aided schools

11,014

11,661

In unaided schools

16,271

21,200

28,560

34,341

(b) In Vernacular Schools

23,975

29,366

In English Schools

4,585

4,975

28,560

34,341

2. Primary. (a) Provided. Government provides three mixed primary schools for children of British European parentage attended during 1938 by 162 girls. Children of non-British European parentage are admitted to these schools subject to vacancies occurring. There is also a primary division for British children in the Central British School. For Chinese girls there is an infants and primary department attached to the Belilios Public School. Twelve scholarships from private Vernacular schools are tenable at this school annually.

(b) Grant-in-Aid Schools. The grants paid by Government are on a capitation basis, $35 per annum per girl in average attendance at the English schools and $14 per annum at the Higher Grade Vernacular Schools. There are eight English Grant schools for girls, six of which have infant and primary departments in addition to secondary divisions. Of the remaining two, one is both primary and infants, the other for infants only. These schools are conducted by the Church of England, the London Missionary Society and Roman Catholic Missions.

Three Higher Grade Vernacular Girls Grant schools, controlled by the Church Missionary Society or the London Missionary Society, provide primary education. The enrolment was 1,202, including 104 boys under twelve years of age.

(c) Other Schools. Five mixed Garrison Schools accommodated 177 girls in 1938. These schools are not under the control of the Director of Education but eight Government Free Scholarships are awarded annually to these schools and are tenable at the Central British School.

3. Secondary. The Central British School (mixed) for British children and the Belilios Public School for Chinese girls are provided by Government and are English schools. The Vernacular Normal School for Women gives a three year (previously four year) course for 182 Chinese girls.

Six English and three Vernacular Grant-in-Aid schools provide secondary education for girls, as also do a small percentage of the 292 subsidized and non- subsidized but inspected Vernacular schools. 6,794 girls received secondary education in 15 schools maintained or aided by Government during 1938.

The curriculum for girls follows much the same lines as that for boys. In the Hong Kong School Certificate syllabus Domestic Science has been added to the Science section, and Botany is also a popular subject for girls.

0 14

During the year under review 90 girls from local secondary schools entered for the Matriculation Examination of the University of Hong Kong of whom 49 passed. 176 girls from 10 schools took the Hong Kong School Certificate Examination 150 passed, 14 with Honours.

All girls in Government and Grant schools receive a minimum of one hour's Physical Education each week, but at present only two of the Grant schools receive this under the supervision of Government trained instructors. Net-ball is the most popular game.

An inter-school league has been formed, and in 1938 was won by Belilios Public School. Hockey is played at the Central British and the Diocesan Girls' Schools.

4. Training of Teachers. (a) English. (1) In the Education Group of the Faculty of Arts in the University of Hong Kong. Government Education Scholarships are awarded annually on the results of the Matriculation Examination, the recipients after completing the prescribed course, being absorbed as mistresses into Government or Grant schools. (2) In the Teachers classes of the Evening Institute. The Evening Institute provides a three year course after the completion of which the trained teachers are employed in local schools.

(b) Vernacular. (1) In the Vernacular Teachers classes of the Evening Institute. (2) The Vernacular Normal School for Women.

Both of these training centres provide a three year course.

(c) Physical Education. Two Chinese Physical Training Instructors were employed by Government.

Chapter IX.

PHYSICAL AND MORAL WELFARE.

(a) Medical Inspection and Teaching of Hygiene.

1. The School Hygiene Branch of the Medical Department first came into being in 1925 when a health officer was specially allocated for the work. The branch now consists of the Health Officer for Schools, two Chinese Health Officers, one part tiine lady Medical Officer and five school nurses.

2. Dr. G. M. Hargreaves, Health Officer for Schools, proceeded on leave in May, Dr. L. D. Pringle acted until 1st September, after which Dr. Au King carried on the duties.

3. The work undertaken by this branch may be divided into two main groups. (a) the medical inspection of school children, (b) the inspection of premises proposed for use as private schools, with a view to advising the Education Authorities on matters of Hygiene and Sanitation.

4. In 1931 an annual charge (varying from fifty cents to three dollars) was made payable by Government School pupils to meet the cost of medical inspection. Part of the "medical fee" is set aside in Education Department estimates, and so far as it concerns the School Hygiene branch it entitles Government school pupils (i) to be provided with spectacles when prescribed at school clinics, (i) to have hospital fees paid when admitted for operation on tonsils and adenoids and (i) to have exercises for correction of squint at the office of a local optician.

0 15

5. The provision of free spectacles has been greatly extended since 1935 by the introduction of a scheme by which, first the Grant Schools, and then certain Vernacular inspected schools were enabled to obtain them. In 1936 it was found possible to supply all entrants to the lowest class in Grant schools with free spectacles if required, provided the school made arrangements for eye inspection to be carried out by a qualified Medical Practitioner and the prescriptions for spectacles to be given by a qualified opthalmologist. At the end of 1936 all the Grant schools had joined the scheme as a result of which nearly 12,000 pupils were being periodically examined for eye defects.

6. During the year a total of 6,186 medical examinations were made in 19 Government Schools. 1,958 entrants were inspected, of whom 1,108 were found

to have defects.

7. The treatment of defects is undertaken at three general and two special clinics. The attendance during the period under review were as follows:-

Ellis Kadoorie General clinic

1,479.

Violet Peel Health Centre clinic

525.

Yaumati General clinic

617.

Special clinic for visual disorders

382.

Special clinic for ear, nose & throat

262.

3,265.

8. The school nurses, in addition to helping at inspections and at the clinics, paid 205 visits to the homes of pupils, the visits being concerned with giving advice to parents or guardians.

9. When notified by the Education Authorities officers of the School Hygiene branch inspect premises proposed for school purposes and report on the suitability for registration. 432 inspections were carried out during the year.

10. A new set of proposed regulations for Hygiene and Sanitation for schools is at present under consideration.

11. Hygiene is one of the subjects in the curriculum of all schools, and questions on this subject are now incorpororated in the science papers of the School Certificate examination. In the Teachers Classes of the Evening Institute all students are required to study and be examined in Hygiene. Hygiene is also included in the course for graduate teachers at the University of Hong Kong.

(b) Games and School Hostels.

12. The regulations of the Education Department require that at least one hour per week shall be devoted to physical education exclusive of organised games. With the standardisation of the length of periods throughout Government schools this has become, in effect, a minimum of one hour and twenty minutes. Grant-in-Aid schools are required to devote at least two periods weekly to physical training.

13. Despite difficulties due to lack of suitable accommodation, of apparatus, and of playing fields, and in addition, to the fact that in the case of the Chinese pupil, any systematic exercise previous to entering a Government school has been, in the past, almost non-existent, good progress has been made in the teaching of the subject

0 16

in both boys and girls schools. Regular bi-weekly and weekly training classes for both male and female teachers have been carried on throughout the year, and the effects of these are clearly noticeable. A notable advance is the appreciation of the necessity for exercising in suitable clothing and footwear, and in all Government schools all pupils change into suitable attire. This is not yet the case in all Grant- in-Aid schools but the custom is spreading rapidly.

14. Hygiene is not taught in the Physical Education syllabus as a subject for set theoretical instruction but is regarded as a subject for practical and incidental inculcation. The lack of suitable washing and changing accommodation in some schools is a serious handicap to this purpose.

15. The work is based on the Swedish system, modified by more recent work in Denmark, and latterly in England, and adapted as far as possible to the individual needs of the schools. The introduction of rhythmical work and, in the girls schools, of music in movement, has had the desired effect of producing a freedom of movement which was sadly lacking. The use of minor apparatus, of minor games leading up to the major team games, of training exercises for athletics and field events has widened the scope of the syllabus and roused keen interest in the older pupils in boys schools.

16. From June 7th to July 30th all Government male teachers of Physical Education together with twelve male University Trained Teachers seconded from Government Schools attended a seven weeks course in Physical Education, the object of which was to create a more intelligent and vivid conception of the subject, and its significance in the school curriculum. At the end of the course a demonstration was given before the Director of Education and Heads of Schools. The results of the course have been encouraging, and of the twelve University Trained Teachers seven are teaching some Physical Training in Government schools, thus enabling some Physical Education to be practised in Cheung Chau and Tai Po Government schools, hitherto impossible of achievement.

17. Training in the keeping and interpretation of records of Physical develop- ment has been commenced, and will be continued in cooperation with the Health Officer for Schools.

18. More organised games are taken during definite periods of school work especially in Government schools. The allocation of the Queen's College recreation ground to Government Schools in Hong Kong enables five schools to use this small but exceedingly valuable recreation field. Inter-school athletic sports, entries for which come from the senior schools of the Colony, are held annually. For the second year in succession the Governor's Shield was won by the team entered by the Central British School. Practically every school holds an annual athletic meeting of its own. Football is by far the most popular game, inter-school matches being played in increasing numbers, and although there is no general league for schools, one exists for Junior Government Schools. This league was won this year by Wantsai School. Cricket is increasing in popularity, as also is Hockey. Many players who now represent the Colony in Interport Matches are products of the local schools. Inter- school leagues exist for Volley Ball, Basket Ball, and Net Ball. Unfortunately few schools have adequate playing fields, and for such games as cricket, football, and hockey are dependent upon the generosity of local Recreation Clubs.

19. At present few hostels exist in the Colony and those are attached to Grant or Private schools. There are six in the New Territories transferred there as a result of the unsettled conditions in South China.)

(c) School Buildings and Equipment.

20. No new buildings were opened or extensive alterations carried out during the year.

The supply of equipment has followed the normal programme. The outstanding equipment for the Government Trade School was completed during the

year.

(d) Moral and. Religious Instruction.

O 17

21. No direct moral or religious instruction is given in Government schools and in the case of schools run by Religious bodies instruction of this nature is given in accordance with the Grant Code 1924 Para. 18 which states that any time devoted to religious instruction shall not be included in the minimum time for attendance.

(e) Boy Scouts and Girl Guides.

22. Both these movements have retained their popularity during recent years. The following particulars provided by the Commissioners show the respective organisations to be closely connected with schools.

(i) Boy Scouts:-7 troops comprising 154 scouts are run in connection with schools in Hong Kong, 10 troops (176 scouts) in Kowloon and New Territory schools. In many cases members of the staffs of these schools take an active interest in the running of the troops.

ii) Girl Guides:-Connected with schools in Hong Kong there are 5 Companies (87 guides) of Girl Guides and 4 Packs comprising 69 Brownies. In Kowloon and the New Territories the corresponding figures are 6 companies (121) of girl guides and 3 packs (72) Brownies. In the Annual Report it was stated that although the enthusiasm for the association was increasing it was becoming more and more difficult to find more Guiders without whom the necessary expansion is impossible.

(iii) China Deep Sea Scout Troops: A number of boys from local schools are active members of this organisation.

(f) Arrangement for defective or delinquent children.

23. (i) A school situated in Kowloon City for Deaf and Damb children is subsidized by Government.

(ii) A Home for the Blind has been opened in Hong Kong but is not controlled by Government.

sent to

(iii) Delinquent children convicted in the Juvenile Courts are Government Remand Homes. Some boys go to the Industrial Schools and some girls are looked after by the Salvation Army authorities.

Chapter X.

MISCELLANEOUS.

(a) Cooperation with other departments and institutions.

The Education Department was again responsible for conducting examinations for other departments and institutions. In addition to its own School Certificate. Examination the following were conducted for other departments :-The Junior Clerical Examination, Interpreters' Examination, Probationary Clerkship Examination, and one for Station Officer, Fire Brigade. Examinations on behalf of Institutions outside the Colony include Cambridge University School Certificate, London Univer- sity Matriculation, London Chamber of Commerce, The Corporation of Accountants, (Glasgow) and the Corporation of Secretaries.

- O 18

The Medical service provided the usual school services and assisted in the inspection of schools which applied for registration. The Botanical and Forestry Department and the Public Works Department maintained buildings and grounds in good repair during the year. The Kowloon Canton Railway (British Section) provided season tickets at reduced rates for pupils requiring them.

(b) Cooperation with Missions.

The majority of the Grant schools are conducted by Missions. The Church of England, Roman Catholic, Jesuit Fathers, Church Missionary Society and the London Missionary Society.

(c) Teachers Association.

This association, now in its sixth year of existence, continued to serve education in the Colony and has been of great assistance in the revision of the School Certificate Examination syllabus. It has also started a scheme for the purpose of purchasing and showing educational films. There are 174 ordinary members of the association.

(d) Registration of New Schools.

The Registration of New Schools is made compulsory by the Education Ordinance of 1913 (mentioned in Part I of this report). Its effect is to ensure a certain minimum of sanitation and educational attainment in every school.

The number of private schools registration on 31st December, 1938, was 1,060 an increase of 50 over the previous year. The number of pupils enrolled was 82,030 (66,957 in 1937).

Appendix I.

REPORT BY SENIOR INSPECTORS OF SCHOOLS, YEAR ENDING JULY 1938.

(a) Provided.

1. Queen's College. Headmaster, Mr. F. J. de Rome, M.B.E., B.Sc. The maximum monthly enrolment was 615. The average attendance 560 (576 in 1937) the decrease of 16 being due to lower numbers in Class 1.

2. Class 1 took the Matriculation Examination conducted by the University of Hong Kong. 20 boys sat 10 passed.

Class 2 took the Class 2 School Certificate Examination of the Hong Kong Education Department. 79 boys sat 61 passed, 14 with Honours. 21 Scholarships were gained to Class 1.

In the rest of the school (Classes 3-8) 452 boys were examined and 346 gained promotion.

3.

8 past pupils graduated at the University of Hong Kong.

4.

Additions were made to all libraries. Total number of books in all sections

of the library 4,826.

¿

O 19

5. Queen's College pavilion at Causeway Bay was taken over by Government for maintenance. The school used the sports field on Mondays and Wednesdays, about 90 boys being taken each time.

6. About $5,400 was contributed to War Relief Funds by Staff and Pupils since October 1937.

7. King's College. Headmaster, Mr. W. Kay, M.A. The maximum monthly enrolment was 780 the average attendance 762 (754 in 1937).

8. In the Matriculation Examination of the University of Hong Kong 47 boys sat 22 passed. Two Government Studentships in Training were gained. In the School Leaving Certificate conducted by the Local Examination Syndicate (Class 2) 87 boys sat 68 passed 6 of whom gained Honours. In classes 3-8, 641 boys were examined and 445 were promoted.

9. Physical Training and Organised Games are compulsory. The school won Inter-school Volley Ball League (Small Boys) and were runners up in the Government Schools Junior Football League.

10. Two masters and one part-time master took a special course in Physical Training and are now teaching this subject in school for a few hours each week.

11. Ellis Kadoorie School. Headmaster, Mr. C. Mycock. The maximum enrolment 470, the average attendance 421.4. The average attendance 89.7% is unusually low. This may be accounted for by the war conditions prevailing in the adjacent territories.

12. 57 boys sat for the Class 4 examination of whom 35 passed. Seven Government Scholarships were awarded on this result. In the other Classes (5-8) 403 boys were examined 328 or 81.4% passed.

13. The annexe on Hospital Road is being converted into a gymnasium with the approval of Government. School teams were entered in the Y.M.C.A. Inter- School Volley Ball Leagues and the Government Schools Junior Football League. Periodical visits were paid to Queen's College ground Causeway Bay for field games.

14. The school libraries were reorganised and a Staff library started.

15. Yaumati School. Headmaster, Mr. G. W. Reeve, B.A. Maximum Enrolment 270 with an average attendance of 251.9 (97%). Mrs. L. M. Humphrey rejoined the staff in December 1937, being transferred from Kowloon Junior School.

16. 46 boys sat for the Class 4 examination 41 passing and seven Government Scholarships were awarded. The top boy in the examination was from this School. 56 boys sat for the Class 6 examination (Yaumati School and three outlying schools) 44 passed.

17. Organised games were carried out through the year. School Football and Volley Ball teams played in League and Friendly games. A piece of ground adjoin- ing the school has been allotted as an extra playground.

18. Wantsai School. Headmaster, Mr. D. M. Richards, B.A. Maximum Enrolment 214. Average Attendance 202.7 (94.7%) (1937-95.9%).

19. 57 boys sat for the Class 4 Examination 34 passed. In other Classes 5-8, 140 boys were examined 110 (80%) gained promotion.

20. Physical training and organised games are now part of the curriculum. The school football team won the Government Junior Schools Football League. Volley Ball and Basket Ball games were arranged during the year.

- O 20

180.

21.

Gap Road School. Headmaster, Mr. Lo Yuk Lun. Maximum Enrolment Average Attendance 174.66.

22. 169 boys were examined 140 passed. Of the old pupils of the school 3 succeeded in gaining Scholarships to Queen's College.

23. 90 boys (nearly half the total enrolment) were taken to Queen's College ground for games on alternate Fridays.

24. Taipo School. Headmaster, Mr. Fung So. Maximum Enrolment 107. Average Attendance 90.1 (1937—81.4).

25.

In the Annual Examinations 95 boys sat and 75 passed. 1 Government and 1 Woo Hay Tong Scholarships were awarded as a result of the Class 6 Examination.

26. Cheung Chau School. Headmaster, Mr. Cheung King Pak, B.A. Maximuin Enrolment 61. Average Attendance 54.7 (53.3 in 1937).

27. A satisfactory year's work. 45 boys were examined in English and Chinese 41 boys passed in the former 42 in the latter.

28. In view of the small number of boys attending Class 5 and the large number of applicants for admission to Class 8 it was found necessary to close the former temporarily and to open a new division in the latter class in September 1938.

29. Ellis Kadoorie Indian School. Headmaster, Mr. T. R. Rowell, B.Sc., Dip. Ed. Maximum Enrolment 200. Average Attendance 189 (191-1937).

30. 38.8% of the boys in Class 4 were successful in passing the annual examination and in the remaining classes (5-9) 80% passed. One Government Scholarship to Queen's College and one Ellis Kadoorie Scholarship were awarded.

Two past pupils were successful in passing the Matriculation Examination of the Hong Kong University.

31. Sports continue to flourish and thanks are again due to the Military Authorities and the Indian Recreation Club for allowing the school to use their grounds.

32. Belilios Public School. Headmistress, Mrs. P. Y. Stark. Maximum Enrolment 575. Average Attendance 530.96 (522.77—1937).

33. 4 girls passed the Matriculation Examination of the University of Hong Kong, one obtaining a distinction in Higher Mathematics. Class 2 took the School Leaving Certificate Examination. 28 girls sat of whom 23 passed one girl obtaining Honours. One Government Scholarship tenable for 4 years at the University of Hong Kong was awarded. In other classes a high percentage of passes was obtained.

34. Botany was introduced as a new subject.

35. The usual gymnastic classes were held in school as also were supervised games. The school Net Ball team won the Senior Cup competed for by the other schools in the Colony. Inter-house matches were played in all branches of sport.

36. The school contributed in many ways to War Relief funds.

37. Central British School. Headmaster, Mr. W. L. Handyside, M.A., B.Sc. Maximum Enrolment 300. Average Attendance 260.7 (255.2 in 1957).

- 0 21

38. Two pupils passed the Matriculation Examination of the University of Hong Kong. 18 passed the Hong Kong School Certificate Examination, 7 passed and 2 obtained exemption from Matriculation as a result of the Cambridge School Certificate Examination.

39. For the second year in succession the school won the Governor's Shield for the Inter-school Sports Colony Championship.

The girls Senior Hockey team won the Brawn Cup and the B team were runners up in the same competition. The Net Ball team were runners up in the Schools Net- Ball League.

The School Cricket and Football XI's had a successful year.

40. Kowloon Junior School. Headmistress, Miss N. W. Bascombe, B.A. (London), Cambridge Teachers Diploma.

Miss M. Cooper resigned during the year.

Maximum enrolment 125. Average attendance 104 (94 in 1937).

41. 23 children passed the class 4 examination of whom 19 and one 10 year old boy went to the Central British School.

42. Quarry Bay School. Headmistress, Miss K. M. Anderson, N.F.U. Higher Certificate. Maximum Enrolment 102. Average Attendance 81.9.

43. One Government Scholarship to Central British School awarded.

44.

Peak School. Headmistress, Miss N. W. Newsholme. Maximum Enrol- ment 85. Average Attendance 67.41 (65 in 1937).

(Sd.) J. RALSTON,

(Sd.) W. L. HANDYSIDE, Senior Inspectors of Schools.

Appendix II.

REPORT ON VERNACULAR SCHOOLS, 1938.

GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS.

1. Vernacular Normal and Middle School (formerly "Vernacular Middle School")-Head Teacher, Mr. Li King Hong, B.A. The maximum enrolment was 252, and the average attendance was 237.

2. Four boys entered for the Hong Kong University Matriculation Examination and three passed. Two of these boys also sat for the Combined Chinese University Matriculation Examination conducted by the Chinese Ministry of Education, and topped a long list of successful candidates. Seven out of nine boys entered, passed the Hong Kong School Certificate Examination.

3. In the Normal Division, five out of fourteen passed the final examination.

O 22

4. Dr. Shum Kwong Yuet and Mr. Chan Huen Pak, 2 veteran Chinese scholars on the staff, retired during the year, and these vacancies have been filled by Messrs. Sze Chuen and Fung Chim Kwai.

5. Volley Ball and Football continue to be the most popular games.

6. Vernacular Normal School for Women-Headmistress, Miss Chan Yat Hing. The maximum enrolment was 182, and the average attendance was 164.

7. The four-year Normal Course is being changed into one of three years: the new 4th year class of last September Term took their Final Examination in December, while the new 3rd year class will complete their Course in July next. To effect this change, two Final Examinations were held, one in July and one in December. In the July Examination, five out of seventeen passed, while in the December Examination, the whole class of 23 passed.

8. Mr. Li Shuk Lan retired during the year, the school having thus to suffer the loss of the services of two brothers during the last 2 years. The vacancy has been filled by Miss Elaine Lew.

9.

Basket-ball continued to be the favourite game, and inter-class competitions were held. Physical Training is compulsory.

10. Taipo Vernacular Normal School-Head Teacher, Mr. Chan Pun Chiu. The maximum enrolment was 41, and the average attendance was 35.

11. Three out of nine students passed the Final Examination.

12. absence.

Malaria is on the decline, though it is still a constant cause for leave of

13. Limited accommodation has hindered the growth of the school, for if it had been possible to admit a larger number of new entrants to the 1st Year class, the wastage would not have reduced the higher classes to such small numbers.

14. Un Long School-Head Teacher Mr. Lam Pak To. The maximum enrol- ment was 128, and the average attendance was 100.

15. The process of changing from an Anglo-Chinese school into a Vernacular Higher Primary school was completed in September last.

16. Volley Ball, Basket Ball, Ping Pong and miniature Association Football are very keenly taken up. It is hoped to include Physical Training in the curriculum in the very near future.

GRANT SCHOOLS.

17. The number of Vernacular Grant schools remains three, all being Girls' schools. In the University Examination, both the Ying Wah and St. Paul's did fairly well. For the Hong Kong School Certificate Examination, the Ying Wah was the only one of the three that entered its students, and all the eight candidates entered succeeded in passing. Very satisfactory work is being done in these schools. The maximum enrolment in the three schools was 1,202, (including 104 boys under 12), and the average attendance was 1,101.

PRIVATE SCHOOLS, URBAN DISTRICTS.

18. The total number of schools which received subsidies for either a part of or the whole year was 164. A few of these having either been removed from the subsidy list or closed during the year, the number at the end of the year was 161,

O 23

(167 at the end of 1937). The maximum enrolment in these schools was 15,940 (15,007 in 1937), and the average attendance was 15,165 (14,120 in 1937). The number of Non-Subsidized Day Schools was 638 against 591 in 1937, and the number of Night Schools was 55. The total number of Private Vernacular Schools existing at the end of the year was 857 (816 in 1937), consisting of 3 Grant, 161 Subsidized, 638 Non-Subsidized and 55 Night Schools. The total enrolment was 72,735 (44,941 boys and 27,794 girls) against 59,249 in 1937, and the average attendance was 68,870.

19. The total amount of subsidies paid was $88,320 which works out at $538.54 per school, or $5.54 per pupil.

20. Physical Training—A competition was held in December for the third year in succession, and twenty-six schools took part. The competition revealed a great improvement in every way, and it was gratifying to see that the schools had made a fine effort to carry out the recommendations of the Supervisor of Physical Education A greatly increased number of Vernacular schools both boys' and girls' have during the past few years taken up Physical Training, and a noticeable improvement in discipline in general appears to be one of the results.

21. Scholarships. Scholarships tenable at various Government schools, award- ed to pupils from Vernacular Schools were: 30 to the various Anglo-Chinese schools, 4 to the Vernacular Normal and Middle School, and 12 to the Belilios Public School.

PRIVATE SCHOOLS-RURAL DISTRICTS.

22. Subsidized Schools-The number of schools receiving a subsidy for the whole or part of the year was 119; one school closed in September, leaving 118 schools on the list at the end of the year. The maximum enrolment in these schools was 5,837 including 848 girls, (4,731 in 1937) and the average attendance was 4,407. Subsidies paid amounted to $20,515, working out to be $172.39 per school, or $3.51 per pupil.

23. Non-Subsidized Schools-There were 85 Non-Subsidized schools, consisting of six Boarding Middle schools carried on pro tem in the New Territories owing to the Sino-Japanese troubles, one school under the auspices of the New Territories Agriculture Association, for the teaching of the rudiments of Agriculture, 11 primary schools for girls and 67 primary schools for boys. The maximum enrolment in these schools was 3,458 including 542 girls, and the average attendance was 3,109. It is noteworthy that although 6 Middle schools have been opened in various districts of the New Territories for several months, there has been only one local boy seeking for admission to one of these schools there appears to be little demand for vernacular secondary schools in the New Territories.

24. School Gardening-The Sir William Peel Challenge Cup offered as an award for the best school garden's products had again to be withheld for lack of sufficient competitors. It is to be regretted that less than half a dozen of the 200 odd rural schools can boast of a school garden.

year.

25. Every school, Urban or Rural, has been visited at least once during the

(Sd.) Y. P. Law,

وو

33

W. Yu,

I. S. WAN,

S. W. LIANG,

Inspectors of Vernacular Schools.

6.2.39.

- O 24

Appendix III.

REPORT BY THE PRINCIPAL, TRADE AND TECHNICAL SCHOOLS.

Junior Technical School.

1. The School year was altered to commence in September, instead of in February.

2. 12 students left in 1938 on completing their course.

All these entered on apprenticeships in various engineering works.

works. All are attending classes in the Evening Institute. Two were transferred to the Trade School.

3. The workshop courses are becoming increasingly popular, and some extension of workshop accommodation will soon be essential. Students can now prepare a drawing, make a pattern of the article drawn, cast it in lead, and trim up the casting to produce a finished article. An endeavour to substitute aluminium for lead is now being made.

4. The concessions made to Junior Technical School students by the Dock Companies make a higher standard of English essential. During 1938 the teaching of English was reorganised, following generally the Oxford English Course, with promising results.

5. During 1938, owing to the admission of new boys being postponed fron February to September, the School was two classes short. The average enrolment, therefore, shows an artificial decrease.

Maximum enrolment

Average enrolment

Average attendance

Trade School.

131.

97.33

95.14

1. The School was officially opened by His Excellency Sir Geoffry Northcote, C.M.G., Governor of Hong Kong on 12th April, 1938.

2. Equipment purchased during 1937 and 1938 was installed during the year. The Building and Wireless Departments are now almost completely equipped, while the equipping of the Engineering Department is far advanced.

3. Mr. S. J. G. Burt assumed duty as Chief Instructor in Wireless Telegraphy, while Mr. A. J. Peaker was appointed Assistant Instructor in Building. These appointments leave the European Staff of the Trade School only one short of establishment.

4. 26 new students were admitted to the Department of Building and 26 new students to the Motor Car Engineering Course.

5. Courses in Wireless Telegraphy opened as follows:-

May, 1938 October, 1938

24 students.

30 students.

6. The difficulty of obtaining competent Chinese workshop instructors limits the number of students who can be accepted to the number who can be directly taught by the European Staff. Increase in numbers admitted annually must be postponed until suitable instructors can be trained.

O 25-

7. Attendance Figures for the various Departments were as follows: Department of Wireless Telegraphy:

Maximum enrolment at any time.

=40

Removed as unlikely to become efficient after 2 months' trial. = 15

Average enrolment.

=24

Average attendance.

Department of Building:

Maximum enrolment.

Average enrolment.

Average attendance. Department of Engineering:

= 20.856

= 56

=35.250

= 34.426

Maximum enrolment. Average enrolment.

Average attendance.

Appendix IV.

= 48

= 26.200

= 24.472

Sd. G. WHITE,

Principal,

Trade & Technical Schools. 13.1.39.

REPORT BY THE DIRECTOR OF THE EVENING INSTITUTE, 1938.

Classes opened for seven months and met in Queen's College, King's College, Belilios Public School, Trade School, Junior Technical School, Quarry Bay and Hung Hom for instruction in the following subjects:-English, Field Surveying, Building, Engineering, Ship-building, Hygiene, Pedagogy (English and Vernacular), Book Keeping, Shorthand and Physical Instruction. An Electrical Engineering Class was formed in March. In October a Third Year of the Book Keeping Class was formed, but owing to lack of support the Field Surveying Class did not resume after the

summer vacation.

As from October the English Teachers' Classes have been taught in school hours instead of the evenings as before.

Technical Classes under the Supervisor, Mr. G. White, B.Sc., A.M.I. Mech. E., continue their activities. Students in Building classes who are recommended by the Supervisor usually secure employment at once, and later have no difficulty in obtaining promotion to the grade of "Apprentice Foreman".

The Number of students enrolled was 1,243 (871 in 1937).

2. The amount of fees received was $9,830.50 ($9,378 in 1937). The expenditure was $37,967.59 ($25,296.38 in 1937). The average cost per student was $30.55 ($18.28 in 1937).

3. Mr. Lo Yuk Lun, Supervisor of Vernacular Teachers' classes, resigned in October and was succeeded by Mr. Y. P. Law, B.A.

(Sd.) J. RALSTON, Director, Evening Institute. 27.1.39.

Table I.

ABSTRACT STATEMENT OF INSTITUTIONS AND PUPILS, INSTITUTIONS MAINTAINED OR AIDED FROM COLONIAL REVENUE.

OTHER INSTITUTIONS.

0·26.

School Education-General

PARTICULARS.

Post

Secondary Education.

Secondary Primary Schools.

Schools.

Total of

Columns 3 & 4

School

Education-

Inspected.

Vocational.

Not

Inspected.

GRAND

TOTAL.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

INSTITUTIONS.

Males-European

1

1

Non-European

12

218

230

4

630

1

865

Mixed-European

1

3

4

5

5

14

Mixed

1

3

4

Females-Non-European

15

65

80

1

284

365

Total

28

286

314

6

923

6

1,249

PUPILS.

Males-European

40

40

Non-European

7,200

15,492

22,692

866

43,920

184

67,662

Mixed-European

163 M

157 M

320 M

75 M

209 M

604 M

146 F

162 F

308 F

84 F

177 F

569 F

907 M

172 M

1,079 M

Mixed

336 F

55 F

391 F

349 M

59 M

408 M

408 M

Females-Non-European

182

6,794 F

20,884

5,521 F

12,315 F

33,381 F

Total

14,652

21,391

36,043

2,291

65,230

570

104,134

Table II.

PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION ENROLLED IN INSTITUTIONS MAINTAINED OR AIDED FROM COLONIAL REVENUE.

Male

Female

1

Total

2

* Population (according to latest available estimate).

Total number of pupils enrolled in Maintained or Aided Institutions.

578,185

25,193

4

Percentage of Column 3 to Column 2.

4.36

428,797

13,141

3.06.

1,006,982

38,334

3.81

* 1937 estimate.

27

Table III.

SCHOLARS IN ENGLISH SCHOOLS BY CLASSES AND AGES ON 31st DECEMBER, 1938. IN INSTITUTIONS MAINTAINED OR AIDED FROM COLONIAL REVENUES AND IN UNAIDED BUT INSPECTED INSTITUTIONS.

PRIMARY SCHOOLS AND PRIMARY DEPARTMENTS OF SECONDARY SCHOOLS.

O 28

AGES.

10

9

8

CLASS

7

TOTAL

6

5

4

Males. Females Males.

Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males.

Females.

Males. Females. Males. [Females

Below 6

26

229

10

26

6

7

41

205

25

50

11

N

77

2E

239

257

7

00

8

21

138

38

140

32

37

3

1

95

315

00

I

9

20

79

!

10

27

22

22

22

98

88

17

66

108

87

988

66

23

38

88

12

1

166

281

74

95

17

14

9

1

253

284

10

I

11

14

12

54

200

51

126

66

56

37

11

-

12

11

14

2

52

417

68

12

13

10

23

37

569

79

82

177

61

93

72

52

20

59

379

73

177

70

289

6

CO

436

217

35

76

சுசு

25

6

796

297

65

51

34

1,279

358

13

14

CO

21

499

72

518

95

332

89

124

69

107

46

1,586

392

14

15

18

2

401

59

404

84

517

103

308

114

185

73

1,833

435

15

16

10

1

385

32

299

57

441

100

360

105

306

98

1,801

393

Above 16

34

14

651

65

482

61

429

102

637

140

757

139

2,990 521

Totals

165

679

219

545

3,361

618

2,485

630

2,075

587

1,594

534

1,439

396

11,338 3,989

Table III,-(Contd.)

SCHOLARS IN ENGLISH SCHOOLS BY CLASSES AND AGES ON 31st DECEMBER, 1938. IN INSTITUTIONS MAINTAINED OR AIDED FROM COLONIAL REVENUES AND IN UNAIDED BUT INSPECTED INSTITUTIONS.

O 29

SECONDARY SCHOOLS

CLASS.

AGES.

3

2

TOTALS.

1

Males.

Females.

Males.

Females.

Males.

Females.

Males.

Females.

Below

12

11

11

12

13

29

7

1

30

7

13

14

65

18

7

3

3

CO

75

21

14

15

87

50

31

11

9

ون

127

64

15

16

134

86

16

17

200

81

121

82

82

34

32

13

248

133

46

44

27

365

154

17

18

276

68

167

62

18

—

19

168

32

175

45

98

2 88

72

31

515

161

14

441

91

19

20

53

9

94

24

80

12

227

45

Above

20

24

2

35

26

1

85

3

Totals

1,047

353

713

225

364

101

2,124

679

NOTE:

These figures do not include students enrolled in the Evening Institute.

Table III A.

SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE SHOWING ENROLMENT AND AGES OF PUPILS IN VERNACULAR SCHOOLS ON DECEMBER 31st, 1938.

PRIMARY.

LOWER MIDDLE.

HIGHER MIDDLE.

ENROLMENT IN.

Kinder-

TOTALS.

garten.

ii

111

1V

V

Vi

iii

ii

111

ii

i

Subsidized Schools

203

4,804

3,281

2,732

1,945

968

773

121

184

224

15,235

Central and West non-

subsidized schools

.52

2,776

2,485

2,312

1,837

1,496

1,099

476

594

957

343

349

576

15,352

Eastern District non-

subsidized schools

343

2,737

2,110

2,068 1,673

1,062

710

206

342

527

69

94

161

12,132

Mainland non-subsidized

schools

576

5,347

4,486

4,069

3,356

2,287

1,660

589

755

1,195

125

120

309

24,874

Vernacular Night Schools

833

696

366

156

13

21

2,075

Exempted Schools

104

94

145

140

159

84

12

Grant-in-Aid Schools

32

113

92

111

110

113

109

87

26

21

41

800

118

114

30

46

60

1,135

Totals

1,206 16,714 13,264 11,803 9,217

6,098

4,456

1,491 2,014 3,058

567

609

1,106

71,603

30

Primary Lower

AGES IN.

Below

above Middle

Above Totals

6

6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15

15

below 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 - 19 19 – 20 20

Subsidized Schools

574

·

| 912 1,227 1,619 1,832 2,108 1,988 1,756 1,333. 837

520

248 127

95

44

13

2

15,235

Central and West non- subsidized schools

329

841 1,225 1,468 1,603 1,686 1,622 1,250 910

687

436

707

554

629

532

410

259

204

15,352

Eastern District non-

subsidized schools

759

990 1,147 1,397 1,444 1,512 1,314

Mainland non-subsidized

schools

967

Vernacular Night Schools

1

26

947 1,611 2,164 2,514 2,804 2,932 2,801 2,428 1,727 1,076 90 161 176 193 257 240 223 264

662 358

203

576

289

191

175

97

47

24

12,132

757

1,214

673

554 345 188

444

21

79

40

24,874

Exempted Schools

15

29

37

66

Grant-in-Aid Schools

59

53

61

70

71

71

82 87 94 120 90 85

75

118

21

24

12

53

45

22

129

99

80

288

11

89

T=8

2,075

1.

800

41

16

1,135.

Totals

2,692 4,448 5,943 7,266 7,996 8,584 8,159 6,800 5,028 3,342

2,500

2,895 1,766 1,561 1,196 754 404

269

71,603

Table IV.

ABSTRACT STATEMENT OF GROSS EXPENDITURE FROM COLONIAL REVENUES AND LOCAL PUBLIC FUNDS ON

EDUCATION FOR THE OFFICIAL YEAR 1938.

TOTAL DIRECT EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION.

TOTAL INDIRECT EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION.

Post Secondary

:

Education.

School Education General.

School Education Vocational.

Buildings

TOTAL

EXPENDITURE

Total

Arts & Profes-Secondary Primary Science sional Schools. Schools.

Courses Course.

Training All Other

Adminis-

tration and

Inspection.

Furniture

ON

Scholar-

and

ships.

Equip-

Miscel-

laneous.

Total

EDUCATION.

Schools & Vocational Courses. Courses.

ment.

2

3

4

6

7

9

10

11

12

13

14

Colonial Revenue

Local Public Funds

Total

$

$

€A

$

$

854,394.46 484,075,85|

$

€9

Ꭿ

$

€9

$

186,616.52 1,525,086.83 | 202,289.48 24,661.70 18,650.00

$

€

245,601.18 1,770.688.01

854,394.46 484,075.85

186,616.52 1,525,086.83 | 202,289:48 24,661.70 18,650.00

3,650.00

245,601.18 1,770.688.01

O 31 -

CLASS OF INSTITUTIONS.

Table V.

INSTITUTIONS AND PUPILS.

GRANT-IN-AID AND SUBSIDIZED

SCHOOLS.

UNAIDED SCHOOLS.

GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS.

INSPECTED.

NON-INSPECTED.

No. of

No. of

Average

Attend-

Average

No. of

Schools.

Pupils.

Schools.

No. of

Pupils.

Attend-

No. of

Schools.

No. of

Average

Attend-

Pupils.

No. of

Schools.

No. of

Average

Attend-

Pupils.

ance.

ance.

ance.

ance.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

ENGLISH.

Secondary

4

2,405

2,167

14

8,088

7,482

6

826

788

1

184

180

Primary

10

1,896

1,712

295

251

133

4,981

4,174

386

349

Vocational

3

1,506

165*

6

372

353

Total

17

5,807

4,044

16

8,383

7,733

145

6,179

5,315

6

570

529

VERNACULAR.

Secondary

1

252

237

9

3,907

3,708

101

20,208

18,976

Primary

1

128

100

273

19,072

16,965

675

38,526

36,425

Vocational

2

223

199*

1

562

552

2

317

312

Total

603

536

283

23,541

21,225

778

59,051

55,713

Total number of Institutions

1,249.

Total enrolment

104,134.

* The Evening Institute is not included.

0 32

Table VI.

RESULTS OF PUBLIC EXAMINATIONS DURING 1938.

No. of CANDIDATES.

EXAMINATIONS.

Males.

No. PASSED.

Females.

Males.

Females.

Males.

% PASSES.

Females.

Matriculation, University of London

2

0%

Matriculation, University of Hong Kong

286

90

143

49

50%

54.4%

Cambridge University School Certificate

4

6

1

6

25%

100 %

London Chamber of Commerce

Trinity College of Music, Theoretical

Trinity College of Music, Practical

25 who offered 122 subjects.

48 certificates were awarded.

31

30

96.77%

132

128

96.96%

33

1.

WITH UNIVERSITY DEGREE.

Trained

Untrained

Table VII.

NUMBER AND QUALIFICATIONS OF TEACHERS.

PRIMARY SCHOOLS.

Male

SECONDARY SCHOOLS.

Female

Male

Female

85

20

289

157

27

4.

24

7

2.

COMPLETED SECONDARY SCHOOL COURSE.

Trained

Untrained

277

268

183

220

150

51

25

18

3.

NOT COMPLETED SECONDARY SCHOOL COURSE.

Trained

Untrained

18

15

17

18

813

736

320

286

Total:.

1,370

1,094

858

706

NOTE. These figures do not include Teachers in the Garrison Schools and St. Stephen's College (excluded schools).

O 34

ཡ

Table VIII.

GROSS EXPENDITURE ON INSTITUTIONS MAINTAINED BY GOVERNMENT AND NET COST PER PUPIL.

POST

SECONDARY

EDUCATION

SCHOOL EDUCATION GENERAL

Secondary Schools Primary Schools

and Departments and Departments of Schools. of Schools.

2

SCHOOL EDUCATION-VOCATIONAL Teacher Training

Institutions and

Courses.

4

Other Vocational Schools and

Courses.

1

(a) Personal Emoluments (staff)

3

5

$837,670.86

$472,768.80

$66,827.11

$77,711.39

(b) Other Charges

16,723.60

11,307.05

3,422.76

38,655.26

Total of (a) and (b)

854,394.46

484,075.85

70,249.87

116,366.65

Gross Annual Cost per enrolled

pupil to Colonial Revenues

321.56

239.16

46.64

521.82

Total Receipts

(a) From Fees

167,443.50

88,878.50

14,240.50

10,301.00

(b) From other sources (including Local Public Funds)

Net Annual Cost per enrolled pupil

258.54

195.25

37.19

475.64

35

Table IX.

CONTROLLED SCHOOLS IN RECEIPT OF A GRANT UNDER THE GRANT CODE. ENGLISH SCHOOLS-BOYS.

No.

Name of School.

Mission.

No. of Classes.

CAPITATION GRANT

Maximum

1

2

3

No. of

Monthly

Average

School

Attend-

Higher

Remove

Attend-

Days.

Classes

Classes

ance.

ance.

Average

Average Attendance. Attendance. Attendance.

Lower

Classes

Average

Rate

Total

Capitation Grants of

Columns

Remarks

1, 2 & 3.

$

1

Diocesan Boys School

C. of E. 8

1/372

506

408

81

229

98

40

16,320

2 St. Joseph's College

R. C. M.

1/388

770

668

82

38

406

180

40

26,720

3 La Salle College

8

22

1/872

918

840

114

519

207

40

33,600

4 St. Paul's College

C. M. S.

8

1/374

446

376

39

184

153

40

15,040

5

Wah Yan College

J. F.

1/400

951

880

144

511

225

40

35,200

6

Wah Yan Branch School

6

/408

. 518

484

302

182

40

19.360

7 Ying Wa College

L. M. S.

8

/386

320

280

17

134

129

40

11,200

4,429

3,936

4.77

2,285

1,174

157,440

0 36

Table X.

CONTROLLED SCHOOLS IN RECEIPT OF A GRANT UNDER THE GRANT CODE. ENGLISH SCHOOLS-GIRLS.

No.

Name of School.

Mission.

No. of Classes.

Total

Capitation Grants of

Columns

CAPITATION GRANT

Maximuin

1

2

3

No. of

School

Monthly

Average

Rate

Attend-

Higher

Remove

Lower

Remarks

Attend-

Classes

Classes

Classes

1, 2 & 3.

Days.

ance.

ance.

Average

$

$

Average Average Attendance. Attendance. Attendance.

1

Diocesan Girls' School

C. of E. 8 & 1/373 Inf.

332,

306

66

178

62

35

10,710

2

French Convent School

R. C. M. 8 & 1/381

496

440

106

216

118

35

15,400

Inf.

3

Sacred Heart School

8 &

""

1/387

653

595

79

411

105

35

20,825

Inf.

4 St. Francis' School

4 &

1/391

216

176

131

45

35

6,160

Inf.

5

St. Mary's School

8 &

1/418

849

687

61

428

198

35

24,045

Inf.

St. Stephen's Girls' College

C. M. S. 9 & 1/370 Inf.

354

284

53

172

59

35

9,940.

7

Diocesan Girls' Junior School

C. of E. Inf.

1/380

79

60

60

35

2,100

8 Maryknoll Convent School

R. C. M. 8 &

1/390

499

428

33333

243

152

35

14,980

Inf.

3,478

2,976

398

1,779

799

104,160

0 37

Table XI.

VERNACULAR SCHOOLS.

UPPER GRADE.

SCHOOL STATISTICS.

PRINCIPAL GRANT.

$

$

No.

Name.

Mission.

Number

Number

of

Standards.

of

School Days.

Maximum

Monthly Enrolment.

Average

Attendance.

Rate.

Total.

+

Heep Yunn Girls' School.

C. M. S.

12

185

419

.376

14

5,264

2

Ying Wa Girls' School

L. M. S.

12

387

464

436

14

6,104

3

St. Paul's Girls' School

C. M. S.

12

238

319

289

14

4,046

1,202

1,101

15,414

0 38

!

O 39

Table XII.

STATEMENT SHOWING ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF OF THE

EDUCATION DEPARTMENT.

1. Director of Education :-

G. R. Sayer, B.A. (1.1.38 to 15.9.38).

C. G. Sollis, M.A. (16.9.38 to 31.12.38).

Acting.

2. Senior Inspector of Schools: C. G. Sollis, M.A. (1.1.38 to 15.9.38).

3. Inspector of Schools:-

J. Ralston, M.A. (16.9.38 to 31.12.38).

E. J. Edwards (1.1.38 to 14.5.38). Acting.

W. L. Handyside, M.A., B.Sc. (26.9.38 to

31.12.38).

4. Inspectors of Vernacular

Schools-Y. P. Law, B.A.

W. Yu, B.A.

I. S. Wan, B.Sc. (Inspector of Private English Schools in addition).

S. W. Liang, B.A.

Education:-B. J. Morahan.

5. Supervisor of Physical

6. Principal, Trade and

Technical Schools :-G. White, B.Sc., A.M.I.M.E.

7. Health Officer for Schools:-

Dr. G. M. Hargreaves, M.B., Ch.B. (Edin.), M.R.C.P. (Edin.), D.P.H., R.C.P.S. (Lond.), D.O.M.S. (Eng.).

8. Health Officers (Chinese) :-

Dr. Au King, M.B., B.S.

Dr. Wong Hok Nin, M.B., B.S.

Table XIII,

DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATING THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE VARIOUS INSTITUTIONS.

UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG] 7

Government

Educational

Scholarships.

TEACHER TRAINING COLLEGE!

ENGLISH & VERNACULAR (OPENING SEPT. 1939.)

-IN-AID

HOOLS

GLISH

GOVERNMENT SECONDARY SCHOOLS QUEEN'S COLLEGE &

BELILIOS PUBLIC

& GIRLS

KING'S COLLEGE BOYS

SCHOOL

GIRLS

HOOL

HNICAL

L

}

ent

LDS

RY BRITISH

IOOLS

& GIRLS

35 Government

Free Scholarships

VERNACULAR NORMAL & MIDDLE SCHOOL

VERNACULAR

SCHOOL

FOR

WOMEN

ST. STEPHEN'S

COLLEGE

BOYS

(PRIVATE)

Government

TAIPO NORMAL

FOR

MEN

GOVERNMENT DISTRICT SCHOOLS (PRIMARY ENGLISH)

BOYS

Free Scholarships

12 Government Free Scholarships

30 Government

Free Scholarships

PRIMARY VERNACULAR SCHOOLS BOYS & GIRLS

RURAL SCHOOLS

O 40 =

CENTRAL BRITISH

SCHOOL

BOYS

& GIRLS (SECONDARY)

Table XIII,

DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATING THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE VARIOUS INSTITUTIONS.

GRANT-IN-AID

SCHOOLS

ENGLISH

BOYS & GIRLS

UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG

^

Government

Educational Scholarships.

GOVERNMENT SECONDARY SCHOOLS

QUEEN'S COLLEGE &

KING'S COLLEGE BOYS

TEACHER TRAINING COLLEGE ENGLISH & VERNACULAR (OPENING SEPT. 1939.

BELILIOS PUBLIC

SCHOOL

GIRLS

TRADE SCHOOL

BOYS

JUNIOR TECHNICAL

SCHOOL

BOYS

35 Government Free Scholarships

VERNACULAR NORMAL & MIDDLE SCHOOL

VERNACULAR

SCHOOL

FOR

WOMEN

ST.

CI

(J

GOVERNMENT DISTRICT SCHOOLS (PRIMARY ENGLISH)

BOYS

Government

Free Scholarships

12 Government Free Scholarships

8 Government

Free Scholarships

GARRISON

SCHOOLS

BOYS &

GIRLS

3 Government Free Scholarships

PRIMARY BRITISH SCHOOLS BOYS & GIRLS

30 Government

Free Scholarships

PRIMARY VERNACULAR SCHOOLS BOYS & GIRLS

༥ - ༞ - ‛“-

RURAL SCHOOLS

TAIPO NORMAL

FOR

MEN

Table XIV.

GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS.

0 41

Staff

Maximum

School.

Nature.

Monthly

Enrol-

English. Chinese.

Average

Attend-

ance.

Fees

Rate.

Fees Fees Remitted. Collected.

% holding

Scholar-

ships.

ment.

$

$

Áoч %

exempted

from fees.

1. Central British School

2. Peak School

Secondary

19

309

263

$90 per annum

2,160.00 23,505.00

8.23

8.23

% partially, half or more exempted from fees.

.63

& Primary

Primary

5

85

68

$105

8,312.50

""

""

3. Kowloon Junior School

134

111

$60

7,370.00

.73

""

""

"}

4. Quarry Bay School

5

100

83

$60

5,860.00

5. Queen's College

6. King's College

Secondary

27

619

566

$120-

& Primary

$ 60

6,430.00 41,941.50

14.7

9.9

>>

Secondary

33

7

823

767

$120-

& Primary

$ 60

""

6,620.00| 57,071.00

13.2

11.2

2.00

7. Ellis Kadoorie School

Primary

18

4

497

454

$60

1,833.00 26,932.00

9.15

8.11

""

8. Wantsai School

8

2

208

202

$60

835.00 11,716.00

9. Yaumati School

10

3

290

262

$60

99

"}

3,795.00 | 12,182.00

26.4

.38

10. Belilios Public School

Secondary

21

11

654

571

$4

per mensem

3,072.00 26,957.00

12.00

9.00

4.00

& Primary

11. Junior Technical School 12. Trade School

Vocational]

9

131

101

$3

108.00 3,972.00

17

10

132

64

$4

6,329.00

""

13. Gap Road School

Primary

7

N

180

175

$60 per annum

1,048.00

9,798.00

11.29

14. Ellis Kadoorie Indian School

197

187

''

15. Tai Po School

5

1

127

107

$2

$2

per mensem

120.00

4,706.00

15.5

2.5

111

194.00

1,103.00

16.0

11

??

16. Cheung Chau 'School

17. Vernacular Normal and Middle School

18. Vernacular Normal School for Women

19. Vernacular Normal School,

Tai Po

20. Un Long School

Secondary

& Primary

Secondary

& Primary

1

78

63

$0.50

55.00

330.50

16.4

""

""

"}

$96-

+

9

252

237

$24 per annum

1,519.00 17,969.00

15.07

8.33

6.74

12

182

164

$24

168.00 4,410.00

4.00

""

} }

Primary

3

207

63

22

3333

41

35

Free.

128

100

$0.50 per mensem

43.50

568.50

2.9

5,167

4,580

28,000.50 (271,033.00

NOTE.-Schools No. 1, 2, 3, 4 are mixed schools for children of British European parentage.

¡

0 42

Table XV.

STATEMENT OF FEES, RATES, EXEMPTIONS AND SCHOLARSHIPS.

(1) Fees Rates.

(a) Government Schools.

(i) Schools for British European children (i) Secondary English Schools for Chinese (iii) Primary

(iv) Junior Technical & Trade Schools (v) Cheung Chau & Tai Po Schools

$105-$60 per annum.

$120-$48

>>

J

$5 -$2

mensein

33

$5 -$3

>"

$1 -$0.50

""

JJ

(vi) Vernacular Schools

(b) Grant-in-Aid Schools.

(i) Diocesan Boys School (Boarders)

(ii) Boys Day Schools

(ii) Girls Day Schools

$8 -$0.50

$560-$464 per annum.

$168-$44

دو

$156-$36

""

دو

$105-$27

>>

"}

(iv) Vernacular Schools

(c) A Medical Fee ($3.00-50 cents) is payable in all Government Schools.

(2) Exemption from Fees.

(a) Government Schools.

(i) A few students who are sons or daughters of deceased Civil Servants

are exempted from payment of fees.

(ii) Government Free Scholars are exempted.

(b) Grant-in-Aid and Subsidized Schools.

There are no hard and fast rules regarding the exemption from fees. In cases of poverty, partial or total exemption is given at the discretion of the Principals. The percentage of total exemption in 1938 ranged from 25.96% to .88% and of partial (half or more) exemption from 25% to 3%.

:

{

(3) Scholarships.

0.43

The following Scholarships are available:-

NAME OF SCHOLARSHIP.

CONDITIONS.

Scholarships available at the University of Hong Kong.

1. King Edward VII

Scholarships.

2. Donor Scholar-

ships.

3. Sir Paul Chater Memorial Scholarship.

4. Ignes Soares

Scholarship.

5. Belilios Medical

Scholarships.

One or more scholarships may be awarded each year, to British subjects only who are under twenty one years of age on 1st July in the year in which the Examination is held. The Scholarships are awarded on the results of the Matriculation Examination of the Uni- versity of Hong Kong. The scholar- ships are open to all pupils taking the examination.

Nominated by subscribers of $50,000 to the Endowment Fund of the University of Hong Kong. Nominees must be persons who have qualified for ad- mission to the University.

Awarded to any pupil of a school in Hong Kong either of whose parents have resided in Hong Kong for a period of ten years at the time of the award of the scholarship. Awarded on the results of the Examination prescribed for admission to the University.

Tenable by Portuguese students from Hong Kong and Macao, and awarded on the results of the Matriculation Examination of the Hong Kong Uni- versity. Candidates must be under eighteen years of age on the date at which the Examination is held. Tenable for five or six years at the discretion of the Trustees.

One awarded annually on the results of the examination prescribed for ad- mission to the University of Hong Kong, and tenable in the Faculty of Medicine of the University.

VALUE.

£40 per annum for four years if held in the Arts

ΟΙ

Engineering

faculties and for six years if held in the faculty of Medicine. For the purpose of payment of Uni- versity Fees the scholarships shall until further notice be regard- ed as of the value of $400 per annum.

Exemption from

all University Tuition Fees.

$800 per annum for four years.

$40 for the first year, $70 for the second year.

O 44

NAME OF SCHOLARSHIP.

6. Government

Education Scholarships.

7. Hong Kong

General

Chamber of Commerce Scholarships.

CONDITIONS.

A varying number of open scholarships awarded by the Government of Hong Kong on the results of the Matri- culation Examination. Tenable at the Hong Kong University by students who undertake after graduation to serve as teachers in local schools for a prescrib- ed period.

Awarded on the results of the Matricula- tion Examination of the University of Hong Kong to poor students who would be otherwise unable to enter the University. Tenable in the Faculty of Arts.

VALUE.

The value of the scholarship covers all Univer- sity expenses:- (Tuiton fees, Hostel fees, Vacation fees, Pocket Money, Books and Exa- mination fees).

$300 per annum for four years.

8. Chinese General

Chamber of Commerce Scholarships.

1. The Senior Morrison Scholarship.

2. The Intermediate Morrison Scholarship.

3. The Wright

Scholarship.

4. The Senior

Belilios

Scholarship.

As for 7.

Tenable in the Faculty of Engineering.

Scholarships available at Queen's College.

Awarded to the Queen's College pupil who passes the Matriculation Examina- tion of the University of Hong Kong and obtains the highest aggregate of marks.

As for (1) but awarded to the Queen's College pupil who obtains the second highest aggregate of marks.

Awarded to the Queen's College pupil who passes the Hong Kong University Matriculation Examination and obtains the highest aggregate of marks in the following subjects:-(1) History (2) English Composition (3) Translation

from and into Chinese.

$300 per annum for four years.

Not exceeding

$200 per annum for three years.

Not exceeding

$150 per annum for three years.

Not exceeding

$50 per annum for two years.

$100 for one

year.

Awarded to the Queen's College pupil Not exceeding

who passes the Hong Kong University Matriculation Examination and obtains the highest aggregate of marks in (1) English and (2) History.

NAME OF SCHOLARSHIF

0 45

CONDITIONS.

VALUE.

5. The Class 2

Morrison Scholarship.

6. The Ho Tung Scholarship.

7. The

Ho Kom Tong Scholarship.

Awarded to the student who passes the Class 2 annual examination (School Certificate) and obtains the highest aggregate of marks.

Awarded to the student who passes the annual Class 2 examination (School Certificate) and obtains the second highest aggregate of marks.

Not exceeding

$120 for one year.

Not exceeding

•

$40 per annum

for two years.

As for (6) but awarded for the third Not exceeding

highest aggregate of marks.

$50 for one year.

8. The Lee Hy-san

Scholarship.

9. The Class 3

Morrison Scholarship.

10. The Ho Fook

Scholarship.

11. The Junior

Belilios Scholarships.

12. The Tsoi Kung

Po Scholarship.

13. The Lugard

Scholarship

Awarded in Class 2 to the student who $40 for one year.

passes the annual (School Certificate) examination and obtains the highest aggregate of marks in (1) Arithmetic (2) Composition and (3) Literature.

Awarded to the student who passes the Class 3 annual examination and obtains the highest aggregate of marks.

Awarded to the students who obtains the second highest aggregate of marks in the annual Class 3 examination.

Awarded to the students who obtain third and fourth highest aggregates in the annual Class 3 examination.

Not exceeding

$120 per annum for two years.

Not exceeding

$40 per annum for two years.

Not exceeding

$60 for one

year.

Awarded to the boy in Class 3 who $120.

obtains the highest aggregate of marks at the annual examination in English, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, His- tory and Geography.

Awarded to an Ellis Kadoorie School scholar attending Queen's College in Class 3 on the result of the annual examination.

$30 per annum

for two years.

NAME OF SCHOLARSHIP.

O 46

CONDITIONS.

VALUE.

14. The Junior

Morrison Scholarship.

15. The Junior

Stewart Scholarship.

16. The Alfred May

Scholarship.

Awarded to the Queen's College pupil who obtains the highest aggregate of marks at the annual examination in Class 4.

Not exceeding

$120 per annuin for three years.

Awarded to the Queen's College student $150.

who obtains the second highest

agregate of marks at the annual examination in Class 4.

Awarded on the results of the Class 4 Not exceeding

annual examination.

$20 per annuin

for two years.

17. The A. W. Grant

Scholarship.

Awarded in Class 5 to the pupil who $40 for one year.

obtains the highest aggregate of marks

at the annual examination.

18. The Ho Wing Scholarship.

Awarded on the results of the Class 5 $60 payable

annual examination.

in

two annual in-

stalments of $30 each.

As for (18).

19. The Ho Iu

Scholarship.

As for (18).

20. The Ho Kwong

Scholarship.

Awarded on the results of the Class 6 $60 payable in

annual examination.

two annual in- stalments of $30 each.

As for (20).

Awarded on the results of the Class 7 $40 for one year.

annual examination.

21. The Dealy

Scholarship.

As for (20).

22. The Ng In

Scholarship.

23. The Ralphs

Scholarship.

As for (22).

$60 payable in

two

annual in-

stalments of $30

each.

24. The Tsang Chung Awarded on the results of the Class 8 $40 for one year.

Scholarship.

annual examination.

O 47-

NAME OF SCHOLARSHIP.

25. The Kong Ki Fai As for (24).

Scholarship.

26. Lau Shiu Chuen

Scholarships.

27. Sheung Hing

Scholarships.

1. Chan Pek Chuen

Scholarship.

CONDITIONS.

Awarded to Queen's College scholars from Free schools under the control of the Pun Yu Association. Tenable in all classes.

VALUE.

$20 for one year.

Remission of Fees. Provision of all school books and games subscrip-

tions.

Awarded to a Queen's College scholar at $60 per annum.

the discretion of the Principal. Not restricted to any particular class but is awarded to enable the student to continue or complete his school course.

Scholarships available at King's College.

Awarded in Class 3 at the discretion of | $50.

the Principal to a student who does not hold a scholarship already.

2. Belilios

Scholarship, Senior.

Awarded in Class 2.

$100.

3. Belilios

Two. Awarded in Class 3.

$75 each.

Scholarship, Junior.

4. The Ho Tung

Scholarship.

5. The Hu Cheong

Scholarship.

6. The Allan Morris

Memorial Scholarship.

7. The Chan Shek

Chan Scholarship.

Awarded at the discretion of the Principal | $40.

to the boy in Class 2 or Class 3 who in the annual examination does best in all subjects taught in King's College.

Awarded as a result of the Class 3 $60.

annual examination.

Awarded to the King's College student

who obtains the highest aggregate of marks in the Class 4 annual examina- tion.

Not less than $100

per annum for three years.

Awarded in Class 4 at the discretion of $50.

the Principal.

NAME OF SCHOLARSHIP.

0 48

CONDITIONS.

VALUE.

8. The

Ho Kom Tong Scholarship.

Awarded in Class 5 at the discretion of $40.

the Principal.

9. The Ralphs

Scholarship.

As for (8). Awarded in Class 6.

$40.

10. The

Mok Kon Sang Scholarships.

One awarded in Class 7 and one in Class $20 each.

8 at the discretion of the Principal.

11. The

Alfred Morris Scholarship.

Awarded for the best English Essay in $40.

Class 2.

12. The

Kwok Siu Lau Scholarship.

Awarded

Principal.

at the discretion of

the $80 per annum.

13. The

Fox Memorial Prize.

Awarded annually at the discretion of the $10.

Principal.

1. The Peace

Memorial Scholarships.

Scholarships available at the Central British School.

1

Two awarded every three years to British boys of pure white descent who have been resident in China or Hong Kong for a period of not less than three years immediately prior to the Examination, and whose parents (or one of them) have resided in China or Hong Kong for a period of at least three years. The prizeman will be required to select from the following courses of study: Electrical Engineering, Synthetic Chemis- try, Practical Farming or Horticulture. The awards will be made by the Trustees

on

the recommendation of the Examination Syndicate of Cambridge University on the result of the School Certificate Examination. Candidates must be not more than 19 years of age at time of examination.

|

Total

triennial value of not more than £1350 out of which shall be paid (a) a first class pass- age from China or Hong Kong to the country in which studies will be made. (b) A sum of not more than £350 per annum in quar- terly instalments. (c) Any balance on the com- pletion of three years (subject to satisfactory pro- gress) to the prizeman.

>

P (1) A.R.P.

REPORT ON AIR RAID PRECAUTIONS FOR 1938.

1. The Air Raid Precautions Sub-committee-a branch of the Local Defence Committee-held meetings throughout the year. Mr. W. R. Scott was chairman. On the arrival of the Air Raid Precautions Officer, the chairmanship was taken over by Wing Commander A.H.S. Steele-Perkins.

2. Wing Commander Steele-Perkins was appointed Air Raid Precautions Office on 20th January, 1938, and arrived in the Colony on 16th March, 1938.

I. Volunteers.

The basis of the work of the Air Raid Precautions Officer during the year was the preparation of a local A.R.P. scheme and the enrolment of volunteers. The number of those who volunteered for instruction or service was small at the beginning but increased as the active work and propaganda of the department attracted the public's attention. The present position may be regarded as satisfactory provided that the rate of progress in enlistment can be maintained.

1.

II. Propaganda and Advice to the Public.

Several broadcast talks on A.R.P. have been given throughout the year

2. The demand for A.R.P. Handbooks increased during the year. Free copies were distributed to volunteers. The handbooks are also on sale to the public, both in English and Chinese language.

3. Arrangements for an exhibition of A.R.P. paraphernalia at the University unfortunately had to be cancelled owing in the extreme pressure of work in other directions. It was possible, however, to hold an exhibition in the Union Church Hall, Hong Kong, which was attended by His Excellency the Governor and Lady Northcote.

4.

An A.R.P. Exhibition was given by the Women's Air Raid Precautions Union on August 11th and 12th at the Union Church, Kennedy Road, and was also attended by His Excellency the Governor and Lady Northcote.

1.

III. Instruction and Training.

Public lectures on Air Raid Precautions started in December, 1937, at the China Fleet Club and continued until February 1938.

2. Lectures and preliminary training to members of St. John Ambulance Brigade and of the Police Reserve were given by Mr. Chak Tai Kwong, and by S.f. (R.) Dunlop (who had attended the Anti-gas School at Falfield, England.)

3. The Air Raid Precautions Officer, after his arrival, started a series of lectures and instruction which has been ever since gathering momentum. It is estimated that some 12,000 people have attended them to the time of writing this report; and the average number of courses running daily is 5. All important business firms now have trained squads of A.R.P. personnel. Trained instructors number eighteen.

4. Preliminary plans for the erection of an Air Raid Precautions Training School were considered during the year.

IV. Wardens.

1. An A.R.P. Wardens' Main Committee was appointed in May, under the chairmanship of Mr. Pentreath, the members of the committee consisting of some of the well known residents living in the Colony.

P (1) 2

2. The A.R.P. Wardens' Sub-committee was given the task of organizing Air Raid Wardens and Posts in each Police division of Hong Kong and Kowloon.

3. The Warden Posts were fixed at the ratio of one to every 100 houses: each post to consist of three (two men and one woman) who would work on a two shift basis during an emergency.

4.

Twenty two District Sub-committees have now been formed. Some advance has been made in finding suitable Warden Posts and enrolling the necessary number of Wardens, but the rate of progress is necessarily slow. It is necessary to establish approximately 1,600 posts making a total recruitment of 9,600 men and women, cach of whom is expected to attend a course of fifteen lectures and to pass an examination.

V. Women Air Raid Precautions Union.

1. The Women's Air Raid Precautions Union was formed in May under the chairmanship of Mrs. Steele-Perkins. Lady Northcote consented to be president. The object of the Union is to teach simple air raid precautions and elementary first aid to as many ladies of the Colony as possible to enable them to put this informa tion into practice in their own homes should an emergency ever arise.

2. The A.R.P. lectures organized by this Union were held in the various women's clubs, European and Chinese, and were very well attended.

3. An advanced course in A.R.P. services especially suitable to women was also instituted.

1.

VI. Blackouts.

A blackout was held on February 20th.

2. A surprise blackout to discover the extent to which the public had bee educated in air raid precautions was held in September. For the purpose of the exercise it was announced that a "precautionary period" of seven days commencing on September 1st would be followed by an "air raid warning period" on September 8th at 8.30 p.m. to continue for 72 hours. During this period the air raid warning signal was sounded.

3. A series of blackout exercises were made during the combined manoeuvres -November 21st to 28th-to test the air raid precautions. The first was from 9.15. p.m. to 11.15 p.m. on November 24th. The second was announced to take place at any time between 25th and 27th November. There was a precautionary period preceding these exercises.

4. In the first blackout, the public gave their full co-operation, and the exercise was successful, but the same high standard was not maintained in the latter series of blackouts.

VII. Syrens.

Electric syrens for Hong Kong and Kowloon were ordered during the year and those for Hong Kong have been erected.

VIII. Messengers.

An A.R.P. Cyclist Corps was formed to ensure Communications in the event of the breakdown of the telephone service. A number of Boy Scouts were also enrolled for this duty.

P (1) 3

IX. Decontamination.

Squads numbering seven persons apiece were organized in this work, and eighteen squads have already been trained. A total of forty squads is considered

necessary.

GENERAL.

Other activities included-

1.

2.

Plans for safeguarding vital services.

Provision of respirators and protective clothing for essential services.

3. Provision of stores and equipment for A.R.P. Services.

4. The formation of Rescue, Road Repair and Demolition Parties and the provision of equipment.

5. The provision of additional equipment and plans for the formation of an auxiliary Fire Brigade Service.

6. In cooperation with the Hon. D.M.S. and the Director of St. John Ambulance Brigade and Association, the formation of plans for the Medical Services.

7. Plans for the provision of an A.R.P. store.

"

Appendix Q.

REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC WORKS

FOR THE YEAR 1938.

During the year under review the operations of the Public Works Department were carried out, under a head office staff, by eleven sub-departments: Accounts and Stores (later, Accounts), Architectural, Buildings Ordinance, Crown Lands and Surveys, Drainage, Electrical, Port Development, Roads and Transport, Valuations and Resumptions, Waterworks Construction and Waterworks Maintenance.

2. As from the 1st June, 1938, all work in connection with the purchase of Government stores was removed from the Public Works Department, and was taken over by an independent Stores Department. Tables I to III at the end of this report include, however, expenditure incurred by the Government Stores Department to 31st December, 1938, as no provision was made for the new department in the estimates for 1938.

3. The European staff of the Public Works Department comprised 148 officers, including 9 temporary officers, and the non-European 557, including 12 temporary officers. The number of daily paid artisans and labourers averaged 1,778.

4. The following is a summary of works carried out during the year :-

BUILDINGS.

5. Works completed were :-market at Wongneichong; hutment camps for refugees at King's Park, Ma Tau Chung and North Point; quarters for sextons at New Kowloon Cemetery No. 7; engine house at Hung Hom Wireless Station; two public latrines at Stanley Village; isolation block at Kowloon Hospital and air condi- tioning of the operating theatre; additional block of flats at Hong Kong Prison; extension to gardeners quarters, Sookunpoo; conversion of the former Victoria Hospital into four flats and the nursing staff quarters into two semi detached houses; additional ward blocks at Kennedy Town Infectious Diseases Hospital; alterations to Central Magistracy to provide a third court and offices; Garage at Taipo; conversion to flush system of Hing Wan Street and Belchers Street Latrines; shelter at Queen Mary Hospital; alterations and additions to convert the lower blocks at the former Lai Chi Kok Prison into a relief hospital and the upper blocks into an infectious diseases hospital; demolition of buildings at Arsenal Street.

6. Works under construction were :--New Central Market; additions to Tsan Yuk Hospital.

7. In addition to general maintenance, numerous minor alterations, improvements and additions to government buildings were carried out during the year.

COMMUNICATIONS.

8. Works completed were :-Superelevation of bends on Wongneichong Gap Road; raising Electric Road to new town planning levels; re-construction of bridge at Deep Water Bay; forming of 6-foot wide approach path to Chai Wan Cemetery; forming access roads to the refugee camps at Ma Tau Chung, King's Park, and North Point; road diversion at 5th mile, Taipo Road; forming Customs Pass Road; superelevating and improving Castle Peak Road; forming approach road to Lai Chi Kok Cholera Hospital; surfacing Smugglers Gap Road; surfacing Shatin Pass Road; forming road to Lai Chi Kok bathing beach; road diversion, Sai Kung Road; widening and surfacing Taipo Road from the market to the railway bridge; forming car parks adjoining bathing beaches on the Castle Peak Road; resurfacing Tsun Wan Market Road; forming road from Sheung Shui to Mak Fu Ferry.

- Q 2

9. Works under construction were :-Superelevation of bends at Stubbs Road and Repulse Bay Road; re-construction of Macdonnell Road bridge; widening and provision of footpath, Bowen Road (between Peak Tram and Garden Road); re-construction of junction of Hennessy Road, Arsenal Street and Queen's Road East; Argyle Street extension; re-construction of Tai Lam Chung Bridge; resurfacing of Chatham Road; resurfacing of Fanling Road; widening of Castle Peak Road near the 15th mile; resurfacing of Castle Peak Road, from Taipo Road to Kom Tsen Road.

DRAINAGE.

10. In Hong Kong, new main sewers and storm water drains to a length of 5,522 feet and new open channels of varying sections to a length of 851 feet were laid. In addition, 1,114 feet of parapet walling to open nullahs was constructed, and Tai Hang Nullah bridge was reconditioned, strengthened and extended. In Kowloon, New Kowloon and New Territories, new main sewers and storm water drains were constructed to a length of 12,923 feet. In addition, the invert half of storm water drains was laid for a total distance of 977 feet. Nullah inverting was laid in cement. concrete to a total length of 930 feet, and concrete walling was constructed. open drainage cut was formed for a length of 977 feet, and a nullah was partially extended for a distance of sixty-three feet. The construction of Pat Heung nullah at Shek Kong, New Territories, commenced in 1936, was completed at the end of the year.

An

11. Anti-malarial work was continued in Hong Kong. An area between the two reservoirs at Aberdeen was completely drained, and work was continued at Pokfulam between the Queen Mary Hospital and Sandy Bay. In New Kowloon, work on train- ing the stream-course west of New Kowloon Inland Lot No. 1969 at Ngau Chi Wan, started in 1937, was continued, and a length of 281 feet of 36" diameter channel was completed. Channels of 18′′ and 15" in diameter were laid for a length of 654 feet. Subsoil drains, varying in diameter from 15" to 3", were laid to a total length of 2,162 feet. Filling, amounting to 1,570 cubic yards, was deposited.

WATER WORKS.

12. On the maintenance side the following works were carried out to improve distribution :--

13. In Hong Kong the following mains were laid:-2,382 feet of 8", 5,233 feet of 6′′, 2,300 feet of 4" and 8,362 feet of smaller sizes. At Repulse Bay a covered concrete service reservoir of 56,000 gallons was constructed, whilst steel plate balance tanks, each of 30,000 gallons capacity, were erected at Tai Hang and Kennedy Town. A third pressure filter was installed for the Stanley supply.

14. In Kowloon and New Kowloon mains were laid as follows:-12′′, 1,408 feet; 8", 262 feet; 6′′, 3,938 feet; 5′′, 176 feet; 4′′, 5,233 feet, and 6,276 feet of smaller sizes.

15. In the New Territories 2,415 feet of 6", 2,367 feet of 5", 5,456 feet of 4′′ and 4,913 feet of smaller size mains were laid.

16. Remedial measures at Pineapple Pass Dam were carried out by the consulting engineers. The work consisted mainly of removing the sand wedge and substituting 4,405 cubic yards of cement concrete. As the Jubilee Reservoir did not fill during the year no opinion as to the efficacy of the measures taken could be formed.

17. The rainfall during the year amounted to 55.36" which with one exception is the lowest ever recorded in the Colony. As a result the main storage reservoirs did not fill, and the water supply to Hong Kong and Kowloon was subjected to restrictions from August until the end of the year.

18. The formation of a waste detection branch was proceeded with during the year. Additional staff, waste detection meters, etc., were provided, and a zoning scheme was worked out. Unfortunately the water restrictions after August greatly hampered the carrying out of night tests.

Q 3

19. A new Water Works Ordinance was prepared and passed in 1938, to take effect from 1st January, 1939.

20. On the construction side the following works were carried out :-

21. Work in connection with the general extension of the Colony's waterworks approved in 1937 was proceeded with the pumping stations and pipe-lines for the supplies to Albany and Peak Road were practically completed, and construction of the Peak Road service reservoir was commenced; the two new 21" cross-harbour pipe-lines were about one-third completed; Kowloon Tsai Service Reservoir was commenced; extensions to the distribution system of the island and mainland were made; the first section of the Shing Mun catchwater was completed and the second section commenced; preliminary works for the supply and distribution mains for Kowloon Tsai Service Reservior, and for the rapid gravity filters at the Eastern Service Reservoir, were put in hand.

22. Preliminary investigations in connection with the Tai Lam Chung Valley scheme were commenced.

RECLAMATIONS.

23. Reclamations at North Point, Kennedy Town and Kun Tong were continued. The two former are being formed by deposits of building debris; the last-named by deposits of town refuse. The areas reclaimed by the end of the year were 3.4, 2.4 and 12 acres respectively.

ELECTRICAL WORKS.

24. Lights, fans, lifts, telephones and bells in government buildings were maintained in good order.

25. Two submarine cables between Victoria and Kowloon, which had been dragged eastward, were underrun and restored to their proper position. Repairs were carried out to the submarine cable to Green Island. The cable to Waglan was. also damaged but weather conditions did not permit repairs to be completed in 1938.

26. Work on new electrical installations in the following places was in hand or completed-new

-new Central Market; Victoria Hospital flats; Central Magistracy; Wongneichong Market; Police Headquarters; Passport office; Infectious Diseases Hospital; Kowloon Hospital (temporary isolation block); street lights on approach road to Mortuary (Kowloon Hospital); Relief Hospital and Cholera Hospital, Lai Chi Kok. Improvements and additions were carried out to installations in eighty-eight buildings in Victoria and thirty-eight buildings on the mainland. A new landing floodlight was installed at Kai Tak Airport. Extensive electrical work was carried out at the refugee camps at North Point, Ma Tau Chung, King's Park and Kamtin: total number of points 770. Sixteen government buildings were rewired: total number of points 1,053. A private intercommunication telephone system was installed in the Colonial Secretariat.

27. The electrical workshops were removed to premises in Arsenal Yard.

BUILDINGS ORDINANCE OFFICE.

28. Early in the year the building industry began to show signs of recovering from the slump from which it had suffered during the past four years. This recovery has been hastened by the disturbed conditions in China. Impetus has been given to the erection of European flats and buildings of a non-domestic character.

29. The graphs attached to this report (Tables V and VI) show the number of plans (including new works and works of alteration) approved, and the number of domestic buildings completed during the period 1905-1938.

Q.4

30. The following were among the more important works for which plans were approved during the year-two European type houses (four flats each), Robinson Road; one European typé house (four flats), Lower Castle Road; two Chinese tenement type houses (four flats each), Clarence Terrace; two Chinese tenement type houses (three flats each), Chun Sing Street; additional storey to Industrial School, Third Street; Chinese restaurant, Queen's Road, Central; Chinese restaurant, Hillier Street; extensive alterations and additions to Chinese hotel, Queen's Road, Central; tea houses, Queen's Road Central, Queen's Road West, Des Voeux Road Central, Wing Lok Street and Queen's Road West; cinema theatre, Aberdeen; church (The Church Body of the China Congregational Church in Hong Kong), Aplichau; tram car shed, King's Road; extension to paint factory, King's Road; block of sixteen Chinese tenement type houses (four flats each), King's Road and Marble Road; block of eight Chinese tenement type houses (four flats each), Marble Road; extension to wharf, Taikoo Sugar Refinery, Quarry Bay; Royal Hong Kong Yacht Club, Middle Island; extension to Salesian Society's Seminary, Island Road; block of four European type houses (four flats each), Village Road; church and school (Seventh-day Adventists), Ventris Road; eight European type houses, Blue Pool Road; three European type houses (four flats each), Shan Kwong Road; five European type houses, Stanley; two additional storeys on factory building (Dairy Farm, Ice & Cold Storage Co., Ltd.), Great George Street; twenty-eight Chinese tenement type houses (four flats each), Gloucester Road and Tonnochy Road; block of twelve European flats, Macdonnell Road; six Chinese tenement type houses (three flats each), St. Francis Yard; three European type houses, Tung Shan Terrace; extension to Hong Kong Hotels Garage, Stubbs Road; one block of twelve Chinese tenement type houses (four flats each), Wanchai Road; conversion of godown to theatre, I. L. 611-2; factory, Canton Road; one European type house, Hillwood Road; two European type houses (eight flats), Hillwood Road; church (Chinese Baptist Church), Hillwood Road; godown, Jordan Road; additions to Steam Laundry, Kwong Wa Street; day school (one hundred and, fifty pupils), Nelson Street; factory and quarters, Castle Peak Road; godown, Lai Chi Kok; eight Chinese tenement type houses (four flats each), Taipo Road; site formation, Argyle Street; twelve European type houses (four flats each), Argyle Street; two European type houses, Argyle Street; two European type houses, Boundary Street; four Chinese tenement type houses (four flats each), Ching Lung Street; two European type houses, La Salle Road; two European type houses, Ho Mun Tin Hill; school, Hung Hom; machine shop, Hung Hom Dock; two Chinese tenement type houses (four flats each), Hau Wong Road; two Chinese tenement type houses (four flats each), Junction Road; three Chinese tenement type houses (four flats each), Kowloon City Road; one factory and godown, Kowloon City Road; one factory and godown, Kai Tak Bund; additions to Kai Tak Aerodrome; four Chinese tenement type houses (three flats each), Kang Yuen Street; factory, Lung Kong Road; four European type houses, La Salle Road; nine Chinese tenement type houses (three flats each), Lion Rock Road; Church Hall, Ma Tau Chung Road; refugee camp, Ma Tau Chung; rubber factory, Ma Tau Chung Road; rubber factory, Ngau Chi Wan, six Chinese tenement type houses (four flats each), Nam Kok Road; six Chinese tenement type houses (four flats each), Nga Tsin Long Road; nine Chinese tenement type houses (four flats each), Nga Tsin Wai Road; factory, Prince Edward Road; six European type houses (three flats each), Prince Edward Road; five Chinese tenement type houses (four flats each), Prince Edward Road; eight Chinese tenement type houses (four flats each), Ping Street; one Chinese tenement type house, Pau Chung Street; two Chinese tenement type houses, Sai Yee Street; six Chinese tene- ment type houses, Tam Kung Road; large electric power station, Tai Wan.

31. Buildings of some importance completed during the year were :-European type house, Robinson Road; four European type houses (four flats each), Robinson Road; seven Chinese tenement type houses (four flats each), Wellington Street; two Chinese tenement type houses (four flats each), Clarence Terrace; six Chinese tenement type houses (three flats each), Chun Sing Street; eating house, Queen's Road West; tea houses, Wing Lok Street, Queen's Road West and Des Voeux Road Central; Chinese restaurants, Hillier Street, Wing Lok Street and Queen's Road West; block of ten European type houses (four flats each), Morrison Hill Road; conversion of two houses into six flats, "Kyoomville", Bowen Road; two additional storeys on factory building, Dairy Farm, Ice & Cold Storage Co., Ltd., Great George Street;

Q 5

European type house, Tung Shan Terrace, Stubbs Road; block of ten European type houses (four flats each), Wanchai Road; reinforced cement concrete flooring, stairs and roofs to ten Chinese tenement type houses, Sharp Street, East; extension to wharf, Taikoo Sugar Refinery, Quarry Bay; two European type houses, Stanley; one bungalow, Stanley; four European type houses (four flats each), Lai Li Street; Hospital, Kiu Kiang Street; fourteen Chinese tenement type houses (four flats each), Lai Chi Kok Road; two European type houses (four flats each), Nathan Road; six Chinese tenement type houses (four flats each), Taipo Road; one European type house, Norfolk Road; two European type houses, Kadoorie Avenue; two European type houses (four flats each), Sai Yee Street; four European type houses, Prince Edward Road; two European type houses (four flats each), Kadoorie Avenue; two Chinese tenement type houses (three flats each), Un Chau Street; one European type house, Cumberland Road; six Chinese tenement type houses (four flats each), Shanghai Street; four European type houses (two flats each), site 33/4, Kadoorie Avenue; two European type houses, Cornwall Street; two European type houses (four flats each), Fa Yuen Street; two nut oil factories, Castle Peak Road; Office, Castle Peak Road; two tea houses, Shanghai Street; electric sub-station, Castle Peak Road; godown, Mong Kok, Cosmopolitan Dock; godown, Lai Chi Kok; cinema theatre, Nathan Road; weaving factory, Un Chau Street; four European type houses, Ho Mun Tin; two European type houses (three flats each), Argyle Street; one European type house, Boundary Street; club house (Kowloon Football Club), Chatham Road; one Chinese tenement type house (four flats), Chatham Road; Roman Catholic day school (twenty pupils), Chatham Road; godown, Holts Wharf; four Chinese tenement type houses (four flats each), Fuk Lo Tsun Road; one European type house, Ho Mun Tin Hill; storage shed, Hung Hom; one European type house, Kowloon Tong; one Chinese tenement type house (four flats), Lung Kong Road; cracker factory, Ma Tau Kok; film studio, Ma Tau Kok; one European type house, Ma Tau Wai Road; four Chinese tenement houses (four flats each), Nga Tsin Long Road; two European type houses (three flats each), Prince Edward Road; Chinese condiment factory, Ma Tau Kok; four Chinese tenement type houses (four flats each), Sung Wong Toi Street; godown, To Kwa Wan Road; two Chinese tenement type houses (four flats each), Tam Kung Road; weaving factory, Tam Kung Road; five European type houses (three flats each), Waterloo Road; class room (forty pupils), Waterloo Road; four Chinese tenement type houses (four flats each) Wong Tai Street.

32. Occupation permits were issued for 103 Chinese tenement type houses. Of these 64, comprising 237 flats, were erected in Kowloon, and 39, comprising 152 flats, were erected on the Island. Occupation permits for European type houses numbered 85, of which 41, providing accommodation for 144 families, were erected in Kowloon and 44, providing accommodation for 78 families, in Hong Kong.

33. A comparative statement of the number and type of buildings in respect of which plans were deposited in 1937 and 1938 is given in Table VII.

34. The number of water flushed sanitary appliances approved during the year amounted to 1,522.

35. Six fires causing structural damage were reported during the year. The only one in which casualties occurred was the disastrous fire on the 17th November at No. 277 Shanghai Street; the building, a three storey Chinese tenement type house with wooden stairs, floors and roof, was completely gutted and a portion of the roof collapsed. From record plans in the Buildings Ordinance Office, it was shewn that the stairs had been constructed in 1910, leading from the rear of the ground floor to the upper floors. There was no direct egress from the foot of the stairs to the street. The fire was thought to have originated on the ground floor. No alternative means of escape was available. Casualties were twelve dead and nine injured.

36. Among the plans for alterations to existing buildings submitted during the year a considerable number were for replacement of wooden stairs, floors and roofs by reinforced cement concrete.

37. Three collapses were recorded during the year, none of which was of a serious nature. No lives were lost.

Q 6

38. During the year one landslip was reported. Two coolies, one male, one female, were killed by a fall of earth while working in the foundation trench to a proposed retaining wall on Kowloon Inland Lots Nos. 1679 and 1680 (off Hillwood Road). The slip in this case was due to heavy rain which caused the dislodgment of the earth from the unsupported parts of the cutting between the shores, and ultimately from behind the shores.

39. The work approved for the construction of a sea wall and reclamation al Tsun Wan Marine Lot No. 8 was proceeded with during the year.

40. The Chinese cemeteries in Hong Kong, Kowloon and New Kowloon were maintained in good order throughout the year, and provision was made for additional burial spaces as required. Extensive development of the No. 7 Cemetery (Customs Pass) was continued in order to accommodate all Kowloon burials diverted after the unofficial closing of the Ho Mun Tin and Cheung Sha Wan Cemeteries. Few burials took place at Chai Wan Cemetery, the main volume being provided for in the newly formed Chai Wan (Extension) Cemetery.

41. Table VIII shows the number of notices dealt with in connection with dangerous structures, miscellaneous works, private street improvements and nuisances.

VALUATIONS AND RESUMPTIONS,

42. The total valuations made during the year comprised 773 hereditaments, with a total estimated value of $8,082,845.35.

43. Valuations were made for the purpose of resumption for street widenings and the development of areas in accordance with the approved town planning scheme, for anti-malarial works, estate duty and sundry other purposes. Table IX shows the resumptions actually effected.

44. Valuations comprising 463 hereditaments, with a total estimated value of $7,127,560.50, were made for sundry government departments.

area.

TOWN PLANNING.

45. A tentative revised plan was prepared for the Government House and Offices No other new schemes or revisions of any importance were prepared during 1938, development having been in accordance with the recommendations of the Town Planning Committee of 1922 or with amendments and additions previously reported.

EXPENDITURE.

46. The average annual expenditure on Public Works for the decade 1909 to 1918 was $2,293,762; 1919 to 1928, $6,990,950; 1929 to 1938, $8,507,690.

47. Tables I, II and III at the end of this report give various comparative statements of expenditure.

Q 7

PUBLIC WORKS RECURRENT.

The following is a summary of works carried out under this vote:-

HONG KONG.

48. Maintenance of Buildings:-Government buildings were kept in a good state of repair. Painting, colourwashing and repairs in accordance with the recurring programme were carried out to sixty-eight buildings, in addition to such repairs to other buildings as were found to be necessary.

Electrical installations were maintained in good order. 1,341 fans and 461 radiators were cleaned and overhauled; forty-six fans and motors were rewound; 130 lights and power points were added or altered in sixteen buildings.

Expenditure

$241,205.58

49. Improvements to Buildings:-The principal improvements carried out were: Government House-removal of domed roofs to external staircase; Post Office Building-opening in wall of Stamp Office, and new teak partition in Treasury; Imports and Exports Office-partitions altered; Harbour Office alteration to shelves and new racks in strong-room; Belilios School-alterations to form a laboratory; Volunteer Headquarters-two water-closets installed; Chung Tin Building-alterations to form a passport office; Sai Ying Pun Market-new Bostwick gate to side entrance, and brackets for blinds; Ellis Kadoorie School-picture rails to all classrooms; Kennedy Town Slaughterhouse-access formed for entrance of lorries; Botanical and Forestry Department, Superintendent's quarters-new bathroom and boiler house; Quarry Bay School-two new doorways; Violet Peel Health Centre-new partition; No. 297 The Peak-hot-water system and heating to drying-room, and alterations to fireplaces; No. 406 The Peak-fence erected; Mountain Lodge-new kerb to approach road; Government Pavilions-new grilles to windows.

Expenditure

$18,241.97

50. Roads and Bridges in City (Maintenance and Improvements):-The surfaces of approximately seventy-one miles of roads were maintained in a satisfactory

manner.

Super-elevation of bends at Stubbs Road and regulation of channels in Seymour Road and Queen's Road Central were completed. The screeding with tar-tops of the surface of Caine Road, Bonham Road, Garden Road and Leighton Hill Road was put in hand and completed during the year.

The following figures show the extent of the operations carried out at the Government Quarry, Tsat Tsz Mui: A total quantity of 47,209 cubic yards of various grades of stones were passed through crushers, of which 11,303 cubic yards were made into tarmacadam, 5,894 cubic yards into tar-tops, 379 cubic yards into sand carpeting, and 29,633 cubic yards were delivered to various works as the materials came from crushers. 3,484 granolithic paving slabs were provided for use on footways. Three wooden notice boards and five garden seats were made.

The following are particulars of the additional areas laid with improved surfacing-

21" granolithic paving laid on footways

New sand carpeting on top of 6" cement concrete foundation ......

Square Yards.

2,594

4,356

Q 8

A traffic census taken on some of the main roads in the inside city district during a twelve-hour period (8.00 a.m. to 8.00 p.m.) gave the following results, which are shewn compared with the 1937 figures:-

Street.

Point where census was taken.

1 9 3 8

Lorries

1 9 3 7

Cars and motor

cycles.

Lorries and Buses.

Cars and

motor

cycles.

and Buses.

Garden Road. Junction at Murray Barracks

4721

692

5375

758

Magazine Gap | May Road junction

336

12

1460

12

Road.

Stubbs Road.

Above Hong Kong Hotel Garage

971

346

1026

478

Queen's Road

West.

East of No. 7 Police Station

639

1189

784

1098

Des Voeux

Road West.

Connaught

Road West.

Near Western Street

Near Western Street

401

329

562

357

135

1275

237

1350

Pokfulam Road.

Near No. 3 Pumping Station

612

424

765

443

Pokfulam Road. South of No. 7 Police Station

654

497

700

538

Caine Road.

Junction with Arbuthnot Road

1201

54

2271

515

Expenditure

$69,836.74

51. Roads and Bridges outside city (Maintenance and Improvements) :-The surfaces of approximately 102 miles of roads were maintained in a satisfactory

manner.

Bends at Stubbs Road, Wongneichong Gap Road and Island Road were super-elevated, and the surface improved generally.

The following are particulars of the additional areas laid with improved surfacing:

21" granolithic paving laid on footways New tar-painting

Square Yards.

3,130

4,150

A traffic census taken on some of the main roads in the Outside City district during a twelve-hour day (8.00 a.m. to 8.00 p.m.) gave the following results, which are shewn compared with the 1937 figures:

19 3 8

Street.

Point where census was taken.

19 3 7

Cars and Lorries

motor cycles.

and Buses.

Cars and motor

cycles.

Lorries and Buses.

Stubbs Road. Above junction with Bowen Road... Wongneichong Above junction with Bowen Road...

Gap Road.

176

134

295

126

438

205

654

283

Magazine

Below junction with Stubbs Road ...

677

1015

Gap Road.

King's Road.

Opposite Ming Yuen Garden

517

463

821

702

Island Road.

Bottom of Shaukiwan Hill

129

86

310

285

Island Road.

East of Repulse Bay Road junction.

120

52

522

236

Island Road.

West of Repulse Bay Road junction.

342

267

248

70

Island Road.

South of Victoria Road and

Pokfulam Road junction

94

175

195

212

Expenditure

$59,906.95

- Q 9

52. Maintenance of Telephones including all Cables:-The whole system of communication, including main and sub-exchanges, submarine and land cables, aerial routes, instruments and office intercommunicating systems, were maintained in good order. Alterations and improvements were effected on various existing lines. Bell and telephone circuits were rearranged in various government buildings. When Cable and Wireless, Ltd., took over the Government commercial W. I. services early in 1938 a control cable was laid from their offices in Connaught Road to connect with the Government control calle.

Expenditure

$12,733.86

53. Maintenance of Sewers, Nullahs, etc:-Sewers, storm water drains, and trained nullahs generally were cleansed, repaired and maintained in good condition. Open nullahs and channels in the City of Victoria and in Shaukiwan district were cleansed by the Sanitary Department. Automatic flushing tanks were operated during periods of low tide. Sand deposits were cleared as they occurred. Septic tanks at Lugard Road, Repulse Bay, Deep Water Bay and Farm Lots Nos. 29 and 30 Pokfulam were periodically sludged. The septic tank and its pumping plant on the foreshore at North Point were maintained in working order. Many defective traps, gullies, gratings, etc., were renewed.

Expenditure

$24,634.06

54. Street Lighting:-The total number of gas lamps in use at the end of the year in the city and its precincts was 1821, and in the hill district, 258.

An improvement to the existing lighting in Hennessy Road and at the junction of Queen's Road and Arsenal Street was inade during the year by the installation of twenty six gaseous discharge lamps of four hundred watts each.

In the interests of economy an arrangement was made with the Hong Kong and China Gas Company under which ninety five lamps-in Barker Road, Belchers Street, Bluff Path, Craigmin Road, Gough Hill Road, Kotewall Road, Magazine Gap Road, Monmouth Path, May Road, Peak Road, Po Shan Road, Victoria Road, and Watson Road-were extinguished at midnight instead of at the times specified in the gas street lighting agreement.

A similar arrangement was made with the Hong Kong Electric Company, affecting 329 lamps on Borrett Road, Bowen Road, Brewin Path, Clovelly Path, Harlech Road, Homestead Path, Lugard Road, Magazine Gap Road, Middle Gap Road, Mount Cameron Lower Road, Mount Davis Road, Pokfulam Road, Sassoon Road, Stubbs Road, Tung Tau Wan Road, and Wanchai Gap. A further eighteen lamps in Tregunter Path were extinguished at 2.00 a.m.

The total number of electric street lamps in use at the end of the year in the city, outside city and Peak districts was as follows:-

Street lamps, etc.

Pier lamps

Public latrine lamps

855

52

142

New lamps were installed and lighted at the cost of Government to replace fifteen lamps which had been provided and maintained by the Taikoo Dockyard and Engineering Company for lighting the roads adjacent to their property and the scavenging lanes behind their Chinese staff quarters between Tai Cheong Street and Tai On Street, Shaukiwan.

Electric traffic control lights, seventy-five in number, and traffic beacon lights, twenty-eight in number, were maintained in good order.

Expenditure

$189,885.11

- Q 10

55. Typhoon and Rainstorm Damages:-The following repairs necessitated by the typhoon of 2nd September, 1937, were completed: Stanley Gaol-reconstruction of the roofs of the printing shop, kitchen block, bath house and assembly hall corridor, with reinforced concrete lantern lights; Arsenal Yard Buildings-roofs of two buildings repaired.

A temporary timber pier was built, at a cost of $16,898.00, to replace the Harbour Office pier, which was completely demolished by the typhoon of September,

1937.

Repairs were carried out to the pitched slope at the Green Island Gunpowder depôt. This work included the repair and strengthening of the pitched slope by substituting 2-ton stones on the face in lieu of the existing 12" pitching between the levels of O.D. and + 14.0′ O.D. and the repairs to the existing pitching from 14.0′ O.D. to +27.0' O.D., along with extensive repairs to the R.C. Pier.

Repairs to and heightening of the North Point sea wall, which was rammed by a large vessel and partly demolished during the typhoon of September 1937, were put in hand during the year.

The defective sections of the live stock pier at Kennedy Town, which was extensively damaged in the typhoon of September 1937, were taken down, and the pier was raised to the level of 12.5 feet above Chart Datum. 180 lineal feet of damaged seawall was taken down and rebuilt.

Repairs were effected to the breakwater of the Causeway Bay typhoon shelter, damaged in the same typhoon.

During the heavy rainstorm in September, 1938, landslips occurred on Island Road and Babington Path, necessitating the re-erection of concrete walling.

Expenditure

$74,760.28

56. Maintenance of City and Hill District Water Works:-The year opened with a constant supply, which was maintained until 14th August when, owing to the deficiency in rainfall, it was considered expedient to restrict the supply. From 15th to 31st August the supply was limited to 15 hours a day (6 a.m.-9 p.m.); from 1st to 25th September, to 10 hours a day (6-11 a.m. and 4-9 p.m.); from 26th September to 31st December to 8 hours a day (6-10 a.m. and 4-8 p.m.). A constant supply was, therefore, maintained for 226 days, as compared with 229 days in 1937.

The total quantity of water stored in the impounding reservoirs on 1st January amounted to 1,655.24 million gallons, of which 418.94 million gallons were in the gravitation reservoirs and 1,236.30 million gallons in the lower-level reservoirs requiring pumping. Storage reached a minimum on the 19th May when the total was 957.45 million gallons, 295.05 million gallons being in the gravitation reservoirs.

The reservoirs were at or over their permanent overflow levels for the following periods :-

Reservoirs.

Tytam Tytam Byewash

Tytam Intermediate

Tytam Tuk

Wongneichong Pokfulam

Aberdeen Upper

Aberdeen Lower

Capacity to permanent overflow level

(million gallons).

Overflow periods.

*50 days, from 9th August to 27th September.

†5 days, from 21st to 25th

361.79 22.40 195.90

Nil.

Nil.

1,406.00

Nil.

30.34 66.00

Nil.

May.

173.23

Nil.

106.89

Nil.

2,362.55

Total

* Collected in Tytam Tuk Reservoir.

† Recorded overflow=2 million gallons.

:

-Q 11

The greatest storage reached was 1,867.35 million gallons on 13th October, equivalent to 79% of the possible maximum.

The rainfall for the year recorded at the Royal Observatory (Table X) amounted to 55.36 inches, which, with one exception, is the lowest rainfall recorded in a calendar year since observations commenced in 1884.

It is interesting to note that the officially recorded rainfall for the year at the neighbouring Portuguese colony of Macao was 45.11 inches.

Other low rainfall years were: 1895, 45.83 inches; 1901, 55.77; 1898, 57.02; 1933, 62.34; 1912, 68.90. The lowest rainfall ever recorded in twelve consecutive months was, however, 37.27 inches in the months July 1928 to June 1929. The average rainfall for the past 55 years is 84.26 inches.

Total quantity of water pumped from Tytam Tuk reservoir amounted to 1,891.03 million gallons all of which was pumped by the Simpson engines. This total was more than that of 1937 by 493.67 million gallons. During the year authority was given to scrap the two Tangye pumps which were installed in 1904 and had become un- serviceable, and to replace them by electrically driven centrifugal pumps.

Owing to the low rainfall the Tytam Tuk pumps worked on 345 days, which left insufficient time for a satisfactory overhaul of all pumping units to be made. The consumption of coal at Tytam Tuk pumping station was 4,428 tons, compared with 3,543 tons in 1937.

The total quantity of filtered water supplied amounted to 5,135.16 million gallons (which includes 1,691.26 million gallons from the mainland) and 63.87 million gallons unfiltered, making a grand total of 5,199.03 million gallons or 76.63 million gallons more than during 1937.

The mainland supply was in operation throughout the year, the average daily supply to the Garden Service reservoir being 4.63 million gallons, or 32.5% of the total Island consumption.

The total quantity of water pumped for consumption in the high level district of the City was 197.73 million gallons, equivalent to an average daily consumption of about 540,000 gallons. 68.62 million gallons were pumped for consumption in the Peak district, giving an average daily consumption of 188,000 gallons.

The pumping plant at Pokfulam Road worked satisfactorily and delivered 259.75 million gallons to the mid-level, high level and Peak districts. The consumption of coal at Pokfulam Road pumping station was 1,941 tons, compared with 1,924 tons in 1937.

The average price of coal, including delivery to pumping stations, was $26.07 per ton, compared with $12.00 in 1937 and $13.14 in 1936.

The turbines and pumping plant at Bowen Road were thoroughly overhauled and delivered an average daily supply of 110,000 gallons to the 650 feet level service reservoir in the high level district.

The turbines and pumps at the eastern filters worked satisfactorily, a daily average of about 106,000 gallons being delivered to the Jardine's Lookout and Middle Gap service reservoirs in the high level districts.

The electrically driven pumps at Middle Gap worked satisfactorily, a daily average of 34,000 gallons being delivered to Mount Cameron service reservoir in the Peak district.

Tabulated statements containing particulars of the quantities of water pumped to the high level district of the city and to the Peak district will be found in Table XI.

Q 12

The average consumption of filtered water per head per day for all purposes was about 25.6 gallons. In arriving at this figure the population has been estimated at 550,000. Details of consumption are given in Tables XII and XIII.

Particulars of the quantity of water supplied by meters are also given in Table XIII, the amount of filtered water so supplied being 3,772.52 million gallons. 73.5% of the total consumption of filtered water was, therefore, accounted for by meters, compared with 67.8% in 1937. After making allowance for unmetered supplies given through public stand pipes, washing filters, mains and services, fires, etc., it is estimated that 76.1% of the total consumption was accounted for.

Samples of water were examined by the Government Bacteriologist with the following results :-

RAW WATER.

Total number of samples examined

Number shewing B.C.C. absent in 10 C.C.

Number shewing B.C.C. present in 10 C.C. or less...

FILTERED WATER-UNCHLORINATED.

Total number of samples examined

Number shewing B.C.C. absent in 10 C.C.

Number shewing B.C.C. present in 10 C.C. or less ...

TAP WATER-FILTERED AND CHLORINATED.

96

10 (10.4%) 86 (89.6%)

107

85 (79.5%) 22 (20.5%)

Total number of samples examined

Number shewing B.C.C. absent in 50 C.C.

Number shewing B.C.C. absent in 10 C.C.

Number shewing B.C.C. present in 10 C.C. or less ...

964

864 (89.6%)

78 (8.1%)

22 ( 2.3%)

The analyses by the Government Analyst shewed that the water was of good quality throughout the year. The city supply was treated with 7.26 tons of liquid chlorine and 4.3 tons of chloride of lime, which is equivalent to an average admixture of chlorine of about .555 of a part per million.

The formation of the waste detection branch referred to on page 17 of the 1937 report was approved by Government. As a first step three inspectors were engaged and employed on a house to house inspection of inside services. 14,203 inspections were made and 1,228 notices to repair defective services were served on consumers as a result of these inspections. Plans were prepared for the division of the distribution system on the island into fifty-four waste detection areas, each to be controlled by a waste detection meter, and twenty "Deacon' waste detection meters were provided. Schemes for the necessary alteration to mains, valves and sub-mains in each area were also prepared. Owing to lack of European staff, and to the water restrictions, only twelve night tests were carried out, but the results of these tests were highly satisfactory. Free tap re-washering was instituted in September, and 664 washers were fixed by the end of the year. Preparations were made to commence testing and stamping all fittings to be used on inside services on 1st January 1939.

The work of overhauling the valves on the mains in the city was continued. 205 were repaired on principal mains and eighty-three on sub-mains.

At the end of the year 43 public stand pipes, 205 pedestal fire hydrants and 670 underground hydrants were in use.

Particulars of main mileage on the island are given in Table XIV.

Q 13

New services were constructed or old ones altered, improved, repaired or connected to the mains to the number of 17,130.

During the year a new Water Works Ordinance (No. 20 of 1938) was prepared and passed, to take effect from 1st January 1939, replacing Ordinance No. 16 of 1903, which had long been out of date.

Expenditure

$338,572.48

57. Village Water Supplies-(a) Shaukiwan and Chai Wan:-The supply was subjected to restrictions similar to those in force in the city of Victoria. A constant supply was maintained for 226 days.

The total consumption of filtered water from the Chai Wan filters was 54.81 million gallons, which includes 1.84 million gallons supplied to the boat population and 7.21 million gallons to the barracks at Chai Wan, equivalent to an average of 150,000 gallons per day. Details of consumption are given in Table XV.

The supply was treated with 19 cwt. of chloride of lime, which is equivalent to an average dose of chlorine of about 1.3 parts per million.

The supply was augmented as required from the city system.

There were thirty-nine public stand pipes and twenty-five fire hydrants in use at the end of the year.

(b) Aberdeen:-The supply was subjected to restrictions similar to those in force in the city of Victoria, a constant supply being maintained for 226 days.

The total consumption of filtered water was 43.42 million gallons, including 2.40 million gallons supplied through the water boat station and 9.41 million gallons supplied through the 3" cross harbour main to Aplichau. The average consumption for the year was 119,000 gallons per day. Details are given in Table XV.

The supply was treated with 12 cwt. of chloride of lime, which is equivalent to an average dose of chlorine of about one part per million.

There were eleven public stand pipes and eleven fire hydrants in use at the end of the year.

(c) Repulse Bay:-This supply is now included in the high level district of the city. The consumption recorded by the check meter at Wongneichong Gap amounted to 15.93 million gallons, which is equivalent to an average daily consumption of 44,000 gallons.

year.

There were eight fire hydrants and six beach stand pipes in use at the end of the

(d) Stanley: The supply was subjected to restrictions similar to those in force in the city of Victoria, a constant supply being maintained for 226 days during the

year.

The total quantity of filtered water supplied amounted to 55.13 million gallons, equivalent to an average consumption of 151,000 gallons per day, which represents an increase of 22.8% compared with 1937. Details art given in Table XV.

The supply was treated with 225 lbs. of liquid chlorine during the year, which is equivalent to an average dose of .41 of a part per million.

year.

There were sixteen fire hydrants and nine stand pipes in use at the end of the

Q 14

(e) Shouson Hill and Deep Water Bay Golf Club:-A constant supply was maintained. The total quantity of unfiltered water supplied was 4.97 million gallons, equivalent to an average daily consumption of 13,600 gallons. Details are given in

table XV..

Expenditure

$5,797.88

58. Water Meters: The number of meters examined and repaired was 10,004, of which fifteen were tested in accordance with Regulation 9 of the Water Works Regulations. The number of meters on the Island at the end of the year was :-

City of Victoria

13,282

Peak District

314

Pokfulam and Mount Davis

94

Aberdeen and Aplichau

95

Shouson Hill, Deep Water Bay and Repulse Bay

66

Stanley and Tytam

101

Shaukiwan

189

Total

14,141

The rate of overhaul of meters was equivalent to an overhaul of each meter once in eighteen months. As improved meter efficiency means increased revenue it is hoped to accelerate the rate of overhaul until each meter is dealt with once per annum.

Expenditure

$64,324.79

59. Maintenance of Praya Walls and Piers:-Praya walls and piers were maintained in a satisfactory condition. Repairs were carried out to Arsenal Street pier, Blake pier, Davis Street pier, Eastern Street pier, Fenwick Street pier, Fleming Road pier, Green Island Lighthouse pier, Green Island Magazine pier, Jubilee Street pier, Kennedy Town cattle pier, King Shan pier, Murray pier, Queen's pier, Sai Wan Ho pier, Tonnochy Road pier, Whitfield pier, Wilmer Street pier and to various seawalls. The hoists, machinery and ramps for the passenger ferry berths at Jubilee Street pier were maintained in good condition.

Expenditure

$17,675.92

60. Maintenance of Public Cemetery:-The cemetery was maintained in a satisfactory manner. Repairs to cement concrete channels and footpaths were affected during the year.

Expenditure

$1,944.59

61. Maintenance of Chinese Cemeteries:-Work carried out under this head is covered by paragraph 40 of this report.

Expenditure

$3,310.69

62. Maintenance of Public Recreation Grounds:-All Government play-grounds. were maintained in good condition. The use of departmental labour for the purpose of mowing grass, cleaning ditches, etc., was continued.

Expenditure

$2,997.24

Q. 15

63. Dredging Foreshores:-The working cost and capacity of the two govern- ment grab dredgers during the year were as follows:-

Particulars.

Grab Dredger No. 1.

Grab Dredger No. 2.

Days working

Days under repairs

Cost of repairs and

replacements

Cube yards of silt removed.

All-in cost of removing silt including transportation and deposition but ex- cluding depreciation

312

20th to 29th April, 25th August to 3rd Septem- ber, and 11th October to 4th November.

$ 6,736.87

28,068.17

75.59 cents

321

9th May, 11th to 17th October, and 24th No- vember to 7th December.

$ 5,718.00

24,001.26

84.08 cents

Of the total of 52,069.43 cube yards of silt removed, 9,810.86 cube yards were dredged from the foreshores and alongside refuse piers; 9,429.52 cube yards were dredged on behalf of the Admiralty; whilst 32,829.05 cube yards were dredged in connection with the formation of bed for the new cross harbour water mains under Loan Works Head 2 (c)-Cross Harbour Pipe. 5,697.03 cube yards of silt dredged were utilized in covering scavenging refuse dumped at Kun Tong.

Expenditure

$12,054.24

64. Stores Depreciation: The following sums were credited to the vote: $1,835.87, being rebates and recoveries through the Crown Agents for the Colonies; $3,798.33, being value of goods issued prior to 1938 and returned to store.

The adjustment of store values, and reconditioning of old stores, amounted to $5,276.45, which sum was debited to the vote, together with $357.75 transferred

to revenue.

Expenditure

Nil

65. Boundary Stones:-To define the boundaries of 410 lots, 1,491 stones were placed in position.

Expenditure

$1,825.45

66. Survey of Colony: This is covered in the report submitted by the Superintendent of Crown Lands and Surveys: vide pages Q68 to Q77.

Expenditure

$3,287.70

67. Maintenance of Vehicles Ferry Pier at Jubilee Street: The pier, hoists and hoisting machinery were maintained in good condition. The cost of repairing damage done to the fender belt by the Ferry Company's vessels amounted to $7,174.53.

Expenditure

$9,497.84

Q 16

KOWLOON.

68. Maintenance of Buildings:-Government buildings were kept in a good state of repair. Painting, colourwashing and repairs in accordance with the recurring programme were carried out to forty-seven buildings, in addition to such repairs to other buildings as were found to be neccessary.

Electrical installations were maintained in good order. 506 fans and 118 radiators were cleaned and overhauled; twenty-one fan motors were rewound; fifty-one points were added or altered in seven buildings.

Expenditure

$47,024.21

69. Improvements to Buildings:-The principal improvements carried out were :—Kowloon post office-alterations to counter and to clerks quarters and supply of new post boxes; Ma Tau Kok depot a ramp and gates; Hung Hom oil store--alterations to entrance; Kowloon ire station-new shelving and hose racks; Kowloon Hospital-new flag mast, new window catches and alterations to dispensary; Police Training School-renewal of floors in concrete.

Electrical improvements and additions were carried out in four buildings; total number of points, eight.

One light, six power sockets and one desk fan were installed in four buildings.

Expenditure

$9,953.43

70. Roads and Bridges (Maintenance and Improvements):-The surfaces of approximately 49 miles of roads were maintained in a satisfactory manner. areas laid with improved surfacing were:-

Additional

Surface dressing (tarpaint)

Surface dressing (tartops)

21" granolithic paving laid on footways

Slab paving laid on footways

Square yards.

70,887

423

3,949

183

54,764

New dry macadam surfacing

New tarred macadam surfacing

20,251

A traffic census taken on some of the main roads in Kowloon during a twelve-hour period (8 a.m. to 8 p.m.) gave the following results, which are shewn compared with the 1937 figures:

Street

Point where Census was taken

Motor

1937

Cars & Lorries

and

1938

Cars & Lorries

Motor

and

Cycles

Buses

Cycles

Buses

Nathan Road

Salisbury Road, Junction

1979

1241

2363

1510

Nathan Road

Waterloo Road Junction

3133

1850

4243

2175

Salisbury Road

Nathan Road Junction

2390

1589

2892

1854

Jordan Road

Canton Road Junction

513

1525

782

1266

Canton Road

Jordan Road Junction

118

466

112

265

Waterloo Road

Nathan Road Junction

1658

187

2197

321

Waterloo Road

Shanghai Street Junction

53

104

68

64

Waterloo Road Shanghai Street Shanghai Street Prince Edward Road Prince Edward Road Tam Kung Road Prince Edward Road Chatham Road Gascoigne Road

Prince Edward Road Junction. Tam Kung Road Junction Gascoigne Road Junction Chatham Road Junction

Expenditure

Prince Edward Road Junction.

1327

363

1671

359

Waterloo Road Junction

113

655

129

539

Prince Edward Road Junction.

41

520

92

473

Shanghai Street Junction Waterloo Road Junction

65

189

88

224

1025

866

1361

821

485

808

836

1813

1142

917

657

527

$66,991.66

Q 17

71. Maintenance_of Telephones: All lines and instruments, including those of the Kowloon-Canton Railway, were maintained in good order.

Alterations and improvements were effected on various existing lines, and telephone circuits were re-arranged in various government buildings.

Expenditure

$3,453.77

72. Maintenance of Sewers, Nullahs, etc.:-Sewers, storm water drains and trained nullahs were cleansed, repaired and maintained in good condition. Open channels and nullahs were cleansed by the Sanitary Department. Automatic flushing tanks were kept working continuously, and sand deposits, as they accumulated, were removed. Many defective traps, gullies, gratings, etc., were replaced.

Expenditure

$8,306.53

73. Street Lighting:-The total number of gas lamps in use at the end of the year, all of which are incandescent, was 581. 701 electric street lamps were in use, an increase of 19 over the previous year. A scheme to improve the lighting of Nathan Road by the installation of 78 gaseous discharge lamps was put in hand towards the end of the year.

All traffic control lights were maintained in good order.

Expenditure

-

$78,251.64

74. Typhoon and Rainstorm Damages: Works undertaken after the severe typhoon of September 1937 were completed: silt and debris were cleared and removed to dump from nullahs, catchpits and channels throughout Kowloon; repairs were carried out to 18" diameter storm-water drain in Kau Pui Shek Road at its temporary outfall at Ping Street; repairs were completed to the ferry pier at Hung Hom, and the pier was reopened to traffic in August; repairs were effected to the south breakwater of the Mong Kok Tsui harbour of refuge. A dangerous rock on the hillside at the rear of No. 504, Nathan Road was partially cut away and secured. A number of street lamps damaged by storm were repaired.

Expenditure

$26,803.48

75. Maintenance of Water Works:-The year opened with a constant supply which was maintained until 14th August. From 15th August until the end of the year similar restrictions to those in force on the island were imposed. A constant supply was, therefore, maintained for 226 days, compared with 365 in 1937.

The quantity of water stored in the impounding reservoirs on 1st January was 2,842.71 million gallons. A minimum of 1,175.76 million gallons was reached on 2nd August, when there were 858.53 million gallons in Jubilee Reservoir.

The reservoirs were at or above their permanent overflow levels for the following periods

Kowloon

Reservoirs.

Capacity to permanent overflow level (million gallons).

Overflow periods.

*115 days from 1st January

to 25th April.

Kowloon Byewash

Shek Li Pui

Shing Mun Reception

Jubilee

Total

352.50

185.50

Nil.

116.10

Nil.

33.15

139 days.

2,921.00

Nil.

3,608.25

* Overflow collected in Byewash Reservoir.

Q 18

The maximum quantity in storage was 2,842.71 million gallons on 1st January 1938.

The quantity in storage at the end of the year was 1,860.69 million gallons.

Measures to remedy the defects in the Pineapple Pass Dam, referred to in last year's Report, were carried out under the direction of the Consulting Engineers, who were represented locally by Mr. G. B. Gifford Hull, late Resident Engineer in charge of the Jubilee Reservoir construction. The work consisted principally of removing the sand wedge and substituting approximately 4,405 cubic yards of cement concrete. Despite a maximum down stream movement in the core wall of 8 inches, only hair cracks were discovered on its down stream face. These were cauiked and patched with bitumen. The granite pitching, which had subsided on the upstream face and bulged on the down stream face, was relaid where necessary. The work was completed in August, but as the highest water level reached was 594.5 A.O.D. (30′16′′ below overflow level) in October, no opinion on its efficacy can yet be stated. Leakage through the dam on 1st January, when the water level was 606.5 A.O.D. was 3,000 gallons per hour, and reached a minimum of 500 gallons per hour in July when the water level was 559.0 A.O.D. At the end of the year, with a water level of 580.0 A.O.D. the leakage was 700 gallons per hour.

Leakage from the Yaumati service reservoir having increased considerably, the reservoir was emptied and thoroughly examined. Settlement and cracking of the invert in the north east corner was discovered, whilst slight wall movement had also occured. These were repaired at comparatively small expense, and leakage was reduced from 118,000 to 1,625 gallons per day. Observations for further movement are being continued. The western section of the reservoir is in good condition and shewed no leakage on a three days test.

4,122.75 million gallons were delivered into the reception reservoir from the Jubilee reservoir and Smuggler's Pass intake. There was no appreciable loss by overflow, as the Byewash reservoir only reached sill level for a few hours on 22nd March following a heavy thunderstorm.

A total of 5,270.23 million gallons was filtered, 1,378.30 being filtered by the slow sand beds, and the remaining 3,891.94 million gallons by the Paterson rapid gravity plant at Shek Li Pui. Of the latter quantity 1,691.26 million gallons were supplied to Hong Kong.

The total quantity of water supplied to Kowloon was 3,463.72 million gallons (exclusive of 112.76 million gallons supplied to water boats at Lai Chi Kok) which gives an average daily consumption of 9.46 million gallons or 18.9 gallons per head per day based on an estimated population of 500,000. Details are given in Table

XVI.

Particulars of the quantity of water supplied by meters are given in Table XVI, the total amount being 2,429.15 million gallons. 70.1% of the total consumption was, therefore, accounted for by meters, compared with 65% in 1937. After making allowance for unmetered supplies through public stand pipes, cleaning filter beds, mains and services, fires, etc., it is estimated that 78.4% of the total consumption was accounted for. The balance is mainly due to losses in the distribution system.

Samples of water were examined by the Government Bacteriologist with the following results :-

RAW WATER.

Total number of samples examined

Number shewing B.C.C. absent in 10 C.C. Number shewing B.C.C. present in 10 C.C. or less

FILTERED WATER-UNCHLORINATED.

Total number of samples examined

Number shewing B.C.C. absent in 10 C.C.

Number shewing B.C.C. present in 10 C.C. or less

24

2 ( 8.3%) 22 (91.7%)

24

22 (91.7%) 2 (8.3%)

Q 19

TAP WATER-FILTERED AND CHLORINATED.

Total number of samples examined

Number shewing B.C.C. absent in 50 C.C.

Number shewing B.C.C. absent in 10 C.C.

202

191 (94.5%)

7 (3.4%)

Number shewing B.C.C. present in 10 C.C. or less

4 (1.9%)

The mainland supply was treated with 9.9 tons of liquid chlorine, which is equivalent to an average admixture of 0.43 of a part per million.

The analyses made by the Government Analyst shewed that the water was of good quality throughout the year.

Two additional inspectors were engaged for waste detection, making a staff of four. These were employed on a house to house inspection of inside services. 12,256 inspections were made and 1,156 notices to repair defective services were served on consumers as a result of these inspections. Plans were prepared for the division of the distribution system of the mainland into thirty-nine waste detection areas, each to be: controlled by a waste detection meter, and various alterations to the distribution and services were carried out. A free tap re-washering service was instituted in September, and by the end of the year 302 washers had been renewed. Preparations were made to commence testing and stamping all fittings to be used on inside services on January 1st 1939.

At the end of the year 119 public stand pipes, 167 pedestal hydrants and 360 single underground street fire hydrants were in use.

A measurement of all trunk and distribution mains and back lane pipes of 2′′ upwards was made. The position at the end of the year is given in Table XVII.

House services were constructed, altered, or repaired to the number of 3,128, and forty-three supplies were connected for building purposes.

Expenditure

$82,171.24

76. Water Meters: There were 10,153 meters in use at the close of the year as compared with 9,774 in 1937. The number of meters examined and repaired was 7,005, and five meters were tested in accordance with Regulation 9 of the Water Works Ordinance, No. 16 of 1903.

Expenditure

$39,541.19

77. Maintenance of Praya Walls and Piers: Praya walls and piers were maintained in a satisfactory condition. Repairs were carried out to the following: Jordan Road pier, Mong Kok Tsui pier, Public pier at Tsimshatsui, Public Square Street pier, Saigon Street pier, Waterloo Road pier and Jordan Road staging. Five hoists at Jordan Road and Mong Kok Ferry piers were maintained in good order.

Expenditure

$8,208.03

78. Maintenance of Chinese Cemeteries:-Work carried out under this head is covered by paragraph 40 of this report.

Expenditure

$3,465.88

79. Maintenance of Recreation Grounds:-The various grounds were maintained in good condition. Departmental gangs were employed for the purpose of mowing grass, cleaning ditches, etc.

Expenditure

$1,910.77

80. Maintenance of Vehicles Ferry Pier at Jordan Road:-The pier, hoists, hoisting machinery and ramps were maintained in good condition. The cost of repairing damage done to the fender belt by the Ferry Company's vessels amounted to $520.42.

Expenditure

$7,367.49

Q 20

NEW KOWLOON.

81. Maintenance of Buildings:-Government buildings were kept in a good state of repair. Painting, colourwashing and repairs in accordance with the recurring programme were carried out to eighteen buildings, in addition to such repairs to other buildings as were found to be necessary.

The electrical installations were maintained in good order. 459 points in three buildings were tested and three inventories of electrical fittings issued and revised.

Expenditure

$7,928.61

82. Improvements to Buildings: The principal improvements carried out were: Lai Chi Kok European quarters-mosquito proofing; Lai Chi Kok Cholera Hospital- provision of showers, new drainage and notice-boards; Lai Chi Kok Relief Hospital- new doors to wards; Kai Tak Aerodrome-ventilation to office roofs.

Expenditure

$6,783.01

83. Roads and Bridges (Maintenance and Improvements):-The surfaces of approximately 33 miles of roads were maintained in a satisfactory condition.

Particulars of the additional areas laid with improved surfacing were:--

Surface dressing (tarpaint)

Square yards. 58,111

Surface dressing (tartops)

10,283

21" granolithic paving laid on footways

6,470

Slab paving laid on footways

Nil

New dry macadam surfacing

New tarred macadam surfacing

35,774

12,627

$29,943.69

Expenditure

84. Maintenance of Telephones:-Lines and instruments were maintained in good order.

Expenditure

$512.20

85. Maintenance of Sewers, Nullahs, etc.-Sewers, storm water drains, and trained nullahs were cleansed, repaired, and maintained in good condition. Open channels and nullahs were cleansed by the Sanitary Department. Sand deposits, as they accumulated, were removed.

Expenditure

$5,706.77

86. Street Lighting:-The total number of electric street lamps in use at the end of the year was 585, an increase of 2 over the previous year.

Expenditure

$27,083.06

87. Typhoon and Rainstorm Damages:-The typhoon of 2nd September, 1937, washed away approximately 200 feet of nullah walling, and damaged two nullah bridges and the seaplane slipway at the Kai Tak Airport. Repairs were put in hand and completed during 1938. A new 6 K.W. floodlight was installed on the north side of the landing ground to replace the floodlight destroyed in the typhoon.

A sea wall was constructed on piled and rubble foundations at Tai Wan, where the same typhoon had swept away a length of about 360 feet of pitching. Repairs were also effected to a pitched slope at Ngau Chi Wan.

Sand and silt were cleared and removed to a dump from the Kai Tak Airport nullahs, and other nullahs, catchpits and channels throughout New Kowloon.

Expenditure

$49,257.98

Q 21

88. Maintenance of Water Works-Lai Chi Kok:-The total quantity of water supplied during the year was 112.76 million gallons, shewing an increase of 16.43 million gallons on 1937 and an average consumption of 309,000 gallons per day.

Details of consumption are given in Table XVIII.

Expenditure

$2,527.17

89. Water Meters:-There were twenty-six meters in use at the close of the year, compared with thirty in 1937. The number of meters examined and repaired during the year was thirty-one.

Expenditure

$2,675.49

90. Maintenance of Praya Walls and Piers:-The praya walls and piers were maintained in good condition. Repairs were carried out to Shamshuipo and Kowloon City piers. Two hoists and hoisting machinery at Shamshuipo Ferry pier were maintained in good order.

Expenditure

$3,174.70

91. Maintenance of Chinese Cemeteries:-Work carried out under this head is covered by paragraph 40 of this report.

Expenditure

$1,899.77

NEW TERRITORIES.

92. Maintenance of Buildings:-Government buildings were kept in a good state of repair. Painting, colourwashing and repairs in accordance with the recurring programme were carried out to twenty-one buildings, in addition to such repairs to other buildings as were found to be necessary.

Electrical installations were maintained in good order. The lightning conductors at the gunpowder depot, Green Island, were renewed.

Expenditure

$19,303.74

93. Improvements to Buildings:-The principal improvements carried out were: Ping Shan Land Office-new counter fixed; Police bungalow, Taipo-mosquito proofing and new shutters to windows; Sheung Shui Police Station-two new lavatory basins.

Electrical improvements and additions were carried out at Taipo Police bungalow and Ping Shan Police Station.

Expenditure

$1,919.45

94. Maintenance of Lighthouses:-All lighthouses were maintained in a good state of repair. Painting, colourwashing and repairs in accordance with the recurring programme were carried out to all lighthouses. Electrical installations at Gap Rock and Waglan Lighthouses were maintained in good order.

Expenditure

$9,974.85

95. Roads and Bridges (Maintenance and Improvements):-The surfaces of approximately 87 miles of roads were maintained in a satisfactory manner.

The following items of works were undertaken and completed by the end of 1938-Constructing cement concrete culverts and pipes and re-instating surface, Au Tau to Shek Kong Road; re-constructing damaged culvert, Castle Peak Road at 15th Mile; laying kerb, margins, turf and tar macadam, Cha Wan Kok-Tsing Lung Tau and Tai Lam Chung Bridge; laying 12′′ Chinese earthenware pipes and 12" cement concrete flat channel, Fanling Road; re-instating surface and tar painting roads at

Q 22

Taipo Market; re-instating surface and tarpainting road between Taipo Shui Wai and Lam Tsuen Village Bridge; widening and surfacing for heavy traffic road between Taipo Market Bridge and Taipo Railway Tunnel; filling in catchwater, laying cement concrete flat channel and re-instating road cdges, Taipo Road near Kowloon

Reservoir.

The following are particulars of the areas laid :-

Surface dressing (tarpaint)

Surface dressing (tartops)

New dry macadam surfacing

21" granolithic paving

New tarred macadam

Square yards. 34,022

152

16,715

1,078

6,225

A traffic census taken on some of the main roads during a twelve-hour period (8.00 a.m. to 8.00 p.m.) gave the following results which are shewn compared with the 1937 figures.

1937

Points where Census was taken

Cars &

Lorries

1938

Cars & Lorries

Motor

and

Motor and

Cycles

Buses

Cycles

Buses

Taipo Road at junction with Castle Peak Road..

223

156

291

209

Taipo Market

131

123

164

143

Fanling Cross Roads:-

Sha Tau Kok Road

40

69

69

97

Sheung Shui Road

54

75

83

123

Fanling Road to Golf Club

107

97

155

148

Un Long:-

To Sheung Shui side

73

181

129

252

To Castle Peak side

68

231

126

302

Castle Peak Road at Tsun Wan

226

220

369

386

Castle Peak Road at Prison

265

221

373

431

Expenditure

$69,939.89

96. Maintenance of Telephones:-Lines and instruments were maintained in good order. Repairs were carried out to submarine cable between Lantau and Cheung

Chau.

Expenditure

$4,353.47

97. Maintenance of Sewers, Nullahs, etc.:-Sewers, storm water drains, trained nullahs and concrete channels were cleansed, repaired, and maintained in good condition.

Expenditure

$453.50

98. Street Lighting:-The total number of electric street lamps in use at the end of the year was 63, an increase of 31 over the previous year.

Expenditure

$2,095.63

Q 23

99. Typhoon and Rainstorm Damage::-Work carried out consisted of the completion of the following repairs necessitated by the typhoon of 2nd September 1937: Taipo Police garages-re-building of a garage for four cars and the building of a garage for two cars and a small oil store.

The repairs of damage done to Sheun Wan Path during that typhoon were completed.

Telephone poles and lines and submarine cables, damaged by the same typhoon, were repaired.

Repairs were effected to Gap Rock Lighthouses landing. The reconstruction of Cheung Chau Beacon Light was completed.

Expenditure

$24,143.59

100. Maintenance of Village Water Supplies: (a) Tsun Wan: The total quantity of water supplied was 27.74 million gallons as compared with 23.34 million gallons for 1937, equivalent to an average daily consumption of 76,000 gallons. Details are given in Table XVIII.

There were thirteen public stand pipes and eleven fire hydrants in use at the close of the year.

Seventy-three house services were constructed, altered, or repaired.

(b) Fanling: The total quantity of water supplied was 14.68 million gallons compared with 12.32 million gallons in 1937, equivalent to an average consumption of 40,000 gallons per day. Details are given in Table XVIII.

There were five fire hydrants in use at the close of the year.

Twenty-seven house services were constructed, altered or repaired.

י

(c) Taipo: The total quantity of water supplied during the year was 43.22 million gallons as compared with 40.77 million gallons in 1937, equivalent to an average consumption of 118,000 gallons per day. Details are given in Table XVIII.

There were fifteen public stand pipes and twenty-four fire hydrants in use at the close of the year.

108 house services were constructed, altered or repaired.

(d) Un Long:-The total quantity of water supplied during the year was 20.34 million gallons as compared with 14.86 million gallons in 1937, equivalent to an average consumption of 56,000 gallons per day. Details are given in Table XVIII.

There were six public stand pipes and twelve fire hydrants in use at the close of the year.

Forty-six house services were constructed, altered or repaired.

Expenditure

$3,242.75

101. Water Meters:-137 meters excluding six check meters, were in use at the close of the year as follows:-

Taipo

Fanling

Tsun Wan

Un Long

Sixty-four meters were examined and repaired.

Expenditure

77 (66 in 1937)

30 (26 in 1937)

13 ( 6 in 1937)

17 ( 9 in 1937)

$318.27

102. Maintenance of Praya Walls and Piers:-Seawalls and piers were maintained in good condition. Repairs were carried out to Cheung Chau Island Pier, Lok Ma Chau Beacons and Ngan Chau Island measured mile posts.

Expenditure

$1,988.27

Q 24

PUBLIC WORKS EXTRAORDINARY.

The following is a summary of works carried out under this vote:-

HONG KONG.

BUILDINGS.

103. Central Government Store:-This work was referred to in paragraph 112 of last year's report.

The reinforced concrete pier (70 feet by 30 feet) was completed in August.

Working drawings for the Store buildings were commenced early in the year, but owing to pressure of other work little progress was made and they were not completed until the end of the year. Steelwork was ordered from England and arrived during the year.

Expenditure

$55,910.27

104. Central Magistracy-Alterations: This work consisted of extensive altera- tions to the top floor to provide a third court with Magistrate's office, witnesses' room and fines office, while separate accommodation was provided for the Probation Officer, with a room for juvenile offenders and waiting rooms. Alterations were carried out on the first floor to obtain additional office accommodation. On the ground floor, the entrance hall was relaid with cork flooring, and alterations were made to the fines office. The work was commenced in June and completed in September.

$17,220.01

Expenditure

105. Wongneichong Market: This work consisted of the erection of a single storey market of the open type in reinforced concrete, to provide twenty stalls, a poultry killing room and caretaker's quarters. The stalls were finished in terrazzo, and suitably fitted up for the use of butchers, fishmongers, poulterers and vegetable sellers. A contract was let to The Chung Lee Construction Co. on 14th June, and the work was satisfactorily completed on 11th October.

Expenditure

$19,221.56

106. Stanley Village-Two Latrines:-This work consisted of the erection of two public flush latrines, with accommodation in each for twelve males and six females. Septic tanks were provided for the treatment of the sewage. A contract was let to The Chung Lee Construction Co. on 23rd September, and the work was satisfactorily completed on 25th December.

Expenditure

$18,934.04

107. Tytam Village-Latrine:-Drawings were prepared and tenders obtained for a public flush latrine and septic tank, to provide accommodation for eight males and four females.. It was decided, however, not to proceed with the work.

Expenditure

Nil.

GENERAL WORKS.

108. Roads: Consequent upon the erection of new buildings, kerbing and channelling operations were executed on twenty-six roads. Footpaths were paved, scavenging lanes surfaced with cement concrete, roadway surfaced with tarasmac, and any necessary alterations in levels or alignment were carried out.

The Battery Path steps were re-constructed so as to give better alignment to Queen's Road.

Expenditure

$29,977.91

Q 25

109. Drainage (a) Training Nullahs: The Tung Lo Wan Main Road Nullah Bridge at Tai Hang Village was reconstructed, strengthened and extended. Varying lengths of parapet walling to open nullahs were constructed to a total length of 747 feet, principally at Tong Shui Road, North Point, and at Shaukiwan East.

Expenditure

$4,491.20

(b) Miscellaneous:-New sewers and storm water drains, varying from 45′′ to 6" in diameter, were constructed to a total length of 3,332 feet, principally at North Point adjacent to King's Road. The number of drain connections made was eighty- five.

Expenditure

$19,123.36

Government House-alteration

110. Miscellaneous:-Works carried out were: to paths and garden lay-out; Mountain Lodge-terrazzo garden table and sentry box; Mercantile Marine Office-two waterclosets; Stanley Gaol, Indians quarters-wood store; Chai Wan Cemetery-records office; Queen Mary Hospital-shelter for bus passengers; Radio Office, P. & O. Building-removal of counter, partitions and wireless masts; Colonial Secretary's Office-matshed roof; Central Fire Station Building-alterations to fume cupboard in the Government Analyst's Office and new partitions in the Secretariat for Chinese Affairs; Kennedy Road Revolver Range- re-surfacing in concrete.

Improvements and additions to the electrical installation were made in sixty-five buildings. Twenty-nine fans, twelve radiators, seven telephones and three bells were installed in twenty-eight buildings.

Expenditure

$20,068.49

111. Water Works-(a) New Meters:-164 new meters were issued from store.

$10,822.38

Expenditure

(b) Miscellaneous:—A chloronome (two pounds per hour) was installed at Bowen Road Filters.

The new Repulse Bay tank (vide paragraph 193 of 1937 report) was completed satisfactorily and put into use in April. 1,055 feet of 4" wrought iron main were laid to connect the tank to the Repulse Bay distribution system, and 1,587 feet of 2′′ wrought iron main were laid in Repulse Bay Road to the lots at the lower end of that road.

A new intake and screening chamber for the on the Aberdeen East catchwater, and 486 feet of connect the new intake to the existing pipe line. were recovered from the old intake.

Shouson Hill supply was formed 3′′ wrought iron main were laid to 818 feet of 3′′ wrought iron main

260 feet of 3" cast iron main in Peel Street, between Wellington Street and Gage Street, were disconnected and abandoned.

Expenditure

$9,731.06

112. Port Works:-The cost of cement testing and aggregate analyses, taking borings at Pottinger Street pier, erecting stakes at Staunton Creek and erecting handrails at Star Ferry pier were defrayed from this vote.

Expenditure

$1,931.02

COMMUNICATIONS.

113. Blue Pool Road-Section adjacent to Inland Lots 3685 and 3686:-This work was referred to in paragraph 119 of last year's report. Kerbing, channelling and surfacing to carriageway was undertaken during the year.

Expenditure

$9,826.30

Q 26

114. Electric Road-Raising levels (Bay View Police Station to Ah King's Slipway)-This work was referred to in paragraph 122 of last year's report. A further portion of Electric Road was improved and raised to approved levels between Bay View Police Station and Ah King's Slipway.

1,300 feet of 12" cast iron water main between Whitfield Market and Ah King's Slipway were raised to conform to the new road level.

Expenditure

$19,993.19

115. Macdonnell Road Bridge-Re-construction:-This work consisted of demolishing the existing bridge over the Peak Tramway at Macdonnell Road and constructing a new bridge in reinforced concrete, supported on granite columns. The contract was awarded to Messrs. Lam Woo & Co. in October. progressing satisfactorily at the end of the year.

Expenditure

$2,102.17

Work was

116. Island Road Strengthening Bridges:-Under this head No. 6 bridge, at the east end of Deep Water Bay, was demolished and replaced by a 72-inch circular concrete culvert. The work was carried out under the Maintenance contract.

Expenditure

$9,966.38

117. Bowen Road-widening between Garden Road and Bowen Road Tram Station: This work was carried out under the Maintenance contract.

Expenditure

$9,754.65

.118. Outpatients Department, Government Civil Hospital-Access Road:-It was decided not to proceed with this work.

Expenditure

Nil.

119. Chai Wan Cemetery Extension-Access Path:-A six-foot approach path to the Chai Wan Cemetery, with "rough" concrete finish, was formed under the Maintenance contract.

Expenditure

$780.62

MISCELLANEOUS.

120. Gardeners Quarters, Sookunpoo-Extension:-An addition, containing two rooms, was made to the existing building, and alterations to the kitchen and store. The work, which was carried out by Messrs. Kwan Hing Construction Co., was commenced on 14th October and satisfactorily completed on 24th November.

Expenditure

$1,380.00

121. Forestry Store, Kennedy Road-Flush Latrine: This work consisted of an addition to the existing flush latrine, with an approach path from the Forestry store. A contract was let to Messrs. Sang Lee & Co. on 22nd December, and work was commenced before the end of the year.

Expenditure

Nil.

122. Hing Wan Street Latrine, Wanchai-Conversion to Flush:—Alterations were made to the existing dry latrine, to convert it into a water carriage system of thirty-six stalls for males and nine stalls for females. The window openings were enlarged to provide increased light and ventilation. The work, which was carried out by Messrs. Chung Lee Construction Co., was commenced on 6th July and completed on 22nd October.

Expenditure

$4,851.37

>

Q 27

123. Belchers Street Latrine-Conversion to Flush:-This work consisted of alterations to the existing dry latrine, to convert it into a water carriage system of thirty-six stalls for males and nine stalls for females. The window openings were enlarged to provide increased light and ventilation. The work, which was carried out by Messrs. Chung Lee Construction Co. under a contract covering this and the Hing Wan Street latrine (vide preceding paragraph) was commenced on 6th July and completed on 22nd October.

Expenditure

$4,864.06

124. Colonial Cemetery-Laying out new areas: This work was referred to in paragraph 127 of last year's report. A further burial area was formed under the Maintenance contract.

Expenditure

$987.44

125. Chinese Cemeteries-Laying out new areas:-Works carried out under this head are covered by paragraph 40 of this report.

Expenditure

$6,805.25

126. Reinstatement of retaining walls:-A periodical inspection of all government retaining walls was carried out. A cement concrete wall was constructed at Wanchai Gap dump.

Expenditure

$1,505.49

127. Traffic Signs, etc.:-For motor traffic purposes, white guide lines were repainted, traffic road studs fixed and motor signs erected.

Expenditure

$2,973.61

128. Street Name Plates:-The yearly programme of fixing street name plates in the city and outside city districts was carried out.

Expenditure

$1,986.51

129. North Point Reclamation-Sewer Extension:-This work was referred to in paragraph 134 of last year's report. The amount of reclamation in this area did not warrant the extension of the existing sewers to new outfalls.

Expenditure

Nil.

130. Boat Street-Storm Water Drain:-This work was referred to in paragraph 135 of last year's report. Several small channels were extended for a length of 140 feet, a low lying area was filled in and minor works were carried out.

Expenditure

$708.64

131. Sing Woo and Blue Pool Roads-Training Nullahs, New Western Branch:- This work was referred to in paragraph 132 of last year's report. Subsidiary drains, varying from 12′′ to 6" in diameter, were constructed to a total length of 200 feet, together with contingent works.

Expenditure

$7,318.55

132. Stanley Village-Sewers:-No work was done under this head as the sewers cannot be laid until a considerable number of resumptions of privately owned land have been effected.

Expenditure

Nil.

133. Stanley Village-Storm Water Drains:-No work was done under this head as storm water drains cannot be laid until a considerable number of resumptions of privately owned land have been effected.

Expenditure

Nil.

叁

Q 28

134. Jubilee Street Pier-Covered Entrance:-This work, which was completed on 4th September 1937, was referred to in paragraph 125 of last year's report. Payment of retention money, amounting to $1,000, was made to the contractor on the expiration of the maintenance period of six months.

Expenditure

$1,000.00

135. Wongneichong Development: A contract for the construction of the main nullah between Blue Pool and Tai Hang Roads was let on the 13th June. Work commenced on the 6th August, and by the end of the year 475 feet of invert, 475 feet of nullah walling, and 150 feet of reinforced concrete arching had been completed.

Expenditure

$19,700.50

136. Chai Wan Cemetery Extension-Development:-Work proceeded on the formation of this cemetery, and the usual pathways, terracing, and channelling were constructed.

Expenditure

$5,980.61

137. Fence at Glenealy:-This work, which consisted of the erection of a wrought iron railing, was completed on 30th November.

Expenditure

$1,150.00

138. Rewiring of Government Buildings:-The following sixteen buildings were rewired :-Mountain Lodge; No. 410 The Peak; Nos. 7-14 Ventris Road; Elliot Filter Bed quarters; Police Headquarters flats and single men's quarters; Shaukiwan Police Station; Government Civil Hospital out-patients' department; Second Street bath house; Second Street latrine; Bullock Lane bath house; Spring Garden Lane latrine; Water Street latrine; Sai Wan Ho latrine; Pottinger Street latrine; D'Aguilar Street latrine; Staunton and Aberdeen Street latrines. Total number of points, 1,053.

Expenditure

$7,372.29

139. Colonial Secretariat-Private Telephone System:-A complete intercom- munication telephone system was installed.

Expenditure

$1,814.81

140. Outpatients' Department, Government Civil Hospital-Improvement to Ventilation: This work, which consisted of the installation of nine Robertson's patent ventilators, was carried out by Messrs. Davie Boag & Co., and was completed

in June.

Expenditure

WATER WORKS.

$2,650.00

141. Back Lane Service Pipes:-Twenty-two new or extended services were installed. This involved the laying of 4,090 feet of 2" and 169 feet of 14" wrought iron piping. Ninety new house services were connected to these and existing subsidiary mains.

Expenditure

$2,792.16

142. Stanley Supply: A third Paterson pressure filter shell, identical with the two shells previously installed in 1936 (vide paragraph 143 of 1936 report), was erected in the filter house. The total capacity of the filter plant is now 288,000 gallons per twenty-four hours.

Expenditure

$5,999.98

Q 29

PORT WORKS.

143. North Point-Reclamation Extension:-This work was referred to in paragraph 141 of last year's report. No work was carried out during the year with the exception of the supervision of the placing of free deposits of filling material. The only large item of expenditure was payment of $3,000 retention money to The Ching Hing Construction Co.

Expenditure

$3,443.64

144. Kennedy Town-Construction of Sea Wall and Cattle Pier:-This work was referred to in paragraph 143 of last year's report. No work was carried out during the year with the exception of the supervision of the placing of free deposits of filling

material.

Expenditure

BUILDINGS ORDINANCE.

$280.00

145. Compensation and Resumptions:-Minor street widening and resumptions in connection with development schemes were effected.

Expenditure

$7,187.40

ANTI-MALARIAL WORKS.

146. Anti-Malarial Works:-Work was completed during July in the area between the two reservoirs at Aberdeen. The length of main channel trained was 1,603 feet, varying in diameter from 30" to 18". Work under the contract covering an area at Pokfulam, between the Queen Mary Hospital and Sandy Bay, was continued. 4,953 feet of channel were trained in this area, varying in diameter from 45" to 12". Reference to these two works was made in paragraph 146 of last year's report.

Expenditure

KOWLOON.

BUILDINGS.

$47,608.30

147. New Mental Hospital:-It was decided not to proceed with this work.

Expenditure

Nil:

148. New Ward Block D, Kowloon Hospital:-It was decided not to proceed with this work, and the only expenditure incurred was in connection with site

survey.

Expenditure

$105.23

149. Coal Bins, Yaumati Slipway:-It was not possible to proceed with this work, but drawings were in course of preparation towards the end of the year.

Expenditure

GENERAL WORKS.

Nil.

150. Roads:-Works carried out under this head included the kerbing and channelling of portions of eleven roads. Footpaths were paved with granolithic paving and the necessary improvements made in front of new buildings erected during the year.

30

The 6" water main in Pak Tai Street was lowered to conform to new road levels. This involved the laying of 320 feet of 6" and the removal of 290 feet of 6" cast

iron main.

Expenditure

$29,993.89

151. Drainage (a) Training Nullahs: New cement concrete inverting was laid to a length of 560 feet in Argyle Street nullah.

Expenditure

$824.51

(b) Miscellaneous: New sewers and storm water drains, varying from 87" to 6" in diameter, were constructed to a total length of 6,185 feet. The number of drain connections made was 127.

Expenditure

$33,957.20

152. Miscellaneous:-The following works were carried out :-Kowloon Hospital -surfacing to roads, and new notice boards; Royal Observatory-renewal of roof to thermometer shed; Ma Tau Kok Depot-renewal of bamboo fence; old Kowloon Magistracy-fencing and internal alterations for housing refugees.

Improvements and additions to the electrical installation were carried out in twelve buildings. One telephone switchboard was installed in the charge room at the Water Police Station.

Expenditure

$4,677.43

153. Water Works-(a) New Meters:-369 new meters were issued from store.

$23,788.74

Expenditure

(b) Miscellaneous: Works carried out under this head were:-42 feet of 8′′ and 1,128 feet of 6" cast iron and 468 feet of 4" wrought iron temporary mains were laid on the Kai Tak Bund; 110 feet of 4" spun iron and 71 feet of 6" spun iron mains were laid in Observatory Road and Ching Lung Street (near Ping Street) respectively, replacing old 2′′ mains; new mains were laid in Fir Street (96 feet, 5′′ spun iron), Tong Mei Road (80 feet, 5′′ spun iron), Braga Circuit, K.I.L. 2657 (400 feet, 4′′ spun iron and 290 feet, 3′′ wrought iron), Hi Lung Lane, from Shanghai Street to Temple Street (160 feet, 4′′ spun iron), and Ping Street, near Ching Lung Street (256 feet, 2′′ wrought iron).

468 feet of 6" cast iron temporary main were removed from Kai Tak Bund. 456 feet of 1′′ wrought iron piping were laid for a temporary full supply from the 24′′ Shing Mun main in Nathan Road to the Kwong Wah Hospital.

Seventeen new chlorine cylinders were purchased.

Expenditure

$5,738.51

154. Port Works:-The cost of taking borings at Kowloon Point and supplying mooring rings at Yaumati Slipway were defrayed from this vote.

Expenditure

$318.35

MISCELLANEOUS.

155. Ma Tau Kok Slaughter House-Resurfacing Compound: This work consisted of taking up the old lime and cement surface, re-grading the area and laying a cement concrete surface including channels. The work, which was carried out in sections to cause as little inconvenience as possible, was commenced in April and completed in June.

Expenditure

J

$5,197.96

Q 31

156. Royal Observatory-Flat concrete roof:-This work consisted of the erection of a superstructure in brick with a flat concrete roof, and access stairs on the roof of the existing building to accommodate an anemometer. The work was commenced in October and completed in November.

Expenditure

$2,436.24

157. Kowloon Hospital-Air conditioning of Operating Theatre:-This work consisted of the installation of air cooled compressors with the necessary electric motors, fans and piping. A minor alteration to the building was made to accommodate the plant. The equipment was supplied and installed by The Jardine Engineering Corporation, Ltd., and the work was satisfactorily completed in September.

Expenditure

$6,365.04

158. Chinese Cemeteries-Laying out New Areas:-Work carried out under this head is covered by paragraph 40 of this report.

Expenditure

$809.59

159. Street Name Plates:-The yearly programme of fixing street name plates in Kowloon district was carried out.

Expenditure

$1,994.25

160. Installation of Electric Light for the S.E. Drive from the Mortuary to the Kowloon Hospital:-Five lamp standards were installed.

Expenditure

WATER WORKS.

$1,145.72

:

161. Back Lane Service Pipes:-During the year twenty five new or extended services were put in. This involved the laying of 2,315 feet of 2" and 420 feet of 11 wrought iron piping. 172 new house services and 246 existing services were connected to these and existing subsidiary mains.

Expenditure

BUILDINGS ORDINANCE,

$4,295.17

162. Compensation & Resumptions:-Compensation amounting to $18,190 was paid to the Roman Catholic Mission Authorities in connection with the removal of the Roman Catholic Cemetery at Ho Mun Tin. Only one other minor resumption was effected.

Expenditure

$18,234.50

163. Anti-Malarial Works:-No work was carried out under this head.

Expenditure

NEW KOWLOON.

Nil.

BUILDINGS.

164. New Kowloon Cemetery No. 7-Quarters, Storeroom, etc., for Sextons This work consisted of the erection of a one storey building in brick, with a flat concrete roof, containing two living rooms, dormitory, storeroom, kitchens, baths and latrines for married and single sextons. The contract was let to Messrs. Cheong Hing on 29th August and the work was satisfactorily completed on 15th December.

Expenditure

$7,704.70

Q 32

GENERAL WORKS.

165. Roads:-Works completed under this head included the macadamizing, kerbing, channelling and laying to approved levels of portions of twenty roads. Footpaths were paved with granolithic paving and the necessary improvements made in front of the buildings erected during the year.

Expenditure

$39,996.17

166. Drainage (a) Training Nullahs:-An open drainage cut, from 42" to 36′′ in width, to receive storm water inverts, was excavated to depths varying between 40 feet and 5 feet for a length of 977 feet on the future line of Po On Road, between Tonkin Street and Kowloon Road, and was finished with a cement concrete apron. A temporary catch-basin and spillway was constructed at the south eastern end, and Tonkin Street nullah was partially extended for a distance of sixty-three feet.

Expenditure

$7,890.58

(b) Miscellaneous:-New sewers and storm water drains, varying from 39" to 6" in diameter, were constructed to a total length of 3,661 feet. The number of drain connections made was thirty-seven. In addition, the invert half of storm water drains varying in diameter from 42" to 36" was laid for a total distance of 977 feet.

Expenditure

$26,442.16

167. Miscellaneous:-The following works were carried out :-Lai Chi Kok Hospital-racks and shelves in dispensary and stores; improvements and additions to electrical installations in four buildings, and other minor works.

Expenditure

$1,143.86

168. Water Works:-680 feet of new 6" cast iron main were laid in Pei Ho Street, from Apliu Street to Fook Wing Street; 650 feet in Kweilin Street, between Apliu Street and Fook Wing Street; 77 feet in Wing Lun Street. 150 feet of 4′′ spun iron main were laid in Sai Kung Road, near Kowloon City Police Station, replacing old 2" main. 20 feet of 2" and 627 feet of 1" wrought iron main were laid in Ta Tit Street, Kowloon City, replacing old 14" and "main. 6" cast iron main were removed from Un Chau Street.

Thirty-three new chlorine cylinders were purchased.

Expenditure

$3,852.55

2,640 feet of

169. Port Works:-The cost of supplying and fixing bollards at Kai Tak was defrayed from this vote.

Expenditure

COMMUNICATIONS.

$332.34

170. Taipo Road-3rd to 5th Mile, Improvements:-This work, which was referred to in paragraph 166 of last year's report, was completed in April, 1938.

Expenditure

$5,742.39

171. Custom Pass Road Widening:-This work, which was referred to in paragraph 167 of last year's report, was completed in March, 1938.

Expenditure

$22,998.24

172. Castle Peak Road Improvement between Kom Tsun Street and Lai Chi Kok Pass: The work of improving the existing surfacing and super-elevating bends was carried out under the Maintenance contract.

Expenditure

$9,992.60

Q 33

173. Chinese Cemeteries-Laying out New Areas:-Work carried out under this head is covered by paragraph 40 of this report.

Expenditure

$1,669.16

174. Aerodrome--Runway:-No work was done under this head.

Expenditure

... Nil.

175. Recreation Grounds: A contract for the formation of a sports ground north of Boundary Street, Kowloon, for the Police Force was awarded to Messrs. Cheong Hing in March. The ground was completed and opened for play by H.E. the Governor on the 19th October.

New storm water drains varying from 36" to 30" in diameter were constructed to a total length of 756 feet.

Expenditure

$27,084.73

176. Repairs to Sea Wall and Road at Lai Chi Kok:-This work was referred to in paragraph 203 of last year's report. Good progress was recorded and all work to the sea-wall was completed in July.

The road leading to Lai Chi Kok bathing beach was kerbed and channelled, and laid with bottoming and tar macadain surfacing.

Expenditure

$44,600.75

177. New Kowloon Cemetery No. 7:-The work carried out under this head consisted of the formation of terraces and access paths, and the draining of a new section of the cemetery.

Expenditure

$34,414.12

178. Street Name Plates:-The yearly programme of fixing street name plates in New Kowloon district was continued.

Expenditure

WATER WORKS.

$984.38

179. Back Lane Service Pipes:-During the year twenty-seven new or extended services were put in. This involved the laying of 2,022 feet of 2′′ and 229 feet of 12′′ wrought iron piping.

Fifty-nine new house services and sixty existing services were connected to these and existing subsidiary mains.

Expenditure

PORT WORKS.

$3,336.79

180. Kun Tong-Refuse Dump:-This work was referred to in paragraph 177 of last year's report. No construction work was carried out during the year. Approximately 5,697 cubic yards of dredging were spread over the refuse dump to form a seal. The area sealed at the end of the year was approximately ten acres.

Expenditure

BUILDINGS ORDINANCE.

$3,998.97

181. Compensation & Resumptions:-Minor resumptions were carried out in connection with the development of the district in accordance with the approved town planning scheme.

Expenditure

$1,167.85

Q 34

ANTI-MALARIAL WORKS.

182. Anti-Malarial Works:-Work on training the stream-course west of New Kowloon Inland Lot No. 1969 at Ngau Chi Wan was continued from the year 1937. A length of 281 feet of 36" diameter channel was completed. Channels of 18" and 15" diameter were laid for a length of 654 feet. Subsoil drains, varying in diameter from 15" to 3", were laid to a total length of 2,162 feet. Filling amounting to 1,570 cubic yards was deposited.

Expenditure

NEW TERRITORIES.

$6,559.36

BUILDINGS.

183. Tsun Wan Market-Latrine: In paragraph 191 of last year's report this work was reported as having been completed on 29th December, 1937. The final payment only was made during 1938.

Expenditure

$2,612.45

GENERAL WORKS.

184. Roads:-The following works were carried out :-Eight car parks were formed or extended on the Castle Peak Road; channelling, margins and 4" tar macadam were laid at Un Long; cement concrete and 4" macadam, tarpainted, were laid on the Un Long Main Road.

Expenditure

$9,951.17

185. Drainage (a) Training Nullahs:-A new concrete invert, for a length of 370 feet, and concrete walling were constructed at Un Long nullah.

Expenditure

$4,873.17

Miscellaneous: New sewers and storm water drains, varying in diameter from 9" to 6", were constructed to a total length of 446 feet. The number of drain connections made was sixteen.

Expenditure

$2,181.44

186. Miscellaneous: The following works were carried out :-Au Tau Police Station-matshed garages; Shing Mun Police Station-renewal of flagstaff; Taipo Land Office-concrete steps and partition; Green Island European quarters-washing boiler, and other minor works. Improvements and additions to electrical installations were carried out in four buildings.

Expenditure

$2,280.31

187. Water Works:-1,300 feet of 3′′ wrought iron main were laid from Un Long in the direction of Au Tau, and 105 feet of 2" in Market Street, Tsun Wan.

Expenditure

COMMUNICATIONS.

$2,083.26

188. Tsun Wan Market Road:-This work, which consisted of the surfacing of certain roads in the vicinity of Tsun Wan Market, was carried out under the Maintenance contract and was satisfactorily completed by the end of the year.

Expenditure

$6,661.26

Q 35

189. Ha Tsuen Road:-No work was carried out under this head.

Expenditure

Nil.

190. Bridges Strengthening:-This work, which was referred to in paragraph 190 of last year's report, was continued. Good progress was made during the year.

Expenditure

$49,946.29

191. Castle Peak Road North of T.W.M.L. 8-Realigning, regrading and surfacing-No work was done under this head.

Expenditure

WATER WORKS.

Nil.

192. Back Lane Service Pipes: The following work was carried out :-58 feet of 14′′ wrought iron piping were laid in Taipo Road, Taipo Market, and 20 feet of 11 wrought iron piping in Kam Shan, Taipo Market. Two new services were connected to the back lane pipes in Taipo and Taipo Market.

Expenditure.

BUILDINGS ORDINANCE.

$55.72

193. Compensation and Resumptions:-Resumptions were carried out by the District Officers, North and South, in connection with the Sheung Shui-Muk Fu Ferry Road, the improvement of Castle Peak Road and the provision of additional car parks, and anti-malarial works on the Shing Mun Valley Water Works Scheme.

Expenditure

ANTI-MALARIAL WORKS.

$4,541.38

194. Anti-Marlarial Works:-No work was carried out under this head.

Expenditure

Nil.

Q 36

Works Not Appearing in Estimates.

195. Queen Mary Hospital:-This work was referred to in paragraph 109 of last year's report. The expenditure incurred in 1938 was for payment of outstanding Crown Agents' charges in connection with the supply of cooking apparatus and lift equipment.

Expenditure

Expenditure to 31st Dec., 1938

$20,296.54

$3,748,509.51

196. Queen Mary Hospital-Additions:-This work consisted of surfacing and fencing three hard tennis courts, the erection of a potting shed and provision of flower pots, fly-proofing the kitchen wing and isolation block in the main building and the kitchens in the sisters' quarters, and the conversion of a small room into a drying room. The work was completed early in December.

Expenditure

$8,472.80

197. Conversion of Victoria Hospital into Quarters:-The hospital block was converted into three flats of five rooms and one flat of four rooms. The nursing staff quarters adjoining the hospital were converted into two semi-detached houses. Quarters for servants were provided for each flat and house. The work which consisted of extensive alterations and additions was commenced in March and completed in August.

Expenditure

$66,527.16

198. Temporary Wards at the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kennedy Town:- This work consisted of the erection of three ward blocks of one storey, each containing accommodation for ten patients. A separate lavatory block was provided, and a covered way connecting the new buildings to the hospital. The contract was let to Messrs. Concrete Products, Ltd., on 1st April and the work, which was urgently required, was completed on 12th April.

Expenditure

$9,008.07

199. Kennedy Town Hospital-Disinfector:-A small building is to be erected to accommodate a steam disinfector, which was removed from the old Victoria Gaol. The necessary repairs to the disinfector were being carried out by the Taikoo Dockyard & Engineering Co. at the end of the year, but building work had not commenced.

Expenditure

$253.09

200. Leper Settlement, Kennedy Town-New Fence:-This work, which consisted of the erection of a barbed wire fence round the Settlement, was commenced in November and completed in December.

Expenditure

$1,077.11

201. Tsan Yuk Hospital-Additions:--A storey is being added to the end wings of the existing building, at the second floor level, to provide additional accommodation for the nursing staff. The contract was let to Messrs. Kwan Hing Construction Co. on 12th December and the work was immediately commenced.

Expenditure

Nil.

were effected to the

202. Police Headquarters-Alterations:-Alterations Revenue and Expenditure branches. These comprised the removal of partitions and the removal and re-erection of counters; also the renovation of rooms, previously occupied by the Special Branch, to render them suitable as married quarters,

Q 37

including the removal of arms cages and shelves, erection of partitions and the installation of gas and sanitary fittings. The work was commenced in August and completed in October.

Expenditure

$3,892.50

203. Supreme Court-Alterations:-This work consisted of the conversion of the third court into an office and filing room, and comprised the removal of a dais, fixed benches and radiators. The work was commenced in June and completed in August.

$3,166.45

Expenditure

204. Chung Tin Building:-Offices in this building were leased to accommodate the Passport Office and Police Special Branch. The work consisted of the provision of a counter, shelving and notice-boards.

Expenditure

$3,770.48

205. Conversion of buildings in Arsenal Yard into Workshops:-Alterations were made to various buildings to convert them into workshops, with offices, to accommodate the P.W.D. Electrical Sub-Department, and the Furniture Department under the Controller of Stores. The work was carried out under the Maintenance of Buildings contract and was completed in July.

Expenditure

$23,951.15

206. Demolition of Buildings at Arsenal Street:-This work consisted of the demolition of two buildings in Arsenal Yard, and the adjoining old building used as a workshop by the P.W.D. Electrical Office, to allow of the re-alignment of Queen's Road. The work, which was carried out in stages and included the re-erection of a portion of the boundary wall, was commenced in May and completed in August. The contractors were Messrs. Tak Hing & Co., from whom a credit of $6,300 was received for the old materials.

207. Reconstruction of King Shan Wharf and Alterations to Fire Float Pier:- This contract was let to Messrs. Chung Lee & Co. in September. By the end of the year the new King Shan Wharf had been constructed, and work on the Fire Float Pier had been commenced.

Expenditure

$11,160.21

208. New Police Sub-station, Wanchai Gap:-Sketch plans were prepared for a building in brick, with a flat concrete roof, containing an office, dormitory, bedrooms, mess room, kitchens, baths, lavatories and store room, to accommodate one European officer and eighteen Indian Police. The working drawings and specification were completed and the bills of quantities were in course of preparation at the end of the

year.

Expenditure

Nil.

209. Blue Pool Estate-Sewers and Nullahs:-No expenditure was incurred during the year, all expenses for work executed being charged against Head 34, P.W.E. Sub-head 33, Wongneichong Development.

210. Four Garages under Borrett Road Bridge:-This work consisted of the construction of four garages and a store-room under the road bridge at the junction of Bowen Road and Borrett Road. The contract was awarded to Messrs. Cheong Hing & Co.

Work commenced in August and was satisfactorily completed before the end of the year.

Expenditure

$3,224.40

211. Praya East Reclamation:-The re-alignment of Queen's Road East and Hennessy Road at Arsenal Street junction was put in hand.

The work of re-aligning water mains at this junction was completed. 122 feet of old 10′′ cast iron main were recovered from Arsenal Street.

38

New Sewers and storm water drains, varying from 21" to 9" in diameter, were constructed to a total length of 1,921 feet, together with contingent works.

Expenditure

$34,190.96

212. Refugee Camp, North Point:-To accommodate destitute refugees from the war zone in the neighbouring provinces of China a number of camps were erected. The camp at North Point consisted of twenty-six huts, 123' x 18', of timber construction with concrete floors, except the kitchen which has brick walls, together with drainage, channels, water and fire services, roads and a boundary fence. Accommodation was provided for 1,512 persons in twenty-one sleeping huts, one dining hut, one kitchen with store and office, two sanitary blocks containing latrines and ablution accommodation for males and females and including a wash house, one hut containing a baggage room, crêche, and quarters for the camp Overseer, and a small hut for watchmen. The contract for the huts was let to Messrs. Cheong Hing Co. on 30th September and the work was satisfactorily completed on 28th November. In addition, a hut of similar construction was erected at the expense of the Emergency Refugee Council in connection with welfare work.

The work of surfacing portion of Kam Hong Road and Marble Road to provide access to the camp was carried out under the maintenance contract.

Three sewer and one storm water drain connections were made to the existing drainage in Marble Road and King's Road. 998 feet of 6" cast iron water main were laid in Marble Road. Inside water service piping, and 187 electric lights, and eleven light and power sockets were installed.

Expenditure

$125,063.64

213. Water Works-Waste Detection, Hong Kong:-The following works were carried out to facilitate night testing

(a) Main Laying-General :-352 feet of 8" cast iron main were laid in Water Street (northwards from Queen's Road), 483 feet of 6" in Fleming Road, East side (from Hennessy Road to Gloucester Road), 192 feet of 6" in Water Street (southwards from Connaught Road), and 350 feet of 2" wrought iron mains to Ching Lin Terrace from Pokfulam Road; 208 feet of 8" cast iron main were laid in Pottinger Street (northwards from Des Voeux Road), 66 feet of 8" in Percival Street (northwards from Hennessy Road), 600 feet of 6" in Whitty Street (from Queen's Road to Connaught Road), replacing old 6", 6" and 4" mains respectively; 191 feet of 3′′ wrought iron main and 100 feet of 2" were laid to Leighton Hill quarters from Wongneichong Road, replacing old 2′′ main.

(b) Other Works: Waste Detection Area No. 4:-300 feet of 3" cast iron main were removed from Eastern Street, between First and Third Streets, and the mains in First and Second Streets were connected to the 10" main in Eastern Street.

The mains in Kwong Fung Lane, Water Street, Western Street, and Centre Street were disconnected from the 12" main in Queen's Road, and the 3" main in Hill Road was disconnected from the 14′′ main in Pokfulam Road.

Alterations were carried out to various sub-mains and house service connections.

Waste Detection Area No. 11:-The 12′′ and 10′′ cast iron mains in Queen's Road at Garden Road were re-aligned and the sluice valve re-sited. A new 12" sluice valve was fixed on the 15" main in Queen's Road, east of Zetland Street.

Waste Detection Area No. 19:-A 3" "Deacon" waste detection meter was fixed at the junction of Kotewall and Conduit Roads.

(c) General :-Twenty "Deacon" waste detection meters and one "Sharman' main finder were obtained on Indent through the Crown Agents.

,,

Expenditure

$13,868.15

I

Q 39

214. Resumption of Marine Lot No. 290:-Compensation amounting to $30,000 was paid in respect of the surrender of Marine Lot No. 290 and the buildings thereon, which formed the premises of the Royal Hong Kong Yacht Club.

Expenditure

$30,000.00

215. Wireless Telegraph Station, Hung Hom:-This work was reported as completed in paragraph 237 of last year's report. It was decided that the expenditure should be met from Revenue instead of Loan Funds.

Expenditure

$44,144.57

216. Temporary Isolation Block, Kowloon Hospital:-A building of one storey, with verandah, was erected, containing one double and four single bed wards, duty room, kitchen, linen store and sanitary accommodation. The contract was let to Messrs. Yee Lee & Co. on 22nd September and the work was satisfactorily completed on 22nd December.

Expenditure

$2,377.93

217. Refugee Camp, King's Park:-This work was of a similar nature to that carried out at the North Point Camp as described in paragraph 212 of this report. It consisted of the erection of twenty-four huts with accommodation for 1,368 persons. The contract was let to Messrs. Cheong Hing Co. on, 30th September and the work was satisfactorily completed on 28th November. In addition, a hut was erected at the expense of the Emergency Refugee Council in connection with welfare work.

A water supply was given to the camp. This involved the laying of 697 feet of 4′′ wrought iron main and 15 feet of 4" spun iron main. Four underground fire hydrants were connected to the mains. The inside water service and 169 electric light points and nine light and power wall sockets were installed.

Expenditure

$105,286.09

218. Refugee Camp, Ma Tau Chung:-This work consisted of the erection of thirty-seven huts to provide accommodation for 2,016 persons. The work was of a similar nature and construction as that described in the preceding paragraph, but the camp contains twenty-eight sleeping huts, two dining huts, two kitchens, four sanitary blocks, one hut containing a baggage room, crêche, and quarters for the camp overseer, and three small huts for watchmen. The contract was let to Messrs. Yee Lee & Co. on 3rd October and the work was satisfactorily completed on 1st. December. It was subsequently decided to utilize the north portion of the camp for the accommodation of interned Chinese soldiers, and additional fencing was erected, together with watch towers and a hut to accommodate the guards, with a kitchen and latrines.

A

The Roads leading to the camp were kerbed, channelled, macadamized and tar- painted. New sewers and storm water drains, varying in diameter from 15′′ to 9′′, were constructed to a total length of 1,875 feet to give connections to the camp. water supply was provided, which involved the laying of 445 feet of 4′′

spun iron main and 1,085 feet of 4" wrought iron main. Five underground fire hydrants were connected to the mains, and the inside water service was installed and connected to twelve storage tanks. 245 electric light points and fourteen electric light and power wall sockets were installed.

Expenditure

$231,172.10

219. Argyle Street Extension:-A contract was let to Messrs. Tak Hing & Co. in November for the work of widening the portion of Argyle Street between K.I.L. 3303 and Leven Road, and extending the portion between Leven Road and Ma Tau Chung Road, together with all contingent works. Satisfactory progress was made by the end of the year.

Expenditure

$4,713.63

3

Q 40

220. Water Works-Waste Detection, Kowloon:-The following alterations were carried out to the distribution system: 363 feet of 4′′ cast iron main were laid in Yim Po Fong Street, 84 feet in Pak Po Street, 83 feet in Soy Street; 32 feet of 2′′ wrought iron piping were laid in Fife Street between Nathan Road and Portland Street. Alterations of back lane connections to new mains involved the removal or abandoning of 982 feet of 2′′ wrought iron piping.

Expenditure

$4,378.46

221. Lai Chi Kok, Relief Hospital:—Six lower blocks of the former Lai Chi Kok Gaol were converted into a relief hospital. The work comprised alterations to the subsidiary buildings, removal of barbed wire fencing, erection of partitions, reconstruction of kitchens and provision of shelves and internal fittings. The existing quarters were sub-divided by the erection of partitions to provide accommodation for the nursing staff. The work was completed in May.

Expenditure

$6,461.22

222. Lai Chi Kok, Infectious Diseases Hospital:-Five upper blocks and subsidiary buildings of the former Lai Chi Kok Gaol were converted to provide accommodation for cholera cases. The work comprised the erection of partitions, sanitary blocks, reconstruction of kitchens, fly proofing the buildings, the provision of duty rooms, dispensary, mortuary, laundry, linen store, shelving and internal fittings. One of the blocks was converted into quarters for the nursing staff, amahs, ward boys and coolies. The work was completed in July.

The approach road to the hospital was formed, surfaced with cement concrete, channelled, and the slopes turfed. Ninety-eight electric light points, thirty-four wall sockets and four ceiling fans were installed.

Expenditure

$23,231.87

223. Kowloon Tong Flushing Supply:-The following work was carried out under this head: Thirty six feet of 6" cast iron main were laid near the pumping station to provide a washout to the system. 650 feet of 14" wrought iron piping were laid in Cornwall Street from Kent Road to Devon Road back lane. One 6" check meter was fixed. Two additional services were fixed.

224. Concrete Surfacing for Road to Smuggler's Gap:-This work, which was referred to in paragraph 229 of last year's report, was completed in January.

225. Improvement of The Road to Sha Tin Pass:-This work, which was referred to in paragraph 220 of last year's report, was completed in July.

226. Construction of a Nullah Training at Shek Kong:-

(a) Construction of the Upper and Lower Sections of Pat Heung Nullah:-This work, which was referred to in paragraph 225 (c) of last year's report, was completed on 31st March.

(b) Construction of the Outfall Section of Pat Heung Nullah:-Under an extension of the contract this work was commenced on the 1st April and completed on the 31st December.

227. Widening and surfacing to a width of 20 feet the existing Police Patrol Path from Sheung Shui to Muk Fu Ferry:-The work, which was referred to in paragraph 201 of last year's report, was completed in September.

Expenditure

$103,420.33

228. Field Cookhouses, Latrines, Bathhouses and barbed wire barricades on the Frontier:-It was decided to post Police at additional points on the frontier, and this work, which consisted of the erection of temporary structures, was completed in January.

Expenditure

$7,338.34

i

:

Q 41

229. Drainage Extensions, Connections:-Various minor extensions and connec- tions to both sewers and storm water drains were carried out at applicants' expense in Hong Kong, Kowloon and New Kowloon.

LOAN WORKS.

NEW GAOL AT STANLEY.

230. Gaol Buildings:-This work was referred to in paragraph 234 of last year's report. The final consignment of locks arrived from England in July and the whole of the work was completed by the following month.

Additional European Staff Quarters:-The work, which was referred to in paragraph 234 of last year's report, was satisfactorily completed in January.

Expenditure

Expenditure to 31st Dec., 1938

AIR PORT.

... $55,884.16 $3,912,971.41

231. Major Repairs to Nullahs at Kai Tak Airport:-This work was reported as completed in paragraph 240 of last year's report. The only expenditure in 1938 was the payment of retention money which became due on the expiration of the maintenance period.

232. Surfacing of Sai Kung Road at Flight Gap:-This work, which was referred to in paragraph 242 (b) of last year's report, was completed in May.

233. Construction of Temporary Terminal Building at Kai Tak Airport:-This work consisted of the erection of a wooden building 52′ – 6′′ × 32′ – 8′′, and a wooden covered way 120'-0" long by 6'-0" wide leading from the landing pier to the building. The contract was let to Messrs. Chung Lee & Co. in July and all work was completed in September.

Expenditure on Air Port

Expenditure on Air Port to 31st Dec., 1938

NEW CENTRAL MARKET,

$20,987.36 $753,442.34

234. This work was referred to in paragraph 236 of last year's report. The contract for the piling of the foundations was completed on 21st March. A contract for the building was let to Messrs. Tak Hing & Co. on 25th March.

Contracts were

also let to The Texas Co. (China) Ltd. for the asphaltic roofing, and to the Hong Kong Metal Window Manufacturing Co. for the metal windows. By the end of the year the reinforced concrete frame of the superstructure was completed, and work was well advanced on the erection of the stalls, the application of the terrazzo wall finishings, the fixing of windows, drainage work, the inside water service piping, and electrical installations. Several sewer and storm water connections were completed.

Expenditure

Expenditure to 31st Dec., 1938

WHOLESALE MARKET.

$545,301.90 $580,142.63

235. The completion of this market on the reclamation at Kennedy Town, for the wholesale trade in fresh and salt water fish and vegetables, was reported in paragraph 235 of last year's report. The retention money was the only payment

made in 1938.

Expenditure

Expenditure, to 31st Dec., 1938

$14,873.15 $200,511.33

I

Q 42

WATER WORKS.

236. Supply to Albany:-This work was referred to in paragraph 211 of last year's report.

(1) Pumping Station: After consideration of the tenders received last year, the installation of three sets, with provision for a fourth set, of centrifugal pumps, driven by direct coupled electric motors, was decided upon. An order was placed through the Crown Agents with Messrs. W.H. Allen & Co. at a cost of £1,604.13.0. f.o.b. The whole of the plant arrived in December.

A contract for the building was let in September to Messrs. Hoo Cheong & Co. for $7,425.35. By the end of the year construction was sufficiently completed to allow erection of the machinery to be commenced.

(2) Pipe Lines: Tenders for the supply of 21" and 24" diameter mild steel pipes and specials were called for locally and through the Crown Agents. The order, amounting to £1,683.9.0, was placed locally with Messrs. The Hume Pipe (Far East) Ltd. Pipe laying on the 24" main from the Gardens Service Reservoir to the pumping station, and on the 21′′ main from there to the gauge basin of the new pumping station at Albany, was commenced in June and completed in August. Sluice valves for the pipe lines, which were supplied through the Crown Agents by Messrs. Glenfield and Kennedy at a cost of £84.16.0. f.o.b., arrived in the Colony in November.

Expenditure

Expenditure to 31st Dec., 1938

$79,019.99

$80,541.18

237. Supply to Peak Road:-This work was referred to in paragraph 212 of last year's report.

(1) Pumping Station: After consideration of the tenders received last year, the installation of three sets, with provision for a fourth set of centrifugal pumps, driven by direct coupled electric motors, was decided upon. An order was placed through the Crown Agents with Messrs. W.H. Allen & Co. at a cost of £997.10.0. f.o.b. The whole of the plant arrived in December.

The building was designed to include a gauge basin for the delivery, from the lower (Garden Road) pumping station into Albany service reservoir, the supply for the Peak Road service reservoir being taken from this gauge basin. A contract for the building was let in August to Messrs. Lam Woo & Co. for $8,445.21 and construction was well advanced by the end of the year.

(2) Pipe Line: Tenders for the supply of 8" diameter mild steel pipes and specials were called for locally and through the Crown Agents. The order, amounting to £489.2.0, was placed locally with Messrs. The Hume Pipe (Far East) Ltd. Pipe laying commenced in May and was completed in June. Sluice valves, which were supplied through the Crown Agents by Messrs. Glenfield and Kennedy at a cost of £19.10.0. f.o.b., arrived in the Colony in November.

(3) Service Reservoir: A contract for the reinforced concrete covered service reservoir, of a capacity of 600,000 gallons, was let in October to Messrs. Fook Lee & Co. for $37,366.34. Good progress was made with the excavation, which was about half completed by the end of the year. The retaining wall and covered nullah to the spoil tip were completed. An indent for the reinforcing bars was sent to the Crown Agents in November.

វ

Expenditure

Expenditure to 31st Dec., 1938

$51,676.34

$53,131.40

238. Cross Harbour Pipes:-This work was referred to in paragraph 213 of last year's report.

Q.43

(1) Materials: The experiments referred to in last year's report-which were made to obtain a suitable outside covering for protecting the steel pipe shells from corrosion-were continued. A satisfactory method was found for the application of a concrete sheathing 24" thick to the exterior of the pipes. The delivery of pipes and specials from England commenced at the end of April and was completed in October. A contract for the lining, sheathing, and welding of the pipes into composite lengths was let to The Hume Pipe (Far East) Ltd. in July, but processing was not commenced until September 17th as the preparation of the harbour bed was not sufficiently advanced. The contract called for a daily output of two composite pipes, each approximately fifty feet in length, and this output was steadily maintained until the end of the year. The valves, flexiole joints, flexible tubing and pipe cutting machine arrived during the year.

(2) Preparation of Harbour Bed: This work was referred to in paragraph 213 (b) of last year's report. >

*

Dredging-For the greater part of the year, Government grab dredgers Nos. 1 and 2 were employed dredging the foundation trench. Very difficult bottom was encountered in the first thousand feet from Queen's Pier and an additional dredger was hired from the Hong Kong & Kowloon Wharf & Godown Co. to increase the output. Blasting with dynamite and gelatine was tried in order to assist the dredgers, but the results were not satisfactory owing to the nature of the strata which consisted of a boulder clay. The total spoil excavated amounted to 33,212 cubic yards.

Formation of Bed-A contract for the formation of the rubble foundations 6,000 feet long, the construction of a protective rubble mound 2,900 feet long and the manufacture and setting in prepared positions of 350 reinforced concrete bearer blocks was let in February to the Netherlands Harbour Works Co. for the sum of $176,932.00. During the year 3,000 lineal feet of the foundation mound was prepared and 2,175 lineal feet of protective mound constructed: 299 bearer blocks were manufactured and 155 were set to correct lines and levels.

(3) Laying of Pipe Lines: A contract for laying the pipes on the harbour bed was awarded to Messrs. Woo Hing in September and work commenced on 16th November. Excellent progress was made with the work, and by the end of the year a total of seventy-six composite pipes had been laid.

(4) General: In order to protect the joints from corrosion experiments were carried out to investigate the possibility of injecting grease under pressure into a mould surrounding the joints. As a result of these investigations contracts were let to the Asiatic Petroleum and the Standard-Vacuum Companies for the supply of special greases, to the Fung Keung Rubber Company for the supply of rubber rings and to Messrs. Lee Tung Wo for the supply of cast iron moulds.

Expenditure

Expenditure to 31st Dec., 1938

$576,942.05 $581,801.12

239. Rapid Gravity Filters Eastern:-This was referred to in paragraph 214 of last year's report. Due to shortage of staff it was only possible to carry out preliminary designs and investigations.

Expenditure

$9,442.72

240. Kowloon Tsai Service Reservoir:-This work was referred to in paragraph 216 of last year's report. The design was completed during the year and a contract for the construction was awarded in October to Messrs. Kin Lee & Co. for $180,864.36. Work commenced in November and good progress was made with excavation, a total of 32,000 cubic yards of soft and 5,000 cubic yards of rock being removed by the end of the year. An indent for the reinforcing bars was sent to the Crown Agents in October.

Expenditure

Expenditure to 31st Dec., 1938

$19,726.87

$22,780.80

Q 44

241. Supply Main to Kowloon Tsai Service Reservoir:-This work was referred to in paragraph 217 of last year's report.

Due to shortage of staff it was only possible to carry out preliminary designs and investigations.

Expenditure

Expenditure to 31st Dec., 1938

242. Distribution, Island:-

$1,854.95

$1,854.95

Mains laid

Size of

Length

Locality

Remarks

laid

Main

(feet)

8" Cast

1,161.

iron

Belchers Street (Westwards from Replacing old 5′′ & 4′′.

Queen's Road).

8"

450

Near Old Kennedy Town Tank.

mains.

Realignment owing to tank

being abandoned.

8"

80

53

Des Voeux Road (Westwards from Replacing old 7′′ main.

Wing Lok Street).

8"

65

Wing Lok Street (West end).

6"

496

Replacing old 5′′ main.

Connaught Road (Eastwards from Replacing old 4" main.

Queen Street).

6"

286

Hennessy Road (East of Arsenal

Street).

New street alignment at

6"

236

23

Arsenal Street.

4′′

658

,,

4′′ .

4"

>>

دو

Arsenal Street (North of Hennessy!

Road).

Approach Road to Kennedy Town Replacing old 3′′ main.

Isolation Hospital.

433

Mosque Junction.

153

3"

1,389

Replacing old 3′′ main.

New road off King's Road near To supply new lots.

I.L. 4955.

Tai Hang Road, Yik Kwan and To new balance Tank (838

Fuk Kwan Avenues.

feet wrought iron and 551 feet cast iron).

A 30,000 gallon steel balance tank was erected near Tai Hang Road above Fuk Kwan Avenue.

A 28,000 gallon steel balance tank was erected above the sisters' quarters at Kennedy Town Isolation Hospital to replace the old Kennedy Town service reservoir.

Alterations to the Mount Davis tunnel gauge basin were made and the 12" valve was replaced by an 18" valve.

Expenditure

Expenditure to 31st Dec., 1938

$17,878.64

$19,247.25

243. Distribution, Mainland:-

Mains laid

Size of

Length laid

Q45

Locality

Remarks

Main (feet)

12" Spun 1,408

iron

8" Cast iron

220

6" Spin

700

iron

6"

276

From Castle Peak Road to Pipers New trunk main.

Hill Service Reservoir.

Un Chau Street near Castle Peak New main.

Road.

Canton Road from Soy Street to Replacing old 4′′ main.

Nelson Street.

Tong Mi Road near Prince Edward Replacing old 3′′ main.

Road.

4"

630

Chung Wah Street.

New main.

4" Cast iron

385

Baker Street between Lo Lung Hang New main.

Street and Gillies Avenue.

4" Spun

iron

158

Kwang Tun Street.

New main.

188 feet of 8" cast iron main were removed from Castle Peak Road near Kwong Shing Street.

A water supply was given to the refugee camp at Kamtin at a cost of $26,091.25. This involved the construction of a temporary intake and

gauge wall and the laying of 2,415 feet of 6", 2,367 feet of 5", 5,456 feet of 4", 572 feet of 3′′, 406 feet of 1′′ and 513 feet of 3′′ wrought iron piping. The work was charged

1" to this vote as the supply will later be available for the district.

Expenditure

Expenditure to 31st Dec., 1938

$40,366.34

$44,588.25

244. Shing Mun Valley Scheme-Catchwater First Section:-This work was referred to in paragraph 219 of last year's report.

The contract for this section was completed on 24th December, eleven days over the contract time, which, owing to the greater amount of rock encountered, was extended from twelve to fourteen months. The final cost of the work under the contract, after deduction of a penalty of $825.00 for overtime, amounted to $181,507.69.

This section of the catchwater, 5,975 feet in length, drains 323 acres of the southern slopes of Tai Mo Shan and discharges into the Jubilee Reservoir through an outfall channel 540 feet in length. It is designed to take the discharge from the second, third and fourth sections, which, with the run-off from its own catchment area, total 1,200 cusecs at .4" per hour at a velocity of ten feet per second. This section was constructed in two different sizes, having cross sectional areas of 127.0 and 116.5 square feet, with gradients of 1 in 1230 and 1 in 1006 respectively. The general construction comprises an invert, containing a dry weather flow channel on the path side, and side walls throughout having a batter of 2 to 1, all of 6′′ thickness. The invert, dry weather flow channel and the lowest foot of the side walls, were constructed of 1:2:4 cement concrete, and the remainder of the side walls of 1:4:8 cement concrete. The side wall on the path side is terminated with a cope 1'-6"× 0'-6" of 1:4:8 cement concrete. The outfall section is stepped

Q46

and is of similar construction. Overflows, to deal with a flood water of 4.6" of rain per hour on the catchment area, have been provided generally at stream crossings. A pathway of a minimum width of 12′-0′′ for a length of 3,500 feet, and thereafter of 10′-0′′ width, was constructed throughout, and this has been carried over the overflows by means of reinforced concrete decking. Sandtraps, provided with washout pipes, were constructed in the invert, usually at stream crossings.

Owing to the serious water situation due to abnormally low rainfall this summer a temporary conduit, to collect water from the principal stream of the second section of this catchwater and about 5,500 feet in length, was constructed by the maintenance contractors Messrs. Kin Lee & Co. Work commenced early in August and was completed by the end of October when the water was diverted into the first section of the catchwater whence it discharged into the Jubilee Reservoir. This conduit was designed to collect a maximum of five million gallons per day and about 96 million gallons had been collected by the end of the year. The cost of this work was $10,999.63.

Second Section-A contract for this Messrs. Sang Lee & Co. for $231,500.10. of the year, 50,000 cubic yards of soft and excavated.

section was signed on 6th September with Good progress had been made by the end 9,000 cubic yards of rock having been

Third Section-A contour survey for the third section of this catchwater was completed and a commencement made with the contract drawings.

Expenditure

Expenditure to 31st Dec., 1938

$213,641.86 $253,895.39

245. Water Works-Tai Lam Chung Scheme-Preliminary Works:-The two rotary core and the two hand bore percussion drilling sets of equipment from the Shing Mun plant were taken over and, after extensive overhaul and refitting, were put to work on preliminary boring at a site proposed for the dam. By the end of year core samples of 60 feet of hard and 130 feet of soft material had been obtained.

the

The area adjoining the site was cleared of brushwood and survey work put in hand. A 10 foot rectangular gauge, for measuring the discharge of the main stream, and an 8′′ rain gauge were constructed by the end of the year. A temporary camp, comprising quarters, kitchen, latrines and store, for the drilling and survey staffs, and a water supply for the camp and borings were completed.

Expenditure

$10,000.00

OTHER WORKS.

246. A one storey building in brick and concrete was erected at the Wireless Telegraph Station, Hung Hom, for a diesel electric generating set. The contract was let to Messrs. Tung Shan & Co. on 21st September and the building was satisfactorily completed on 30th November. The cost was charged to the P.W.D. Special Expenditure vote for Diesel electric generating set.

247. At the request of the Honourable Director of Medical Services a water supply was given to the Emergency Refugee Camp at Fanling Railway Station, involving the laying of 1,006 feet of 2′′, 1,910 feet of 11" and 88 feet of 11′′ wrought iron piping, and to the refugee camp at Ping Shan, involving the laying of 506 feet of 1" and 232 feet of wrought iron piping.

248. In conformity with the usual custom certain works were carried out for the Naval, Military and Air Force Authorities.

Hong Kong, 24th March, 1939.

R. M. HENDERSON,

M.INST.C.E., M.I.MECH.E., M.INST, W.E. Director of Public Works.

Q 47

Table I.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE 1937--1938.

1937

1938

Ꭿ

$5

¢

$

&

PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT.

Personal Emoluments

2,097,866.82

1,985,392.59

Other Charges.

City Hall Library (and Museum)

2,241.99

2,239.94

Conveyance Allowances

42,369.50

38,643.77

Drawing Materials and Mounting Plans

8,613.21

8,253.74

Electric Fans, Light and Gas

8,230.21

9,251.09

Incidental Expenses

6,482.47

12,996.37

Lifts Maintenance, Government Buildings

5,239.86

5,494.38

Maintenance and Supply of Furniture

29,809.52

32,714.40

Rent of Public Telephones

1,007.65

942.96

Surveying Instruments

Technical Library

928.84

1,394.68

124.98

185.23

Transport and Travelling Expenses

9,266.34

9,779.43

Uniforms

3,430.03

3,358.86

Upkeep of Government Garage Plant

782.28

732.74

Upkeep of Harbour Surveying Plant

2,366.78

2,368.19

Upkeep and running expenses of Motor Lorries

and Cars

24,892.16

41,941.46

Upkeep of Motor and Steam Rollers

5,403.72

6,647.47

Upkeep of Quarry Plants

12,302.76

15,745.93

Upkeep of Triangulation Monuments

25.50

26.50

Radio Telegraph Branch.

3

Incidental Expenses

859.53

Repairs, Stores and Current

59,337.87

Transport

2,648.14

Total Other Charges

226,363.34

192,717.14

Total Personal Emoluments and

Other Charges

2,324,230.16

2,178,109.73

Q 48

Table I,-Continued.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE 1937-1938.

PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT.

Special Expenditure.

Steam Roller Wheels

One 15-25 cwt. Commercial Chassis fitted with

locally built general service body

One Granulator

One 2 tons Diesel Roller

Two Typewriters

One Recording Voltmeter

1937

$

&

1

1938

SA

2,963.06 8,814.42 6,393.93 677.59

597.55

One Gestetner Duplicator

1,300.00

Electrical Motors

428.23

Two Cars

7,950.78

Spindle Moulding Machine

1,666.01

Diesel Electric Generating Set

23,236.42

Diesel Engine for Lighting Set: Tytam Tuk

1,507.36

Two Megger Insulation Testing Machines

1,541.88

One W/T Receiver

1,557.30

Radio Diffusion Instrument

227.69

W/T Press Reception Apparatus

10,357.71

Two Microphones

1,868.10

Award for invention of "Tarasmac"

10,000.00

New Submarine Telephone Cable

35,141.39

Two Dennis Arrow Minor Chassis

16,399.28

Diesel Electric Generating Set

715.41 9,561.07

Conversion of two Crossley cars into vans

for transport .....

Firewood (all departments)

One Outboard Marine Motor

647.95 1,998.17

254.70

Wireless Instruments for Hung Hom Wireless

Telegraph Station

1,634.13

Total Special Expenditure

111,882.15

35,557.98

Total Public Works Dept.

2,436,112.31

2,213,667.71

Total P. W. Recurrent

1,768,369.96

1,811,168.55

Total P. W. Extraordinary

1,510,298.07

1,899,902.40

Total P.W.D., P.W.R. and P.W.E.

5,714,780.34

5,924,738.66

Works undertaken and charged to Loan

Account

747,506.81

1,657,596.33

Miscellaneous Works

734,730.07

555,649.47

Grand Total

7,197,017.22

8,137,984.46

Q 49

Table II.

COMPARISON OF PUBLIC WORKS RECURRENT ExpenditurE 1937-1938.

1937

$

$

PUBLIC WORKS RECURRENT.

1938

HoNG KONG.

1:-Buildings.

Maintenance of Buildings

199,321.15

241,205.58

Improvements to Buildings

11,591.65

18,241.97

2:-Communications.

Roads and Bridges in City (Maintenance and

Improvements)

68,493.34

69,836.74

Roads and Bridges outside City (Maintenance

and Improvements)

57,268.22

59,906.95

Maintenance of Telephones including all Cables.

10,710.28

12,733.86

3:-Drainage.

Maintenance of Sewers, Nullahs, &c.

21,673.23

24,634.06

4:-Lighting.

Street Lighting

192,322.06

189,885.11

5: Typhoon & Rainstorm Damages.

Typhoon and Rainstorm Damages

215,993.81

74,760.28

6:-Water Works.

Maintenance of City and Hill District

244,257.41

338,572.48

Maintenance of Village Supplies:

5,550.88

5,797.88

Water Meters, upkeep and repairs

64,274.34

64,324.79

7:-Miscellaneous.

- Maintenance of Praya Walls and Piers

16,417.62

17,675.92

Maintenance of Public Cemetery

937.93

1,944.59

Maintenance of Chinese Cemeteries

3,992.25

3,310.69

Maintenance of Public Recreation Grounds

1,924.54

2,997.24

Dredging Foreshores

21,698.09

12,054.24

Carried Forward

1,136,426.80

1,137,882.38

50

Table II,-Continued.

COMPARISON OF PUBLIC WORKS RECURRENT EXPENDITURE 1937-1938.

1937

$

PUBLIC WORKS RECURRENT.

تکریم

1938

EA

Brought forward

1,136,426.80

1,137,882.38

Stores Depreciation

93.09

Boundary Stones

4,537.30

1,825.45

Survey of Colony

2,089.84

3,287.70

Maintenance of Vehicles Ferry Pier at Jubilee

Street

8,628.01

9,497.84

KOWLOON.

8:--Buildings.

Maintenance of Buildings

Improvements to Buildings

45,903.84

47,024.21

5,039.00

9,953.43

9:-Communications.

Roads and Bridges (Maintenance and Improve-

ments)

49,228.88

66,991.66

Maintenance of Telephones

2,509.08

3,453.77

10:-Drainage.

1:

Maintenance of Sewers, Nullahs, &c.

7,246.50

8,306.53

11:-Lighting.

Street Lighting

72,255.51

78,251.64

12:-Typhoon and Rainstorm Damages.

Typhoon and Rainstorm Damages

29,268.21

26,803.48

13: Water Works.

Maintenance of Water Works

79,619.39

82,171.24

Water Meters, upkeep and repairs

19,181.65

39,541.19

Carried Forward

1,462,027.10

1,514,990.52

Q 51

L

Table II, Continued.

COMPARISON OF PUBLIC WORKS RECURRENT EXPENDITURE 1937-1938.

PUBLIC WORKS RECURRENT.

1937

es

ᎦᎯ

1938

Brought forward

1,462,027.10

1,514,990.52

14:

Miscellaneous.

Maintenance of Praya Walls and Piers

5,671.52

8,208.03

Maintenance of Chinese Cemeteries

3,497.91

3,465.88

Maintenance of Recreation Grounds

1,792.59

1,910.77

Maintenance of Vehicles Ferry Pier, at Jordan

Road

6,319.53

7,367.49

NEW KOWLOON.

:

15:-Buildings.

Maintenance of Buildings

6,536.76

7,928.61

Improvements to Buildings

1,242.53

6,783.01

16: Communications.

:

Roads and Bridges (Maintenance and Improve-

ments)

23,504.23

29,943.69

Maintenance of Telephones

400.40

512.20

17:-Drainage.

Maintenance of Sewers, Nullahs, &c..

4,162.86

5,706.77

18:-Lighting.

Street Lighting

23,955.63

27,083.06

19:-Typhoon and Rainstorm Damages.

Typhoon and Rainstorm Damages

31,034.45

49,257.98

20:-Water Works.

Maintenance of Water Works

3,727.99

2,527.17

Water Meters, upkeep and repairs

1,997.26

2,675.49

21: Miscellaneous.

Maintenance of Praya Walls and Piers

3,106.12

3,174.70

Maintenance of Chinese Cemeteries

1,981.84

1,899.77

Carried Forward

1,580,958.72

1,673,435.14

Q 52

Table II,-Continued.

COMPARISON OF PUBLIC WORKS RECURRENT EXPENDITURE 1937-1938.

1937

$

SA

PUBLIC WORKS RECURRENT.

$

of

1938

Brought forward

1,580,958.72

1,673,435.14

NEW TERRITORIES.

22:-Buildings.

Maintenance of Buildings

Improvements to Buildings

Maintenance of Lighthouses

15,233.84

19,303.74

3,612.75

1,919.45

7,774.24

9,974.85

23:-Communications.

Roads and Bridges (Maintenance and Improve-

ments)

58,647.44

69,939.89

Maintenance of Telephones

4,275.93

4,353.47

24:-Drainage.

Maintenance of Sewers, Nullahs, &c.

253.77

453.50

25:-Lighting.

Street Lighting

1,539.20

2,095.63

26:-Typhoon & Rainstorm Damages.

Typhoon and Rainstorm Damages

89,437.40

24,143.59

27:-Water Works.

Maintenance of Village Supplies

3,949.23

3,242.75

Water Meters, upkeep and repairs

976.03

318.27

28-Miscellaneous.

Maintenance of Praya Walls and Piers.

1,711.41

1,988.27

Total P.W.R.

1,768,369.96

1,811,168.55

Table III.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE 1929-1938.

Personal Emoluments

Year.

Special

& Other Charges.*

Expenditure.

Annually Recurrent Works.

Extraordinary Works.

Total

Expenditure.§

$

$

$

$

$

&

1929

1,578,369.44

430,218.28

1,464,558.35

2,125,974.96

7,647,593.85

1930

2,140,642.16

69,141.61

1,564,118.43

2,850,498.83-

8,478,094.19

1931

2,344,769.78

143,675.84

1,581,926.75

2,374,931.99

8,229,478.08

1932

2,164,761.76

138,138.25

1,900,619.99

1,967,860.20

8,437,090.71

1933

2,145,329.10

77,544.61

1,553,606.84

3,292,449.05

8,464,524.64

1934

2,147,921.93

156,719.05

1,683,239.71

3,784,165.51

9,155,298.75

1935

1,867,187.14

68,148.44

1,391,102.74

2,801,919.07

8,945,344.93

1936

2,160,995.71

84,008.58

1,309,311.51

3,052,899.52

10,384,475.39

1937

2,324,230.16

111,882.15

1,768,369.96

1,510,298.07

7,197,017.22

1938

2,178,109.73

35,557.98

1,811,168.55

1,899,902.40

8,137,984.46

* Includes Clerical Establishment.

§ Includes the amounts expended on works charged to Loan Funds, Air Ministry, Military Authorities, Government House and City Development Fund, Building Loan Accounts, Hong Kong Travel Association, Private Lot Owners, etc.

53

Table IV.

STATEMENT OF REVENUE FROM WATERWORKS, 1938.

54

Meter Rental &

Locality

City incl. Wongneichong. Village

Hill District

Aberdeen & Aplichau

Fire Service

Excess

Consumption

Water Rate

@ 2%

Total 1938

Total 1937

$

133,215.65

$ Ø

$

$

&

1,080,618.19

3,072.34

16,226.70

857.85

3,967.20

Shaukiwan District

1,858.31

15,663.84

498,156.99

1,783,471.17

1,550,504.34

Pokfulam District

1,006.84

14,447.82

Repulse Bay District

442.14

3,195.94

Stanley & Tytam

373.26

9,025.95

Deep Water Bay District

309.00

1,033.15

Aberdeen Water Boat Supply

2,400.00

2,400.00

3,330.00

Shaukiwan Water Boat Supply

1,800.00

1,800.00

1,750.00

141,135.39

1,148,378.79

498,156.99

1,787,671.17

1,555,584.34

Kowloon, New Kowloon & Lai Chi

Kok

103,251.74

807,833.10

206,790.24

1,117,875.08

952,619.60

Fanling District

350.00

4,811.58

5,161.58

5,256.73

Taipo District

597.50

1,633.20

2,230.70

1,476.29

Tsun Wan District

229.17

527.75

756.92

249.51

Un Long District

52.48

331.45

383.93

57.47

Shing Mun District

25.00

15.05

40.05

305.75

Lai Chi Kok Water Boat Supply

650.00

105,846.00

106,496.00

90,045.00

Total

246,291.28

2,069,376.92

704,947.23

3,020,615.43

2,605,594.69

AR

1905

8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

90

07

08

60.

1910

"1

12

13

17

18

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29||||||

1930

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

T

JUAL

ALS

1571

1263

1116

946

1208

1191

1477

1644

1886

14-26

1712

1818

Table V.

NUMBER

OF

AND WORKS OF ALTERATION) APPROVED

CURVE INDICATES

PLANS (INCLUDING NEW WORKS

2049

S961

2016

2458

1993

2850

3887

2498

2155

2481

2929

2903

2935

3812

3647

3227

2783

240:

2482

2130

2546

Q 55

YEAR

TOTALS

ANNUAL

2000

1750

1500

250

1000

750

500

250

1905

07

08

60

016

,,

NM

14

250

145

(43)

38

Table VI.

56

CURVE

INDICATES

NUMBER OF

DOMESTIC BUILDINGS COMPETED

220

334

212

6LS

312

17

400

18

457

61

4.15

1920

21

22

C

24

25

82

92

1930

31

OGL

1955

ILLI

814

459

506

694

6001

1376

1472

1301

34

35

37

TOLE

COC

237

168

་་་་

Q 57

Table VII.

BUILDINGS ORDINANCE OFFICE.

BUILDINGS FOR WHICH PLANS WERE DEPOSITED.

Buildings etc.

1937 and 1938.

1937

1938

Increase Decrease

New European houses

70

185

115

New Chinese houses

193

180

13

New Buildings and structures other than

above

333

440

107

Alterations and Additions to

to existing

buildings

2040

2000

40

Verandahs

33

97

64

Balconies

95

80

15

Sunshades

1

1

Canopies

4

4

Piers

2

1

1

· Wells

184

316

132

2954

3304

419

69

Q 58

Table VIII.

BUILDINGS ORDINANCE OFFICE.

NOTICES SERVED AND PERMITS ISSued.

1937 and 1938.

1937

1938

Increase Decrease

Dangerous Structure Notices

251

156

95

Miscellaneous Notices

412

554

142

Private Street Improvement Notices. "including footpaths under verandahs and balconies"

145

136

9

Notices in respect of nuisances reported

by Officers of the Sanitary Department.

1523

1886

363

New Permits issued.

Permits renewed

285

474

189

103

95

8

Table IX.

RESUMPTIONS IN CONNECTION WITH STREET WIDENING, NEW ROADS, IMPROVEMENT SCHEMES, ETC.

Purpose of Resumption

Number of properties dealt with

Amount paid

HONG KONG

$

(a) Resumption for Road Widening Schemes,

etc.

3

7,187.40

(b) Resumption of M.L. 290-Royal Hong

Kong Yacht Club premises

1

30,000.00

4

37,187.40

KOWLOON

Development in accordance with the approved

Town Planning Scheme

2

18,234.50

NEW KOWLOON

Development in accordance with the approved

Town Planning Scheme

12

1,167.85

Note: In addition to the above transactions the following properties were acquired for use as Government Quarters. (a) R.B.L. 372-No. 534 The Peak

1

40,000.00

R.B.Ls. 382 and 383-Nos. 556

and 557 Middle Gap Road, The Peak

2

70,000.00

3

110,000.00

Table X.

STATEMENT OF RAINFALL FOR THE YEAR AT VARIOUS POINTS IN THE COLONY.

59

(INCHES)

Month

Royal

Observa-

Public

tory

Tytam Garden Reservoir

Tytam

Tuk

Reservoir

Pokfulam

Reservoir

Wongnei-

chong

Reservoir

Aberdeen

Reservoir

Shing Mun Shing Mun Shing Mun

Valley

Valley

Valley

Kowloon

Reservoir

No. 1.

No. 2.

No. 3.

No. 4.

Shek

Taipo

Li Pui Reservoir Quarters

Fanling

Un Long

January

.355

.17

.39

.38

.11

.49

.16

.04

.04

.04

.26

.16

.64

.37

.13

February

4.685

4.42

3.60

3.17

3.79

3.39

3.87

4.96

5.37

4.57

5.05

4.64

6.07

3.86

4.13

March

5.745

6.11

6.28

6.24

5.64

6.09

6.14

6.42

7.69

6.39

6.33

6.17

8.52

7.96

8.52

April

1.855

2.00

2.41

2.10

2.00

2.26

1.69

2.68

2.78

2.60

2.37

2.32

3.21

3.77

2.92

May

8.705

10.42

14.42

13.25

14.20

11.75

13.64

6.83

6.64

5.44

6.08

4.61

7.17

8.97

7.85

June

2.990

1.93

4.37

3.43

1.87

5.20

3.49

2.68

2.59

1.96

1.88

1.10

3.13

1.29

1.68

July

12.235

11.36

11.51

11.14

9.16

13.88

9.54

12.71

11.89

10.39

9.13

7.59

10.88

7.45

4.31

August

7.885

9.87

10.82

11.00

9.92

9.69

8.60

15.29

13.95

12.91

11.41

10.67

9.35

14.90

7.83

September

4.265

5.48

4.80

5.31

3.92

5.27

5.65

7.85

7.27

6.45

8.13

7.07

4.78

8.20

5.26

October

6.095

5.13

7.04

5.90

6.17

7.14

6.90

10.95

10.46

9.69

8.45

7.66

6.91

6.88

6.80

November

.530

.56

.64

.51

.43

.30

.32

.24

.19

.17

.37

.25

.54

.43

.05

December

.010

.03

.11

.11

.05

.06

.02

.06

.09

Total 1938.

55.355

57.48

66.39

62.54

57.26

65.52

60.02

70.65

68.87

60.61

59.46

52.24

61.26

64.17

49.43

Total 1937.

82.500

79.94

96.87

89.86

74.12

93.94

82.58

99.13

101.08

97.87

92.85

85.25

92.83

70.19

57.07

Increase or

Decrease. -27.145

- 22.46

-30.48

- 27.32 - 16.86 - 28.42

- 22.56 - 28.48

- 32.21

-37.26

- 33.39

- 33.01 - 31.57

- 6.02

-7.59

Table XI.

CITY AND HILL DISTRICT WATER WORKS 1938.

MILLIONS OF GALLONS PUMPED TO HIGH LEVEL AND PEAK DISTRICTS.

PUMPED FILTERED WATER

FOR CONSUMPTION IN

PEAK DISTRICT

PUMPED FILTERED WATER FOR CONSUMPTION IN

HIGH LEVEL DISTRICT

(INCLUDING REPULSE BAY)

Note.

GRAND

MONTH.

Pokfulam

Middle

Deduct

Supply

Add

TOTAL

Road

Gap

Released to

Total

Station

Station

High Level

Pokfulam

Road

Station

Bowen

Eastern

Road

Filters

Supply

From Peak

Total

Station

Station

District

District

a

b

с

d

e

f

g

h

January

5.29

1.15

.43

6.01

11.06

2.85

2.13

.43

16.47

22.48

February

4.84

.88

.35

5.37

8.96

2.31

1.99

.35

13.61

18.98

March

5.29

.93

.33

5.89

10.66

2.75

2.04

.33

15.78

21.67

'April

5.50

1.10

.34

6.26

11.29

2.97

2,30

.34

16.90

23.16

May

5.85

1.12

.40

6.57

12.01

3.51

2,46

.40

18.38

24.95

The figures in the various columns are computed as follows:-

a. Sum of (i) Two Peak Master Meters. (ii) Domestic meters not checked by above.

6. Mount Cameron Rising Main Meter (if available) (based on Distribution Main meter or pump revolutions if not available).

c. Sum of (i) Barker Road Tank Master Meter.

(ii) I. L. 2314 Domestic meter.

(iii) R. B. L. 224 Domestic meter.

(iv) I. L.

3894 Domestic meter.

June

6.19

1.21

.45

6.97

13.25

4.00

2.72

.43

20.40

27.57

(v) I. L.

3895 Domestic meter.

July

6.31

1.20

.43

7.08

12.17

4.05

2.61

.43

19.26

26.34

d. a+b-c.

'August

4.83

1.12

.42

5.53

11.31

4.00

2.33

.42

18.06

23.59

September

4.10

.98

.38

4.70

9.76

3.59

1.96

.38.

15.69

20.39

October

4.16

1.00

.34

November

3.93

.98

.41

==

4.82

9.23

3.21

1.89

.34

14.67

19.49

4.50

8.48

3.38

1.90

.41

14.17

18.67

December

4.41

.81.

.30

4.92

8.56

3.56

1.92

.30

14.34

19.26

Total 1938

60.70

12.48

4.56

68.62

126.74

40.18

26.25

4.56

197.73

266.35

Less

Total 1937

60.79

12.70

4.31

69.18

117.05

41.78

26.65

4.31

189.79

258.97

Increase or

e. Sum of (i) 750′ Tank Master Meter. (ii) Queen Mary Hospital Master Meter.

f. Bowen Road Rising Main Master Meter.

g. Sum of (i) Jardine's Lookout Main Master Meter, (ii) Middle Gap Rising Main Master Meter.

(iii) Mount Cameron Rising Main Master Meter (based on pump revolutions when meter read- ings are not available).

Rising

Decrease

.09

.22

+ .25

.56

+9.69

- 1.60

· .40

+ .25

+7.94

+7.38

h. As c above.

N. B. Pokfulam Road Pumps also pumped to West Point Service Reservoir during eight months, but as this water was consumed in the City District it has not been included in the High Level consumption.

Table XII.

CITY AND HILL DISTRICT WATER WORKS 1938

MONTHLY CONSUMPTION & CONTENTS OF RESERVOIRS (MILLIONS OF GALLONS)

TYTAM AREA.

WONGNEICHONG.

POKFULAM.

ABERDEEN AREA.

TOTAL

CONTENTS

D1

WONGNEI-

OF IM-

MONTII.

In

Reservoir

Delivered

Upper

Lower

Reservoir

Reservoir

Delivered

1st. of

over

1st. of

1st. of

over

In Tytam Reservoir

1st. of

In

In

Interm. Byewash Reservoir Reservoir

In Tyfam

Tuk Delivered

Reservoir

over

Month.

gauge.

month.

month.

gauge.

month.

1st. of

1st. of

1st. of

gauges.

· In

Reservoir

1st. of

month.

POUNDING

Delivered

over

gauge.

CHONG

10"

RA

RESER-

VOIR 1ST.

OF MONTH.

INTAKE.

A

month.

month.

month.

January

47.12

4.71

121.78

103.71

29.78

235.76

1.13

160.60

971.99

224.17

1315

1,655.24

3.72

February

40.95

4.13

121.78

77.01

11.32

239.56

1.75

22.62

894.50

· 184.94

11:33

1,399.50

1.27

March

40.44

8.82

143.22

52.34

41.21

248.85

2.24.

25.72

709.66

180.44

10.29

.81

1,231.76

4.07

April

47.78

19.65

151.04

37.56

63.00

267.26

1.50

37.58

632.65

; '164.37

12:56

4.43

1,187.93

3.56

May

34.34

31.89

100.19

39.47

79.15

200.74

1.04

40.34 ·

558.75

170.20

7.60

11.01

982.47

6.28

June

56.40

48.18

160.07

54.63

95.38

235.76

.32

121.30

9.10.68

217.50

14.21

12.22

1,553.37

5.81

July

13.84

20.14

95.74

51.30

95.56

155.26

.30

129.73

856.00

247.95

.6.24

11.62

1,308.41

7.49

August

29.52

33.94

106.93

47.76

98.35

201.74

1.84

171.80

854.50

243.12

8.75

13.89

1,421.84

8.57

September

45.20

32.53

117.69

53.59

77.86

243.35

2.30

195.90.

..970.32.

197.05

7.82

6.72

1,636.17

7.54

October

36.51

25.37

101.13

56.30

37.65

209.88

1.75

176.66

965.35

194.41

6.89

11.16 1,554.47

9.20

November

57.66

7.18

168.10

65.24

29.09

297.10

.14

104.37

1,090.25

203.93

.8.21

5.58

1,791.07

5.54

December

55.82

6.39

150.26

64.50

29.47

285.17

42.24

986.98

214.30

4.48

1,589.45

4.12

Totals 1938

+242.93

+687.77

*2,442.38

76.94

67.17 3,.

Totals 1937

291.09

557.90

2,400.62

98.92

86.96 3,

Increase or

Decrease

- 48.16

+129.87

+41.76

- 21.98

- 19.79

+

Part of the Dairy Farm supplied in addition.

† Aberdeen Village and Aplichau supplied in addition. * Stanley supplied in addition.

Soi

Delivered

over

Table XII.

CITY, AND HILL DISTRICT WATER WORKS 1938

CONSUMPTION & CONTENTS OF RESERVOIRS (MILLIONS OF GALLONS)

TYTAM AREA.

t

In

Interm.

In Tytam

Tuk Reservoir Reservoir

WONGNEICHONG.

TOTAL

CONTENTS

OF IM-

POUNDING

1st. of

month.

1st. of

gauges.

In

Reservoir

1st. of

month.

Delivered

RESER-

over

WONGNEI-

CHONG

10"

INTAKE.

gauge.

VOIR 1ST.

OF MONTH.

month.

TOTAL

DELIVERED|

OVER RESERVOIR From GAUGES Island AND 10" Reservoirs INTAKE. (Filtered).

CONSUMPTION

COLLEC-

TION FROM

CONDUIT

From

Mainland

(Filtered).

INTAKES

RAINFALL

Total Unfiltered Filtered Supplies.

Grand

(+) OR

INCHES.

Total

LEAKAGE

(-)

160.60

971.99

224.17

13/15

1,655.24

3.72

262.33

255.62

160.07 415.69

4.97

420.66

1.74

.355

22.62

894.50*

· 184.94

11.33

1,399.50

1.27

201.66

195.92 149.98

345.90

5.17

351.07

.57

4,685

25.72

703.66

180.44

10.29

.31

1,231.76

4.07

234.85

230.75

178.77

409.52

4.58

414.10

.48

5.745

37.58

632.65

164.37

12.56

4.43

1,187.93

3.56

255.01

238.91

177.09

416.00

4.32

420.32

11.78

1.855

40.34

558:75

170.20

7.60

11.01

982.47

6.28

298.53

289.04

180.10

469.14

4.90

474.04

4.59

8.705

121.30

910.68

217.50

14.21

12.22 1,553.37

5.81

379.09

370.68

168.75

539.43

5.37

544.80

3.04

2.990

129.73 856.00

247.95

6.24

11.62 1,308.41

7.49

382.76 383.85

166.90 550.75

5.23

555.98

6.32

12.235

171.80 854.50

243.12

8.75

13.89 1,421.84

8.57

397.87

398.23

115.74 513.97

5.98

519.95

6.34

7.885

195.90 ..970.32

197.05

7.82

6.72 1,636.17

7.54

321.70

315.82

98.80

414.62

5.98

420.60

.10

4.265

176.66

965.35

194.41

6.89

11.16 1,554.47

9.20

277.79

276.60

96.06

372.66

5.07

377.73

3.88

6.095

104.37

1,090.25

203.93

.8.21

5.58 1,791.07

5.54

251.32

240.03

100.04

340.07

5.86

345.93

5.43

.530

42.24

986.98

214.30

4.48

1,589.45

4.12

254.28

248.45

98.96

347.41

6.44

353.85 +

.61

.010

*2,442.38

76.94

67.17

3,517.19 3,443.90

1,691.26

5,135.16

63.87

5,199.03

9.42

55.355

· 2,400.62 ·

98.92

86.96

3,435.49 3,497.05

1,559.62 5,056.67

65.73

5,122.40

+ 127.29

82.500

+41.76

- 21.98

- 19.79

+81.70

- 58.15

+131.64

+78.49

- 1.86

+76.63

27.145

Sources of unfiltered supplies:-Bowen Road

6.76

Pokfulam Conduit

47.73

Blue Pool

6.22

Mint Dam

.67

Sookunpoo Valley Intake

2.49

Total

63.87

2

Table XIII.

CITY AND HILL DISTRICT WATER WORKS 1938.

PARTICULARS OF METERED AND UNMETERED SUPPLIES IN MILLIONS OF GALLONS.

FILTERED SUPPLY.

62

METERED.

MONTH.

UN-

METERED

City.

High Level

TOTAL

METERED

UNFIL-

District

CITY.

Including

Peak

Govt.

Buildings

AND UN-

METERED.

TERED

SUPPLY

METERED.

GRAND

TOTAL.

Trade.

Domestic.

Repulse

District.

Bay.

Free of

Charge.

Total.

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Total 1938

4th Qr. 3rd Qr. 2nd Qr. 1st Qr.

415.69

4.97

420.66

442.52

449.27

156.61

26.96

10.27

85.48

728.59

345.90

5.17

351.07

409.52

4.58

414.10

416.00

4.32

420.32

369.14

680.94

237.17

36.86

12.35

88.11

1,055.43

469.14

4.90

474.04

539.43

5.37

544.80

550.75

5.23

555.98

355.05

736.30

256.03

38.38

13.26

80.32 1,124.29

513.97

5.98

519.95

414.62

5.98

420.60

372.66

5.07

377.73

195.93

565.09

198.81

32.43

11.65

56.23

864.21

340.07

5.86

345.93

347.41

6.44

353.85

1,362.64 2,431.60

848.62

134.63

47.53

310.14

3,772.52

5,135.16

63.87

5,199.03

Total 1937

1,618.67

2,218.47

723.02

104.20

44.37

347.94

3,438.00

5,056.67

65.73

5,122.40

Increase or

Decrease

- 256.03

+ 213.13

+125.60

+ 30.43

+ 3.16

- 37.80 +334.52

+ 78.49

- 1.86

+76.63

Description.

Table XIV.

Lengths of ALL WATER MAINS ON THE ISLAND OF 2′′ DIAMETER AND Upwards,

EXCLUDING PRIVATE SUPPLIES.

Diameter in inches and lengths in feet.

2′′

3"

4"

5"

6"

7′′

8′′

10"

12"

14"

15"

18"

21"

24"

Total

Lengths

(feet)

Distribution Mains-City and Mid. Levels

11394 55953 43394

Distribution Mains-Peak

19695 20412 9750

27735

4090

85361 7590

24366 21058 16972 3790

14315

8710

2680

323318

840

54787

Distribution Mains-Villages

18981 29901 19856 3278 8683

80699

Pumping Mains

1840

16289

14790

2270

1450

100

280

700

36033

1080

500

75332

Unfiltered Mains Supplying

Filters

Cross Harbour Mains

504

566

6700

560

4520

5914

28208

3363

5914

43855

12394

Back Lane Pipes and Sub Mains

198932

Unfiltered Supply Mains

1650 ·8720

380

2870

198932

13620

Miles =

152.1

Totals-Island (feet)

250652 117896 73380

51392 119244

7590 26636 23068 27506

4070 15015

78865

4443

3180

802937

Q 63

Table XV.

VILLAGE AND WATER BOAT SUPPLIES HONG KONG 1938.

DETAILS OF CONSUMPTION (MILLIONS OF GALLONS).

64

SHAUKIWAN-CHAI WAN SUPPLY

ABERDEEN AND APLICHAU

STANLEY

DEEP

WATER

METERED

METERED

METERED

BAY

MONTH

Boat

Govt.

Non

Govt.

Un-

metered

Un-

Un-

Total

Total

Non metered

Boat

Govt.

Govt.

Non metered

Total

Metered

Govt.

Govt.

Total

January

.25

* .46

* 2.67

2.53

.33

.69

.76

2.10

3.88

1.22

1.50

2.23

4.95

.32

February

.21

* .79

* 2.81

3.17

.18

.61

.78

1.41

2.98

1.27

1.28

1.26

3.81

.29

March

.19

* .82

* 3.15

3.79

.21

.52

.83

1.62

3.18

1.40

1.63

1.51

4.54

.32

April

.22

1.05

3.51

.71

5.49

.25

.44

1.02

1.94

3.65

1.31

1.68

1.69

4.68

.35

May

.15

1.01

4.35

.42

5.93

.28

.39

1.30

2.03

4.00

1.52

1.82

1.70

5.04

.42

June

.07

* .96

* 4.83

4.93

.11

.39

1.51

2.57

4.58

1.51

1.90

1.80

5.21

.48

July

August

.04

.89

4.58

.42

5.93

.05

.37

1.44

2.44

4.30

1.61

2.00

1.65

5.26

.49

.05

.78

4.52

.18

5.53

.03

.32

1.32

2.37

4.04

1.59

1.96

1.40

4.95

.50

September

.11

.47

3.60

1.58

5.76

.07

.30

1.34

1.43

3.14

1.21

1.81

1.33

4.35

.47

October

.15

.41

3.74

.34

4.64

.12

.35

1.11

1.55

3.13

1.13

1.71

1.47

4.31

.48

November

.21

.62

2.90

.75

4.48

.42

.61

.99

1.15

3.17

1.16

1.57

1.35

4.08

.41

December

.19

* .65

*. 2.62

2.63

.35

.52

.97

1.53

3.37

.95

1.61

1.39

3.95

.44

Total 1938.

1.84

8.91

43.28

4.40

54.81

2.40

5.51

13.37

22.14

43.42

15.88

20.47

18.78

55.13

4.97

Total 1937.

1.76

9.50

36.88

11.27

58.09

3.40

6.61

9.86

31.71

51.58

11.11

16.64

17.14

44.89

3.03

Increase or

Decrease.

+ .08

.59

+6.40

- 6.87

- 3.28 - 1.00

- 1.10 + 3.51

-9.57

- 8.16 +4.77

+3.83

+1.64

+10.24

+1.94

* Chai Wan supply augmented from the city system.

Table XVI.

KOWLOON WATER WORKS 1938.

CONTENTS OF RESERVOIRS & DETAILS OF MONTHLY CONSUMPTION IN MILLIONS OF GALLONS.

RESERVOIR CONTENTS

65

Shek Li

Main

MONTH

Byewash

Pui

Reception

Reservoir

Reservoir

Reservoir

Reservoir

1st of

1st of

1st of

month

month

1st of

month

month

METERED SUPPLY

TOTAL

CONTENTS

OF

Jubilee RESERVOIR Reservoir

Trade Domestic

1ST OF

MONTH

Govt.

Building

Free of

Charge

Total

UN-

METERED

SUPPLY

GRAND

TOTAL

REMARKS

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Total 1938

Total 1937

Increase or

Decrease

352.50

171.88

106.35

33.15. 2,178.83

2,842.71

253.33

4th Qr.

3rd Qr.

2nd Qr.

1st Qr.

352.50

120.22

102.18

30.51 1,885.29 2,490.70

291.35

134.32

58.17 483.84

253.69

217.21

352.50

171.25

101.26

33.15 1,601.77 2,259.93

266.99

352.50

175.68

104.43

28.31 1,459.10 2,120.02

270.66

331.90

145.83

102.50

249.69

144.16

102.82

27.45 1,202.02 1,809.70 23.95 1,094.47 1,615.09

401.37

185.57

58.22

645.16

310.04

315.31

369.23

244.61

56.93

75.88

162.35

52.55

80.72

23.15 865.00 1,245.57 23.35 860.15 1,179.12

381.38

481.18 223.79

50.96

755.93

267.62

355.44

169.70

59.90

95.70

30.29 1,139.93 1,495.52

286.73

165.70

54.30

102.82

26.19

1,288.50 1,637.51

267.24

233.42

51.15

114.74

271.24

104.37

110.68

33.15 1,742.67 2,175.13 352.41 33.15 1,534.25 2,053.69

163.99

27.82

544.22

203.22

239.61

240.59

1,526.31

707.67

195.17 2,429.15 1,034.57 3,463.72

1,384,50

593.06

211.92

2,189.48 1,173.34 3,362.82

+141.81 +114.61

- 16.75 + 239.67 138.77 +100.90

Table XVII.

Length of ALL WATER MAINS ON THE MAINLAND OF 2′′ DIAMETER AND UPWARDS,

EXCLUDING PRIVATE SUPPLIES.

Diameter in inches and lengths in feet.

Total

Description.

Length

2"

21′′

3′′

4"

5′′

6"

7"

8"

10"

12′′

15′′

18′′

24"

Trunk & Supply Main

324

1514

1690

3065

465 13959

10384

31401

Distribution Mains Kowloon

2556

8032

45100

8306

46102

5900

17350

5850

34200

5450

1400

17200

197446

Distribution Mains New Kowloon

5420

7850

6668

920

46290

8554

4970

7675

14500

102847

Back Lane Service Pipes, Kowloon

100699

4231

104930

Back Lane Service Pipe, New Kowloon

49822

750

50572

Total Mains Kowloon Water Works

158497

21187

51768 9226

93906

5900

27594

10820 44940

5915

15359

42084

487196

Village Supplies

7475

639 33347

35074

12522

32438

780

122275

Q 66

Miles

115.4

Total Mains

165972

639

54534 86842

21748 126344

6680

27594

10820

44940

5915

15359

42084

609471

Table XVIII.

VILLAGE AND WATER BOAT SUPPLIES 1938 MAINLAND

DETAILS OF CONSUMPTION (MILLIONS OF GALLONS)

67

LAI CHI

FANLING

TAIPO

TSUN WAN

Кок

WATER

METERED

MONTH

METERED

METERED

BOAT

UN LONG

METERED

Un-

SUPPLY

Total

Un-

Govt.

Non metered

Total

Metered

Govt.

Govt.

Non metered]

Govt.

Non

Govt.

Govt.

Un-

metered

Total

Govt.

Non

Un-

metered Total

Govt.

January

8.16

.06 1.30

.13

1.49

.20

.36 3.16 3.72

.07

.01 1.86

1.94

.06

.09

1.28

1.43

February

6.78

.05

.98

.08

1.11

.15

.24

2.65 3.04

.08

.02

1.27

1.37

.05

.04

1.25

1.34

March

9.07

.06

.94

.13

1.13

.15

.26

2.86

3.27

.07

.04

1.63

1.74

.07

.06

1.14

1.27

April

8.31

.06

.95

.13

1.14

.31

.31

3.00

3.62

.11

.02

1.88

2.01

.07

.10

1.18

1.35

May

10.87

.05

.74

.16

.95

.22

.44

3.43

4.09

.12

.16

2.19

2.47

.08

.07

1.46

1.61

June

10.18

.09

.70

.27

1.06

.15

.49

3.58

4.22

.27

.26

2.07

2.60

.08

.11

1.50

1.69

July

9.76

.09

.96

.12

1.17

.14

.46 3.09

3.69

.31

.31

1.75

2.37

.10

.10

1.75

1.95

August

9.57

.11

.92

*

1.05

.14

.54

3.13

3.81

.32

.23

1.86

2.41

.08

.10

1.68

1.86

September

10.10

.11

.89

*

.97

.34

.46

2.71

3.51

.18

.44

2.07

2.69

.11

.08

1.62

1.81

October

10.77

.08

.85

.20

1.13

.38

.54

2.46

3.38

.17

.21

2.33

2.71

.07

.09

1.70

1.86

November *.

9.52

.08

.66

.85

1.59

.15

.39

2.81

3.35

.13

.32

2.31

2.76

.06

.08

1.65

1.79

December

9.67

.21

.95

.73

1.89

.11

.54

2.87

3.52

.18

.30

2.19

2.67

.13

.10

2.15

2.38

Total 1938.

112.76 1.05 10.84

2.80

14.68 2.44 5.03 35.75

43.22

2.01

2.32

23.41

27.74

.96

1.02

18.36 20.34

Total 1937.

96.33

.85

9.74

1.73

12.32 2.09 3.22 35.46 40.77

.42

.11

22.81 23.34

.55

.46

13.85

14.86

Increase or

Decrease. +16.43 +.20

+ 1.10

+1.07

+2.36 +.35 +1.81 +.29 +2.45

+1.59

+2.21

+.60 + 4.40 +.41

+.56 +-4.51

+ 5.48

* Master Meter slip.

Q 68

REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE CROWN LANDS & SURVEYS DEPARTMENT,

P.W.D., HONG KONG, FOR THE YEAR ENDING 31st DECEMBER, 1938.

1. The Staff of this Department as authorised for the year ending 31st December, 1938 consisted of :-(a) The Superintendent of Crown Lands and Surveys, Assistant Superintendent of Crown Lands, Assistant Superintendent of Surveys, (b) eight Land Surveyors, five First Class Assistant Land Surveyors (Chinese), four Second Class Assistant Land Surveyors (Chinese), twenty-three Third Class Assistant Land Surveyors (Chinese), (c) four Computers (Chinese), eighty-two Survey Coolies, one Chief Draughtsman, (d) fourteen Draughtsmen (Chinese), two Senior Land Bailiffs, (e) five Land Bailiffs, one Clerk-Senior Clerical & Accounting Staff (Local Section), seven Clerks :-Junior Clerical Service (Chinese), seven Office Attendants and Messengers.

EXPENDITURE.

2. The statement of costs is as follows:--

Personal Emoluments (Salaries, etc.)

$341,350.00

Boundary Stones

1,825.45

Survey of Colony

1,292.76

Surveying Instruments and Contingencies

1,115.93

Transport & Travelling Expenses

2,993.07

Upkeep of Triangulation Monuments

26.50

Drawing Materials and Mounting Plans

3,074.24

Incidental Expenses, General

296.98

Uniforms

176.00

Electric Fans, Lights and Gas

1,831.10

General Works-"Miscellaneous, New Kowloon"

General Works Miscellaneous, Kowloon"

General Works-"Miscellaneous, Hong Kong"

3.50

Total

$353,985.53

a

on long leave.

b

one acting as Valuation & Resumption Officer, one on long leave and one newly

appointed.

C two promoted to Third Class Assistant Land Surveyors and two newly appointed.

d

one seconded to the Buildings Ordinance Office and one seconded to Valuation &

Resumption Office during the early part of the year.

e including one seconded from District Office, North on 24.10.38

Q: 69

REVENUE.

3. The total amount of revenue received for the year 1938 was:-

Premia

Boundary Stone Fees & Survey Fees

Permits, Fees from

Plans sold to the Public

Temporary Piers, Fees from

Total

$1,199,510.47

23,941.25

354,548.71

.1,432.00

11,294.98

$1,590,727.41

Note:-The above amount includes sums of $22,936.44 and $4,935.70 collected by the District Officer, North and District Officer, South respectively during the year.

CROWN LANDS.

4. Land Sales, Extensions, Grants etc.:-The total amount of premia paid into the Treasury during the year was $1,231,221.99 of which $23,941.25 was derived from fees for survey and boundary stones. The estimates for the year were $355,000.00 for premia on new leases and $30,000.00 for boundary stones and survey fees. Table A gives a comparative statement and Table B gives a graph of the revenue derived from land sales, etc. for the year 1929-1938.

5. Sales by Public Auction:-These are included in Table A at the end of this report. The principal ones involved the sales in Kowloon of (a) two lots of 105,000 square feet and 39,000 square feet to the Tien Chu Manufacturing Co., which realized a premium of $86,400.00 and (b) a lot of 57,000 square feet to Mr. Luk Yuen Lok which realized a premium of $53,000.00; and in New Kowloon of two lots of 49,500 square feet each to the Kowloon Motor Bus Co. (1933) Ltd. which realized a premium of $123,750.00.

6. Sales without Auction, Extensions, Conversions & Exchanges:-These are all included in Table A.

7. Grants on nominal terms:-There was only one grant during the year and this was in Hong Kong.

8. Grants on short leases: There were three grants during the year and all were in the New Territories, Southern District.

9. Extensions of terms of leases: The leases of two New Kowloon Dairy Farm Lots were extended for a further period of ten years in each case without premium.

10. Piers: (a) Permanent:-In Hong Kong extensions of 1,000 square feet and 2,588 square feet were granted to Permanent Piers Nos. 19 & 24 respectively at a total premium of $2,824.00.

(b) Temporary:-Licences to erect three new piers, one in Kowloon, one in New Kowloon and one in New Territories (Northern District) were issued during the year. Total fees for the year for all temporary piers amounted to $11,294.98 and premia $1,247.00.

11. Re-entries:-Twenty nine lots in Hong Kong, four lots in Kowloon, four lots in New Kowloon, eighty one lots in the New Territories, Southern District, and four hundred and sixty four lots in the New Territories, Northern District, were re-entered during the year; and re-entries on eleven lots in Hong Kong, four in Kowloon and five in New Kowloon were cancelled.

Q 70

12. Permits to occupy land for short periods:-These were of a very mis- cellaneous character and too numerous to admit of individual mention. (a) In Hong Kong, Kowloon & New Kowloon, 532 new permits were issued and 331 cancelled for various reasons. The total number of permits in force during the year was 5,763 and the fees collected amounted to $352,503.90 (b) In the New Territories, excluding New Kowloon, the permit fees collected amounted to $2,297.51 in the Northern District and $447.30 in the Southern District.

13. Prospecting and Mining Licences & Mining Leases: No prospecting licences, mining licences or mining leases were granted during the year.

14. Naval and Military Lands: A Memorandum of Transfer of an area of 102,148 square feet at Lyemun was completed on the 7th March, 1938, and a Memorandum of Transfer of two areas totalling 27,000 square feet at Tytam Gap was completed on 27th July, 1938. A total sum of $70,406.40 in respect of these areas was credited to the Colonial Government by the War Department.

15. Cemeteries:-The Roman Catholic Cemetery in Kowloon was surrendered on payment of $18,189.00 and grant of a new site.

DRAWING Office.

16. A staff of one Chief Draughtsman and fourteen Chinese draughtsmen was employed during the year, two of the latter being seconded to other departments during the early part of the year. 9,434 plans as detailed below were prepared in connection with 65 land sales, 430 leases and miscellaneous permits, exchanges, etc.

Original Tracings. Prints. drawings.

Land Sales

Leases

Miscellaneous

130

390

860

860

216

6,978

130

1,076

8,228

One hundred and nineteen plans were prepared and sold to the public the sum realized being $1,432.00. A large number was supplied to various Government Departments.

TRIGONOMETRICAL SURVEYS.

17. Beacons were inspected at the following stations :-Summit Hill, Partridge Hill, Kowloon City, Diamond Hill, Tate's Cairn, Kowloon Peak, Beacon Hill, Lai Chi Kok, Danger Flag Hill, Mission Hill, Cha Kwo Ling, Tung Lung Island, Lam Ti, Shek Po, Kamtin I, Kamtin II, Kai Kung Ling, Au Tau Minor, Au Tau Main, Castle Peak, Castle Peak North, Castle Peak East, Castle Peak Pier, Un Tai Shan, Tai Lam Chung, Patsin, Tai Mo Shan, Stanley, Stanley Mound, Round Island, Overbays.

REVENUE SURVEYS & GENERAL.

18. The more important work under this heading included the following:-

HONG KONG ISLAND.

acres.

The Queen Mary Hospital and quarters were surveyed and plotted. Area 123

The new Road from Stanley Gap to Chung Am Kok-7,400 feet-was surveyed and plotted.

Q 71

5,300 feet of catchwaters were surveyed in Repulse Bay area and plotted to a scale of 1/600.

The revision of the Peak district was completed and plotted to a scale of 1/600. Good progress was made with the reduction to a scale of 1/2400 and the tracings of the Island of Hong Kong.

A triangulation station at Chung Am Kok was valued from triangulation stations at Overbays, Stanley, Round Island and Stanley Mound.

Sham Wan Cemetery-area 8.86 acres, was set out.

The latitude and longitude of the Colony's W/T stations were checked for the Postmaster General.

A considerable amount of survey work was carried out and plans made for the Military Authorities including W. D. Lot No. 3-area 165,700 square feet, W. D. Lot No. 4-area 99,565 square feet, W. D. Lot No. 6-area 333,000 square feet.

A survey was made and plotted of an area of 90,200 square feet adjoining Arsenal Street.

NEW KOWLOON.

The urn cemetery at Hammer Hill was set out. Area 90 acres.

NEW TERRITORIES.

The proposed site of Kowloon golf course at Taipo Tsai was set out. Area 118 acres.

Tsun Wan Marine Lot No. 8 was set out. Area 49 acres.

The survey of Taipo Market and environs was completed. Area 297 acres--a plan on 1/2400 scale was forwarded to the Town Planing Office.

A survey was commenced of Taipo Kau forestry reserve, traverses made totalled 22,090 feet.

The boundary between New Kowloon and the New Territories from N.K.M.L. No. 1 Kau Pa Kang to N.K. Cemetery No. 7, Anderson Road, length 69,350 feet, was surveyed and plotted.

The catchwater, adjoining stream courses and footpaths from Kowloon Main Reservoir to the north of Statute Rock were surveyed-chainage 20,400 feet of which 10,500 feet was plotted.

Numerous lots totalling 14 acres in D.D. 34 and 3 acres in D.D. 36 were set out.

Lot No. 1529 D.D. 123 was set out-area 73 acres.

19. The following roads were surveyed, plotted to scale of 1/600 and reduced to a scale of 1/2400.

New road from Customs Pass to Tate's Cairn-chainage 15,800 feet.

New road from Sha Tin Pass to Tate's Cairn-chainage 5,600 feet.

Portion of the new road from Customs Pass to Clear Water Bay-chainage 38,100 feet.

Jat Incline from Sai Kung Road to Tate's Cairn-chainage 11,150 feet.

Taipo Road from 6 mile stone to Taipo Market-chainage 50,100 feet.

Road from Sha Tin to Tao Fong Shan-chainage 5,650 feet.

Au Tau to Kamtin Aerodrome-chainage 16,400 feet.

Q 72

20. Surveys were made in detail for plans to be attached to crown leases of 398 lots. These surveys entailed very accurate measurements of all boundaries, dimensions in every case being given to the nearest inch. Co-ordinate values of each angle of a lot were obtained and areas computed by double departures. Particulars of tenure etc. were prepared in each case and forwarded to the Land Officer.

21. Surveys were made of twenty one lots for plans to be attached to deeds of surrender.

22. The boundaries of 259 areas (building lots, permit areas, quarries etc.) were set out and the frontage lines to streets of 191 lots were checked.

23. 1,491 stones were fixed to define the boundaries of 410 lots and forty four concrete boundary posts to define cemeteries and quarries.

24. Ten boundary stones and two concrete posts were fixed to define. the boundary of New Kowloon between N.K.M.L. No. 1, Kau Pa Kang and N.K. Cemetery No. 7, Sai Kung Road.

25. Forty three picket boxes were fixed during the year.

26. Boundaries of numerous lots and street alignments were set out for the Roads and Drainage sub-Departments.

27. Sixteen surveys were made and plans prepared for the Police Department in connection with criminal cases.

28. The annual perambulation of the Anglo-Chinese boundary and inspection of boundary marks was not made owing to the Sino-Japanese hostilities.

SURVEY OF COLONY.

29. The following tabulated statement shows the work done under this heading-

Area surveyed

Locality.

in acres

Area

plotted

Chainage in feet.

in acres

Scale 1/600

Area in

acres

Reduced to 1/2400 Scale

Hong Kong Island.

City of Victoria

Wongneichong

9.30

9.30

9,450

5.00

Tai Hang

Shaukiwan

Lyemun

6.50

6.50

12,500

Quarry Bay

Pokfulam

5.10

5.10

6,950

Kai Lung Wan

Stanley

Tytam

30.70

30.70

30,500

30.70

Pottinger Gap

Area

Q 73

Locality.

surveyed in acres

Area plotted

in acres

Scale 1/600

Chainage in feet.

Area in

acres

Reduced to 1/2400

Scale

Repulse Bay

2.00

2.00

5,000

2.00

Kellett Island

2.30

2.30

2,700

2.30

Kowloon

22.80

22.80

15,320

22.80

New Kowloon

53.00

48.00

29,500

48.00

New Territories.

Ngau Tau Kok

25.00

25.00

11,800

25.00

Taipo Market

91.50

93.00

26,000

93.00

Taipo Tsai

118.00

118.00

21,860

118.00

Tsun Wan Market

38.00

31.00

16,500

Kun Tong

81.00

81.00

28,100

81.00

Hang Hau

31.00

31.00

10,500

Tseng Lau Chu

13.00

13.00

4,300

Sha Tin

4.00

4.00

2,200

Chi Wan Kok

6.00

6.00

4,200

Shek Li Pui

3.00

4.00

2,000

4.00

Castle Peak

15.00

14.00

4,000

Ping Shan

4.00

1.00

1,000

Cheung Shu Tan, D.D.

34 & D.D. 36

35.00

35.00

7,900

Kamtin

15.00

6.00

21,700

Cheung Chau

9.00

9.00

5,900

9.00

Tai O

22.00

22.00

4,300

22.00

REVISION.

Hong Kong Island.

City of Victoria

26.00

26.00

38,700

9.00

The Peak

114.40

123.85

58,650

266.35

Pokfulam

2.24

2.24

2,410

Repulse Bay

6.60

6.60

7,450.

3.60

Stanley

3.07

3.07

3,730

1.66

Quarry Bay

1.30

1.30

4,100

Kowloon

39.00

39.00

12,800

39.00

New Kowloon

36.00

36.00

17,720

36.00

Q 74

30. Traverses The following traverses were run :—

Locality.

Chainage in feet.

Misclose.

Angular

Linear

From Sta. No. 36 Anderson Road to Sta.

No. 13 Sai Kung Road

4,588

2'00"

1 in 13,375

From Sha Tin Trig. Sta. to P.B. No. 265

Taipo

23,700

3′00′′

1 in 8,500

From Tate's Cairn Trig. Sta. to P.B.

No. 239 Jat Incline

7,663

2'00"

1 in 14,000

From Sta. No. 4 Customs Pass to Tate's

Cairn Trig. Sta.

14,000

3'00"

1 in 13,565

From Sta. No. 36 Customs Pass to High

Junk Peak Trig. Sta.

34,485

1′30′′

1 in 20,400

From P.B. No. 270 to P.B. No. 274

Taipo Market

9,100

1'40"

1 in 11,200

From P.B. No. 20 Sha Tin Rly. Sta. to

Sta. No. 8 Taipo Road

7,877

2'30"

1 in 13,250

From Sta. No. 71 Taipo Road to Sta.

No. 23 Kowloon Tong

14,755

1′40′′

1 in 10,470

1

From P.B. No. 229 Diamond Hill to P.B.

No. 60 Chuk Un Village

15,175

2′26′′

1 in 8,500

From Sta. No. 66 Diamond Hill to Sta.

No. 23 Kowloon Tong

13,420

1′20′′

1 in 11,400

From Stanley Gap along new Road to

Chung Am Kok

9,000

0'6"

1 in 11,450

Au Tau Min Trig. Sta. to She Kong

Trig. Sta.

14,060

0'40"

1 in 40,700

Round Wing Loong Wai, Fu Sha Wai and

Kamtin Villages, South of Main Rd.. 20,700

1′0′′

1 in 5,000

Kamtin Villages North of Main Road

7,200

0'4"

1 in 22,600

Sundry traverses in Hong Kong to replace

stations of main traverses, aggregating. 28,800

av.

05"

av. 1 in 15,200

Round Harlech & Lugard Roads

11,260

2'00"

1 in 10,000

Along Plunketts Road

1,500

· 10"

1 in 7,500

Middle Gap Road and Mount Cameron

Road

5,060

14′′

1 in 9,000

31. Large Scale Maps :-In Hong Kong 36 new size survey sheets scale 1/600 and 2 sheets scale 1/2400 were taken up. The revision of the Peak district was completed and plotted on scale 1/600 and alterations reduced to scale of 1/2400.

In Kowloon and New Kowloon 13 new size survey sheets scale 1/600 and 2 sheets scale 1/2400 were taken up and in the New Territories plotting was started on 74 new sheets scale 1/600 and 4 sheets scale 1/2400.

Appendix R.

REPORT OF THE GENERAL POST OFFICE, HONG KONG,

FOR THE YEAR 1938.

(A) POST OFFICE.

STAFF.

No changes in the Senior Staff occurred during the year.

MAILS, REGISTERED ARTICLES & PARCELS.

2. Full details are shown in Tables I, II and III.

3. The Empire Air Mail Scheme, under which all first class mail between participating countries is carried by air as the normal means of transport, was extended to include Hong Kong in September.

4. The total weight of air mail received and despatched by all air lines during the year was 439,989 lbs. as compared with 89,316 lbs. in 1937 an increase, mainly due to the Empire Air Mail Scheme, of 350,673 lbs.

5. The total number of parcels handled shows a large increase over the 1937 figures. The increase was due to the maintained improvement in local trade and to the continued diversion to Hong Kong services of a considerable amount of traffic which, under normal conditions, would be routed direct to Chinese Offices of exchange.

REVENUE & EXPENDITURE.

6. Tables IV and V show comparative figures for 1937 and 1938 under separate sub-heads and Table VI comparative totals for the past ten years.

7. The balance of revenue over the expenditure charged against the depart- mental vote was $1,848,410.

8. The increase in expenditure was mainly due to the payments required in connection with the Empire Air Mail Scheme and additional transit charges incurred as a natural result of a general increase in the mails. Revenue again improved and exceeded the .1937 figure which stood as the previous high record. Heavier mails due to abnormal conditions, and a full year's working of the Pan American Airways Service were the causes contributing to the expansion in Revenue.

9. Tables VII and VIII provide details relating to the sale of postage stamps.

MONEY ORDER OFFICE.

10. The combined totals of the year's transactions in Money Orders and British Postal Orders show an increase of £21,609.9.3d. as compared with the figures for 1937.

11. Full details are shown in Tables IX, X and XI.

CHINESE DELIVERY SECTION.

12. During the year this section handled 9,171,727 ordinary letters and 689,952 other articles as compared with 7,895,179 and 462,272 in 1937.

R 2

13. The registered articles delivered totalled 175,574 of which 58,024 were from the United States of America and Canada and 117,550 from China and other countries, showing an increase of 27,989 as compared with 147,585 in 1937.

14. 7,564 Insured packets were dealt with as against 5,196 in 1937.

15. The total number of Private Letter Boxes in this section was 372 an increase of 88 as compared with 284 in 1937.

(B) RADIO TRAFFIC OFFICE.

(C) WIRELESS.

16. Expenditure for technical staff, provision and maintenance of equipment was transferred to the Post Office Departmental Vote as from 1st January 1938.

TRAFFIC.

17. The commercial fixed station services were taken over by Cable and Wireless Limited as from 1st January 1938 and the Government paid services now include only mobile station and press.

18. During the year all private reception of press traffic previously done under licence from the Government was taken over the commencing dates being

1st May 1st August

1st September

1st November

.Changsha and Transocean news.

.Reuters Press News.

Domei, Japanese (English & Romanized). Unipress News.

19. Details of the traffic handled by the Government services both paid and unpaid are shown in Table XII.

20. The record of maintenance and new installations during the year is as follows:-

CAPE D'AGUILAR.

Various machines and transmitters have been attended to and overhauled during the year.

All apparatus, masts and buildings, maintained in a satisfactory manner. Towards the end of the year the monthly working hours of the plant constituted a record for all time past.

BROADCASTING SERVICES.

ZBW and ZEK Transmitters and associated running machinery re-installed in the new building at Hung Hom.

The new locally built ZEK Transmitter put into service, after which dual full- time European and Chinese programmes instituted.

Two new 180 ft. self-supporting lattice-work masts erected.

Station site levelled and turfed.

Various machines overhauled.

Building erected by contractor for housing the new Diesel engine and alter- nator, and installation of plant commenced. All apparatus maintained in a satisfactory manner.

R 3

AVIATION SERVICES.

New type RG34A Receiver installed.

Working hours of Station increased due to night flying.

All apparatus maintained in a satisfactory manner.

A new transmitter, type S8A. installed at Hung Hom.

VICTORIA PEAK.

Several new receivers installed and old ones overhauled.

Special new aerials erected for re-broadcasting Daventry.

All apparatus maintained in a satisfactory manner.

GOVERNMENT RADIO OFFICE.

The Radio Telegraph Office, in P. & O. Building (for Fixed Station Communica- tion) closed down when the Commercial Services were taken over by Messrs. Cable & Wireless Ltd. at the beginning of the year.

Masts removed from roof of P. & O. Building.

Press Services inaugurated for the reception and dissemination of news to press agencies by Government.

All apparatus maintained in a satisfactory manner.

OBSERVATORY MARINE AND METEOROLOGICAL STATION.

Facilities provided for the simultaneous operation of Stonecutter's control with

Cape D'Aguilar for Weather Reports.

All apparatus maintained in a satisfactory manner.

WATER POLICE AND HARBOUR SERVICES.

W/T apparatus removed from stranded tug "Kau Sing". Equipment at various

out-stations and on Police launches reconditioned.

All apparatus maintained in a satisfactory manner.

HOSPITALS' ELECTRO-MEDICAL AND W/T APPARATUS.

New Diffusion Amplifier installed at Queen Mary Hospital.

Extensive modifications to X-ray equipment.

All apparatus maintained in a satisfactory manner.

RADIO LABORATORY & WORKSHOPS.

Moved into new premises at Arsenal Yard and installed new machine-tool equipment in workshops.

New testing equipment installed in special mountings in laboratory. test room constructed.

Screened

Repairs carried out and new parts made up for all Stations and Services.

- R 4 -

INSPECTION AND LICENSING.

Full Wireless Surveys and P.O. inspections carried out on numerous merchant ships.

Various districts checked for Broadcasting Licences. made, resulting in convictions with fines.

REVENUE & EXPENDITURE.

Numerous prosecutions

21. Tables XIII and XIV show comparative figures for 1937 and 1938 under separate sub-heads and Table XV comparative totals for the past six years.

22. Wireless Licences issued during the year were :-

Ship Station

Amateur Transmission Station

Dealers

Limited Receiving & Publishing Radio Station Licences.

Full term Broadcasting Receiving

Short term Broadcasting Receiving

76

17

84

19

.10,567

125

27th February, 1939.

E. I. WYNNE-JONES,

Postmaster General.

R 5-

Table I.

MAILS RECEIVED AND DESPATCHED DURING THE YEARS 1937 AND 1938.

Receptacles For H.M.

Steamers and

For and

from

Ships on China

For Foreign Receptacles Men-of-

in transit.

Hong Kong. Station.

War.

Aeroplanes Carrying Mails.

Received in 1937

5,376

53,153

5,431

1,551

156,906

Received in 1938

55,345

7,464

1,676

224,313

4,721

Increase

2,192

2,033

125

67,407

Decrease

655

Despatched in 1937 ...

44,416

3,257

1,084

5,577

Despatched in 1938

46,899

3,965

1,282

4,682

Increase

2,483

708

198

Decrease

895

Table II.

STATISTICS OF INTERNATIONAL AND HONG KONG CORRESPONDENCE FOR 1938.

REGISTERED ARTICLES.

Posted and delivered at

Posted at Hong Kong

Received from other

for other Countries.

Hong Kong.

1938

35,859

421,892

Countries In Transit.

for Hong Kong.

720,778

Total Number.

135,660 1,314,189

1937

47,968

323,770 432,915

81,609

886,262

Increase

98,122 287,863 54,051

427,927

Decrease

12,109

INSURED LETTERS.

Posted at

Received

Hong Kong for other

from other

In Transit.

Countries for

Total Number.

Countries.

Hong Kong.

1938

1937

9,026

9,907

1,213

20,146

:

4,149

6,667

1,452

12,268

Increase

4,877

3,240

7,878

Decrease

239

•

Table III.

R 6

Received

Total

Locally

Posted.

In

Des-

for delivery

Total

Total

Comparison with 1937.

Transit.

patched.

in Hong

1938.

1937.

Increase.

Kong.

Decrease.

London, Insured

511

121

632

2,102

2,734

2,890

156

}

London, Ordinary

6,636

5,945.

12,581

13,686

26,267

31,506

5,239

London, Cash on Delivery

5

5

-374

379

421

42

United States of America, Honolulu and Manila

12,330

207

12,537

26,600

39,137

33,005

6,132

French Parcels by French Ships

1,924

1,924

1,039

885

China Parcels

86,552

2,117

88,669

68,475

157,144

57,407

99,737

India, Insured Parcels

100

32

132

304

436

571

135

India, Ordinary Parcels

1,256

2,954

4,210

1,859

6,069

7,198

1,129

Indo-China Parcels

8,649

1,131

9,780

5,348

15,128

11,576

3,552

Straits Parcels

3,791

1,224

5,015

2,117

7,132

6,734

398

Australian Parcels

2,209

2,614

4,823

994

5,817

4,957

860

Dutch East Indies Parcels

802

824

1,626

307

1,933

1,631

302

Japanese Parcels

2,256

894

3,150

4,183

7,333

12,770

5,437

Miscellaneous Parcels

7,291

8,646

15,937

9,067

25,004

16,495

8,509

132,388

26,709

159,097

137,340

296,437

188,200

120,375

12,138

Parcels posted in Hong Kong for Local Delivery.

225

426

201

Total increase.

108,036

Ꭱ 7

Table IV.

A. POST OFFICE.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE 1937 AND 1938.

1937.

1938.

$

$

*Personal Emoluments

341,925

347,786

Other Charges.

Air Mail Payment

29,782

Air Mail Subsidy

119,126

100,723

Carriage of Mails Transit Charges

269,899

389,236

Cleansing Materials, etc.

1,039

1,123

Coolie Hire

486

388

Electric Fans & Light

10,401

11,933

Gas

221

Incidental Expenses

809

790

Mail Bags, Parcel Boxes, etc.

4,581

6,546

Printing

384

384

Rent of Branch Offices

1,020

1,020

""

وو

Public Telephones

440

440

Stamps

Telegrams

29,009

35,253

807

787

Transport

1,037

1,389

Uniform and Equipment

6,309

7,694

Total Personal Emoluments, and Other Charges

787,272

935,495

Special Expenditure.

Pillar and Letter Boxes

Motor Mail Van

Electric Clocks.

New Equipment Registration Branch

Total Special Expenditure

Total A.-Post Office

483

938

4,299

349

1,636

483

7,222

787,755

942,717

*Includes Officers of Cadet, Senior Clerical and Accounting and Junior Clerical Services.

Postage, etc.

R 8

Table V.

A.-POST OFFICE.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF REVENUE 1937 AND 1938.

Table VI.

1937.

1938.

$

$

2,277,473

2,791,127

A. POST OFFICE.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE AND REVENUE FOR THE PAST TEN YEARS.

Year.

* Personal

Emoluments

Special

Total

Total

& Other Expenditure. Expenditure. Revenue. Charges.

$

$

$

$

1929

321,402

1,778

323,180

816,455

1930

405,640

1,161

406,801

942,236

1931

472,198

472,198

1,355,675

1932

519,458

519,458

1,283,301

1933

477,726

8,641

486,367

1,238,963

1934

440,744

2,520

443,264

1,188,375

· 1935

433,577

1,458

435,035

1,157,365

1936

497,480

497,480

1,380,823

1937

787,272

483

787,755

2,277,473

1938

935,495

7,222

942,717

2,791,127

*Includes salaries of officers of Cadet, Senior Clerical and Accounting and Junior Clerical Services attached to the Department, but excludes any expenditure not actually charged against the Post Office Vote.

- R 9-

Table VII.

COMPARATIVE TABLE OF POSTAL REVENUE FROM SALE OF POSTAGE STAMPS DURING

THE YEARS 1937 AND 1938.

January,

February,

March,

April,

May,

June, July,

Month.

August,

September,

October,

November,

December,

Total,

1937.

1938.

$

$

133,052.45

195,103.10

120,711.12

192,651.91

145,060.87

240,411.93

218,759.17

263,775.72

314,836.69

262,597.65

149,527.33

276,342.08

156,409.26

243,019.91

151,480.84

230,323.10

174,215.05

190,936.83

201,250.45

188,551.75

226,373.56

213,982.27

221,798.04

236,384.35

2,213,474.83

2,734,080.60

Table VIII.

POSTAGE STAMPS, ETC., ISSUED FOR SALE FOR ALL PURPOSES IN HONG KONG DURING

THE YEARS 1937 AND 1938.

Denomination.

1937.

1938.

Postage Stamps,

1 cent.

588,310

2 cents.

22

1,773,474

547,687 2,086,097

3

""

""

,,

وو

636,000 2,528,520

356,400

1,902,057

""

7,139,400

9,306,308

24,000

8

**

213,600

116,400

10

""

وو

787,200

1,359,817

12

""

15

""

"

283,200 1,049,068*

184,800

1,571,521

20

""

25

""

691,680 1,160,828*

288,120

1,526,104

30

252,480

426,444

50

""

528,360

533,256

1 dollar.

,,

206,280

309,832

2 dollars.

83,939

178,083

3

"}

,,

15,690

5

,,

19,230

""

28,573

•

10

وو

,,

14,434

16,806

Post Cards,

1 cent.

""

2 cents.

4

26,200

30,000

Postage Envelopes,

Registration

">

4

20

2,500

2,000

وو

وو

18,950

26,300

*Special Coronation issue on sale from 12th May to 31st December.

TABLE IX,

R 10

1938

1937.

INCREASE.

COUNTRY.

Orders issued.

Orders paid.

Orders issued.

Orders paid.

Orders issued.

Orders paid.

£

S d.

£

S. d.

£

cô

d.

£

S.

d.

ལ

£

Ꭶ .

d.

£

S. d.

£

CR

DECREASE.

Orders issued. Orders paid.

S. d. £

S.

d.

Great Britain

3,705

Co

Queensland

55

New South Wales

877

5,668 16

718

3,610

926

3,275

15

45 3 11

259 19 3

4,374 | 10

3

429

665 16

10

6,349

6

5

617

Victoria

95

473 18

69 3 11

519 11

26

12 O

1,294

52

South Australia

9

84

9

90

166 14

10

11112

CO H

1

81

Western Australia

25

7015

4

115

21

CO

Tasmania

9

25

6

11

20

CO

2,738

18 10

45 13

11888 |

82 13 11

44 14 3

New Zealand

60

828

10

69

799

Union of South Africa

95: 16 10

710 14

65 19

827

29 17

United States of America

1,026

11

2,723 8

933

2,228

93 7

Canada

151

687 14 10

109

11

1,868

41

13: 10

Philippine Islands

780

1,927

412

1,429

368

O7

29 4

494 18 9

497 15

111

116 9 4

1,181

Japan

2,182

11,656

6

2,842

1,051

Malaya

1,912

4

4,666 10

1,740 13

4,600

British North Borneo

26 10

10

1,460 16

97

1,320

Sarawak

4 16

298

9

8

6

128

Siam

31 10

165 12

90

158

COCO E CO 10

10,605

1

659

171

10

Macao

251

118

442

104

91111

65

140

CO

15

3

170

3

9 11

7

CO

58

12 10

14

191

11

China

11,055

8,822 12

6,511 10

8,285

India

4,759

7

817

2,048 5

1,279

114,543 17

2|2,711

537

5

462

Ceylon

825

125

431 16

91

34

106

Mauritius

674

9

9

246

12

French Indo-China

Netherlands East Indies

806 19

31 14

879

113

18 10

595 11

4,282

66 15

6 1,966

10 00

193

| | | │

427

17

283 12

2

!

Total.

£

27,779

6 10

51,495 18

8 19,740

4 189

1 39,192

£79,275-5-6.

£58,932-8-1.

2,315 19 | 10

9,256 14 8 16,975 10

£26,232-4-3.

Net Increase £20,342-17-5.

1,217 11 64,671 15 4.

£5,889-6-10.

Table X.

BRITISH POSTAL ORDERS ISSUED AND PAID AT HONG KONG.

ORDERS ISSUED.

VALUES.

Amount.

S.

d.

S

d.

S.

d.

S.

d.

S. d.

d. S. d.

S. d.

0.

6. 1. 0.

1. 6.

2.

6.

5.

0. 10. 0. 10.

6. 20. 0.

£

S. d.

Total in 1938

571

2196

1924

2274

3481

2588

447

5305

8375. 10. 1.

Total in 1937

572

2119

1705

1978

3216

2424

404

4632

7458.

8. 2.

Total in 1938

Total in 1937

Total in 1938 Total in 1937

ORDERS PAID.

No. of Notes.

6,444

6,296

Table XI.

STATEMENT OF LOCAL POSTAL NOTES ISSUED AT HONG KONG.

Amount.

£

S.

d.

3,842.

0.

0.

3,492.

10.

1.

VALUES.

Amount.

25 cts. 50 cts.

$1.00

$2.00

$3.00 $4.00 $5.00

$10.00

$

cts.

41

207

217. 25.

50

129

51

243. 50.

R 11

- R 12

Table XII.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF RADIOTELEGRAMS SENT

AND RECEIVED DURING THE YEARS 1938 AND 1937.

1938.

SERVICE.

FORWARDED.

RECEIVED.

1938.

TOTAL .

1937.

TOTAL .

msgs. words.. msgs.

words.

msgs.

words.

msgs.

words.

PAID RADIOTELEGRAMS :

Ships

Aircraft

4,300 47,857

24

12,107

104,373

16,407

152,230

16,657

155,921

2

10

5

34

78

1,323

Press (Commercial)

37,018 4,383,805

37,018 4,383,805

TOTAL

4,303

47,881

49,127 | 4,488,188

53,430 4,536,069 16,735

157,244

INTERNAL TELEGRAMS :

Steamer Advices and

Semaphore Messages

2

18

3,451 31,936

3,453 31,954

4,211

38,500

TOTAL PAID TRAFFIC

4,305

47,899

52,578 4,520,124

56,883 4,568,023

20,946

195,744

UNPAID TRAFFIC:

Aircraft Opp. Messages

Airstation

1,280

""

Aircraft Met. Messages

1,327

95 1,397 2,416 20,927

32,370 5,016 82,283

26,191

58

2,511 22,324

6,296 114,653

3,966

32,758

3,530

54,179

4

Airstation

2,112

46,479 3,224 68,924

1,331

5,336

26,249

885

25,916

115,403 4,327 132,585

TOTAL

4,814

106,437 10,660 172,192

15,474

278,629 12,708 245,438

Anti-Piracy Messages

Police Messages

Meteorological Messages

14,828

Rugby Press

23,823 1,213,079

420 375,916

46

1,354 15,594 72,967 15,640 74,321

4,930 293,056 12,491 119,826 17,421 412,882

711,704

38,651 1,924,783

420 375,916

15,168

72,584

20,072 603,424

38,082 2,059,058

516 360,609

League of Nations

གླ།

21

5,091

67

1,802

50

3,480

Navigational Messages

Health Messages

TOTAL UNPAID TRAFFIC.

Service Messages (Marine only)

24,735 1,117,833 63,080 1,960,009 87,815 3,077,842

2,448 26,636 2,236 22,797 4,684 49,433 47,078 373,497

TOTAL PAID TRAFFIC...

TOTAL UNPAID

SERVICE MESSAGES

GRAND TOTAL

23

56,883 4,568,023 20,946 195,744

87,815 3,077,842 86,694 3,354,570

4,684 49.433 47,078 373,497

149,382 7,695,298 154,718 3,923,811

42

952

109

2,754

24

550

50

5,077

100

8,557

103

7,816

13

86,694 3,354,570

R 13

Table XIII.

B. RADIO TRAFFIC OFFICE.

C.

WIRELESS.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE 1937 AND 1938.

1937.

*1938.

$

$

161,329

224,604

Personal Emoluments

Other Charges.

Cleansing Materials

148

199

Conveyance Allowances

1,270

Documents relating to Radio telegraph service

405

497

Electric Current and Fuel

12,737

Incidental Expenses

580

1,578

Rent of Offices for Radio telegraphs

18,000

3)

Public Telephones

390

312

Repairs and. Stores

Study courses

37,474

708

Telegrams

92

149

Transport

1,973

Uniforms

990

709

Total Personal Emoluments and Other Charges

181,934

282,210

Special Expenditure.

Wireless Instruments, Tools and Standard Meters

Total Special Expenditure

(B) Radio Traffic Office

Total

(C) Wireless

Miscellaneous

Services.

(Broadcasting)

9,578

181,934

291.788

65,740

79,000

* Technical staff, provision and maintenance of equipment transferred to Post Office, Radio

Traffic Office & Wireless Vote as from 1st January 1938.

- R 14

Table XIV.

(B) & (C) RADIO TRAFFIC OFFICE & WIRELESS.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF REVENUE 1937 AND 1938.

Messages Fees

Wireless Licences

Table XV.

1937

$

1938.

$

976,923

126,902

109,752

134,527

(B) & (C) RADIO TRAFFIC OFFICE & WIRELESS.

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE & REVENUE FOR THE LAST SIX YEARS.

Personal Emoluments

Special

Year.

and Other Charges.

Total Expenditure. Expenditure.

Revenue Message

Fees.

CA

$

$

1933

158,245

945

159,190

644,692

1934

158,301

* 158,301

640,923

1935

159,841

159,841

602,295

1936

162,473

* 162,473

678,063

1937

181,934

* 181,934

976,923

1938

282,210

9,578

(a) 291,788

(b) 126,902

* Includes only expenditure appropriate to administration and operating. Other expenditure

met from P.W.D. votes.

(a) Technical staff, provision and maintenance of equipment paid from Post Office, Radio

Traffic Office & Wireless Vote as from 1st January 1938.

(b) Commercial services transferred to Cable & Wireless Ltd. as from 1st January 1938.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Chart of Monthly Passenger Traffic Receipts 1936-1938

Chart of Monthly Goods Traffic Receipts 1936-1938

Chart of Monthly Goods Tonnage Handled 1936-1938

Chart of Financial Results

I.-General Survey

II. Transportation

1. Traffic

2. Rates and Fares

3. Operating

4. General

III.--Accounts

1. General

2. Statistical

IV. Mechanical Engineering

V.-Civil Engineering

VI.-Stores

VII.-Staff

VIII. Appreciation

Page.

1

2

3

4

5

7

7

10

10

12

13

13

15

16

18

18

19

19

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND STATISTICAL TABLES

(See page 20 for Index).

Monthly Receipts

IN

$10,000's

19 36

MONTHLY

RECEIPTS

IN

$10,000's

N

9 3

6

JAN.

FEB.

MAR

APR.

MAY.

JUN.

JUL

ANG

SEP.

OCT.

NOV.

DEC.

JAM.

FEB

MARI

APR

1

MAY!

6

B. THROUGH.

TERMINAL (AT 28%) BOMBING OF LINE

---- SECTIONAL

TYPHOON.

19 37

JAN.

FES

MAR.

APR.

MAY,

JUN.

JUL.}

AUG.

SEP.

OCT.

NOV.

DEC.

JAN

FEB.

MAR

APR.

MAY.

JUN.

JUL.

AUG.

SEP.

OCT.

NOV.

DEC.]

JAN.

FEB.

MAR.

APR.

MAY.

JUN.

JUL

AUG.

SEP.

OCT.

NOY.

DEC

938

$ 1-

MONTHLY PASSENGER TRAFFIC RECEIPTS 1936 TO 1938.

A. LOCAL.

SHUM CHUN CASINO CLOSED

3 7

T

19 3

8

JUM

JUL

AUG-

SEP.

OST.

NOV.

DEC.

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN:

JUL

AUG

SEP.

OCT

NOV

DEG

RECEIPTS IN

$10000's

MONTHLY

+

5

7

8

ด

S 2

MONTHLY GOODS TRAFFIC RECEIPTS 1936 TO 1938.

Q

3

C.H.R. CONNected to C.K.R..

N

9 3 3 6

MAY.

JUN.

JUL.

AUG.

SEP.

OCT.

'AON

19 3

..་

་འ

←

7

DEC.

JAN.

FEB.

MAR.

APR.

MAY.

JUL.

AUG.

SEP.

OCT.

'AON

THROUGH SERVICE SUSPENDED

FROM OCT. 12TH

DEC.

JAN.

T

3 8

9 3

FEB.

MAR.

APR.

MAY.

JUN.:

T

Tar

Aug,'|

SEP.

OCT.

NOV,

DEC.

5

MONTHLY TONNAGE IN

TONNAGE IN 10,000 TONS

JAN.

6

N

3

6

1

FEB.

MAR.

APR.

MAY.

JUN.

JUL.

AUG.

SEP.

OCT.

NOV.

DEC.

JAN,

FEB.

MAR.

APR.

6

MAY.

JUN.

JUL.

AUG.

3

7

1

S 3

MONTHLY GOODS TONNAGE HANDLED 1936 TO 1938.

1

SEP.

OCT.

NOV.

DEC.

JAN.

FEB.

MAR.

APR.

MAY.

JUN.

JUL.

AUG.

SEP.

OCT.

8

NOV.

DEC.

THROUGH

FROM OCT. 12TH,

SERVICE SUSPENDED

- S 4

S4-

FINANCIAL RESULTS

100% REVENUE

$1,901,883.32

70%

60%

OPERATING RATIO 50:97% 100% EXPENDITURE $969,464.84-

90%

80%

70%

THROUGH GOons 32 69%

30%

60%

LOCAL PASSENGERS 28.58%

50%

20%

MISCELLANEOUS (9-86%

40%

RUNNING EXPENSÉS 34.83%

THROUGH PASSENGERS. 17.12%

30%

MAINTENENCE OF EQUIPMENT 21-93%

110%

20%

| GENERAL EXPENSES 19.37%

10%

FOREIGN HAULAGE 3.27%

MTCE.OF WAY&STRUCT. 12.26%

· TRAFFIC EXPENSES IL-61%

LOCAL GOODS 1·48%

10%

10%

HOW THE MONEY WAS OBTAINED.] HOW THE MONEY WAS SPENT.

:..

A

S. 5

KOWLOON-CANTON RAILWAY,

Annual Report For 1938.

1.-GENERAL SURVEY.

1. (Railway activities throughout the period under review were dominated by the Sino-Japanese conflict. The year opened full of promise, due to the unparalleled growth of through goods traffic, and closed gloomily owing to the contraction of operations to the local service.

2. Receipts and net operating revenue were $1,901,883.32 and $932,418.48 respectively, as against $1,331,468.73 and $436,935.30 the previous year. Both these figures reached new high levels. There is little doubt that but for the unexpected stoppage of through traffic for the last 81 days of the year, net operating revenue would have passed the $1,000,000 mark.

3. Operating expenditure was $969,464.84 compared with $894,533.43 last year. The increase is accounted for largely by the marked advance in the average price of coal which rose from $12.44 to $21.96 per ton, and affected running costs to the extent of $110,668.37.

4. In order to cope with the abnormal conditions prevailing during the greater part of the year, the Railway was called upon to solve many difficult problems, not the least among them being the utilization, to the best advantage, of an organization which had been built up to cater primarily for passenger traffic. A heavy strain was put upon the resources of the Department, calling for the utmost effort from the staff and a maximum "user" of rolling stock.

5. CA Japanese invasion of South China, which commenced on October 12th and resulted in the capture of Canton on October 21st, caused complete disruption of the through service. The majority of the staff of the Chinese Section scattered, some proceeding to Canton, others taking refuge in Hong Kong. On the morning of the invasion, a small masonry bridge between Wang Lik and Sheung Ping, some 37 miles north of the border, was damaged by hostile aircraft. Delays in completing repairs to this bridge resulted in 6 carriages and 29 wagons owned by the British Section being detained in Chinese territory, while 15 locomotives, 24 carriages, 242 wagons and a 30-ton crane, belonging to various Chinese railways, were held in British territory.

6. Various structures on the Chinese Section were demolished by the Chinese Military forces during their retreat north. The more important of these, in order of mileage, were the Tong Tou Ha River Bridge (4 spans each of 40 feet), the East River South Channel Bridge at Sheklung (4 spans each of 224 feet, 2 spans each of 60 feet), the East River North Channel Bridge (3 spans each of 224 feet, 2 spans each of 60 feet), and the Shek Tan River Bridge (3 spans each of 100 feet, 2 spans each of 60 feet). These bridges are located 20, 48, 49 and 54 miles north of the border respectively. As far as can be ascertained, parts of the super- structures, and not the sub-structures, have been damaged.,

7. Despite the suspension of through traffic after October 12th, the Railway experienced a record year. Peak earnings were secured from goods traffic, rents, incidental revenue foreign line, and ancillary works. These sources, which are given in order of magnitude, contributed 11, 24, 7 and 307 times the estimated revenue respectively. The wide divergence between receipts and estimates is attributable to the fact that Sino-Japanese hostilities were not envisaged when the latter were prepared.

i

}

- S 6

8. An attempt was made in paragraph 26 of last year's report to forecast "trends". Considerable increases in income were anticipated from the through goods service, incidental revenue, and rents, while a large decline in through passenger receipts was expected. The stimulation obtained from the first three sources surpassed the most sanguine expectations, percentage gains of 237, 645 and 220 respectively, being achieved. On the other hand, through coaching

revenue followed the presaged course and tumbled more than 50 per cent.

9. The operating ratio improved from 67.18 to 50.97 per cent, the figure up to the end of September being 49.15 per cent.

10. The outstanding traffic feature of the year was the phenomenal growth of through goods traffic. Railings aggregated 456,146 tons compared with 166,438 tons in 1937, and 60,732 tons in 1936, corresponding revenue being $621,787.28, $167,556.45, and $44,694.93.

This

11. (Local passenger receipts appreciated to the extent of 61.71%. substantial growth is ascribable to the increase in resident population caused by the influx of refugees from China) The gain during the first 9 months of the year approximated 50%, and during the last 24 months 118%.

12. Co-ordination between road and rail interests was obtained when a motor rail-bus operated a shuttle service between Fanling and Taipo Market from May 1st, displacing the road buses which had performed a similar function since November 1st, 1932. At the same time both transportation systems were made supplementary by the linking up at Fanling Railway Station of the Un Long- Sheung Shui and the Shataukok-Fanling bus services. The rail-bus was constructed at the Hung Hom locomotive workshops on novel lines, two Bedford 3-ton lorry chassis being welded back to back and fitted with cast steel wheel discs to supplement the pneumatic tyres. The financial results were most gratifying, and it is highly probable that the profits from two years of operation will exceed the capital outlay.

13. At the end of May, twenty new all-steel covered goods wagons were purchased from the Chinese Ministry of Communications at particularly favourable rates. These wagons have a capacity of 40 tons and were made in Belgium. Their acquisition eased considerably the acute shortage of stock available for the carriage of commercial goods.

14. Mr. I. B. Trevor, the Traffic Manager, visited Hankow on July 1st to discuss with Canton-Hankow Railway and Ministry officials various outstanding questions relating to traffic. As the result of his visit, the allotment of wagons for the conveyance of commercial cargo was increased by 50 per cent, and a bi-weekly through passenger service between Hong Kong and Hankow was instituted on July 14th. This latter event was the most pleasing of the year, the innovation proving extremely popular. To obviate delays at Shum Chun, Chinese Customs officials were permitted to examine the baggage of down passengers en route between that station and Kowloon.

15. A head-on collision at Mile 8 on July 14th between an up (north- bound) special goods and a down (south-bound) local passenger train resulted in serious damage to rolling stock. The accident was caused by the carelessness of the driver of the special goods who forgot, apparently, that his train was not fitted throughout with continuous automatic air brakes, and ran through a station at speed in consequence. Luckily there were no major injuries to passengers or train crews.

16. The tripartite working agreement for through goods traffic between the Canton-Hankow Railway and the two Sections of this Railway was ratified on October 31st last year. Due to delays in transit, however, the copies signed by the Minister of Communications, Chinese National Government, did not reach Hong

I

!

$ 7

Kong until the beginning of March. It was found that the provisions of the agreement led to particularly smooth working. Minor modifications were made to the articles dealing with the division of transit rates when a precipitous decline in the value of Chinese National currency rendered such action desirable.

17. The Chinese Section of the line was bombed regularly by Japanese aircraft during the first 9 months of the year. Altogether, 1,490 bombs were dropped from 718 planes in 167 raids on 103 different days. The suspension of through traffic caused by these attacks aggregated 10 days, or 31% of the total period. Statistics kept since the first air raid took place on October 14th last year, disclose that the estimated damage per bomb amounted to $330 Chinese National currency, and that 83 per cent of the 2,216 bombs dropped did no harm to the Railway. The experience gained as the result of these raids confirms the opinions expressed by Dr. Ing. K. Remy, President of the Reichsbahndirektion Cologne, at the Fourth International Rail Congress held at Dusseldorf, Germany. Com- menting on the great value of railways in defence, he said "Railways, though possibly hampered in their operations, cannot be vitally wounded or finally eliminated by a series of destructive attacks.>'

18. Two locomotives and four goods wagons, owned by the British Section, were damaged during the air raids and subsequently repaired. It is believed that another wagon was practically destroyed,

was practically destroyed, although the report has not been confirmed.

19. Operating efficiency deteriorated considerably due to the aerial attacks. Running costs were affected so adversely that a retrospective study carried back for the past three years would be more academic than useful. The amount of wasteful work such as "standing in steam", performed can be gauged from the large decline in train miles per engine hour which fell from 7.48 to 5.42.

20. Extensive improvements to Kowloon Station were undertaken to increase its capacity for handling both passengers and goods. Two platforms were lengthened from 600 to 900 feet, and the north side of the yard was remodelled.

21. A considerable amount of work was performed on behalf of various Chinese railways. Goods and reception sidings were installed, and rolling stock was repaired, the latter task being facilitated by the loan of machinery from the Canton-Hankow Railway.

22. The Railway Reclamation, Kowloon, continued to be used for the storage of cargo, receipts from this source totalling $164,189.36.

23. Prospects for the coming year are obscured by the anomalous conditions prevailing in South China. Even if operations are confined to British territory, it is highly probable that income will exceed expenditure by a small margin. When normality has been regained, however, it is confidently expected that the British Section will play an important part in the progressive development of the vast hinterland by providing a vital transportation link between the Chinese railway system to which it is connected, and deep sea shipping. )

II. TRANSPORTATION.

1. Traffic.

24. The value of the results obtained during the year cannot accurately be gauged by comparison with previous figures, (owing to the abnormal conditions created by the Sino-Japanese conflict which affected, to a marked extent, both through and local traffic receipts. Consequent on the blockade of Chinese ports by the Japanese, and the closing of the Yangtze last year, Hong Kong became the main entrepôt for foreign trade with. China, and large quantities of cargo were conveyed via this Railway to and from the interior. Further stimulation was obtained through an increase in the Colony's resident population caused by an

S.8

influx of refugees. On the other hand, intensive bombing of the Chinese Section of the line caused considerable dislocation and curtailment of the through passenger service with a corresponding slump in receipts from that source. This state of affairs continued until October 12th when all through traffic ceased after a small bridge at Mile 52 on the Chinese Section had been hit by a bomb. Repairs were uncompleted when the Chinese military forces blew up all major railway structures before the Japanese capture of Canton on October 21st. For the remainder of the year, railway operations were confined to the local service, the northern terminal being withdrawn to Lowu which lies just within British territory.

25. Receipts from through passenger traffic declined by 50.46%, due to the circumstances outlined above, although the earnings per train mile improved from $10.45 to $16.17. The curtailment of the service resulted in only 622 express trains being run, as against 2,235 last year. Through passenger carryings and earnings are compared with figures obtained during the two previous years, in the following tables:--

Terminal Through Traffic.

1936

1937

1938

Passengers (Up)

690,981

669,545

271,301

""

(Down)

739,563

701,493

340,418

(Total)

1,430,544

1,371,038

611,719

Revenue

(Up)

$213,925

$220,441 $106,670

"

(Down)

211,925

217,532

113,817

"}

(Total)

$425,850

$437,973

$220,487

Sectional Through Traffic.

1936

1937

1938

Passengers (Up)

150,335

158,162

65,166

22

(Down)

151,796

173,187

114,462

(Total)

""

302,131

331,349

179,628

Revenue

(Up)

$85,264

$105,353

$45,062

""

(Down)

57,857

69,958

38,285

(Total)

"

$143,121

$175,311

$83,347 ·

26. A bi-weekly passenger service between Hankow and Hong Kong, which commenced on July 14th, marked a new epoch in travel between these two cities. The service was suspended from August 11th to September 19th, such action being dictated by the intensification of bombing on the southern section of the Canton-Hankow Railway. It was finally cancelled on October 12th. In all 29 trains were run; 13 up and 16 down. There were more down passengers than up, attributable to the evacuation of Hankow by refugees. Considerable revenue was earned in the up direction by the conveyance of parcels traffic. Two 40-ton wagons were attached to each train and even the combined space available in these vehicles and the luggage vans proved inadequate to accommodate all the parcels offering.

น

S 9

Details of the passenger and parcel carryings, and revenues earned, are given below:-

Passengers.

No.

Revenue.

Up

Down

1,435

$1,597.88

3,524

$3,298.75

Parcels.

No.

Revenue.

Up

Down

30,881

$10,062.96

3,612

$1,799.95

In normal times it is considered that this service will prove both popular and remunerative, as the rail route is much cheaper and offers a saving of five days over the alternative route via Shanghai and the Yangtze.

27.Local passenger receipts rose from $300,760 to $486,344 or 61.71%. The improvement was due mainly to the influx of refugees into the Colony, many of whom settled in the New Territories. Another major cause was the considerable movement of villagers from adjacent Chinese territory to and from the Colony, which took place for trading purposes after the suspension of through traffic. In this connection it is interesting to note that local passenger receipts during the last two months of the year amounted to $131,660.80 or 27.40% of the total for the whole year.

In normal circumstances a proportion of this sum would have been credited to sectional through traffic, as these villagers would have booked to and from stations on the Chinese Section. In a lesser degree the removal of the uneconomic overlapping of road and rail services between Taipo Market and Fanling has contributed towards the increase. Representations made to Govern- ment in 1937 regarding the fall in revenue between these two stations succeeded in obtaining its approval to the withdrawal of the bus service between these two points, and the substitution of an equivalent rail service. On May 1st a motor rail-bus shuttle service was inaugurated. This bus runs seven trips daily in each direction, stopping at two intermediate joints. Up to the end of the year 51,255 passengers were carried, the revenue earned amounting to $4,223.95. This does not represent the full value of the service, as receipts from ordinary trains between Taipo Market and Fanling increased by $3,256.95 or 389.45%.

A large pro- portion of this gain must be credited to the new arrangement.

28. The outstanding feature of the year was the growth of through goods traffic, receipts from this source rising from $167,556.45 in 1937 to $621,787.28 in the current year. The revenue earned is the British Section's share only and does not present a true picture of the work actually performed. (Outward tonnage advanced from 94,928 in 1937 to 339,560.02 in 1938, while inward tonnage rose from 71,509.67 to 116,585.91. The increase may be attributed primarily to the carriage to Canton and Hankow of large quantities of cargo consigned by Chinese Government purchasing Agencies in Hong Kong, and in a lesser degree to the conveyance of commercial goods. Far more outward commercial traffic could have been handled had there been no restriction in wagon allocation. The Canton- Hankow Railway was in a position to accept only 60 commercially loaded goods wagons per month, and this number fell lamentably short of requirements. scarcity of various commodities in the interior resulted in a tremendous increase in prices, and this combined with the wagon space limitations led to considerable abuse. Wagon space selling by transport agents, war profiteers and commercial firms became rampant, and the Railway was forced to restrict wagon allotment to reputable firms who could prove definite ownership of cargo. This method was successful in reducing the malpractice. The situation was further improved in July when the quota was increased from 60 to 90 wagons per month. A factor which influenced the movement of goods to a marked extent was the difficulty experienced in obtaining a regular and sufficient supply of wagons from the interior, due to continuous bombing and the commandeering of wagons for military use.

A

S 10

29. An encouraging feature of the year's activities was the volume of export traffic received at Kowloon.) Despite the abnormal conditions prevailing in Kwangtung and Hunan, large quantities of wood oil, tea, antimony, firecrackers, cotton, flax, wolfram and zinc were exported to Hong Kong. This, coupled with the number of applications received from commercial firms for wagon space, would appear to indicate that, in times of peace, the future prosperity of the Railway is assured.

30. Local goods traffic receipts rose by 59.22% from $17,706.59 to $28,193.15. This was due to two main causes; first, an increase in the output of lead concentrate from the Lin Ma Hang Mine which uses Fanling Station as a rail head, and second, the rise in population referred to in paragraph 27 of this report. Receipts derived from the activities of the Lin Ma Hang Mine were up by $3,781.76, while the growth in population resulted in the conveyance of more agricultural produce. Traffic was augmented during the last two months of the year by the transport of goods from Lowu to Kowloon and Yaumati which had been man-handled from Chinese territory to the frontier.

2. Rates and Fares.

31. Terminal through passenger fares were increased by 20% on January 1st to help counterbalance the large advance in the price of coal. It was felt by the two Administrations that the higher fares would have no adverse effect on the numbers travelling. The results obtained proved the financial soundness of the measure, the receipts per train mile improving by 54.74%.

32. The special competitive terminal through goods and parcel rates between Kowloon and Canton were doubled on and from April 27th, an exception being made in the case of Chinese Government cargo which continued to be carried at the old rates. Even with this increase, the average rate for all classes of traffic was only 4.46 cents (2/3rds of a penny) per ton mile which cannot be regarded as particularly remunerative, and which compares very unfavourably with the exceptional rate of 1d. per ton mile which was introduced recently on the Nigerian Government Railway for railings of a similar nature. It was certain that terminal through traffic could easily bear these new rates, especially so as they were substantially the same as those levied by the river boats and were still only 86% of the transit traffic rates for goods carried the five miles shorter distance to Shek Pai Junction. The effect of the change on revenue could not be gauged with any degree of accuracy, owing to the combined effect of the subsequent slump in Chinese National currency and the feeling of uncertainty in Canton business circles engendered by developments in the military situation.

33. Through passenger rates between Kowloon and certain stations on the Canton-Hankow Railway were introduced when the through passenger service referred to in paragraph 26 of this report was inaugurated in July. These rates were the sum of the fares charged by the Canton-Hankow Railway and both Sections of this Railway.

34. Local goods rates and passenger fares remained unaltered during the year. It is worthy of chronicle, however, that the zone rates for goods traffic introduced in September 1937 were instrumental in increasing the average revenue earned per ton and per ton mile from $0.93 and .059 in 1937 to $1.01 and .064 in 1938.

3. Operating.

35. To cater for the large volume of through goods traffic handled, it was necessary to run 2,034 special freight trains between January 1st and October 12th, an average of more than 7 per day. It was impracticable to run these trains to a definite timetable, owing to the necessity of making the fullest use of the goods sidings at Kowloon Station by forwarding trains as soon as sufficient wagons were loaded. A further difficulty experienced was the congestion at Shum Chun Station. The continual bombing to which the Chinese Section was subjected

་

S 11

rendered train working over that Section unsafe during the hours of daylight, and trains had, on many occasions, to be kept at Kowloon Station until Shum Chun Station yard had been cleared.

In

36. The bombing caused frequent dislocation of the through service, and punctuality of both local and foreign trains suffered severely in consequence. many instances, the destruction of communications precluded accurate informa- tion being received as to the availability of the track for traffic. This imposed an intense strain on the operating staff responsible for train movement and caused many stations to be kept open long after normal working hours.'

37. The average number of trains per day from January 1st to October 11th was 30, after which, due to the suspension of through traffic, the number was reduced to 19.

38. Local goods train mileage increased from 20,000 to 35,082 or 75.41%. This was due to the running of one local goods train per day in each direction. The new arrangement was instituted to prevent delays to local passenger trains which would otherwise have had to do the work, and which had already been affected seriously by the through service.

39. A new timetable was brought into force on May 1st when the shuttle service between Taipo Market and Fanling was inaugurated. In the preparation of this timetable, paths for special goods trains were left open at times which had been found by experience to be suitable, and for which engine power from the normal service was available.

40. The bi-weekly through passenger service between Hankow and Hong Kong, which commenced on July 14th and ended on October 7th, was operated with foreign coaching stock and locomotives. Trains were scheduled to depart from Kowloon every Monday and Thursday at 4.00 p.m., and from Wuchang every Sunday and Thursday at 10.00 p.m., the overall times for these journeys being 54 hours and 57 hours 35 minutes respectively. Delays were frequent owing to circumstances beyond the control of the Railway authorities. The service was maintained except for the period between August 11th and September 19th when passenger traffic on the southern section of the Canton-Hankow Railway was suspended due to bombing.

41. In addition to the 2,034 special goods trains referred to in paragraph 35, 98 special passenger trains were run during the year, 81 of these trains catering for through traffic and 17 for local traffic.

42. On July 14th, a serious accident occurred at Mile 83 on the British Section when a partially-braked special goods train ran through Shatin Station and collided with a local passenger train. Fortunately there was no loss of life and only slight injuries were sustained by the driver and fireman of the special goods and a ticket collector and four passengers travelling on the other train. Two locomotives, two coaches, and one 40-ton wagon, were badly damaged. The accident was caused by the failure of the driver of the goods train to make adequate provision for stopping his train at Shatin Station. A speed limit of 25 m.p.h. had been laid down for goods trains which were not fully equipped with automatic brakes in proper working order, and the driver failed to observe this rule.

43. Accidents, both operating and personal, are detailed below:-

Derailments

Collisions (4 minor, 1 major)

Train divided

Trespassers killed by trains

14

5

1

9

Trespassers injured by trains

6

Passengers falling off trains and injured

4

Engine failure

4

S 12.

Staff killed on duty

Staff injured on duty

1

5

The number of derailments increased from 4 in 1937 to 14, but these were all of a minor nature and may be attributed to the enormous increase in the amount of shunting work performed in Kowloon Station and Yard.

44. The purchase of the two small shunting engines in November 1937 proved to be a wise investment. The large increase in shunting necessitated the continual use of these locomotives, and their ability to perform work at greatly reduced cost resulted in a saving in coal alone of 593 tons, or $13,016. This represents a 62% return on the capital outlay.

.

45. The second-hand 5-ton, 4′ 8′′ gauge, steam crane purchased last year for the sum of $10,000 assisted materially in speeding up the loading of cargo at Kowloon. The net revenue earned by this crane during the year was $12,544.15. The 65-ton crane was also in demand, the net revenue accruing from its use amounting to $17,346.12.

4. General.

46. A request was received from the China Travel Service for office accom- modation at Kowloon Station for the purpose of dealing with the large imports of wood oil for which they were responsible. Great difficulty had been experienced in finding consignees, owing to the system of hypothecation of invoices to Chinese Banks following instructions issued by the Chinese Government relating to foreign exchange certificates, and it was felt that anything the China Travel Service were prepared to do to assist in relieving wagon congestion should be encouraged. An office was erected for them, therefore, on the verandah at Kowloon Station and opened on August 18th.

47. The stock of British Section wagons was inadequate to deal with the amount of traffic offering, and efforts were made to augment it. The Chinese Ministry of Communications was approached to see if it was willing to assemble twenty 40-ton covered goods wagons, the material for which was lying in the locomotive works at Hung Hom, and to hire them out to this Section. The pro- posal was unacceptable, but an agreement was eventually reached under which the twenty wagons were purchased at cost price)

48.

In order to relieve congestion at Kowloon Station and speed up loading, a special siding 1,607 feet in length was put in alongside the praya wall north of Blackheads. This siding was first used on April 20th and afforded considerable relief.

49. The Japanese occupation of Canton and the subsequent military operations in Chinese territory near the British frontier, resulted in a large influx of refugees. The Government endeavoured to feed and house temporarily as many of these refugees as possible, and all spare railway covered wagons were utilized to assist in this work. Three railway camps were established, two in sidings at Fanling and one at Gills Cutting. Special trains were run to place the wagons in position, and welfare workers organised by the Emergency Refugee Council were conveyed free of charge to and from these camps.)

50. There were 22 prosecutions during the year? all being convicted. Thieving was rampant due to the high price of scrap metal, and the large number of destitute refugees). Particulars of the prosecutions are subjoined:-

Travelling without tickets

Trespass

Theft

1

3

18

22

+

S 13

III.-ACCOUNTS.

1. General.

51. The Capital Account now stands at $20,737,858.81, having been increased by $261,155.30 during the year. The rise is due mainly to the purchase of 20 wagons, 2 shunting locomotives and a 5-ton crane.

52. The net operating revenue for the year was $932,418.48 and, after making provision for all interest charges, the net surplus was $834,739.77. This sum has been applied to the reduction of the accumulated deficits brought forward from previous years. The total accumulated deficits at the close of the year were $6,756,238.21.

+

53. The working results for the past five years are as under:-

Year

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

Gross Receipts.

Operating

Expenses.

Net Operating Revenue.

$

1,639,775.07

943,170.66

696,604.41

1,411,087.76

911,020.25

500,654.48

1,245,469.16

790,736.16

454,733.00

1,331,468.73

894,533.43

436,935.30

1,901,883.32

969,464.84

932,418.48

54. Receipts and expenditure under the most important heads are given below and compared with Estimates for the year and Actuals for the preceding year:-

Operating Receipts.

Actuals Estimates Actuals

Heads

1937

1938

1938

$

$

$

R 1 Passenger Service, Through

613,285 650,000

303,834

R- 1 Passenger Service, Local

297,412

268,000

480,495

R 3 Goods Service, Through

161,409

50,000

545,075

-

R 3 Goods Service, Local

17,597

16,000

26,228

d

R 7 Profit on Central Mechanical Works

12,786

200

61,331

R8

Rents

58,522,

7,900

187,260

R 9 Incidental Revenue

50,953 40,000

121,649

R-10 Foreign Train Haulage

92,606

62,137

Operating Expenditure.

Heads

Actuals 1937

Estimates 1938

Actuals

1938

$

E - 1 General Expenses

E2 Traffic Expenses

176,374 184,968 187,834

102,404 109,498

112,513

E- 3 Running Expenses

224,473

205,950

337,678

E - 4 Maintenance of Equipment

201,692

229,785 212,623

-

E 5 Maintenance of Way and Structures .

189,591

119,870 118,818

Large differences between Estimates and Actuals are explained by the fact that the former were prepared before the commencement of Sino-Japanese hostilities.

- S 14

55. Trends of various Railway activities are indicated below by comparing peak earnings with those of the current year:-

Peak earnings prior to 1938.

Source.

Earnings 1938

Amount

Year

Passenger Traffic.

$.

obtained.

Terminal Through

227,697

443,159

1937

Sectional Through

80,753

179,705

1937

Transit

17,136

Local (all stations)

486,344

704,183

1933

Local (Shum Chun only)

146,269

438,167

1933

Local (all stations except Shum Chun)

340,075†

271,630

1932

Goods Traffic.

Terminal Through

Sectional Through

Transit

Local

Miscellaneous.

154,711†

95,315

1937

53,477†

23,738

1934

413,599†

52,465

1937

28,193

34,031

.1927

Rent and Incidentals

Foreign Train Haulage

308,909†

109,475

1937

62,137

289,641

1935

† A new record.

56. General Expenses advanced by $11,459.17 or 6.50% over 1937 figures, on account of payments made under Personal Emoluments to meet the salaries of the acting Manager and Chief Engineer and additional staff.

57. Personal Emoluments allocated under Traffic Expenses were exceeded by $4,123.04, due to the necessity of engaging extra staff to cope with the enormous increase in volume of goods traffic.

58. Running Expenses rose by $113,204.90 or 50.43%. This was attributable mainly to the jump in the price of coal from $12.44 to $21.96 per ton which caused the original vote for this commodity to be exceeded by $123,973.29.

59. Expenditure on Maintenance of Way and Structures fell from $189,590.79 to $118,817.52, or 59.56%. This was due to the large outgoings on account of typhoon damage last year.

60. The Accounts Department had to face an arduous task throughout the year, ascribable principally to the fact that it acted as a Clearing House for both through and transit traffic. Gross cash receipts were $4,666,420.64 as against $1,981,175.44 last year, an increase of 135.54%, due almost entirely to the growth of transit traffic. To cope with this extra work, it was necessary to strengthen the staff by three additional clerks. When normal conditions have been restored, it is extremely probable that the even greater financial responsibilities will devolve on the Department.

61. At the request of the Chinese Section of the line and the Canton-Hankow Railway, the British Section undertook to prepare all division sheets for transit traffic. This arrangement facilitated settlements of monthly traffic accounts and enabled payments on account to be made by about the 20th of each month.

1

S 15-

62. The exchange rate between Chinese National and Hong Kong currencies Hluctuated considerably during the year. The rate opened at 1052 and closed in October at 1794, the highest and lowest points touched being 187 in August and 1051 in February.

.

63. The "transaction rate" between the two Sections, fixed at 100 by mutual agreement, gave reasonably satisfactory results until the middle of June when Chinese National currency commenced its tumble to new low levels. This unexpected development operated against the British Section. Negotiations for a revision of down rates and fares had not been completed when through traffic stopped. Losses from this source were more than offset by gains resulting from the apportionment of up transit traffic receipts. These were collected in Hong Kong currency, and it was necessary to make monthly payments on account to the other Administrations in National currency directly the division sheets were completed. Since National currency had usually depreciated between the times of collection and payment, profit to the British Section accrued. To obviate this state of affairs, the Tripartite Agreement was amended on June 16th. Up rates and fares were quoted subsequently in Hong Kong currency, and down rates and fares in National currency, the British Section receiving its appropriate share in Hong Kong currency as laid down in its Transit Rates Schedule.

64. The position regarding final division sheets is far from satisfactory. This is due to causes beyond the control of the Administration. The last Terminal and Sectional traffic sheets to be accepted by the Chinese Section of this Railway. were those for October 1937. Transit traffic sheets, on the other hand, have been certified by both the Chinese Section and the Canton-Hankow Railway up to and including June this year. Everything possible is being done by the British Section to facilitate a speedy verification of these accounts when normality is regained, including the preparation of inward division sheets up to the time traffic ceased. The financial state of affairs at the end of the year was that both the Chinese Section and the Canton-Hankow Railway had received preliminary payments, based on monthly statements of debits and credits, up to and including the month of August 1938, while the traffic balances held in suspense pending settlement of the various issues involved, were:-

Chinese Section

Through Traffic

Transit Traffic

Total

$46,821.31

65,201.08

$112,022.39

$234,032.09

Canton-Hankow Railway Transit Traffic

65. Depreciation charges on rolling stock for the year amounted to $53,050.97. ~ This sum has been included in the operating account. The amount now standing to the credit of Depreciation Reserves is $904,186.39.

66. Special Expenditure aggregated $333,777.28. This has been allocated as under:-

Capital

Revenue

Depreciation Reserves

$261,155.30 767.53

Government

2. Statistical.

66,231.45

5,623.00

$333,777.28-

67. The statistical section has continued to compile comprehensive returns of

the working of the Railway.

$ 16

68. The comparative statistics given in this report are of little value, owing to the over-riding influence of the Sino-Japanese conflict.

IV.-MECHANICAL ENGINEERING.

69. All locomotives, carriages, and wagons were maintained in as good working order and repair as the funds available and the exigencies of traffic allowed.

70. The workshops were employed to their fullest capacity throughout the The staff were worked at high pressure and responded most loyally to all demands made upon them.

year.

71. Considerable work was undertaken on behalf of the Canton-Hankow Railway. Four locomotive travelling cranes, and eighty 40-ton all-steel wagons were erected, tested and handed over. Five tender locomotives, thirty-one wagons, and one 30-ton travelling crane were either rebuilt or completely over- hauled. To enable this work to be performed, it was necessary to convert the painting shop into an additional machine shop, the requisite machines being loaned by the Canton-Hankow Railway.

72. British Section locomotives continued to haul the through mixed trains between Kowloon and Canton. To minimise the risk of attack from hostile aircraft, the departure from Kowloon was delayed until late in the evening, and the return journey from Canton was commenced in the early hours of the subsequent day. In spite of these precautions, the trains were bombed and machine-gunned occasionally. The two main attacks took place on January 24th and June 9th, and caused damage to the extent of approximately $4,500 to two British locomotives and four wagons. In addition, one wagon is believed to have been totally destroyed.

73. A "B" class locomotive damaged during the latter raid was repaired and subsequently painted black with red side rods and gold monograms.

This was done to save time. This new style of painting so enhanced the appearance of the engine that it was decided to standardize the method. Another advantage was the saving in money involved.

74. Owing to the demands of traffic, it was impossible to shop any of the "A" class locomotives for complete overhaul. Reasonably satisfactory main- tenance was secured by making full use of the three spare boilers which the Section was fortunate enough to possess. By this means no engine was out of commission for more than two days.

75. Two new copper fireboxes for "B" class locomotives, which arrived from England at the end of last year, were fitted into their boilers, one in January. and the other in April. In July, the 13 years old boiler of the remaining engine. developed a crack in its firebox tube-plate, and the locomotive had to be withdrawn from the service to await the arrival of a new superheated boiler which, although ordered from England early in January, had not been despatched by the end of the year. The fitting of this unit will complete the re-boilering programme, after which it is proposed to renew the damaged fireboxes of the two surplus boilers and keep them as replacement spares.

76. As the result of the collision between an up special goods train and a down local passenger train, to which reference has already been made in paragraphs 15 and 42 of this report, two "A" class engines, one first-class all- steel carriage, one second-class wooden carriage and one 40-ton covered goods wagon were badly damaged. The steel coach was telescoped to a far greater extent than the wooden one. The damaged stock was rebuilt before the end of the year, invaluable assistance being rendered by the Hong Kong & Whampoa Dock Company in straightening and annealing the main plate frames.

▼

- S 17

77. There were three broken axles during the year. The first occurred on January 16th when the driving axle of the "Canton Belle" fractured at Mile 101 whilst the railcar was travelling at speed. Due to the low centre of gravity of the car, very little harm was done. The second was an axle of a third-class coach attached to the evening express which snapped on May 14th while the train was travelling up the long 1 in 150 grade just north of Pu Kut Station. There was no derailment, and only slight damage to track. The third took place at Shatin Station on August 15th when an axle of the brakevan of a local passenger train broke when passing over the south points. The guard travelling in the van was unaware of the accident until his train had come to rest at the station. Thorough investigations into the occurrences disclosed that the first accident was caused by a convex fatigue fracture induced by faulty axle design; the second by a fatigue fracture originating from a tool mark; and the third by embrittlement through welding. Corrective treatment was applied to all axles rendered suspect by these investigations.

78. Water shortage became acute in August and the restrictive measures imposed by the authorities resulted in the Railway service tanks being unable to carry sufficient supplies. To obviate this difficulty, it was necessary to instal an electric motor and pump at the Hung Hom well, and to make the fullest possible use of the Taipo supply. While these measures were successful in maintaining a full train service, the cost of operation was increased.

79.

A rail-bus was constructed in the workshops, at a cost of $8,120.23, from two 3-ton Bedford lorry chassis which were welded end to end. The body was designed to carry 45 third-class passengers with their agricultural produce, and was fitted with wide central doors and corridors. The bus was put into service on May 1st and proved extremely satisfactory, maintaining a shuttle service between Fanling and Taipo Market without trouble. Its petrol consumption was 8.6 miles per gallon and its running expenses 13.2 cents per mile. It is believed to be the first railcar in China running on pneumatic tyres. These tyres are supplemented with cast steel discs. Its maximum speed is 37 miles per hour, and it has remarkable powers of acceleration and deceleration.

80. Four carriages were rebuilt during the year, two of them on account of damage sustained in the collision at Mile 83. Ten carriages were fitted with the new pattern sliding doors, and 20 were overhauled and painted. The remaining brakevans were provided with clerestory windows.

81. Thirty-six wagons were overhauled and painted, and three, severely damaged by bombing, were rebuilt. One of the latter was impaired to such an extent that it was necessary to convert it from an open goods to a bogie flat. Two 15-ton open goods wagons were rebuilt as brakevans.

82. This Section took delivery of twenty Mikado type locomotives which arrived at Hong Kong in April for the Chinese Ministry of Communications. Ten of these locomotives were supplied by the American Locomotive Company, and ten by the Baldwin Company. They were partly assembled at the works, steam trials were carried out to the satisfaction of representatives of the suppliers and the Ministry, and they were finally handed over in July.

83. Twenty new 40-ton covered goods wagons were purchased from the Ministry of Communications for $184,077.83 and erected and put into service in September.

84. The motor repair shop was kept fully employed during the year. In addition to normal repair work, major overhauls of eighteen lorries, two ambulances and two fire engines were carried out. Two new prisoner vans were built for the Police Department, and two new tipping lorries with cabs and bodies were constructed for the Urban Council. An improved type of ambulance body for fitting to commercial lorries was designed and built for the Medical Depart- ment, and is likely to be widely adopted as a standard emergency ambulance.

S 18

―

85. A number of accessories such as trolley stretchers, metal table wheeled stretchers, sterilising drums, splints, wooden and aluminium false legs and arms, and surgical instruments were made for the Medical Department.

V.-CIVIL ENGINEERING.

86. Way and Works have been maintained in good order and repair during the year.

87. The principal work undertaken was the construction of 19 private sidings, aggregating 30,035 lineal feet in the clear, for and at the cost of various trans- portation concerns.

88. Considerable improvements to Kowloon Station and yard were made to facilitate goods, and passenger working. Platforms 4 and 5 were extended from 600 to 900 feet to enable them to accommodate trains of 13 coaches. The goods platform was lengthened from 150 to 390 feet and provided with a motor car loading ramp. A goods office was built, and the north side of the station was remodelled to expedite traffic movement. The foreshore adjoining the praya was dredged by the Port Works Office to a depth of 8 feet below L. W. O. S. T., to allow large junks to get alongside the sea wall.

89. Double-wire signalling was installed at Fanling Station by the end of December to replace the single-wire system worked by pointsmen at the loop points.

90. Numerous alterations to sidings were made at the request of the Traffic Department.

91. The Painting Gang was fully employed throughout the year.

92. A new block of quarters consisting of 12 rooms and a club house was erected at Hung Hom locomotive yard to replace the fifty years old drivers' and fitters' quarters at Chatham Road which were beyond economic repair.

93. Detached kitchens were provided to Ganghuts 5, 6 and 7 and to the Traffic quarters at Fanling Station. This was the second part of a three years programme for the improvement of subordinate staff quarters.

94. A new office was built at Kowloon Station and rented out to the China Travel Service.

VI.-STORES.

95. Stores were well kept and maintained during the year.

96. There was an increase in the amount of stores purchased under local contract due to the large amount of work performed for Chinese National Railways.

97. The expenditure on coal was more than three times last year's figure, due principally to purchases made on behalf of adjoining railways, whilst the rise- in price of 76.53% was another primary factor.

98. The prices of other stores varied little throughout the year and remained substantially the same as in 1937.

99. The position of Railway Stores was as follows:-

Balance of Unallocated Stores at 31.12.37

Stores purchased in 1938:-

Coal

Sleepers

$118,507.99

$561,070.98

22,732.32

༈ར

Jaj

?

- S 19

By Local Contract

136,750.21

From Stores Department (oils, petrol &c.)

42.373.41

Other Departments

3,270.84

Crown Agents

90,865.63

857,637.81

Adjustment for stores not paid for

574.42

Total

$976,145.80

Stores issued

828,193.74

Balance of Unallocated Stores at 31.12.38

$147,952.06

VII.

STAFF.

100. The writer proceeded on long leave on March 5th and returned to the Colony on December 2nd. During his absence, Mr. E. S. Carter was seconded from the Public Works Department to act as Manager and Chief Engineer.

101. Mr. A. J. C. Taylor, the Chief Accountant, was transferred to the Treasury on October 23rd, and Mr. W. R. N. Andrews was seconded from the Harbour Office to act in his place.

102. Mr. I. B. Trevor, the Traffic Manager, proceeded on long leave on November 14th, and Mr. A. E. Perry, the Traffic Assistant, was appointed to act in his stead.

103. Mr. C. C. Stimpson was appointed Permanent Way Inspector on March 25th and arrived in the Colony on April 27th. Mr. T. Henderson, who was seconded from the Public Works Department to act in this post, returned to his Department on April 15th.

.

104. Mr. L. Sykes was appointed Senior Traffic Inspector on August 26th and arrived in the Colony on September 28th.

105. Staff strength at the end of the year was 568, comprising 353 monthly paid and 215 daily paid employees, as against the previous year's figures of 348 and 220 respectively.

154.

106.

The Railway Recreation Club membership at the close of the year was

107. The strength of the Railway First Aid Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade Overseas, at the end of the year, was 40 officers and men, all of whom passed the Annual Examination. Eight accidents were treated, the most serious being two cases of fracture of the skull.

108. The Railway Operating Detachment Cadre of the Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps was maintained at full strength throughout the year.

VIII.-APPRECIATION.

109. During the period under review, traffic reached limits never before attained, and taxed severely the resources of the Administration. When conditions like this prevail, staff strength invariably lags behind requirements due to the impossibility of obtaining additional trained men without the lapse of considerable time. This imposes a severe strain on all grades, and long hours have to be worked. Railway men are seldom found wanting when confronted by situations of this nature, and the staff of this Railway proved no exception to the rule. Their loyalty and devotion to duty through a period of unparalleled activity is gratefully acknowledged by the Administration.

R. D. WALKER,

M. Inst. C.E., M. Inst. T., Manager & Chief Engineer.

February 16th, 1939.

- S 20

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND STATISTICAL TABLES.

Summary of Operating Statistics

PART I.-FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

Page.

21-25

No.

1 Special Expenditure

26

2

Capital Expenditure

27

3 Operating Account

28-29

3A Reconciliation between Railway and Treasury Books

28-29

4

Income

30-33

5

Accumulated Deficits

34-35

6

General Balance Sheet

36-37

7

9

11

Passenger Traffic and Receipts (Analysis of Passenger Service)

8 Goods Traffic and Receipts (Analysis of Goods Service)

Miscellaneous Operating Revenue

10 Assignments of Operating Expenses

Unallocated Stores Account

12 Analysis of Traffic Revenue

38-39

40

41

41

41

42

13

Analysis of Expenditure

43-47

PART II-STATISTICAL TABLES.

do.

do.

F

do.

Table.

A Analysis of Operated Mileage

B Sleeper Renewals

C

OARE O

Classification of Rolling Stock-Motive Power

D

48

48

49

- Carriages

50

-Goods Wagons

51

Service Equipment

51

G Analysis of Steam Train Mileage hauled by British Section

Locomotives

52

H Analysis of Steam Train Mileage hauled by Chinese Section

Locomotives

53

T

Analysis of Railcar Train Mileage

54

J

Analysis of Carriage and Wagon Mileage

54

K

Timekeeping of Booked Trains

55

L

Statistics of Passenger Traffic

56-57

M Statistics of Goods Traffic

58-59

N Passenger Train Statistics

60

0

Goods Train Statistics

61

P

Consumption of Coal on Locomotives

62

OR

Q

Miscellaneous Running Costs and Performances

63

Ꭱ List of Employees

64-65

S 21

SUMMARY OF FINANCIAL AND STATISTICAL RESULTS

OF THE PAST THREE YEARS.

Head

List of Heads.

1936

1937

1938

No.

1

Gauge

4′ 83"

4' 8"

481′′

ار

2

Route mileage:-

(a) Owned-

(b) Operated

3

Track mileage

21.76

21.76

21.76

22.06

22.06

22.06

33.74

34.69

34.85

4

Gross Railway receipts

Railway working expenditure

6

7

*

號

454,733

1,245,469 1,331,468 1,901,883

790,736 894,533 969,465

436,935 932,418

8

Capital expenditure

9

Percentage

of net

Net operating revenue

Percentage of Railway working expenditure to gross Railway receipts

operating revenue to capital expenditure

63.49

67.18

50.97

$ 20,462,339 20,476,704 20,737,859

DATO

2.22

2.13

4.50

10

Capital expenditure per route mile

owned

940,365

941,030

953,027

11

Gross Railway receipts per route

mile operated

56,458

60,357

86,214

12

Railway, working, expenditure per

route mile operated

$

35,845

40,550

43,947

13

Passenger paying train mileage on

Home Line:-

(a) Local Traffic

104,659

91,449

119,777

(b) Through Traffic

60,445

59,607 |

20,136

(c) Total Traffic

165,104

151,056

139,913

14

Percentage of through to total

Passenger train mileage

36.61

39.46

14:39

15

Goods paying train mileage on

Home Line:-

(a) Local Traffic

21,965

(b) Through Traffic

(c) Total Traffic

20,000

25,262 33,903 59,735

47,227

35,082

53,903 94,817

16

Train mileage on Home Line:-

(a) Steam

208,071

204,802 216,936

(b) Railcar

(c) Total

5,532

213,603

208,132

19,985

3,330

236,921

S 22

SUMMARY OF FINANCIAL AND STATISTICAL RESULTS

OF THE PAST THREE YEARS,

(Continued).

Head No.

List of Heads.

1936

1937

1938

17

Average train miles per day per

route mile operated

26.46

25.84

29.42

18

Foreign train mileage hauled by British Section locomotives

141,471

121,825

47,952

19

Foreign train mileage run by

British Section railcars

89

887

20

Home train mileage hauled by British Section locomotives

..

193,203 173,862

199,329

21

Train mileage hauled by British

Section locomotives

334,674

295,687

247,281

22

Train mileage run by British

Section railcars

5,621

4,217

19,985

23

Home train mileage hauled by

Chinese Section locomotives

14,868

30,940

17,607

24

Haulage receipts

$

132,483

92,606

62,137

25

Percentage of haulage receipts to

gross Railway receipts

10.64

6.96

3.27

26

Engine mileage:-

(a) Steam

505,091 456,499

452,265

(b) Railcar

6,061

4,812

21,852

27

Percentage of train to engine

mileage:-

(a) Steam

66.26

64.77

54.68

(b) Railcar

92.74

87.63

91.46

28

Gross railway receipts per train

mile (Home Line) §

明

5.21

5.95

7.76

29

Railway working expenditure per train mile (Home Line) §

2.61

3.85

3.83

...

30

Engine hours

41,290

39,509

45,658

31

Train miles per engine hour

8.11

7.48

5.42

32

Number of steam locomotives in

stock

12

· 12

14

33

Engine miles per day per steam

locomotives in stock

† 105.4

104.2

88.5

S 23

SUMMARY OF FINANCIAL AND STATISTICAL RESULTS

OF THE PAST THREE YEARS, (Continued).

Head

No.

List of Heads.

1936

1937

1938

Passenger receipts:-

+

34

(a) Local Traffic

$

414,975 300,760

486,344

(b) Through Traffic

€

574,811 622,864'

325,586

(c) Total Traffic

$

989,786

923,624 811,930

35

Percentage of passenger receipts

to gross Railway receipts

77.87

69.37

42.69

36

Passenger receipts per route mile

operated

44,877

41,869

36,806

37

Passenger receipts per paying

train mile:-

<

38

(a) Local Traffic

(b) Through Traffic (c) Total Traffic

Number of passenger journeys:

(a) Local Traffic

#A

明

3.96

3.29

4.06

9.51

10.45

16.17

5.99

6.10

5.80

1,086,325 919,131,128;417

(b) Through Traffic

1,740,542 1,702,387

791,347

(c) Total Traffic

2,826,867 2,721,518 2,219,764

39

Passenger miles:-

(a) Local Traffic

14,102,047 10,960,398 17,430,243

(b) Through Traffic

38,104,412 37,285,202 17,377,069

(c) Total Traffic

52,206,459 48,245,600 34,807,312

40

Average Passenger Receipts per

passenger mile:-

(a) Local Traffic

0.029

0.028

0.028

(b) Through Traffic

0.015

0.017

0.019

(c) Total Traffic

0.019

0.019

0.023

41

Passenger miles per route mile

operated

2,366,566 | 2,187,017 1,577,847

42

Passenger miles per passenger

train mile:

(a) Local Traffic

(b) Through Traffic

(c) Total Traffic

135

120

146

632

626

863

316

319

249

S 24

SUMMARY OF FINANCIAL AND STATISTICAL RESULTS

OF THE PAST THREE YEARS, — (Continued).

—

Head No.

List of Heads.

1936

1937

1938

43

Average length of journey. Miles

18.47

17.73

15.68

44

Number of coaching vehicles in

stock

44

44

44

45

Coaching vehicles mileage

1,309,827 1,397,886

923,109

46

Carriage miles per day per

coaching vehicle in stock

81.5

87.0

57.5

47 ·

Goods Receipts:-

(a) Local Traffic

(b) Through Traffic

$

(c) Total Traffic

€

13,843

17,707 28,193

44,695

167,556

621,787

58,538

185,263

649,980

48

Percentage of goods receipts to

gross Railway receipts

4.70

13.91

34.18

49

Goods receipts per route mile

operated

2,654

8,398 29,464

50

Goods receipts per paying train

mile:-

(a) Local Traffic

(b) Through Traffic

(c) Total Traffic

明

A

0.63

0.89

0.80

1.77

4.94

10.41

1.24

3.44

6.86

51

Tons of goods hauled

78,721 185,389 482,070

52

Average receipt per ton of goods... $

0.74

1.00

1.35

53

Nett ton mileage of goods

1,555,102 | 3,926,221 |10,356,338

54

Average receipt per ton mile

0.038

0.047

0.063

55

Average length of haul of paying

goods traffic

Miles

19.75

21.17

21.48

56

Number of goods vehicles in stock

110

110

130

57

Loaded goods vehicle mileage

431,560 489,361

750,430

58

Empty goods vehicle mileage

145,455 218,013 318,310

59

Total goods vehicle mileage

577,015

707,374 1,068,740

Head No.

$ 25

SUMMARY OF FINANCIAL AND STATISTICAL RESULTS

OF THE PAST THREE YEARS,

(Continued).

List of Heads.

1936

1937

1938

60

Percentage of empty to total goods

vehicle mileage

25.21

30.82

29.78

61

Average Wagon load

tons

3.60

7.98

13.72

62

Wagon miles per day per goods

vehicle in stock

14.3

17.6

22.5

63

Coal consumed by steam locomo-

tives per train mile

lbs.

82.21

87.05

105.30

64

Lubricating oil consumed by steam locomotives per 100 engine miles

pints

15.1

13.29

13.83

65

Lubricating oil consumed by

coaching and goods vehicles.

per 1,000 vehicle miles ... pints

6.18

5.44

5.70

66

Petrol consumed per railcar train

mile:---

(a) Motor coaches

(b) Rail bus

gals.

gals.

0.351

0.359

0.358

0.128

§ Haulage receipts deducted.

† Receipts from all sources.

Average stock taken at 13 as 3 locomotives were handed over

to Chinese Section on 1st May, 1936.

S 26

PART I.-FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. Statement No. 1-Special Expenditure.

Expenditure during the year

Particulars

Estimates for the year

Allocations

Items Chargeable to Capital Account.

Sub-heads

Debit:-

33

New Locomotive Staff Quarters at

Hung Hom

$ 20,000.00 | 8 19 914.40

C-11-4 Staff Quarters.

34

Improvements 10 north side of

Kowloon Station

7,100.00

7 052.96

C-11-2 Station Buildings.

35

Detached kitchens for Staff Quarters

& Gang Huts

1.400.00

1.385.84

C-11-4 Staff Quarlers

36

One Neale's Token Instrument

1 350 00

1,300.00

C-10-2 Signals and Interlocking Gear

40.00

38

Double Wire Signalling at Fanling

Station

8 000 00

7,858.53

G-10-2

do.

41

Railbus for running a shuttle service

8 000.00

8,120.23

C-15-4 Motor Vehicles.

between Fanling and Taipo Market

121.00

42

Provision of fans in five 3rd Class

Coaches

900.00

134.00

C-15-5 Lighting and Heating Equipment.

44

Reinforced concrete road level cross-

ings

450.00

221.51

C- 7-2 Road Crossings.

One Travelling Crane and two Tank

Locomotives

31,000.00

31,000.00

C-15-1

Locomotives

.$21,000.00

C-15-6 Service Equipment

.$10,000.00

20 Wagons

* 184,400.00

184.077.83

C-15-3 Goods Wagons.

262,761.00

261,155.30

Items Chargeable to Revenue Account and Debited to Operating Expenses.

Debit:--

37

Additional Typewriter for Stores Office

400.00

352.42

E-1-53 Stores.

Repairs to Rolling Stock due to

Collision at Mile 8

+

415.11

E 34-4 Wreck Clearances.

400.00

767.53

Items Chargeable to Depreciation

Reserves.

Debit:-

39

Reconditioning of two Coaches

22,000.00

18,707.67

B-3-3 Depreciation Reserves.

40

One New Superheated Boiler for Class

B Locomotive

45,000.00

Reconditioning of two Class B Lo-

comotive Boilers

*

2,200.00

2,159.98

- do.

Repairs to damaged Locomotive and

Wagons

**

1,100.00

1,017.06

do.

One New "ACFI" Feed Water Heater

Pump

>

6,716.00

6,716,00

do.

Repairs to 1 Locomotive and 2

Wagons damaged by bombing

4,318.00

3,674,02

do.

Repairs to Rolling Stock due to

Collision at Mile 8

*

40,300.00 33,956.72

do.

121,634.00

66,231.45

Item Chargeable to Government.

43 Two new Saloon Motor Cars

Debit:-

7,000.00 5,623.00

Government Account.

Total

7,000.00 5,623.00

$391,795.00 $333,777.28

* Items voted subsequent to the preparation of 1938 Estimates,

† See vote under Items chargeable to Depreciation Reserves.

Statement No. 2-Capital Expenditure.

During the Year

Net Capital Expenditure

At the End of

the Year

7

Main Heads

At the Beginning

of the Year

New Lines and Extensions

Additions and Betterments

Property Abandoned

1

3

5

6

Part I-Construction Accounts.

C-1

General Expenditure

C-2 Preliminary Expenditure

753,619.68

80,045.23

$

753,619.68

80,045.23

C-3 Land

5,210,696.83

5,210,696.83

C-4

Formation

2,844,293.70

2,844,293.70

C-5 Tunnels

3,817,997.54

3,817,997.54

C-6 Bridgework

1,419,674.07

1,419,674.07

C-7 Line Protection

128,456.31

221.51

221.51

128,677.82

C-8 Telegraphs and Telephones

43,582.12

43,582.12

C-9 Track

1,074,055.42

1,074,055.42

C-10 Signals and Switches

97,007.06

9,248.53

C-11 Stations and Buildings

1,112,539.14

28,353.20

9,248.53

28,353.20

106,255.59

1,140,892.34

C-12 Central Mechanical Works

400,801.33

400,801.33

C-13 Special Mechanical Works

C-14 Plant

190.682.76

190,682.76

C-15 Rolling Stock

2,831,189.78

223,332.06

223,332.06

3,054,521.84

C-16 Maintenance

1,129.75

1,129.75

C-17 Docks, Harbours and Wharves

76,022.13

76,022.13

C-18 Floating Equipment

Total of Part I

20,081,792.85

261,155.30

261,155.30

20,342,948.15

Part II Financial Accounts.

C-19 Interest during Construction

C-20 Exchange (Commuted General and Bank)

701,705.62

306,794.96

701,705.62

306,794.96

Total of Part II

Total of Part I & II

394,910.66 20,476,703.51

394,910.66

261,155.30

261,155.30

20,737,858.81

Total cost of property carried to Balance Sheet

$20,476,703.51

$261,155.30

$261,155.30

$20,787,858.81

C-21 Deduct Receipts on Capital Account

S 27

Dr.

Previous Year

Percentage on Total

Operating

Expenses

Amount

1

S 28

Statement No. 3-

Operating Expenses

Current Year

Percentage

Total

0.1

Amount

Operating Expenses

C.

C.

176,374.36

11.61

8.10

103,873.97 72,500.39

11.45

102 403.57

MAIN LINE

E-1 General Expenses

Administration Special

E-2 Traffic Expenses

C. $

C.

187.833.53

119,764.74 68,068.79

12.35

7.02

112,512.89

11.61

224 172.93

E-3 Running Expenses

337,677.83

21.30

190.514.78

Locomolives

304.963.20

31.46

1.84

16,447.38

.30

2,699.31

Carriages and Wagons Motor Vehicles

12,667.10

1.31

4,903.83

.50

1.65

14,811.46

Traffic

15,143.70

1.56

201,691.78

E-4 Maintenance of Equipment

212,623.07

22.55

201,691.78

Locomotives Department

212,623.07

21.93

189,590.79

E-5 Maintenance of Way and

-:

Structures

118,817.52

20.65

.55

184,681.12 4,909.67

Engineering Department

113,774.91

11.74

Other Department

5,042.61

.52

100.00

894,533.43

436,935.30

Total Operating Expenses

Balance Net Revenue

969,464.84

932,418.48

100.00

1,901,883.32

100.00

100.00 1,331,468.73

(1) Operating Expenditure as per Treasury figure

829,837.00

(2)

Portion of Special Expenditure chargeable to Revenue

767.53

(4)

(5)

Services rendered by Government

(6)

(3) Depreciation on Rolling Stock

Repayments in respect of B-8 2 Payments made in advance

Pensions and Gratuities

(7) Rent and other special allowances to staff

(8) Staff Passages

53,050.97

4,406.57

11,390.84

61.854.01

11,345.16

9,000.00

981,652.08

Less Running Expenses of Government

included in (1)

►

Motor Cars and Lorries which is

$12,187.24

"

Major replacement of units chargeable to Depreciation Reserves

Total Operating Expenses

12,187.24

$

969,464,84

Statement No. 3A Reconciliation between

Expenditure

Amount

Expenditure as per Treasury figure:-

Operating Expenses

Special Expenditure

Stock on hand (Unallocated Stores)

829 837.00

333,777.28

147,952.06

Expenditure as per Treasury figure

$ 1,311,566,34

+

2

Operating Account.

Percentage on Total

Operating

Revenue

Previous Year

Amount

$ 29

Operating Revenue

Current Year

Amount

Cr.

Percentage

on Total Operating Revenue

C.

C.

22.34

297,411,65

.25

3,348.65

1.32

17,596.59

LOCAL SERVICE

R-1 Passengers Service,

Passengers

R-2 Passengers Service, Other R-3 Goods Service, Goods

480,494.72 5,849.20

*

C.

C.

25.27

.31

26,227.75

1.38

.01

110.00

R-4 Goods Service, Other

1,965.40

.10

.96

12,785.55

R-7 Profit on Central Mechanical

Works

61,330.93

3.22

4.40

58,522.09

2.89

38,507.95 428,282.48

R8 R-9

Rent

187,260.07

9.85

Incidental Revenue

28.973.86

792,101.93

1.52

THROUGH SERVICE

46.06

613,284.68

R-1 Passengers Service,

Passengers

303,833.96

15.98

.72

9,579.40

R 2

Passengers Service, Other

21,752.27

1.14

12.12

161,408.79

R-3

Goods Service, Goods

545,075.13

28.66

.46

6,147.66

.93

12,445.49

R-9

R-4 Goods Service, Other

Incidental Revenue'

76,712.15

4.03

92,675.44

4.87

6.96

92,606.24

R-10 Auxiliary Operation, Foreigu

Haulage

62,136.73

3.27

.58

7,713.99 903,186.25

R-11 Interchange of Rolling

Slock

7,595.711,109,781.39

.40

100.00

100.00

1,331,468.73

Total Operating Revenue

Balance Net Loss

1,331,468.73

(1) Revenue as per Treasury, figure

(2) Government Transportation.

(a) Passengers

(b) Goods

(3)

Government Rentals etc.

Sundry Debtors as at 31st December 1938

Total Operating Revenue

Revenue

1,901,883.32

100.00

1,901,883.32

100.00

.$ 1,782,287.74

31,563.17

628.15

11,879.27

75,524.99

1,901,883.32-

Railway and Treasury Books.

Amount

Revenue collected

Plus sundry credits due 1937 collected 1938

79

revenue collected 1937 paid 1938

17

sundry debts incurred 1938 but unpaid

Less sundry debts incurred 1937 paid 1938

sundry credits due 1938 but not collected

Revenue as per Treasury figure

.$108,647.34

4,595.40

601.65

.$ 649.47

75,524.99

$ 1,744,614.81

113,847.39

$ 1,858,462.20

76,174.46

$ 1,782,287.74

Previous Year

#6

1

S 30 -

1-8 Balance, Net Loss

Statement No. 4

"

PART I-

Current Year

#

1

1-9

Interest on Funded Debt

I-10

Interest on Current Debt

I-11

Contractual Dividends

107,684.18

I-12

Interest on Government Investments

(A)

108,186.92

I-13

Loss on Industrial Investment

I-14

Amortization of Discounts on Funded Debt

I-15

Taxes

1-16

Rents Payable

107,684.18

339,894.52

447,578.70

I-17 Discount on Depreciated Currency

I-18

Exchange (Loss)

I-19 Miscellaneous Debits

Total

Balance

Total

108,186.92

834,739.77

942,926.69

$108,186.92

(A) Interest on Special Expenditure up to 1937 (less sales & adjustments)

34% on $3,091,054.94

-Income.

INCOME ACCOUNT.

Previous Year

2

- S 31

Current Year

2

¢

436,935.30

I-1

Balance, Net Revenue

$_¢

932,418.48

I-2

Income from Securities

10,643.40

I-3

Interest on Depreciation Reserves

(B)

10,508.21

I-4

Profit on Industrial Investments

I-5

Rents Receivable

I-6

Exchange (Gain)

1-7

Miscellaneous Credits

447,578.70

Total

Balance

Total

942,926.69

447,578.70

942,926.69

(B) Interest on Depreciation Reserves up to 1937.

31% on $300,234.55

$10,508.21

Non Interest Bearing

$617,132.32

Total Depreciation Reserves .$917,366.87

...

Previous Year

姐

1

PL-5

PL-6

PL-7

PL-8

- S 32

Statement No. 4 (continued)

Balance of the year

Loss on Property Retired

Delayed Operating Debits

Miscellaneous Debits

Total

Balance

339,894.52

339,894.52

Total

Previous Year

1

PART II-PROFIT

Current Year

**

1

834,739.77

834,739.77

PART III-SURPLUS

Current Year

1

S-4

Deficit for the Year

7,930,872.50

S-5

Deficit from Previous Years

7,590,977.98

多

7,930,872.50

Total

7,590,977.98

Surplus carried to Balance Sheet

7,930,872.50

Total

7,590,977.98

-Income.

AND LOSS ACCOUNT.

Previous Year

2

S 33

Current Year

2

€

339,894.52

PL-1

Balance of the year

¢

834,739.77

PL-2

Profit on Sale of Assets

PL-3

Delayed Operating Credits

PL-4

Miscellaneous Credits

339,894.52

Total

834,739.77

Balance

339,894.52

Total

834,739.77

APPROPRIATION ACCOUNT.

Previous Year

Z

2

Current Year

2

&

¢

339,894.52

S-1

Surplus for the Year

834,739.77

S-2

Surplus from Previous Years

339,894.52

Total

834,739.77

7,590,977.98

7,930,872.50

Deficit carried to Balance Sheet

6,756,238.21

Total

7,590,977.98

Year.

Net Earnings.

Transport of Government Passengers, Rent of

Railway Quarters.

Profit on property retired.

$ 34

CREDITS.

Interest on Depreciation Reserves.

Loss on Working.

Loss by armed robbery.

1910

832.66

1911

24,845.14

1912

34,298.24

1913

87,824.74

1914

90,241.93

1915

46,503.11

1916

69,524.04

407.29

1917

90,814.98

814.58

1918

77,053.36 2,289.95

1919

73,060.63 1,561.77

1920

33,032.06 4,948.07

1921

75,989.71 8,107.10

1922

148,151.40

8,432.75

1923

9,554.63

1924

10,965.20

1925

8,987.44

48,791.35

87,628.27

99,323.18 1,703.61

1926

10,710.06

2,411.86 101,743.07

1927

11,483.65

5,196.88 2,344.56

1928

20,040.73

11,394.57

6,724.83

1929

138,767.19

10,299.30

8,080.68

9,549.36

32,204.23

1930

133, 106.47

10,402.61

8,080.68

1931

150,094.76

10,752.79

9,106.20

1932

333,412.15

7,156.15

9,446.24

1933

711,052.42

121.63

10,649.49

1934

696,604.41 2,756.86

10,054.30

1935

500,654.48

9,262.41

1936

¡454,733.00

9,720.32

1937

436,935.30

10,643.40

1938

932.418.48

10,508.21

5,335,146.25 123,990.25 7,156.15: 109,885.50 : 364,675.57

1,703.61 41,753.59

!

G

1

Statement No. 5-

Loss on property retired.

Accumulated Deficits.

DEBITS.

$ 35

Interest on Wu Chang Loan, Crown Agents Advances and Special Expenditure on Capital Account.

Depreciation on Rolling Stock not included in Operating Account.

Special Expenditure chargeable to revenue, not included in Operating Account.

Pensions not included in Operating Account.

Rent and other allowances, Passages and Stationery

not included in Operating Account.

Total

Credits.

Total

Debits.

15,148.15

857.15

832.6€

389,733.23

15,268.15

1,352.15

16,005.30

431,198.67

385,000.00 22,896.45

3,696.11

34,298.24

411,592.56

385,000.00 23,247.65

3,756.11

87,824.74

412,003.76

415,280.90 25,866.06

3,756.10

90,241.93

444,903.06

429,767.44 36,563.08

3,786.10

46,503.11

470,116.62

358,834.95 37,403.26

3,918.10

69,931.33

400,156.31

299,231.12 36,346.37 6,518.11

4,277.85

91,629.56

346,373.45

243,664.17 36,258.57 13,549.29

18,912.37

79,343.31

312,384.40

212,421.59 31,816.92 3,249.13

29,010.76

74,622.40

276,498.40

192,020.75 37,421.47 17,618.79

21,395.60

37,980.13

268,456.61

326,761.08 35,296.85 20,311.48

8,722.38

84,096.81

391,091.74

356,078.64 58,519.53 33,861.24

6,767.28

156,584.15

455,226.69

397,585.36 54,077.90 83,318.17

99.33 13,524.40

9,554.63

597,396.60

324,210.53 77,720.22 34,689.63

298.00 16,094.61

10,965.20

540,641.26

417,191.43 73,281.69

298.00

8,987.44

591,797.91

458,898.92

13,121.92

555,641.99

492,298.41

16,680.53

494,642.97

489,571.04

38,160.13

499,120.40

496,817.79

157,147.17

529,022.02

651,568.82

151,589.76

651,568.82

829,593.59

169,953.75

829,593.59

698,961.89

350,014.54

698,961.89

675,885.92

721,823.54

675,885.92

604,362.32

(A) 104,705.85

709,415.57

604,362.32

509,916.89

104,705.85

107,196.15

464,453.32

107,196.15

107,684.18

108,186.92

447,578.70

107,684.18

942,926.69

108,186.92

10,953,512.99 617,132.32213,115.84

695.33 139,827.11

5,576,178.15

12,332,416.36

Deduct total credits

5,576,178.15

Accumulated Deficits

$6,756,238.21

(A) Wu Chang Loan redeemed in October, 1934.

C

Dr.

- S 36

Statement No. 6-

ASSETS OR DEBIT BALANCE.

Balance at beginning of Year

Heads of Classifications.

Balance at close of

Increase

Decrease

Year

$

¢

B-6 Investment Assets:

20,476,703.51

B-6-1 Cost of Road and Equipment 20,737,858.81 B-6-2 Cost of Other Physical

Property

B-6-3 Cost of Non-Physical Assets.

261,155.30

20,476,703.51

Total Investment Assets... 20,737,858.81

261,155.30

B-7 Working Assets:

104.94

B-7-1 Cash

2,236.95

2,132.01

B-7-2 Loans and Bills of Exchange B-7-3 Traffic Balances receivable...] B-7-3-1 Government Railways

B-7-3-2 Private Companies

112,593.27

B-7-3-3 Home Line

112,593.27

B-7-4 Other Accounts receivable

B-7-4-1 Other Railways

B-7-4-2 Sundry Debtors

75,524.99

75,524.99

B-7-4-3 Advance Account

118,507.99 3,044.46

B-7-5 Stores

118,507.99

B-7-5-1 Workshop Suspense

262.48

2,781.98

234,250.66

Total Working Assets

78,024.42

77,657.00

233,883.24

B-8 Deferred Debit Items:

23,958.64

B-8-1 Temporary Advance to Govt. B-8-2 Payments made in advance

19,552.07

4,406.57

(a)

23,958.64

B-8-3 Unextinguished Discounts

on Funded Debt .......

B-8-4 Abandoned Property not

charged off

B-8-5 Special Funds

B-8-6 Miscellaneous Deferred

Debits

Total Deferred Debits

19,552.07

4,406.57

834,739.77

7,590,977.98 B-9 Balance or Accumulated Deficit. 6,756,238.21

28,325,890.79

Grand Total

$ 27,591,673.51 338,812.30

1,073,029.58

(a) Head B-8-2 includes:

4

5/8 cost of Re-railing Tunnel No. 2

$19,552.07

1

P

General Balance Sheet.

Balance at beginning of Year

20,476,703.51

- $ 37

LIABILITIES OR CREDIT BALANCE.

Heads of Classifications.

B-1 Capital Liabilities:

B-1-1 Share

Cr.

Balance at close of

Increase

Decrease

Year

¢

B-1-2 Premium on Shares

B-1-3 Permanent Government In- 20,737,858.81 261,155.30

vestment

B-1-4 Mortgage Bonds

B-1-5 Other Secured Indebtedness.

20,476,703.51

20,737,858.81

261,155.30

B-2 Working Liabilities:

71,157.42

B-2-1 Loans and Bills of Exchange B-2-2 Traffic Balance payable

346,051.48

274,897.06

B-2-2-1 Government Railways

B-2-2-2 Private Companies

B-2-3 Matured Liabilities Unpaid.......

B-2-4 Other Accounts Payable

B-2-4-1 Other Railways

B-2-4-2 Sundry Creditors

71,157.42

Total Working Liabilities....

346,054.48

274,897.06

B-3 Deferred Credit Items:

6,652,202.40

B-3-1 Temporary Advances from

Government

.(b) 5,462,394.71

1,189,807.69

B-3-2 Operating Reserves

917,866.87

B-3-3 Depreciation Reserves

904,186.39

13,180.48

B-3-4 Widows' & Orphans' Pen-

115,071.11

sion Fund

93,389.48

B-3-5 Miscellaneous Deferred

Credits

.(c)

123,130.55

18,048.57

8,059.44

75,340.91

7.778,029.86

Total Deferred Credits

6,507,760.22

8,059.44 1,278,329.08

B-4 Appropriations from Surpluses:-

B-4-1 Additions to Property

through Surplus

B-4-2 Funded Debt Retired

through Surplus

B-4-3 Fund Reserves

Total Appropriations from

Surplus

B-5 Balance, or Unappropriated

Surplus

28,325,890.79

Grand Total

(b) Treasury advances.

(c) The Head B-3-5 includes:- Deposits

$ 27,591,673.51 544,111.80 1,278,329.08

$11,816.54

Chief Accountant.

Fines

Passage appropriation

474.59 5,757.44

$18,048.57

- S 38

Statement No. 7-Passenger

4.-ANALYSIS OF LOCAL PASSENGER SERVICE.

PART I. R-1 PASSENGER SERVICE-PASSENGERS.

Previous Year

CURRENT YEAR

Percentage of

Kinds of Tickets Used

No. of

Pas-

Revenue

Units

carried

Passenger Revenue

Miles

Number

carried

senger

Miles

Revenue

1

3

6

7

00

$

$ ¢

8,238.64

R-1-1 Ordinary:-

First

17,073.39

Second

204,032.24

Third

11,491.80

9,671.70!

8,019 123,866 8,434.02 58,611 810,253 29,847.70 1,130,758 13,282,218 366,511.55

.56

.71

1.73

4.10 79.16. 76.20

4.65

6.14

75.36

R-1-2 Government:

R-1-2-1 Civil R-1-2-2 Military 2,470.33 R-1-4 Excursion 3,050.80 R-1-5 Excess Fares

R-1-8 Season Tickets:

R-1-8-1 Public

35,004 518,483 14,173.05 10,058 187,080 4,277.50 10,605 175,824 3,259.30 4,388.35

2.45 2.98 .71 1.07

2.91

.88

.74

1.01

.67

.90

14,257.50 12,816.15 R-1-8-2 Government. 14,309.10 R-1-9 Golfer Tickets

R-1-10 Free Passes

91,880 1,194,188 18,944.20 6.43 6.85 3.90 55,360 665,666 16,818.00 | 3.88 3.82! 3.46 14,972 292,402 13,841.05 1.05 1.68 2.85 13,150 180,263

.92 1.03

297,411.65

Total Part I

1,428,417 17,430,243 480,434.72 100.00 100.00 98.80

PART II. R-2 PASSENGER SERVICE-OTHER.

Previous Year

CURRENT YEAR

Percentage of

Kinds of Tickets Used

Revenue

No. of Units carried

Pas-

Passenger Miles

Number

Revenue

carried senger

Miles

3

4

6

7

Revenue

1

00

$

R-2-2 Parcels:

1,047.15

R-2-2-1 Public

1,058.60

.22

R-2-3 Carriages and

Animals:

1,487.20

R-2-3-1 Public

3,270.35

67

.67

266.70

R-2-3-2 Government.

122.45

.03

R-2-4 Special Trains:-

517.70

R-2-4-1 Public

246.40

.05

R-2-4-2. Government.

1,138.60

.23

R-2-8 Miscellaneous:

29.90

R-2-8-1 Public

6.40

R-2-8-2 Government.

6.40

3,348.65

Total Part II

5,849.20

1.20

300,760.30

Total Parts I & II 1,428,417 17,430,243 486,343.92 100.00 100.00 100.00

2

A

Traffic & Receipts.

Previous Year

- S 39

B.-ANALYSIS OF THROUGH PASSENGER SERVICE.

PART I. R-1 PASSENGER SERVICE-PASSENGERS.

CURRENT YEAR

Percentage of

Kinds of Tickets Used

Revenue

Number Originat ing on Home Line

Number of Units

Passenger Miles

Revenue

carried

Num- Pas- Total

ber senger

Re- carried Miles venue

1

2

3

5

6

7

8

9

€

€

R-1-1 Ordinary: -

42,992.58

105,721.67

First

458,875.81

Second

Third

825.75 R-1-3 Privilege

973.43 R-1-4 Excursion

3,895.44 R-1-5 Excess Fares

14

328

6,528 16,484 363,637 19,916.77 2.08 2.09 6.12

40,036 85,033 1,875,827 51,606.37 10.74 10.79 15.85

288,558 686,785 15,070,434 228,082.85 86.79 86.73 70.05

126 2,779 31.63 .02 .02 .01

805 17,758 244.29 .10 .10 .08

3,952.05

1.21

R-1-10 Free Passes

1,008

2,114

46,634

.27 .27

613,284.68

Total Part I

336,467 791,347 17,377,069 303,833.96 100.00 100.00 93.32

PART II.-R-2 PASSENGER SERVICE-OTHER.

Previous Year

CURRENT YEAR

Percentage of

Kinds of Tickets Used

Revenue

Number Originat- ing on Home Line!

Number of Units carried

Passenger Revenue

Miles

Num- Pas- Total

ber senger

Re- carried Miles venue

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

$

¢

R-2-1 Baggage:

17.02

R-2-1-1 Public

R-2-2 Parcels:

4,112.60

R-2-2-1 Public

375.06

.11

15,813.78

4.86

3,460.30

R-2-3 Carriages and

Animals:

R-2-3-1 Public

1,922.03

.59

R-2-4 Special Trains:

945.83

R-2-4-1 Public

120.29

R-2-4-2 Government.

322.41 R-2-5 Postal

62.16

.02

741.22

.23

R-2-7 Specie:-

R-2-7-1 Public

600.95 R-2-8 Miscellaneous

2,430.02 408.00

.75

.12

9,579.40

Total Part II

21,752.27

6.68

622,864.08

Total Parts I & II 336,467 791,347 17,377,069 325,586.23 100.00 100.00 100.00

Previous Year

S 40

Statement No. 8-Goods Traffic & Receipts.

A. ANALYSIS OF LOCAL GOODS SERVICE.

PART I. R-3 GOODS SERVICE GOODS.

CURRENT YEAR

Percentage of

KINDS OF GOODS

Revenue

No. of Tons

carried

Revenue

Ton Miles

Tons carried

Revenue

Ton Miles

2.

3

5

7

8

C.

$ C.

R-3-1 General Merchandise:-

13,536.59

R-3-1-1 Public

19,429.90

24,077.55

2,779.55

R-3-1-2 Government

1,101.15

1,194.10

332,885 20,642

74.95

85.40

80.73

4.25

4.24

5.01

R-3-3 Service Stores:-

R-3-3-2 Material on

1,280.45

Revenue Account

5,393.07

956.10

58,817

20.80

3.39

14.26

17,596.59

Total Part I

25,924.12 26,227.75

412,344

100.00

93.03

100.00

PART II. R-4 GOODS SERVICE-OTHER.

10.00 R-4-1 Shunting

100.00 R-4-3 Demurrage

390.00

R-4-4 Special Trains

1,575.40

1.38

5,59

110.00

Total Part II

1,965.40

6.97

17,706.59

Total Parts I & II

25,924.12 28,193.15

412,344 100.00

100.00 100.00

B.-ANALYSIS OF THROUGH GOODS SERVICE.

PART I. R-3 GOODS SERVICE GOODS.

Previous Year

KINDS OF GOODS

Revenue

CURRENT YEAR

Percentage of

No. of tons originating

on

No. of Tons carried

Revenue

Ton Miles

Tons carried

Total Re-

venue

Ton Miles

Home Line

3

5

8

9

$ C.

153,446.02

$ C.

R-3-1 General Merchandise:-

R-3-1-1 Public

244,067.14

360,653.05 485,102.67

7,837,422

79.07 78.02 78.82

7,962.77

R-3 2 Material for Other Railways

95,492.88 95,492.88 59,972.46

2,106,572 20.93 9.64 21.18

161,408.79

Total Part I

339,560.02 456,145.93 545,075.13

9,943,994 100.00 87.66||100.00

PART II. R-4 GOODS SERVICE-OTHER.

450.10 R-4-2 Handling Receipts

2,266.36 R-4-3 Demurrage

3,431.20 R-4-4 Special Trains

19,023.00

57,689.15

3.06

9.28

6,147.66

Total Part II

76,712.15

12.34

167,556.45

Total Parts I & II

339,560.02 456,145.93 621,787.28 9,943,994 100.00 100.00 100.00

!

Į

Percen- tage

- S 41

Statement No. 9-Miscellaneous Operating Revenue.

Previous Year

Percen-

Current Year

tage

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

$ Ø

$

.96

12,785.55 R-7

Profits of Central Mechan-

ical Works

4.40

58,522.09 R-8

Rents

61,330.93 3.22 187,260.07 9.85

3.82

50,953.44 R-9

Incidental Revenue

121,649.30 6.39

1,341.21

(1) Advertising

488.00

23,393.62

(2) Station and Train

Privileges

14,323.07

18,138.47

(3) Sales of Unclaimed &

confiscated goods

5,920.70

2.15

(4) Profit on stores trans-

action

5.73

7,809.09 268.90

(5) Miscellaneous

100,663.20

Government (water

supplied)

248.60

6.96

92,606.24 R-10

Auxiliary Operation

(Foreign Haulage)

62,136.73 3.27

.58

7,713.99 R-11

R-11

Interchange of Rolling

Stock

16.72

(A) 222,581.31

(A) Hone Line

$102,159.13

Foreign

111.554.54

Government

8,867.64

7,595.71 .40

(B) 439,972.74

(B) Home Line

Foreign Government

$266,379.24

23.13

$222,581.31

Statement No. 10-Assignments of Operating Expenses.

Previous Year

1

Main Heads

2

MAIN LINE.

176,374.36 General Expenses

102,403.57 Traffic Expenses

224,472.93 Running Expenses

201,691.78 Maintenance of Equipment

189,590.79 Maintenance of Way & Structures

894,533.43

161,714.23

11,879.27

$439,972.74

Cost per mile operated

Cost per train mile

5

Total

Amount for

the year

3

++

4

$

$

187,833.53

8,514.67

.86

112,512.89

5,100.31

.51

337,677.83

15,307.24

1.26 +

212,623.07

9,638.40

.80 t

118,817.52

5,386.11

.54

969,464.84

43,946.73

3.97

† Based on train mileage hauled by British Section locomotives.

KOWLOON CANTON RAILWAY. Statement No. 11-Unallocated Stores Account.

(1) Stock in hand at commencement of financial year (2) Add purchases, returns and charges as charged to

Expenditure Sub-head

(3) Deduct Issues to votes and services as credited to

Expenditure Sub-heads

(4) Deduct Proceeds of stores sold and credited to

(5)

Revenue

Transfer between stores (+ or -)

(6) Adjustments for stores not paid for in

which received (not

(+ or -)

(7) Deduct Losses and deficiencies written off (8) Stock in hand at close of financial year

.$494,928.21

$121,552.45

814,689.98 936,242.43

336,309.99 831,238.20

105,004.23

+ 42,373.41

year in

+

574.42

$147,952.06

Includes Workshop Suspense Account.

Statement No. 12-Analysis of Traffic Revenue.

A.-LOCAL TRAFFIC.

PREVIOUS YEAR

Classification

(A) Terminal

Sectional

Total

(A) Terminal

CURRENT YEAR

Sectional

Total

$

&

$

$

Passenger Service :-

$ ¢

$

4

$

71,261.10

110.75

226,150.55

3,237.90

297,411.65

3,348.65

R-1 Passengers

133,148.85

R-2 Other

124.80

347,345.87

5,724.40

480,494.72

5,849.20

Goods Service :-

4,741.35

12,855.24

110.00

17,596.59

R-3 Goods

7,735.10

18,492.65

26,227.75

110.00

R-4 Other

1,965.40

1,965.40

$ 76,113.20

$242,353.69

$318,466.89

Total Service

$141,008.75

$373,528.32

$514,537.07

S 42

PREVIOUS YEAR

(A) Between Kowloon or Yaumati and Shum Chun.

B. THROUGH TRAFFIC.

Classification

CURRENT YEAR

Terminal

Sectional

Total

Terminal

Sectional

Total

$

$

¢

$

¢

437,973.28

5,186.02

175,311.40

613,284.68

Passenger Service :- R-1 Passengers

$

&

$

$

4,393.38

9,579.40

R-2 Other

220,487.22 (X) 7,209.57

83,346.74

303,833.96

21,752.27

(X) 14,542.70

Goods Service :-

90,854.62

(X)70,554.17

4,460.80

(x) 1,686.86

161,408.79

6,147.66

R-3 Goods

131,127.22

(X) 413,947.91

545,075.13

R-4 Other

23,583.91

(X) 53,128.24

76,712.15

$538,474.72

$251,945.81

$790,420.53

Total Service

$382,407.92

$564,965.59

$947,373.51

(X) Includes Transit.

Percentage.

S 43

Statement No. 13-Analysis of Expenditure.

Percen-

Previous

E-1 GENERAL EXPENSES Salaries

Year.

Allow- Office ances Expenses

Current

Year

tage on Operating Revenue

$

C.

$

ල

$

C.

$ C.

Part I Administration

.02

199.10 E-1-2

Direction 4 Furniture

164.43 164.43

.01

2.31 30,801.99 E-1-3

General Manager...... 50,393.86 1,282.58

459.85 52,136.59

2.74

3.94 52,481.95 E-1-4

1.14 15,242.26 E-1-5

Audit and Accounts... 42,334.93 2,328.07 1,839.38 46,532.38

2.45

.16

Stores..

2,151.90 E-1-6 Head Office Expenses

14,283.81 473.38 1,063.29 15,820.78

.83

283.91

2,920.20 3,204.11

.17

E-1-7

Miscellaneous.

.18

2,354.99

2 Advertising..

1,413.27 1,413.27

.07

45.16

3 Stores Depreciation...

.02

248.34

4 Carriage of Stores (Transport).

193.53 193.53

.01

.03

348.28

6 Sundries..

209.65 299.65

.02

7.80 103,873.97

TOTAL PART I

Percentage

119,764.74

6.30

Previous Year

E-1 GENERAL EXPENSES

Current Year

Percen- tage on Operating Revenue

C.

Part II Special.

€

C. $

C.

.05

578.00

E-1-9

Medical.

690.68

.04

1 Salaries and Allowances........

518.00

.31

4,439.00 E-1-13

2 Medicines and Hos, itals......

3 Sanitation

Rents

172.68

3,484.78

.18

E-1-14 Compensation....

E-1-15

Provident Contributions..

4.71 62,772.64

.35 4,710.75

E-1-16

1 Pensions and Gratuities

Miscellaneous

61,854.01

3.25

2,039.32

.11

5.45 72,500.39

TOTAL PART II.....

68,068.79

3.58

13.25 176,374.36

GRAND TOTAL

187,833.53

9.88

Percentage

S 44

Statement No. 13 (continued)-Analysis of Expenditure

Previous Year

E-2 TRAFFIC EXPENSES

Current Year

Percen-

tage on Operating Revenue

$ C. $ C.

$

$

c.

2.39 31,857.05

E-2-1 Superintendence

33,818.26

1.78

30,477.68

1 Salaries

32,366.70

784.35

595.02

2 Allowances

991.72

3 Office Expenses........

459.84

3.95 52,680.29

E-2-2 Station Staff..

57,733.82

3.03

36,417.63

1 Pay of Station Mas-

ters and Clerks........

38,972.64

3,558.47

2 Allowances of Station Masters and Clerks...

5.798.30

!

12,704.19

3 Labour.

12,962.88

:16 2,178.41

E-2-3 Clothing.

1,984.65

.10

..37

4,845.99

4,694.07

E-2-4 Station Supplies and

Furniture......

1 Supplies.......

151.92

2 Furniture.........

5,824.30

.31

5,584.84

239.46

.38

4,979.36

E-2-5 Printing, Stationery and

Tickets...

7,624.57

.40

44 5,862.47

E-2-8 Miscellaneous...

5,527.29

.29

1,658.45

3 Watchmen...

1,737.07

4,204.02

4 Sundries.....

3,790.22

7.69 102,403.57

GRAND TOTAL....

112,512.89

5.91

•Percentage

$ 45

Statement No. 13 (continued)-Analysis of Expenditure.

Previous Year

E-3 RUNNING EXPENSES

Current Year

Percen-

tage on Operating Revenue

$

C.

$

C.

C. $

C.

E-3-1 Locomotive...........

2.28 30,388.93

1 Engine Staff

34,103.83

1.79

19,183.71

1 Pay of Drivers and

Firemen

20,223.65

2 Overtime of Drivers

6,030.64

and Firemen

8,317.51

4,194.68

979.90

3 Labour...

4,497.74

4 Sundries

1,064.93

10.86 144,556.05

2 Fuel..

255,820.42

: 13.45

143,027.19

1,528.86

1 Coal (11,624.83 tons) 255,273.29

3 Labour

547.13

.79 10,574.62

4 Lubricants.

10,187.54

.54

.38 4,995.18

14.31 190,514.78

5 Other Stores.......

4,851.41

.25'

Total Locomotive ...

304,963.20

16.03

E-3-2 Carriage and Wagon......

.67

8,850.92

1 Labour...

8,252.67

.44

.07

881.20

2 Lubricants

989.17

.05

.50

6.715.26

3 Other Stores.......

3,425.26

.18

1.24

16,447.38

Total Carriage and

Wagon

12,667.10

.67

.20

2,699.31

E-3-3 Motor Vehicles....

4,903.83

.26

1,550.33

1 Labour.

2,033.08

1,148.98

2 Fuel...

2,870.75

3 Other Stores

.20 2,699.31

Total Motor Vehicle

4,903.83

.26

E-3-4 Traffic

1.11

14,811.46

1 Train Staff

15,143.70

.79

12,874.64

1 Pay of Conductors

and Guards.....................

12,850.71

:

510.67

2 Overtime of Conduc-

tors and Guards..........

765.32

895.25

3 Pay of Brakesmen

and Carboys

685.96

530.90

4 Sundries..

841.71

1.11 14,811.46

Total Traffic.........................

15,143.70

.79

16.86 224,472.93

GRAND TOTAL .....

337,677.83

17.75

Percentage

$

S 46

Statement No. 13 (continued)—Analysis of Expenditure.

Previous Year

C.

1.91 25,391.75

$

E-4 MAINTENANCE OF EQUIPMENT

Current Year

C.

C.

C.

Part I Locomotive Depart-

ment

23,999.49 608.75 783.51

Percen-

tage on Operating Revenue

E-4-1 Superintendence

25,884.76

1.36

1 Salaries....

2 Allowances

3 Office Expenses..

23,903.73 601.50 1,379.53

5.58 74,225.01

E-4-2 Locomotives.

71,981.75

3.79

1 Repairs

40,237.86

1 Labour.

34,355.49

23,252.21

2 Materials.

26,591.23

3,300.00

3 Miscellaneous.

3,312.47

7,434.94

2 Depreciation

7,722.56

5.19 69,089.02

E-4-3 Carriages...

1 Repairs

| 69,299.91

3.64

13,409.96

1 Labour.

13,249.50

23,421.75

2 Materials

23,233.22

1,650.00

3 Miscellaneous

1,656.24

30,607.31

2 Depreciation

31,160.95

1.47 19,567.09

E-4-4 Goods Wagons

31,029.22

1.63

1 Repairs

4,104.97

1 Labour

6,080.73

7,107.83

2 Materials

13,109.86

1,650.00

3 Miscellaneous

1,656.23

6,704.29

2 Depreciation

10,182.40

.17

2,256.06

E-4-5 Motor Vehicles...

4,377.88

.23

1 Repairs

216.50

1 Labour

256.30

164.43

2 Materials

1,146.50

43.57 1,831.56

3 Miscellan cous

2 Depreciation

2,975.08

.23

3,131.40

E-4-7 Service Equipment.

3;162.04

.17

1 Repairs....

2,142.22 175.88

1 Labour

2 Materials

2,001.81 150.25

3 Miscellaneous

813.30

2 Depreciation

1,009.98

.33

4,406.55

3,007.61 1,398.94

E 4-8 Plant and Tools

1 Plant

4,438.90

.23

2 Tools...

3,043.02 1,395.88

.27 3,624.90

E-4-11 Miscellaneous

2,448.61

.13

1 Loss on Stores..

2 Carriage of Stores

1,624.90 2,000.00

3 Watchmen..

4 Passages

1,660.41 788.20

15.15 201,691.78

E-4-12 Engine Power.........

GRAND TOTAL.......

212,623.07

11.18

Percentage.

- S 47

Statement No. 13 (continued)—Analysis of Expenditure.

E-5 MAINTENANCE OF

Previous Year

Current Year.

WAY & STRUCTURES.

$

$ C.

C.

C.

$

C.

ن

Percen-

tage on Operating Revenue.

1.75

23.285.15

E-5-1

21,014.33 1,614.44 656.38

.29

.02

.16

2895

3,840.57

242.40

2,093.48

Part I Engineering Dept.

Superintendence..

1 Salaries

2 Allowances

3 Office Expenses

E-5-2 Formation & Line Pro-

tection

E-5-3 Tunnels

E-5-4 Bridgework

27,220.15

1.43

23.890.07 2 024.75 1,305.33

3,790.04

.20

279.09

.02

1,017.28 .05

225

4.26

56,770.36

E-5-5

Track....

61,240.42

3.22

25,298.11

1 Labour..

25,776.02

22,984.10

2 Sleeners

24,759.22

6,293.36

2,194.79

3 Rails and Fastenings... 4 Ballast...

7,476.35

3,228.83

.27 3,548.28

E-5-6 Signals and Switches

3,585.82

.19

.54

7,184.28

E-5-7

4,192.03 2,992.25

Stations and Buildings.. 2 Stations & Buildings

7,207.52

.38

4,207.88

3 Staff Quarters................

2,999.64

4 Station Appurtenances

9990

.09 1,197.91 .16 2,084.50

E-5-8

Central Mechanical Works

E-5-9

Plant and Tools

1,192.60 2,607.23

35

.06

.14

749.36 1,335.14

1 Plant

2 Tools

1,320.11 1,287.12

6.07

-80,883.12

E-5-10 Extraordinary Expenses

.15

1.999.51

E-5-11 New Minor Works

.11

1,551.56

E-5-12 Miscellaneous

.19 1,976.91 3,657.85 .10

2 Carriage of Stores

1,228.60

3 Watchmen

1,017.67

4 Plantations

322.96

6 Sundries

2,640.18

13.87

184,681.12

Total Part I

113,774.91

5.98

Part II Other Dept.

.37

4,909.67

E-5-14 Telegraphs...

1,839.96 3,069.71

1 Salaries

.37 4,909.67

14.24 189,590.79

2 Maintenance

E-5-15 Docks, Harbours and

Wharves

2 Maintenance

5,042.61

.27

1,839.96 3,202.65

Total Part II

5,042.61

.27

GRAND TOTAL

118,817.52

6.25

- S 48

PART II.-STATISTICAL TABLES.

Table A.-Analysis of Operated Mileage.

Second

Main

Particulars

Line

Track Sidings Total

Loops

Lines owned :-

Miles

Miles

Miles

Miles

Kowloon to Lowu (Gauge 4'8")

21.76

2.13 10.96

34.85

Lines operated

Lowu to Shum Chun

.30

.08

.38

Previous Year

5.196

Total

22.06

2.21

10.96 35.23

Table B.-Permanent Way Renewals.

Particulars

1. Sleepers.

Wood (Kempas)

Concrete (new)

Current Year

3,289 pieces

579

Concrete (2nd hand)

728 pieces

5,775

Total

4,017 pieces

8.83%

Percentage renewal

5.97%

1,180

Co

3

2. Ballast.

24" Granite

2,041 cubic

yards

3. Rails.

4.

85 lb. B.S.S. 36 ft. (new)

85 lb. B.S.S. 36 ft. (old)

Points and Crossings.

4 lengths

24

Crossings

2

Switches

5 sets

4 pairs

Class

Wheel Distribution

Diameter of

Cylinder

Stroke

Driving Wheel

Diameter of

Table C.-Classification of Rolling Stock-Motive Power.

Tank or Tender

STEAM LOCOMOTIVES.

Gross Weight of

Tender in tons Engine and

Total stock at the

beginning of

the year

Additions during

the year

Reductions during

the year

Total stock at the

end of the year

1

2

3

4

++

10

6

CO

7

00

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

Years

Tons

Tons

Lbs.

2-6-4

19"

26"

61蛋”

Side tank

89.75

8

24.67

51.00

17.00

23,350

B.

4-6-4 22"

28"

611"

106.00

4

13.25

60.00

20.00

33,720

S

0-4-0 122" 18"

36"

Saddle tank

24.25

2

· 4.83

24.25

12.12

10,620

Total

12

2

14

PETROL RAILCARS

Hall Scott Motor Coaches

4' 8" Gauge In- ternal Combustion

Engine

Bedford Six

8"

10"

39.80

2

2

Cylinders Rail-bus.

3.Po

""

31"

14.40

1

1

Average age of

class

150 Horse Power 30 Passengers

R.A.C. and S.A.E. Rating 26.33 Horse Power

45 Passengers.

Weight on Driving Wheels.

Tractive

effort

@ 85%

Boiler

Each

engine

Maximum

Pressure

axle load

S 49

Table D.-Classification of Rolling Stock-Carriages,

Total stock

Classification

Average tare of each

Seating

at the

capacity

Additions

during the

Reductions

during the

Total stock at

class

(Passengers)

beginning of

year

year

the year

the end of

the year

1

2

3

4

6

7

Total seating

capacity

(Passengers)

Coaching Vehicles 4′ 8′′ Gauge.

Tons. Cwt.

Reserved Saloon Coach

25

18

25

1

1

25

First class Dining Car

38

10

40

2

2

80

First class Buffet Car

41

5

54

نسا

1

1

54

First class Air-Conditioned Lounge Car

40

4

31

1

1

31

First class Carriage

40

15

54

5

10

5

270

Second class Carriage

35

0

64

7

7

448

First and Second class Composite Carriage

36

10

56

2

2

112

Second and Third class Composite Carriage

38

0

91

1

1

91

Third class Carriage

34

0

120

16

16

1,920

Third class Luggage and Brake

34

3

84

5

10

420

Third class Brake

34

0

100

2

2

200

Third class and Kitchen Car

34

10

96

1

1

96

Total

44

44

3,747

S 50

Classification

Length of

Overall

Wagon

Average Tare

of each

Class

1.

Table E.-Classification of Rolling Stock-Goods Wagons.

Carrying

Capacity

(Tons)

1

2

3

4

aཀྭ

6

CO

7

8

{}

Goods Vehicles 4′ 8′′. Gauge.

Tons.

Cwt.

35-ton Covered Goods

39' 0"

19

2.

40

20

20

800

30-ton Covered Goods

35′ 0′′

15

30

31

31

930

30-ton Rail Bogie

35′ 0′′

13

30

10

1

11

330

30-ton Open. Goods

35′ 0′′

14

30

26

*1

25

750

30-ton Cattle Truck

35' 0"

15

30

4

4

120

30-ton Fish Truck

35′ 0′′

15

30

3

90

15-ton Covered Goods

19′0′′

8

10

15

22

22

330

15-ton Cattle Truck

19′0′′

8

10

15

3

3

45

15-ton Open Goods

19′ 0′′

7

16

15

9

† 2

105

15-ton Goods Brake Van

19′ 0′′

15

10

15

2

2

60

Total

110

23

3

130

3,560

Table F.-Classification of Rolling Stock-Service Equipment.

Classification

Average tare of each class

Total stock at

the beginning

of the year

Additions

during the

year

Reductions

during the

year

Total stock at the end of the year

1

2

3

4

5

6

65-ton Breakdown Crane

5-ton Locomotive Crane

30-ton Water Tank Wagon Breakdown Van

14 H.P. Motor Trolley

87 tons

1

1

31 tons 10 cwt.

1

15 tons 5 cwt.

4

4.

15 tons 5 cwt.

2

2 tons 1 cwt.

1

2

1

* Converted into Rail Bogie.

† Converted into Goods Brake Vans.

Total stock

at the beginning of the year

Additions

during the

year

- S 51

Reductions during the

year

at the end of the year

Total Stock

Carrying Capacity

Total

S 52

Table G.-Analysis of Steam Train Mileage

Hauled by British Section Locomotives.

Previous Year

Locomo- Miles

Classification

Mileage tive

Hours

per Hour

Train Miles & Hours.

Local Traffic:-

Current Year

Locomo- Miles

Mileage tive

per

Hours Hour

Passenger

24,177

1,126

21.47

Ordinary

27,973

1,338

20.91

624

28 22.29

Special

685

32

21.41

63,419

3,139 20.20

Mixed

71,168

3,476

20.47

88,220

4,293

20.55

Total

99,826

4,846

20.60

Goods

1,034

75

13.79

Ordinary

8,760

605

14.48

992

55

18.04

Special

9,680

533

18.16.

17,948

899

19.96

Mixed

15,915

801

19.87

19,974

1,029 19.41

Total

34,355

1,939

17.72

3,070

472

6.50

Service

2,075

340

6.10

Through Traffic:-

Passenger

15,730

456 34.50

Ordinary

431

23

18.74

4,138

129 32.08

Special

1,164

42

27.71

9,546

511

18.68

Mixed

5,121

286

17.91

29,414

1,096 26.84

Total

6,716

351

19.13

Goods

1,511

91

16.60

Ordinary

15,109

884

17.09

6,623

364

18.20

Special

35,094

2,028

17.30

€24,997

1,343

18.61

Mixed

6.128

354

17.31

33,131

1,798

18.43

Total

56,331

3,266

17.25

53

4 13.25

Service

26

2

13.00

76,493 2,314 33.05 45,332 2,219 20.42

121,825 4,533 26.88

Foreign Train Mileage:-

Passenger Goods

4,117

i35

30.49

43,835

1,981

22.12

Total

47,952 2,116

22.66

295,687 13,225 22.36

Total Train Mileage and Hours

-247,281 12,860 19.22

Assisting:-

10,460

1,678 6.23

Passenger

10,312 1,526

6:75

2,088

348

6.00

Goods

5,633

938

6.00

12,548

2,026

6.19

Total

15,945

2,464

6.47

3,394

113 30.03 Light

8,912

314

28.38

45,714 7,619 6.00 Shunting

99,156 16,526 6.00 Standing in Steam

69,297 11,549

6.00

F10,830

18,471

6.00

456,499 39,509

11.55

Grand Total ... | 452,265

45,658

9.90

>

$ 53

Table H.-Analysis of Steam Train Mileage

Hauled by Chinese Section Locomotives.

Previous Year

Current Year

Locomo- Miles

Classification

Locomo- Miles

Mileage tive

per

Mileage tive

per

Hours

Hour

Hours

Hour

Train Miles & Hours.

Local Traffic:-

Passenger

121

3.97 30.48

† Ordinary

42

2.85

14.74

Special

54

3.45

15.65

163

6.82 23.90

Total

54

3.45

15.65

Goods

Ordinary

26

1.49

17.45

Special

727 48.77 14.91

26

1.49 17.45

Total

727 48.77

14.91

7

.26 26.92

Service

Through Traffic:-

Passenger

28,943

836.26 34.61

Ordinary

12,222

361.19 33.84

929

30.39 30.57

Special

100

3.21 31.15

Mixed

29,972

869.86 34.46

Total

13,420

739 25.43 29.06

459 17.44 26.32

404.06 33.21

Goods

Ordinary

762

42.12

18.09

Special

3,267 226.83 14.40

10

.30 33.33

Mixed

137

5.09

26.92

772

42.42 18.20

Total

3,404 231.92

14.68

Service

2

.07

28.57

30,940

920.85

33.60

Grand Total ...

17,607

688.27 25.58

† Slip Coach

Previous Year

Mileage

$ 54

Table I.-Analysis of Rail Car Mileage.

Classification

Current Year

Mileage

Local Traffic:-

Passenger

2,934

Ordinary service

5,405

Shuttle service

14,334

132

Special

158

43

Service

88

3,109

Total

19,985

Through Traffic:-

Passenger

Ordinary

221

Special

221

Total

887

Foreign Train Mileage

4,217

Total Train Mileage

19,985

395

Light

1,867

4,812

21,852

Total Engine Mileage

Table J.-Analysis of Carriage and Wagon Mileage.

Previous Year

Classification

Current Year

1,397,886

Carriage Mileage

923,109

707,374

Wagon Mileage

1,068,740

2,105,260

Total Vehicle Mileage

1,991,849

|

S. 55

Table K.-Timekeeping of Booked Trains.

Previous Year

No. of Average Percent- Classification of Trains

Current Year

No. of Average Percent-

Trains

Minutes age on

Run

Late

time

1,581

12.17

49.91 Through Expresses

Trains

Minutes age on

Run

Late

time

622

55.88

14.47

654

10.61

59.48

Through Fast

1,024

21.69

55.57

Through Mixed

528

9.37

73.30

694

48.12

28.67

Through Slow

504 183.47

27.98

5,150 3.56

51.26

Local

5,452

2.92

52.64

9,103 11.00 50.37 All Services

7,106

20.84

49.09

+

— S 56

-

Table L.-Statistics of

A.-LOCAL

Ordinary

ITEMS

1st

2nd

3rd

Total Ordinary

1

2

3

5

1.

Number carried

8,019

2.

Passenger miles

123,866

58,611 1,130,758 1,197,388 810,253 13,282,218 14,216,337

* 3.

Passenger miles per mile of line

5,615

36,729 602,095 644,439

4.

Average journey per passenger in miles

15.45

13.82

11.75

11.87

* 5.

Average number of passengers per mile of line.

363

2,657

51,258

54,278

† 6.

Average number of passenger miles per train

mile

1.03

6.77

110.89

118.69

7.

Revenue

$

10.

Revenue per passenger mile

8. Average revenue per passenger

* 9. Revenue per mile of line

11. Average revenue per passenger train mile

EA EA EA EA EA :

8,434.02 29,847.70 370,899.90 409, 181.62

1.05

.51

.33

.34

382.32

1,353.02

16,813.23

18,548.57

.068!

.037

.028

.029

.070

.249

3.097

3.416

ITEMS

1

*Miles of line--22.06

1. Number originating on Home Line:-

Terminal Sectional

Total

2. Number carried:

Terminal

Sectional

Total

B.-THROUGH

Ordinary

1st

2nd

3rd

Total Ordinary

2

3

4

5

6,277 251

38,192 225,638

270,107

1,844

62,915

65,019

6,528

40,036

298,553

335,117

15,853 631

511,484

81,605

3,428 175,301 179,360

608,942

16,484 85,033 686,785 788,302

3.

Passenger miles

363,637

* 4.

Passenger miles per mile of line

16.484

* 5.

6.

Average number of passengers per mile of line. Average number of passenger miles per train

mile

747

1,875,827 15,070,434 17,309,898 85,033 683,156 784,673 3,855 31,132 35,734

18.06

93.16

748.43

859.65

7. Revenue:

Terminal Sectional

$

18,728.05 48,142.68 153,386.44' 220,257.17 1,188.72 3,463.69 78,648.46 83,300.87

觱

Total

€

8. Average revenue per passenger

* 9.

Revenue per mile of line

10. Revenue per passenger mile

11. Average revenue per passenger train mile

19,916.77 51,606.37 232,034.90 303,558.04

1.21

$

$

902.85 .055 .989

.61 2,339.36 .028 2.563

10,518.35 13,760.56

.34

.015 11.523

.39

.018 15.075

* Miles of line-22.06

Passenger Traffic.

SERVICE.

- S 57

Government

Season

Total for

Total for

Golfers Excursion

Free

Current

Previous

Civil

Military

Public

Govern- ment

Passes

Year

Year

6

7

9

10

11

12

13

14

35,004

10,058

14,972 10,605 91,880

55,330

518,483

187,080

292,402

175,824 1,194,188|

665,656

23,503

8,481

13,255

7,970

54,134

30,175

8,171

13,150 1,428,417 919,131 180,263 17,430,243 10,960,398

790,128 496,845

14.81

18.60

19.53

16.58

13.00

12.02

13.71

1,587

456

679

481

4,165

2,509

596

12.20 64,751 41,665

11.92

4.33

1.56

2.44

1.47

9.97

5.56

1.50

145.52

119.85

14,173.05

4,277.50

13,841.05

3,259.30

18,944.20

16,818.00

480,494.72 297,411.65

.40 642.48 .027

.431

.92

.31

.21

.30

.34

.32

193.90

627.48

147.75

858.76

762.37

21,781.26 13,481.94

.023

.047

.019

.016

.025

:0281

.027

.118

.036

.116

.027

.158

.140

4.011

3.252

SERVICE.

Passenger train miles-119,777

Government

Season

Total for

Privilege Excursion

Free Passes

Current

Govern-

Year

Total for Previous Year

Civil

Military

Public

ment

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

12

22

316

12

866 142

271,301

669,545

65,166 158,162

14!

328

1,008

336,467

827,707

12

793

1,972

611,719 1,371,038

114

12

142

179,628 331,349

126

805

2,114

791,847 1,702,387

2,779

17,758

126

805

6

36

46,634 17,377,069 37,285,202

2,114

787,718 1,690,172 96 35,872 77,170

∙.14

.88

2.31

862.98

625.52

220,487.22 437,973.28 83,346.74 175,311.40

1.36

228.69

30.27

15.60

31.63

244.29

.25

.30

1.43

11.08

.011

.014

.002

.012

Passenger train miles-20,136

303,833.96 613,284.68

.38 13,773.07

.017 15.089

.36

27,800.76

.016 10.289

.

|

$ 58

ITEMS

1

1

1. Tons carried

2. Ton miles

3. Ton miles per mile of line ...

4. Average haul per ton (in miles)

* 5. Average number of tons per mile of line

† 6. Average number of ton miles per train mile

7.

8.

* 9.

Revenue

Average revenue per ton,

Revenue per mile of line

10. Revenue per ton mile

†11. Average revenue per goods train mile

* Miles of line-22.06

ITEMS

1

1. Tons originating on Home Line :-

Terminal Sectional

Total

2. Tons carried :

Terminal

Sectional

Total

3. Ton miles :-

Terminal

Sectional

Total

Table M.-Statistics

A.-LOCAL

General Merchandise

2

19,429.90 332,885 15,090

SA ED ∞ ∞ ∞

* 4. Ton miles per mile of line

5. Average haul per ton (in miles)

* 6. Average number of tons per mile of line

† 7. Average number of ton miles per train mile

8. Revenue :-

Terminal

Sectional

Total

9. Average revenue per ton

*10. Revenue per mile of line

11. Revenue per ton mile

†12. Average revenue per goods train mile.

*Miles of line-22.06

17.13

880.77

9.49

24,077.55 1.24

1,091.46 *.072

.686

B. THROUGH

General Merchandise

2

104,814.67

139,252.47

244,067.14

159,751.16

200,901.89

360,653.05

3,524,110

4,313,312

7,837,422

355,277

21.73

16,348.73

131.20

123,783.08

• 361,319.59

485,102.67

1.35

21,990.15 .062

8.121

$35

$

$

$

$

EA EA EA ∞ ∞ ∞A A

of Goods Traffic.

- $ 59.

SERVICE.

Material for

Service

Government

Other

Stores

Railways

Total for Current Year

Total for Previous Year

3

4

5

6

7

1,101.15

5,393.07

25,924.12

18,951.75

20,642

58,817

412,344

298,558

936

2,666

18,692

13,534

18.74

10.90

15.90

15.75

49.92

244.47

1,175.16

859.10

.59

1.67

11.75

14.93

1,194.10

956.10

26,227.75

17,596.59

1.08

.18

1.01

.93

54.13

43.34

1,188.93

797.67

.058

.016

.064

.059

.034

.027

.747

.880

† Goods train miles-35,082

SERVICE.

Material for

Service

Government

Other

Stores

Total for Current Year

Total for Previous Year

Railways

3

4

5

6

7

18,671.88

123,486.55

62,778.82

76,821.00

216,073.47 32,149.18

95,492.88

339,560.02 94,928.00

18,671.88

178,423.04

120,544.38

76,821.00

277,722.89

45,893.29

95,492.88

456,145.93

166,437.67

411,901

3,936,011

2,659,209

1,694,671

6,007,983

968,454

2,106,572

9,943,994

3,627,663

95,493

450,770

164,445

22.06

4,328.78

20,677.51

21.80

21.80 7,544.77

35.27

166.47

107.00

7,344.14 52,628.32

131,127.22

90,854.62

413,947.91

70,554.17

59,972.46

.63

2,718.60

.028

1.004

545,075.13

161,408.79

1.19

.97

24,708.75

7,316.81

.055

9.125

.044

4.761

† Goods train miles-59,735

Previous

Year

Total

1

Table N.-Passenger Train Statistics.

A.-LOCAL SERVICE.

PARTICULARS

39,263

1,779,827

1. Seat miles (in 000s)

2. Average seat mileage per mile of line*.

429

3. Average seat mileage per train mile

0.76

4. Average revenue per seat mile

0.2792

5. Average passenger miles per seat mile.

Current Year

1st Class

2nd Class

3rd Class

Total

3

5

6

5,774

7,918

35,203

48,895

261,741

358,930

1,595,784

2,216,455

|

48

66

294

408

cents

0.48

0.51

1.17

0.98

S 60

0.0957

0.1523

0.4452

0.3565

B.-THROUGH SERVICE.

1,313

2,672

16,117

20,102

59,520

121,124

730,598

911,242

65

133

800

998

cents

1.52

1.94

1.44

1.51

0.2888

0.7072

0.9374

0.8644

54,743

1. Seat miles (in 000s)

2,481,550

918

2. Average seat mileage per mile of line*. 3. Average seat mileage per train mile

1.12

4. Average revenue per seat mile

0.6811

5. Average passenger miles per seat mile.

* Miles of line-22.06.

1

J

S-61

Table 0.-Goods Train Statistics.

A.-LOCAL SERVICE.

(

Previous Year

PARTICULARS

Current Year

1. Wagon ton mileage (in 000s)

(a) Loaded:-

587

322

Up

646

Down

543- ···

(b) Empty :-

382

Up

1,270

702

Down

1,373

1,993

(c) Total

3,832

54.39

90,345

100

1,934

0.0149

2. Percentage of empty to total wagon ton mileage 3. Average wagon ton mileage per mile of line* 4. Average wagon ton miles per train mile

68.97

173,708

109

5. Average wagon ton mileage per locomotive hour 6. Average revenue per loaded wagon ton mile

(ordinary)

1,928

$

0.0203

.33

7. Average ton miles per loaded wagon ton mile

.35

B. THROUGH SERVICE.

Previous Year

PARTICULARS

Current Year

1. Wagon ton mileage (in 000s)

(a) Loaded:--

1,874

Up

4,731

1,463

Down

1,911

(b) Empty ::

318

731

4,386

23.92

198,821.

215

2.999

9,856

32.61

446,782

165

!

2,383

2,818

0.0460

$5

0.0730

1.09

7. Average ton miles per loaded wagon ton mile

1.50

* Miles of line-22.06

Up

Down

(c) Total

129

2. Percentage of empty to total wagon ton mileage 3. Average wagon ton mileage per mile of line*

4. Average wagon ton miles per train mile 5. Average wagon ton mileage per locomotive hour 6. Average revenue per loaded wagon ton mile

(ordinary)

Table P.-Consumption of Coal on Locomotives.

COAL CONSUMED

Pounds per

Train

Service

Year

miles

hours

Engine Gross trailing] ton miles

Class of Engine

Tons

1,000 gross trailing

ton miles

Train

mile

Engine

hour

- S 62

1937

3,077

89

Through Express

1938

5,176

1,426,154

166 2,218,458

132.75

249.55

208.53 96.63 3,341 251.97 107.99

B

3,367

1937

Through Fast

92,821

2,815 37,634,649

3,482.25

207.26 84.03

2,770

B

1938

1937

Through Mixed

1938

62,008 2,993 17,403,994 55,246 2,567 15,021,904

2,452.75 315.55 88.60 1,835 2,597.75 387.36 105.32 2,266

A & B

1937

Local (*)

1938

137,781 7,328 31,401,316 186,859 10,127 46,588,579

4,390.30 313.18 71.37 1,342 7,573.28 364.12 90.78 1,675

A & B

1937

Shunting & light

1938

7,619

11,549

1,033.85

303

A & S

1,204.25

233

1937 295,687

Total

1938

20,844 87,866,113 247,281 24,409 63,828,941

11,491.90 292.97 87.05 11,624.83 407.95 105.30 1,066

1,234

(*) Includes special goods trains run between Shum Chun and Kowloon.

}

$ 63

Table Q.-Miscellaneous Running Costs and Performances.

Previous Year

$5,565.83

$ 874.58

$ 116.93

$

12.44

Current Year

1 Average cost of repairs per locomotive

per annum

2 Average cost of repairs per passenger

car per annum

3 Average cost of repairs per goods wagon

per annum

4 Average cost per ton of coal

5 Average cost of locomotive repairs:

(a) per engine mile

$4,589.94

$ 866.77

$ 160.36

$

ᎦᏅ

21.96

$

0.134

$

0.225

(b) per train mile

$

1.28

6 Average cost of lubricants per gallon

$

0.02129

$

0.03576

7 Average cost of lubricants for locomo-

tives:

(a) per engine mile

(b) per train mile

$

0.142

$

SA

0.259

$

1.30

EA

$

0.02252

$

EA

0.04119

6

0.418

8 Average cost of lubricants for coaching and goods vehicles per 1,000 vehicle miles

$

$

0.600

9 Average cost per gallon of petrol

$

EA

EA

0.496

0.662

25.73

10 Average steam train miles per ton of coal.

21.27

13.29 pints

0.223

5.44

0.359 gals

0.244 pints

11 Lubricating oil consumed by steam lo-

comotives:

(a) per 100 engine miles (6) per train mile

12 Lubricating oil consumed by coaching and goods vehicles per 1,000 vehicle miles

13 Petrol consumed per railcar train mile :-

(a) Motor coaches

(b) Rail bus

14 Lubricating oil consumed per railcar train

mile:

(a) Motor coaches

(b) Rail bus

13.83 pints

0.253

,,

5.70

""

0.358 gals

0.128

0.291 pints

0.178

Jy

Number Employed at end of Previous Year

-S 64

Table R. List of Employees.

Classification

Number Employed

at end of

Current Year

Basis of Pay

Basis of Pay.

(As per Operating Expenses)

Monthly Daily

Monthly Daily

1

2

3

4

5

GENERAL ADMINISTRATION.

1

Manager (is also Chief Engineer)

1

Chief Accountant

22

22

Chief Store Keeper (is also Traffic Manager)..

(Manager's Office

Clerks Accounts Office

(Chief Storekeeper's Office

Office

[Manager's Office

Attendants,

Accounts Office

11

Messengers, Chief Storekeeper's

and

Office

Coolies

Store Coolies

18

Watchmen

1

1

2

18

24

4)

It w

3

4

11

NN

2

2

18

TRAFFIC DEPARTMENT.

Traffic Manager (is also Chief Storekeeper)..

1

1

Traffic Assistant

3

Traffic Inspectors

10

Station Masters

15

Booking Clerks

2

Goods Clerks

3

Telephone Operators

2

Clerks

1

Office Attendant

51

1

1

3

10

17

4

3

3

1

Signalmen, Porters, Shunters, Block Opera-

tors, Pointsmen and Gatemen

3

Printers

2

Coolies

21

Running Staff

53

3

3

20

168

Carried forward

177

ر